Liber de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis

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One Book of Dom Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Sponheim, On Ecclesiastical Writers, or on men illustrious in the Church through their writings; with two appendices of those who either were not noticed by Trithemius, or in our intervening age have become, or still are, most distinguished by their writings. Carefully purged of the innumerable errors with which it has hitherto swarmed, and illustrated and enlarged throughout with many small additions marked with the sign †.

The former of these appendices was recently produced in France; the latter is now newly added, by Balthazar Werlin of Colmar.

With a most faithful index, from which the quality of this edition can conveniently be judged at once, on the first page.

Cologne, from the workshop of Peter Quentel, in the month of March, in the year 1546. With privilege.

In Praise of This Most Noble Work, an Epigram by Dom Sebastian Brant.

Whoever you are who wish to know the approved writers of the Church, and whatever distinction each one has, read this epitome of the learned Abbot Johannes of Sponheim, whom his eloquent life commends.

As he restores the ancient doctrines of the fathers of the order, and renews the sacred rights of Benedict, so he takes care to bring together the scattered names of the writers of old and to collect them in one book.

He sets down a catalogue, by which he reckons the times, and what that venerable company of authors wrote. He rescues from decay so many worthy names of men, whom devouring time had lately held beneath its feet.

And it is a wonder that one man could either read in order so many worthy men, or call to mind such great men; so that I am quite inclined to doubt whether, if perhaps he did not read them all, yet a great part of them all may have seemed to him to have been seen.

Therefore I rightly place this great-souled and distinguished man also among the number of the learned.

Index of Ecclesiastical Writers, Compiled Recently and Newly in This Volume by Johannes Trithemius and Others, Faithfully Gathered and Carefully Arranged by Barth. Laurens.

Correct the number of columns 220 and 221 and 271, if your copy shares in that error.

Abba Abraham, 422. Abba Patritius, 422. Abbot of Ursperg, 422. Acacius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, 29. Accursius of Florence, 135. Adam, abbot of Perseigne, 143. Adamannus, priest, 105. Adelboldus, bishop of Utrecht, 135. Adelmannus, bishop of Brescia, 135. Adelmus, bishop of the West Saxons, 105. Adelphus, abbot, 161. Adrevaldus, or Albertus, Benedictine, 126. Adrianus Barlandus, 422. Adrian, Pope I, 112. Aegidius Bellamere, 422. Aegidius Fuscarius of Bologna, 178.

Aegidius the Greek, Benedictine, 106. Aegidius Maferius of Paris, 423. Aegidius Nettelet, 395. Aegidius Romanus, archbishop of Bourges, 205. Aelius Antonius of Nebrija, 425. Aeneas, a Christian Platonist, 423. Aeneas Sylvius, 327. Agapetus, deacon, 425. Agathius Guidacerius, 425. Agnellus, bishop, 424. Alanus de Rupe, a Teuton, 350. Alanus of Lille, 218. Alanus Porretanus, 424. Alardus of Amsterdam, 424. Albertus Roxiatus, 247. Albertus, abbot of Gembloux, 132. Albertus, Benedictine of Metz, 138. Albertus of Brescia, preacher, 242. Albertus Crantz, 424. Albertus Ferrarius of Piacenza, 424. Albertus of Florence, 424. Albo, abbot of Fleury, 130. Albertus Galeotus of Parma, 183. Albertus Magnus, bishop of Regensburg, 192. Albertus of Padua, 219. Albertus, patriarch of Jerusalem, 172. Albertus Pighius, or more Latinly Pigius, of Kampen, 424. Albertus Pius of Carpi, 424. Albertus Prusa, a Pole, 397. Alcuinus, or Albinus, abbot, 110. Aldus Manutius, 425. Alexander ab Alexandro, Neapolitan, 425. Alexander Alexandrinus Minor, 221. Alexander, bishop of Cappadocia, 16.

Index to Trithemius's Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Alexander, monk, 425 Ammonius, Benedictine, 131 Alexander, Pope III, 167 Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium, 40 Albert of Eyb, German, 342 Anacletus, Roman pontiff, 427 Alexander of Villa Dei, of Dol, 189 Anastasius of Antioch, 428 Alexander Hales, Minorite, 189 Anastasius the Librarian, 121 Alexander Tartagnus, of Imola, 349 Anastasius, monk of Mount Sinai, 428 Alphonsus Ferrus, Neapolitan, 425 Anastasius, Pope II, 86 Algerus, monk of Corbie, 158 Anatolius of Alexandria, bishop of Laodicea in Syria, 21 Almannus, Benedictine, 123 Andreas of Exea, 430 Aloysius Mundella, 425 Andreas Albius, Bolognese, 428 Aloysius Marlianus, 425 Andreas de Lacuna, Spaniard, 430 Alphanus, archbishop of Salerno, 137 Andreas Alciatus, 428 Alpharus Minor, Spaniard, 233 Andreas, archbishop of Rhodes, 429 Alphonsus, 425 Andreas Barbatias, 429 Alphonsus, archbishop of Toledo, 425 Andreas Brentzius, 429 Alphonsus, king of Castile and Leon, 198 Andreas de Novo Castro, 430 Alphonsus, bishop of Seville, 249 Andreas, bishop of Crete, 429 Alvarius Gomes, Spaniard, 35 Andreas Stiborius, Bavarian, 430 Ambrosius Ansbertus, 124 Andreas of Rouen, 104 Ambrosius, Florentine abbot, 310 Andreas Thurinus, physician, 431 Ambrosius Calepinus, 409 Andreas Traictinus, monk of Sponheim, 322 Ambrosius Catharinus, 426 Andreas Vesalius, of Brussels, 431 Ambrosius Contarenus, 426 Angelomus, Benedictine, 116 Ambrosius Coriolanus, 342 Angelus Andreas Resennius, 431 Ambrosius, Florentine abbot, 310 Angelus Aretinus, 432 Ambrosius Origenicus, 15 Angelus Bologninus, 432 Ambrosius, priest of Alexandria, 38 Angelus Clavasius, Minorite, 371 Ambrosius Spiera, of Treviso, Carmelite, 427 Angelus Cospus, 432 Amedeus, bishop of Lausanne, 427 Angelus Decembrius, 432 Ammonius of Alexandria, 14 Angelus Perusinus, jurist, 290 Angelus Politianus, 379 Angelus Saxo, of Brunswick, 322

Index to Trithemius's Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Ansegisus, abbot, 120 Prior General, 298 Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, 146 Antonius Pratus, of Trent, 435 Anselm, Benedictine, 139 Antonius Rosellus, or Roxellus, Tuscan jurist, 347 Anselm, bishop of Lucca, 144 Antonius Sylviolus, Parisian, 414 Anselm of Laon, 152 Apollinaris of Hierapolis, 8 Antiochus, bishop, 41 Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea in Syria, 31 Antiochus Tibertus, of Cesena, 432 Apollonius, rhetorician, 11 Antipater, bishop of Bostra, 432 Apollonius, Roman senator, 11 Antoninus, archbishop of Florence, 322 Aprigius, bishop of Pacca, 95 Antoninus, bishop of Constance, 432 Aquinus, Swedish preacher, 397 Antonius Brixianus, 432 Arator, poet, 94 Antonius Brockwey of Königstein, 432 Archelaus, bishop of Mesopotamia, 21 Antonius Butrius, Bolognese, 294 Aribo, archbishop of Mainz, 132 Antonius Cermisonus, 435 Aristides, Athenian, 7 Antonius Codus Urceus, 435 Arlotus, Etruscan Minorite, 208 Antonius Cornazanus, of Ferrara, 406 Armandus Bellovisus, Dominican, 432 Arsenius, archbishop of Monemvasia, 435 Antonius of Padua, of Lisbon, 180 Arnobius, priest, 22 Antonius Exarchus, 433 Arnoldus, abbot of Bonneval, 163 Antonius, of St. Eremita and abbot, 26 Arnoldus Bostius, Carmelite, 389 Antonius Fumanellus, 433 Arnoldus Peraxylus Arlenius, 436 Antonius Geynerus, of Pavia, 320 Arnoldus of Villanova, 435 Antonius Gazius, 434 Arsenius, archbishop of Monemvasia, 435 Antonius Goveanus, 434 [unclear], 27 Antonius Iamuensis, Augustinian hermit, 298 Astesanus of Asti, Minorite, 235 Antonius Lodovicus, of Lisbon, 434 Asclepius Afer, bishop of Vaga, 76 Antonius Mancinellus, 434 Athanasius, bishop of Sardis, 437 Athenagoras, Christian philosopher, 437 Antonius Musa Brasavolus, 434 Atticus, bishop of Constantinople, 61 Antonius Panormita, 435 Antonius of Parma, Camaldolese

Index to Trithemius’ Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Audbertus 47; Bartholomaeus of Brescia 185 Audentius, Spanish bishop 47; Bartholomaeus Cepolla of Verona 348 Augustinus of Ancona 230; Bartholomaeus Cocles of Bologna 449 Augustinus Dathus 437; Bartholomaeus Colon, poet 398 Augustinus Dodo, Frisian 458; Bartholomaeus Merula of Mantua 441 Augustinus, bishop of Hippo 53; Bartholomaeus Latomus of Arlon 440 Augustinus Iustinianus, Preacher 458 Augustinus Niphus 458; Bartholomaeus Osa 242 Augustinus Romanus, hermit 289; Bartholomaeus of Pisa, Preacher 242 Augustinensis 459; Bartholomaeus, elsewhere Baptista, Platina of Cremona 356 Augustinus Steuchus of Gubbio; Bartholomaeus Salicetus 278 Azo of Bologna 88; Bartholomaeus the German, Carthusian 321 Avitus, bishop of Vienne 439; Aurelianus, cleric of Reims 127; Bartholomaeus Vespucci of Florence 441 Bartholomaeus of Urbino, Augustinian 285 Aurelius Clemens Prudentius 38; Ausonius, bishop of Bordeaux 53; Bartolus of Saxoferrato 258 Azo of Bologna 178; Basilius, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia 32

B

Acciaiuus 439; Basilius Zanchus of Bergamo 441 [unclear] and Pachomius and Pa[unclear], abbot 38; Bassianus Landus of Piacenza 441 Beatus Rhenanus 441 Bachylus, bishop of Corinth 439; Bede Natalis 442 Bagoretus, jurist 177; Bede the Venerable, priest 106 Baldus of Perugia, jurist 289; Bellator, priest 119 Baptista Blasianus, jurist 375; Benedict, abbot, father of all the Benedictines 89 Baptista of Ferrara, Carmelite 368; Benedictus Aretinus 442 Baptista Fulgosus 439; Benedictus Capra of Perugia 365 Baptista Guarinus of Verona 378; Benedict, abbot in Britain 105 Baptista Mantuanus, Carmelite 379; Benedictus Stendel of Halle 341 Barlaam of Calabria 440; Beno, cardinal 442 Bartholomaeus Anglus, Friar Minor 258; Berengarius, bishop of Béziers 215 Bartholomaeus Argentarius 440; Bartholomaeus Arnoldus of Usingen; Bernardinus Carvajal 442 Bartholomaeus Arnout of Brescia 440

Index to the Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Abbot of Camaldoli 407; Bonaguida of Arezzo 179 Bernardinus of Siena, Friar Minor 319; Bonominus Clusonius 257 Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux 151; Bouslaus Hassenstein, German 396 Bernard, abbot of Monte Cassino 246; Bridget, widow 443 Bernard, Benedictine of Cluny 144; Bruno, archbishop of [unclear] 141 Bruno, bishop of Würzburg 134 Bernard, Benedictine of Corbie 145; Burckard, bishop of Worms 135 Bernard of Compostela 184; Caesarius of Heisterbach 178 Bernardus de Busti 442; Caietanus of Vicenza 311 Bernardus Dorna 181; Calistus of Piacenza 443 Bernardus Iustinianus 344; Calixtus, Pope II 150 Bernardus of Luxembourg 442; Campanus Lombardus 137 Bernardus Parentinus, Dominican 245; author of the Manual Chant 135 Bernardus Saracenus, Venetian 443; Carolus Aretinus 443 Berno, abbot of Reichenau 133; Carolus Bovillus 416 Bernold, priest of Constance 142; Carolus Phernandus of Bruges 391 Berthorius, abbot 137; Carolus Verardus 443 Bertramus, bishop of Thessalonica 267; Bertrandus, Friar Minor, cardinal 225 Bertramus, priest 120; Cerealis, African bishop 82 Blondus Flavius of Forlì 316; Christianus Druthmarus, Benedictine 122 Boethius, Roman consul 89 Bessarion, cardinal of Nicaea 337; Christodulus, monk 443 Blasius Andernarius, Carmelite 278; Christophorus Landinus of Florence 572 Bonaventura of Padua, Augustinian cardinal 232; Christophorus Porsena, Roman, Guilhelmite 363 Christophorus Richerius 443 Boniface, first archbishop of Mainz 108; Chromatius, bishop 444 Bonifacius Ferrari, Carthusian 305; Chrysostom, bishop of Byzantium 47 Boniface, Pope I 72; Cinus Symbaldus of Pistoia 237 Boniface, Pope VIII 212; Claudius of Auxerre 444 Claudius, Benedictine 114

Index to Trithemius's book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Claudianus, priest, 444; [unclear], prior, III. Claudius or Claudianus, bishop of Vienne, 173. Cyrillus, bishop of Alexandria, 66. Clemens I, pope, 81. Cyrillus, bishop of Jerusalem, 446. Clemens, Pope V, 1. Cyrus, physician of Alexandria, 80. Clemens, Pope VI, 251. Cyrus Theodorus Prodromus, 446. Clemens, priest of Alexandria, 10. D. Ado, bishop of Rouen, 104. Clemens, abbot, 22. Damasus, pope, 31. Coelestinus, Pope I, 65. Daniel Barbatus, Venetian, 446. Columbanus, Scottish abbot, 99. Dantes Aligerus, 224. Commodianus, 444. David, Minorite, 187. The author of the Biblical Concordances, 209, 210. Demetrius Cydonius, 446. Conradus Altzeius, German, 267. Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, 447. Conradus de Mure, 444. Dexter Pacianus, 447. Conradus, Benedictine of Hirsau, 162. Didymus of Alexandria, 32. Conradus Celtis, German, 384. Dinus Mugelanus, 213. Conradus Collin, [unclear], 444. Diegus Hurtadus, 447. Conradus de Monte Puellarum, 270. Diodorus, bishop of Tarsus, 448. Conradus Halberstadius, Dominican, 209. Dionysius the Areopagite, 1. Conradus Leontorius, German, 355. Dionysius of Corinth, 8. Conradus Peutingerus, 445. Dionysius de Burgo Sancti Sepulchri. Conradus Rodenbergius, German, 291. Dionysius of Alexandria, 19. Dionysius, abbot of Rome. Conradus Summerhait, 445. Dominicus Flandrus, 421. Conradus Zabernius, German, 350. Dionysius Rykel, Carthusian, 332. Constantinus, Benedictine, 124. Dominicus Bolanus, Venetian, 366. Cornelius, pope and martyr, 17. Domitius Calderinus of Verona, 346. Cosmus Paccius, archbishop, 445. Dominicus de Dominicis, bishop of Torcello and Brescia, 354. Crisolanus, archbishop of Milan, 168. Dominicus Geminianus, jurist, 306. Crusianus Florentinus, 223. Dominicus Mancinus, 399. Cuthebertus Tonstallus, bishop, 445. Dominicus Nanus Mirabellius, 448. Cynthius Ioannes Baptista, 445. Donatus Acciaiolus, 448. Cyprianus, bishop of Carthage, 17. Donatus Bossius, 448. Cyrillus, general of the Carmelites, [unclear].

Index to the book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Dorotheus the Greek, 448. Eudoxia, empress, 73. Dudechinus, priest, 166. Eugenius, bishop of Carthage, 85. Durandellus, Preacher, 448. Eugypius, abbot, 88. Durandus Porcianus, Preacher, 234. Euodius, African bishop, 66. Euodius, bishop of Pavia, 91. Eusebius of Cremona, 64. Eckardus, abbot of Vraugiē[?], 160. Eusebius, bishop of Emesa, 29. Eckardus, German Preacher, [unclear]. Eusebius, bishop of Milan, 76. Eusebius Pamphili, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, 24. Eckebertus, second abbot of Florina[?] and of Celle[?], 449. Eusebius Sardus, bishop of Ver[unclear], [unclear]. Eckebertus, cleric of Liège, 138. Eustachius Bonaventura, 190. Eduardus Leus, 448. Eustathius Bericius in Syria, and afterward bishop of Antioch, 17. Effrem or Ephraem, monk, 31. Europius, priest, 35. Egelnotus, archbishop of Canterbury, [unclear] 6. Euthimius Zygadenus, 449. Egesippus, martyr, 170. Eutrandus, deacon of Pavia, 130. Einardus or Eginhartus, 157. Eulianus, jurist, 449. F. Fastidius, British bishop, 65. Eitelwolfus de Lapide, Swabian, 390. Faustinus, priest, 42. Elizabeth, abbess of Schonaugia, 170. Felix Malleolus, Swiss, 405. Emondus, elsewhere Emundus, 449. Felinus Sandeus of Ferrara, 449. Emundus, Benedictine of Canterbury, 160. Felix, Pope III, 85. Engelbertus, abbot of Admont, 388. Ferrandus, deacon of Carthage, 86. Ephraem the Greek, 449. Flavaldus, Benedictine, 152. Epiphanius, bishop of Selybria, 449. Flavianus, bishop of Constantinople, 75. Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis in Cyprus, 450. Florentius Volusenus, 450. Erhardus, Benedictine, 125. Florianus Petrinus of Bologna, 317. Foecundus, bishop of Er[unclear] or Her[unclear], 93. Ericus, Dominican, 449. Euagrius, bishop of Antioch, 37. Eucherius, bishop of Lyons, 71 B. Erueus Dominicus, priest, [unclear].

Index to Trithemius’s book On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Fortunatus, bishop of Poitiers, 97 Francis Accolti of Arezzo, 451 Francis Accursius, 213 Francis of Assisi, founder of the Friars Minor, 178 Francis Bacho, Carmelite, 286 Francis Barbarus, Venetian, 509 Francis Capuanus, astronomer, 451 Francis Craneveldius of Nijmegen, 451 Francis Diedo, Venetian, 359 Francis Emericus, physician, 451 Francis of Macerata, Friar Minor, 451 Francis de Maronis, Friar Minor, 232 Francis Martini, Carmelite, 266 Francis Mataracius of Perugia, 399 Francis Maturancius, 451 Francis Niger, Venetian, 366 Francis Petrarch, 252 Francis Philelphus of Tolentino, 352 Francis Plates, Friar Minor, 285 Francis Romaeus, Dominican, 451 Francis Titelmann, Friar Minor, 451 Francis Valeriola, physician, 452 Francis Vatablus, 452 Francis Zabarella of Padua, 294 Franco, abbot of [Halfligemen?], 155 Freculphus, bishop of Lisieux, 114 Frederick Nausea, bishop of Vienna, 452 Fulgentius, bishop of Ruspe, 85 Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, 134 Gabriel Biel, Augustinian friar, 294 Gaius, 455 Gallus the German, abbot, 263 Galterius, bishop of Poitiers, 189 Galterus Disse, Carmelite, 272 Ganfredus of Maguelonne, 189 Ganfredus of Auxerre, 163 Gansias the Spaniard, 212 Gasparinus, grammarian, 297 Gaspar Sasgerus, Friar Minor, 353 Gelasius, Pope I, 84 Geminus, priest of Antioch, 453 Gemma Frisius, physician, 453 Gennadius, bishop of Constantinople, 80 Gennadius, priest of Marseilles, 84 George Scholarius, 473 Gentilis of Foligno, 224 George Burbachius the German, 346 George Merula of Alessandria, 406 George Gemmingus the German, 375 George Molitorius of Nuremberg, 356 George, Greek monk, 454 George of Trebizond, 317 George Valla of Piacenza, 377 Gerard of Bologna, Carmelite, 225 Gerard of Siena, Augustinian, 248 Gerard Elten the German, 349 Gerard, bishop of Savona, 249 Gerard Magnus, 265 Gerard Odo, Friar Minor, 226

Index to the book On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Gerard of Saint-Quentin in the island, monk, 204 Gerard Stredam, Carthusian, 320 Gerard the German, Dominican, 215 Gerard of Zutphen, 273 Germanus Brixius, 457 Germanus, archbishop of Constantinople, 135 Gertrude, religious virgin, 457 Gervasius Riccobaldus, 457 Gilbert, abbot, 173 Gilbert, bishop of Poitiers, 156 Giselbert, Benedictine, 148 Author of the interlinear and marginal gloss, 152 Author of the ordinary gloss, 119 Godfrey of Viterbo, priest, 169 Godelbert, priest, 88 Godescalcus Meschede the German, 343 Gratiadeus, Dominican, 457 Gratian, Benedictine of Bologna and Classe, 157 Gregory, archbishop of Constantinople, 457 Gregory Baeticus, bishop of Elvira, 458 Gregory, bishop of Antioch, 458 Gregory, bishop of Emesa, or of Nyssa, 33 Gregory, bishop of Nazianzus, 34 Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea, 17 Gregory, bishop of Tours, 98 Gregory, metropolitan of Corinth, 418 Gregory Olympiadas, 458 Gregory, Pope I, 108 Gregory, Pope II, [unclear] Gregory, Pope III, 109 Gregory, patriarch of Cyprus, 458 Guarinus of Verona, 325 Guericus, abbot of Igny, 241 Guido Bayphius, 206 Guido Bonatus, or Bonactus, 453 Guido, prior of the Greater Charterhouse, [unclear] Guido of Évreux, Dominican, 420 Guido, bishop of Ferrara, 225 Guido Perpinianus, bishop of Majorca and Elne, 229 Guido of Ravenna, 458 Guido Rhoterius, 238 Guido of Susa, 185 William, abbot of Hirsau, 147 William of [Derici?], 161 William of Aachen, German, 369 [unclear] gemenis, 213 William Budé of Paris, 412 William Calisfordiensis, Carmelite, 266 William Castellus, or Castalius, Frenchman, 415 William Copus of Basel, 415 William of Como, 220 William Duranti, bishop of Mende, 202 William, bishop of Auxerre, 172 William, bishop of Paris, 201 William Forleon, Friar Minor, 341 William the Frenchman of Saint-Denis, 179 William Guarro, Friar Minor, 205 William Kaiothus, Dominican,

In Trithemius's On Ecclesiastical Writers

William Lamarensis, Minorite, 204. William Laudinius, abbot of Poitiers, 222. William Mara Neufirius, 419. William Mandagoti, archbishop of Embrun, 212. William Ockham, Minorite, 235. William Oppenbachius, 275. William Peralt, Dominican, 211. William Placentinus, physician, 201. William Puteanus, physician, 458. William Quercinus, 417. William Samucus, Carmelite, 204. Guimundus, archbishop of Aversa, 136. Gunther, Benedictine of Ellwangen, 148.

Henry of Andernach, Carmelite, 178. Henry, archbishop of Embrun, 189. Henry Arnoldi, Saxon, Carthusian, 360. Henry Bebelius, German, 459. Henry Boyc, Briton, 271. Henry of Brussels, Benedictine, 221. Henry Cosueldius, Carthusian, 287. Henry of Hesse the Younger, Carthusian, 302. Henry Gaudenus, 208. Henry Dolendorpius, Carmelite, 263. Henry Erfordius, German, 255. Henry Euta, German, 277. Henry Euticus, German, 390. Henry Gulpen, abbot, 311.

H

Hadrian, cardinal of Bath, 208. Henry Hachenburgius, Dominican, 288. Hambaldus, Roman, 459. Henry Herphius, Minorite, 331. Haymo, Bede's brother, 459. Henry Kalkar, Carthusian, 269. Haymo, bishop of Halberstadt, III, 113. Amalarius Fortunatus, archbishop of Trier, 120. Henry Kaltysen, archbishop, 116. Henry Langenheim, German, 276. Amulo, bishop of Lyons, 381. Henry Pirus, of Cologne and Carthusian, 345. Haringus Sifridi Sinnamagensis, [unclear]. Hartmann Schedel, Nuremberger, 401. Henry Prudens, Carthusian, 358. Helioricus Campius, German, 316. Henry Suso, Dominican, 460. Helias Regnier, 395. Henry Vrmarius, 241. Heliodorus, priest of Antioch, 459. Henry Werlius, Minorite, 322. Helmandus, monk of Frigidmont, 173. Heraclides, monk, 40. Helpericus, Benedictine, 137. Herenus de Boyo, Carmelite, 235. Herigerus, abbot, Benedictine, 311.

Index to the Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Hermann Contractus, of the counts of Veringen, 136. Hermann Petra, Carthusian, [301?]. Hermann Schildius, Augustinian, 243. Hermann Torrentinus, 460. Hermann Vuesiphalus, monk of the Cistercian order, 319. Hermas, the Shepherd, 460. Hermolaus Barbatus, archbishop of Aquileia, 365. Jerome Bagolinus, 460. Jerome Balbus, 395. Jerome Cardanus, 460. Jerome Donatus, Venetian, 392. Jerome of Ferrara, Dominican, 407. [unclear], 42. Jerome Fracastorius, 461. Jerome Gebwiler, 461. Jerome of Padua, [399?]. Jerome S., priest, hermit, 42. Hilary, bishop of Arles, 72. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, 30. Hilary, pope, 76. Hildebert, bishop of Le Mans, later also archbishop of Tours, 145. Ildephonsus, bishop of Toledo, 23. Hildegard, abbess, 170. Hildouinus, bishop of [Laodicea?], later of Verona, and lastly of Milan, 128. Hilduin, abbot, 115. Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, 116. Hippolytus, bishop, 16. Honoratus, bishop of Marseilles, 461. Honoratus of Autun, priest, 149. Hormisdas, pope, 91. Hubertinus Casalius, Minorite, 217. Hubertinus, cleric of Crescentino, 369. Hubertus Leonardus, bishop of Daria, 374. Hugaldus, Benedictine, 123. Hugo of Barcelona, Preacher, 186. Hugh Victorinus of Saint-Victor, canon regular, 152. Hugo Eterianus, 168. Hugo, monk of Corbie, 158. Hugo Selestadius, German, 282. Hugo of Siena, physician, 312. Hugolinus, patriarch of Constantinople, 208. Humbert, Benedictine, 139. Humbert, Preacher, 187. Hupertus de Bonacurso, 182. Jacob Altavillanus, German, 259. Jacob, archbishop of Naples, 220. Jacob Arenarius, of Parma, 216. Jacob Balduinus, 186. Jacob Belvisius, 203. Jacob, count Purlilianus, 462. Jacob, bishop of Genoa, 209. Jacob Faber Stapulensis, 411. Jacob of Forli, physician, 311. Jacob Gruytrode, Carthusian, 340. Jacob Haselbachius, German, 285. Jacob Henrichmannus, 462. Jacob Hochstratus, Dominican, 461. B iij

Index to Trithemius' Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

James Iunterbuck, Carthusian, 329; Ignatius, deacon of Constantinople, 464. James Locher Philomusus, 462; Innocent, pope, the first, 64. James Lusanna, Dominican, 266; Innocent, pope, the fifth, 174. James Magnus, Augustinian, 279; Innocent, pope, the fourth, 184. James the Greek monk, 461; Innocent, pope, the fifth, 209. James Peretz, bishop of Christopolis, 463; Innocent, pope, the eighth, 464. James of Pergamo, Augustinian hermit, 373, 462; Joachim, abbot of Floris, 164. James Picoloninus, cardinal, 462; John Atrocianus, 464. James of Ravenna, a Lotharingian by nation, 465, 217; John Aurbach, German, 291. James the Wise, bishop of Nisibis, 25, 463; John Baptista Egnatius, 464. James Spiegel, German, 463; John Cono of Nuremberg, 466. James Sprenger, German, 400; John Caesarius of Julich, ibid. James Sadoletus, bishop of Carpentras, 275, 462; John Dispauterius, 466. James Stralenius, German, 366; John Cochleus of Nuremberg, ibid. James of Teramo, 275; John Driedo, theologian, ibid. James Thessalonius, Dominican, 283; John Eck, distinguished theologian. James Tusanus, Frenchman, 463; John Chrysostom Zanchus, 465. John of Vienne, ibid. John Vitriacus, bishop of Acre, 179; John Fisher, bishop in England, of Rochester, 468. James Wimpheling, that is, Vexillius, German, 387; John Hoffmeister, Augustinian. John Faber, bishop in Austria, of Vienna, ibid. James Zeno, bishop of Padua, 341; John Dispauterius, 466. Idacius, notable Spaniard, 464; John Fisher, bishop in England. Idacius, bishop of Limica in Spain, 69; John Lodovicus Vives, 469. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch and martyr, 5; John Manardus, physician, ibid. John Murmellius of Roermond, 470. John Nauclerus, provost of Tubingen, ibidem. John Pesselius of Tiel, Dominican provincial, 470; John Campscen, Carmelite, 280. John Ravisius of Nivernum, 470; John Canonicus Minor, 234. John Ruellius, physician, 471; John Capnion, or Reuchlin, of Pforzheim, 385. John Simoneta, Calabrian, 471; John Cappadox, bishop of Constantinople, 100. John Stella, Venetian, 471; John Capreolus, 287. John of Ulrich, Dominican, 468. John, abbot of [Bavonensis?] (for thus Trithemius described his Johns), 278; John Christophori, Dominican, 207. John, abbot of Nivelles, 340; John Chrysoras of Damascus, 22. John Alerius, Carmelite, 236; John Climacus, 110. John Andreas of Bologna, 236. John Arundel, bishop of Aleria, 365. John Bacon, Carmelite, 250; John Columna, Roman, 226. John Balistarius, Carmelite, 261; John Consobrinus, Carmelite, 358. John Bartholus of Paris, 414; John Dancus, Saxon, 239. John Beetz, Carmelite, 347; John de Abbatis villa, archbishop of Besancon, 182. John Beka, cleric of Utrecht, 252; John de Deo, 185. John Beleth, 174; John de Lapide, Carthusian, 370. John Bertram, German, 380; John de Lutria, German, 350. John Blanoscus, 183; John de Parma, Franciscan, 207. John Blomendal, Franciscan, 238; John of Regiomonte, 348. John Boccaccio of Florence, 261; John de Rupescissa, Franciscan, 249. John Bosianus, 176; John de Turrecremata, Dominican, 332. John Bromyard, Dominican, 255; John Dieppurg, 308. John Calderinus of Bologna, 239; John Dominici, cardinal of Ragusa, 293. John Camerarius de Dalburg, bishop of Worms, 377; John Dorstenius, German, 352. John Campeius of Bologna, 365; John Duns Scotus, Franciscan, 214. John Durenius, Franciscan, 281.

In Trithemius, On Writers John Duffeld Carpius, Carmelite, 401 John Eligerus, German, 250 John, bishop of Chartres, 166 John, bishop of Jerusalem, 63 John, monk of [Castellen.?], in the diocese of Eichstatt, 270 John, bishop of Lombez, 293 John Erfordius, Minorite, 255 John Erigena, monk, 119 John Ernesti, German, 321 John Esculanus, Minorite, 199 John Estuidi, Englishman, 245 John Friburgus, bishop of Bosa, 183 John Fust, Carmelite, 265 John Gauwer, Carmelite, 319 John Geminianus, Dominican, 216 John Gerson, 302 John Gluel, Carmelite, 277 John Golein, Carmelite, 263 John Gothus, bishop of Gerona, 101 John Gritsch of Basel, 314 John Grossus, Carmelite, 274 John Hagen, Carthusian, 358 John of Hildesheim, Carmelite, 262 John Hisdinius, Johannite, 273 John Horit, archdeacon, 169 John Imenhusen, German, 259 John of Imola, Bolognese, 298 John Kanneman, Minorite, 329 John Keisersberg, German, 382 John Langer, priest of Wroclaw, 388 John Lignerius, 238 John Lignianus, 281 John Marlianus, 315 John Maronis, Carmelite, 265 John Mechlinius, German, 332 John Milbachius, German, 376 John Nider, Preacher, 314 John Noblet, Carmelite, 315 John Palomar, 296 Pope John XXI, 208 John of Paris, Dominican, 210 John Pico, count of Mirandola, 383 John Plaetz, German, 308 John, priest of Antioch, 83 John Phernandus, Fleming, 392 John Ragusius, Preacher, 316 John Regnius, Carmelite, 236 John Rode, abbot, 325 John of Rupella, Minorite, 183 John Saxonius, Minorite, 248 John Saxus, Minorite, 254 [unclear], Carmelite, 271 John Sconhoven, German, 318 John Scotus, Benedictine, 115 John Soxeth, Carmelite, 342 John Stephen, bishop of Vercelli and cardinal, 418 John Tacephale, Englishman, 256 John Tagautius, physician, 471 John Tambachus, German, 260 John Thaulerus, Dominican, 472

In Trithemius, On Writers John Teneramundanus, Carthusian, 297 John Tholofus, Frank, 400 John Thurotz, Pannonian, 398 John Tinctorius of Cologne, 346 John Tortellius, 300 John Trithemius, abbot of Sponheim, 402 John Valeis, or Galenus, [unclear] John Venetus, Carthusian, 376 John Wallgram, Carmelite, 254 John Werdenen, Minorite, 279 Jonas Scotus, disciple of Saint Columbanus, 101 Jordanes, bishop of the Goths, [unclear] Jordanus, prior general, 180 Jordanus, German Augustinian, 288 Josephus the Jew, 5 Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, 9 Isaac, monk, 471 Isaac, priest of Antioch, 71 Isidore, bishop of Cordoba, 62 Isuardus, Benedictine, 111 Jodocus Badius of Ghent, 393 Jodocus Beisselius, German, 594 Jodocus Calve, Swabian, 361 Jodocus Clichtoveus of Nieuwpoort, 415 Julian, bishop of Campania, 64 Julian, bishop of Toledo, 79 Junilianus Maius of Naples, 364 Junilius, African bishop, 74 Justinian, bishop of Valencia, 93 Justinian the Great, emperor, 92 Justin Martyr, 6 Justus, bishop of Urgell, 95 Juvencus, Spanish priest, 27 Lactantius Firmianus, 24 Lambertus Montius, 472 Lampertinus Rampo, 222 Landulphus Columna, Roman, 472 Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, 140 Lanfrancus Orianus, 328 Lapus Castellio, abbot, 241 Laurentius Bonicontrius, 382 Laurentius Burellus, Carmelite, 372 Laurentius Calcaneus of Brescia, 351 Laurentius Gervasii, Dominican, 420 [unclear], Venetian, 289 Laurentius Valla, 300 Lazarus Bayfius, Frenchman, 472 Leander, bishop of Seville, 96 Pope Leo I, 74 Pope Leo II, 104 Pope Leo III, 113 Pope Leo IX, 138 [unclear], Letters, 168 Leonardus of Udine, Dominican, 323 Leonardus Chisanus, Minorite, 261 Leonardus Iacchinus, or Giachinus, physician, 472 Leontius, Neapolitan bishop in Cyprus, 108 Licianus, bishop of Carthago Spartaria, 100 Lilius Aegidius Tifernas, 473 Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, 472

Index to Trithemius’s Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Linus, pope, 4. Marsilius Ficinus, Florentine, 367. Lippus Brandelinus Aurelius, Augustinian, 475. Marsilius Ingen, Englishman, 269. Lucas, abbot of Mount St. Cornelius, 18. Martin, bishop in Gaul, 99. Lucas of Padua, Minorite, 209. Martin Fanus, 219. Lucian of Mantua, Benedictine, 475. Martin Polichius, 475. Lucian of Nicomedia, bishop, 21. Martin, preacher and penitentiary, 226, 475. Lucian, priest of Jerusalem, 52. Matthew, monk of Aulregia, 475. Lucius Ioannes Scoppa, 473. Matthew Bossus of Verona, 406. Ludovicus Bigus of Ferrara, 473. Matthew Cracuius, 264. Ludovicus Brunus, Italian, 399. Matthew Curtius, physician, 475. Ludovicus Donatus, bishop of Pergamum, 355. Matthew de Aq[ua]sponta, Minorite, 211. Ludovicus Pontanus, Roman, 315. Matthew of Évreux, preacher, 420. Lupoldus, bishop of Bamberg, 240. Matthew Palmerius, Florentine, 320. Lupoldus, German Carthusian, 243. Matthew of Philadelphia, metropolitan of Ephesus, 475. Lupus Oliuetus, Spaniard, 306. Matthew Sylvaticus of Mantua, 234. Lupus Servatus, priest, 119. Maurice, bishop of Paris, 174. Macarius, Egyptian hermit, 42. Maximus, bishop of Zaragoza, 101. [unclear], archbishop, 474. Maximus, bishop of Turin, 63. Mamertus, bishop of Vienne, 81. Mechtildis, Benedictine, 475. Malchion, priest of Antioch, 20. Melchiades, 10. Maphaeus Vegius, 307. Melito, bishop of Sardis, 7. Marbodus, bishop of Rennes, 142. Methodius of Olympus in Lycia, and afterwards bishop of Tyre, 26. Mark, disciple of St. Peter, 3. Michael Angrianus, Carmelite, 271. Marcus Antonius Antimachus, 474. Michael of Cesena, Minorite, 225. Marcus Vigerius, 373. Michael Herbrant of Düren, Carmelite, 286. Marcus, Benedictine poet, 97. Michael Massa, Augustinian, 253. Marcus Hieronymus Vida, 474. Michael of Milan, Minorite, 357. Marcus Marulus, or Marullus, 474. Michael Ritius of Naples, 475. Marianus, Benedictine, 474. Milo, Benedictine, 125. Marianus Zinizanensis, hermit, 142. Monaldus, Minorite, 237. Marinus Sanutus, Venetian, Augustinian, 404. Modestus, 9. Marinus Sanutus, Venetian, 407. Museus, priest of Marseilles, 79. Marius Philaelphus, 353.

Index to Trithemius’s Book On Ecclesiastical Writers

Nemesius, bishop, 476. Nicolaus Villagog., knight of Rhodes, 477. Nicasis de Voerda, blind man of Mechelen, 362. Nicolaus Wachenheim, German, 357. [unclear], blind man, 61. Nilus, holy man, 477. Nicephorus Blemmida, 476. Notgerus, bishop of Liège, 121. Nicolaus Beraldus, 476. Novatianus, 19. Nicolaus Biberensis, 210. Octavianus Mirandula, canon regular, 478. Nicolaus Borbonius, 476. Odericus, Minorite, 252. Nicolaus Clemengis, 292. Odilo, abbot of Cluny, 134. Nicolaus Clenardus, 477. Odo, abbot of Cluny, 256. Nicolaus Crucenachius, German, 361. Ody, bishop of Cambrai, 157. Nicolaus Cusa, bishop of Brixen, 324. Odofredus of Benevento, 185. Nicolaus Dathus, 477. Oldradus Laudanus, Italian, 258. Nicolaus Dinckespule, German, 295. Olympiodorus, paraphrast, 478. Nicolaus Donis, German Benedictine, 345. Olympus, Spanish bishop, 478. Nicolaus Dorbellus, Minorite, 330. Omnibonus Leonicenus, 309. Nicolaus Dorhin, Carmelite, 286. Orietiensis, Egyptian hermit, 51. Nicolaus Floren., physician, 281. Origen Adamantius, 12. Nicolaus Gallicus, Carmelite, 211. Orontius Fineus, Dauphinois, 478. Nicolaus Gorra, preacher, 274. Orosius, Spanish priest, 62. Nicolaus Lackman, Minorite, 317. Osbertus, English Carmelite, 245. Nicolaus Leonicus, 409. Osbertus, Benedictine, 154. Nicolaus Lyranus, Minorite, 227. Orisus, bishop of Córdoba, 68. Nicolaus Mutinen., jurist, 240. Otto, bishop of Freising, 200. Nicolaus Neapolitanus, 216. Otfridus, Benedictine, 115. Nicolaus, Pope I, 121. Pacianus, bishop of Barcelona, 478. Nicolaus Perotus, elsewhere Perottus, bishop of Siponto, 347. Palladius, bishop of Ireland, 66. Nicolaus Ritzo, Carmelite, 268. Paduanus Graffus, 478. Nicolaus of St. Cross in Austria, monk, 284. Pamphilus, martyr, 20. Nicolaus Saguntinus, 477. Pantaleon of Vercelli, physician, 478. Nicolaus Siculus, abbot of Monacensis, 314. Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, 6. Nicolaus Susatus, German, 315. Paschafimus, bishop of Sicily, 74. Paschasius, Roman deacon, 87. Paschasius Ratbertus, abbot, 125. Paterius, Roman notary, 99. Paulinus, bishop of Nola, 61.

Index to the book on ecclesiastical [writers].

Paul Belmissenus of Bologna 479 Paul Cassinas, monk 111 Paul Cortesius 479 Paul de Castro 310 Paul of Santa Maria, bishop of Burgos 306 Paul Lyazarius 240 Paul Niavis, German 396 Paul the Pannonian, priest 71 Paul of Perugia, Carmelite 244 Paul of Perugia, jurist 257 Paul Ricius, Israelite 479 Paul Soncinas 421 Paul of Venice, Augustinian 282 Petronius, bishop of Bologna 38 Peter, abbot of Cluny 175 Peter Abelard, Frenchman 161 Peter of Ailly, bishop of Cambrai 291 Peter Alphonsus 480 Peter of Auvergne, Dominican 290 Peter Ancharanus 230 Peter of Abano, Paduan 177 Peter, archbishop of Sens 480 Peter Bembo, cardinal 149 Peter Berthorius, or Bercharius, Benedictine 480 Peter Blesensis 259 Peter Blomevenna, Carthusian [unclear] Peter Boherius, abbot 385 Peter Bonomo of Trieste 288 Peter Bruniquellius, bishop of Novara, and afterward of New City 260 Peter Burrus, Fleming 410 Peter Cantor, Parisian 175 Peter Casa of Limoges 244 Peter Crinitus 481 Peter Dacus, astronomer 216 Peter Damian, bishop of Ostia 140 Peter de Bella Parthica 215 Peter de Colle, Minorite 318 Peter de Riga of Reims 163 Peter the Dominican, provincial prior 199 Peter Gyllius, Frenchman 481 Peter Hispanus, or Pope John XXI 201 Peter, bishop of Ravenna 75 Peter Galatinus, Minorite 481 Peter Gyllius, Frenchman 481 Peter Lombard, bishop of Paris 159 Peter Martyr Anglerius 481 Peter Maurocen, cardinal 295 Peter Mosellanus, German 482 Peter Numagen of Trier 482 Peter Paludanus, Preacher 239 Peter Paul Vergerius 307 Peter Perpinianus, Rimus 231 Peter, priest of Edessa 73 Peter of Speyer, Augustinian hermit 286 Peter Raimundi, Carmelite 246 Peter Rogerius, abbot 251 Peter Rosenheim, Benedictine 296 Peter Saxo, Minorite 223 Peter Scotus of Strasbourg 362 Peter Taretus, Parisian [unclear] Peter of Tarentaise, or Pope Innocent V 199 Peter Thomas, Carmelite, bishop of Patti 258 Peter Victor, or Victorius 482 Peter de Vinea, chancellor 180 Peter Verberius, Minorite, archbishop of Aix 223 Peter Unzola of Bologna 331 Philastrius, bishop of Brescia 37 Phileas, bishop of the Thebaid 22 Philip, abbot of Otterburg 280 Philip Beroaldus of Bologna 408 Philip Callimachus, Florentine 395 Philip, chancellor of Paris 191 Philip Decius of Milan 485 Philip of Crete 9 Philip Ferrarius, bishop of Piacenza 272 Philip Galterius, Minorite 274 Philip of Bergamo, Benedictine 252 Philip, priest 70 Philo the Jew 4 Philotheus, patriarch of Constantinople 483 Philotus Riboti, Carmelite 268 Photius, patriarch 483 Pierius, priest of Alexandria 21 Pileus of Modena 176 Pinytus, bishop of Crete 483 Pope Pius II 327 Placentinus, jurist 177 Poggio the Florentine 299 Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna 483 Polydore Vergil of Urbino 484 Pomerius Maurus 484 Ponticus Virmius of Treviso 408 Pontius, disciple of Cyprian 18 Possidonius the African, bishop of Calama 65 Primasius, African bishop 73 Priscian the grammarian 97 Proba, wife of the proconsul Adelphius 72 Proclus, bishop of Constantinople 484 Prosper Calanus, Etruscan 484 Prosper, bishop of Reggio 77 Proterius, bishop of Alexandria 74 Prudentius the poet 38 Publius Faustus Andrelinus 484 Quadratus, Athenian bishop 7 Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz 117 Radulphus Flaviacensis 129 Raymundus, whom others write as de Pennaforti, Catalan 182 Raymundus Sebeide, Spaniard 309 Raphael Fulgosius of Piacenza 296 Raphael Regius Volaterranus 382, 485 Ratherius, bishop of Verona 128 Rathbodus, bishop of Utrecht 126 Raymundus of Barcelona 485 Raymundus Lullus, or Lullius 485 Regino, abbot of Prüm 127 Reinhardus Frothoven, Dominican 286 Reinherus, elsewhere Rainerius, of Pisa, Dominican 215 Reinherus of Forlì 246 Remigius, Benedictine bishop of Auxerre 124 Renatus Garnerius of Luxeuil 417 Rheticius, bishop of Autun 25 Rhodon the Asian 10

Index to Trithemius's [book] On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Richard, archbishop of Armagh; Richard, archbishop of Rheims, 204; Richard, Benedictine of Cluny, 163; Richard of St Victor, 158; Richard, bishop of Durham, 254; Richard of Florence, Dominican, 485; Richard Lavenham, Carmelite, 179; Richard Maidstone, Carmelite, 269; Richard Malumbra, 222; Richer of Middleton, [Friar] Minor, 210; Richard Pervisinus, 486; Richard of Siena, Cardinal, 213; Robert of Ketton, Briton, 486; Robert Stephanus [Estienne], Gaul, 486; Roderic, bishop of Zamora, 342; Rudolph Langius, 390; Rofred of Benevento, 177; Roger, Benedictine, 158; Rolandinus of Romanci, 184; Romulus Amasaeus, 487; Roswitha, nun, 165; Rudbert of Mosham, 486; Rudolph, abbot of St-Trond, 155; Rudolph Agricola, Frisian, 359; Ruggandus, bishop of Metz, 112; Rupert of Bobbio, 181; Rupert of Lecce, bishop of Aquila, 367; Rupert, bishop of Lincoln, 166; Rupert, king of the Franks, 151; Rupert Gaguin, Gaul, 380; Rupert the Gaul, Carmelite, 251; Rupius Holcot, Dominican, 256; Rupert Rusius, [Friar] Minor, 209; Rusticus, deacon, 487; Rutger Venray, canon regular, 393; [S]abatius, bishop, 78; Sabadius, bishop of Agen, 488; Salmonius Macrinus, 487; Salvianus, presbyter of Edessa, 80; Santes (elsewhere Sanctes) Arduinus of Pesaro, 313; Santes Pagninus, Dominican, 487; Saxo Grammaticus of Zealand, 487; Sebastian Murrho of Colmar, 391; Sebastian Ticio (alias Brant) of Strasbourg, 385; [—] archbishop of Ravenna, 247; Sedulius, presbyter and poet, 69; Seneca, philosopher, 2; Serapion, bishop of Antioch, 11; Serapion, bishop of Thmuis, 29; Sertorius Fortanerius, [Friar] Minor, archbishop; Servatius Beca of Guelders, Carmelite, Provincial Prior, 231; Sidonius, bishop of Auvergne, 81; Siegfried the Teuton, Dominican, bishop of Cyrene, 345; Sigebert, Benedictine monk of Gembloux, 150;

[page 29:] Simon of Cascia, Augustinian, 247; Simon of Cremona, Augustinian, 246; Simon, monk of Afflighem, 214; Simon of Speyer, Carmelite, 247; Simon of Tournai, 195; Simplicianus, bishop of Milan, 62; Simplicius, pope, 81; Siricius, pope, 65; Sixtus IV, pope, 357; Smaragdus, abbot, 129; Socrates, Greek historian, 68; Sophronius, Greek, 488; Stephen the Englishman, 176; Stephen of Gaeta, Neapolitan, 355; Stephen Dolet of Orléans, 488; Stephen, bishop of Liège, 128; Stephen Herrand, bishop of Halberstadt, 151; Stephen Hoest of Landenburg, 344; Stephen Petringon, 267; Stephen the Provençal, 236; Strabo, brother of Bede, 459; Walafrid Strabo, monk of Fulda, 119; Sulpicius, presbyter, 52; Sylvester Prierias, Dominican, 420; Symmachus, Roman consul, 87; Symphorianus Champier, 87; Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, 489; Tatian, heresiarch, 8; Tertullian, presbyter, 11; Thaddaeus of Florence, physician, 206; Theodoric, Benedictine abbot, 175; Theodoric, abbot of St-Trond, 148; Theodoric, Benedictine, 143; Theodoric Herxen, Teuton, 354; Theodoric Olenbruc, [Friar] Minor, 398; Theodoric Ulsenius, Frisian, 401; Theodulus (more correctly perhaps Theodolus), bishop of Coele-Syria, 83; Theodoric Adamaeus, 490; Theodoric, bishop in Persia, 65; Theodore of Ancyra, bishop, 67; Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, 104; Theodore, deacon, 490; Theodore the hermit, Egyptian, 51; Theodore Gaza of Thessalonica, 350; Theodore of Heraclea in Thrace, bishop, 29; Theodore, presbyter of Antioch, 51; Theodotion of Ephesus, 10; Theodulf, bishop of Orléans, 114; Theophanes, bishop of Nicaea, 490; Theophilus of Caesarea in Palestine, bishop, 490; Theophilus, bishop of Antioch, 8; Theophilus, 27th bishop of Alexandria, 41; Theophylact, archbishop of Bulgaria, 490; Theotimus, bishop of Tomi in Scythia, 499; Thomas Aquinas, 195; Thomas of Strasbourg, Augustinian, 254; Thomas Bradwardine, 490; Thomas of Cantimpré, 198; Thomas Garbius of Florence, 249; Thomas Wallensis, Dominican, 280; [—] canon regular, 284; Thomas Linacre, Englishman, 491.

In Trithemius, On Writers

Thomas Lombe, Carmelite, 268; Victorinus Afer, rhetorician, 30. Thomas More, Englishman, 491; Victorinus Aquitanicus, 78. Thomas Murner of Strasbourg, 491; Victorinus of Marseilles, rhetorician, 70. Thomas Vio Cajetan, 490; Victorinus, bishop of Poitiers, 20. Thomas Walden, Carmelite, 309; Vigilius, deacon, 68. Thomasinus of Ferrara, Dominican, 283; Vigilius, bishop, 495. Ticonius Afer, 40; Vigilius, martyr and bishop of Trent, 493. Tilmannus of Aachen, Carmelite, 257; Vincent Ferrer, Dominican, 305. Tilmannus, canon regular, provost of Ravengirsburg, 360; Vincentius Gallus, preacher, 187. Vincentius Gruner, 290. Tilmannus Hachenbergensis, Minorite, 281; Vincentius, priest, a Gaul, 79. Tilmannus Sibergius, Dominican, inquisitor of heretical depravity, 492; Vincentius, priest of Lérins, 70. Timothy, bishop, 481; Vitellius Afer, 50. Titus, bishop of Botrys or [Bofirinus?], 31; Vitus Amerbachius, German, 493. Ulpius Friso, 493. Torellus Sarayna, 492; Urbanus of Belluno, Minorite, 494. Triphyllius, bishop of Ledra in Cyprus, 29; Urfinus, distinguished monk, 78. Walafridus, abbot, 109. Tryphon, 15; Wandalbertus, deacon, 122. Turpinus, archbishop of Reims, 120; Werner Rolevinck, Carthusian, 388. Wernericus, bishop of Vercelli, 143. [Alescus?] Tarantius, physician of the treasury, 144. Wernerus or Hirnerius, 175. Varinus Phavorinus, bishop of Nocera, 492; Willertus, bishop of Chartres, 156. Xystus, elsewhere Sixtus, pope, the second, 494. Willibald, first bishop of Eichstätt, 110. Ydalricus of Strasbourg, 200; Zysitus, Pope III, 494. Verus, bishop of Seville, 109; Zacharias Scholasticus, bishop of Mytilene, 494. Victor, bishop of Cartena in Mauritania, 77; Zosimus, pope, 72. Victor, bishop of Cumae, 82; Sozomen, Greek historiographer, 67.

Responsive letter of the reverend father and lord Johannes of Trittenheim, abbot of Sponheim, to the venerable and most learned man Father Albert Morderer, giving an account why he placed many professors of secular letters among ecclesiastical writers.

[unclear] Brother Johannes of Trittenheim, abbot in Sponheim, of the Order of St. Benedict, sends greeting to Brother Albert Morderer, of the Observant Order of Minorites, his friend. You say, most beloved Albert, that you wonder that I have placed professors of secular letters, who wrote nothing ecclesiastical, among the illustrious ecclesiastical men whom I have called writers, since Jerome, Gennadius, Isidore, Honorius, Sigebert, and the remaining learned censors of writers on such matters are found not to have done this at all; judging it unworthy that those devoted to secular disciplines, who labored in nothing for the edification of the universal Church, should obtain a place among ecclesiastical writers. I do not wonder that you wonder; the others wonder too. Therefore, by answering you, I shall satisfy all who hold the same opinion.

And first, indeed, why others did not do what you wonder that I have done does not concern me; but why I did what they did not do, I shall briefly explain. Indeed, I by no means consider professors of the good arts, remaining in the Catholic faith, philosophers, orators, and poets, who have written anything useful and honorable in their field, unworthy of the catalogue of illustrious men, for I know that they assist the Church by their lucubrations. Nor do I think that anyone can be called sufficiently learned in the divine Scriptures when he is ignorant of the discipline of secular literature. But how will a theologian learn it, if there is no one who has transmitted it? Who does not know how much a Christian and faithful philosopher can do for the Church, one who destroys the errors of the gentiles, exposes arguments and fallacious syllogisms, and confounds the doctrines of unbelievers? Read the histories of the ancients, and you will find that deeds confirm faith by words. How often have orthodox philosophers destroyed the cunning of heretics by disputation, overcome gentiles, conquered schismatics? Why should I use many words? Every school of theologians now takes the beginning of study from philosophy, to such an extent that one cannot be a theologian unless he has first been a philosopher among them. What shall I say about orators, without whose teaching

the ancients judged every theologian unfruitful, since he could not persuade others of the good things he had learned. For the rhetorician opens up the figures of the Scriptures, makes tropes clear, unties knots, shows colors, explains uncertainties, and makes the shadows of words clear. When he assumes the office of an orator, he will easily destroy the allegations of heretics and refute their errors. Finally, who could worthily recount the praises of a good orator, if he carefully weighs how much power there is in persuasion? O would that all the theologians of our time cultivated oratory: how much fruit they could produce in the Church of God by their exhortations. The theologian who is an orator is said to have the minds of his own hearers in his power; at whose persuasions, toward those things that are holy, [unclear]. [Unclear] untrained men, who condemn all poets in a single judgment, asserting that they are liars and foul-spoken; as if men who imitate the poems of the ancient poets could not be truthful and good. Far be it that a poet cannot be good and truthful, one who has had as his predecessors in this art the holy fathers Augustine, Jerome, Sedulius, Prudentius, Bede, and countless others. But it is not my office, nor the business of this time, to rebuke their sloth. Therefore, to close the letter: I have thought that philosophers, orators, poets, and faithful Christian cultivators of the other good arts, who have written something useful, should be counted among ecclesiastical writers, for three reasons. First, because I judged that their little works could contribute not a little to the knowledge of the holy Scriptures. Second, because it seemed likely to me that they had written some ecclesiastical works which are unknown to me. Last, because they should understand that an occasion has been given them by us, so that, writing henceforth ecclesiastically, they may adorn the place they have received with fitting labors. Do you therefore think that such great men, so useful to the Catholic Church, should be rejected? Far be it from us to inflict upon them so rash an injury, by which they might believe that we were provoked by zeal of rivalry, not by the reason of piety. Finally, we must beware of that proverb commonly tossed about: Knowledge has no enemy except the ignorant man. Thus I wished to answer you briefly, so that you might know that what you previously wondered at had not been done without cause. Farewell, remembering us before God in your prayers. From Spanheim, the fourth day before the Nones of April, in the year of the Lord 1492.

603

Letter of the Venerable and Distinguished Father in Christ, Lord Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Spanheim, to the Most Reverend Father in Christ, Lord Johannes von Dalberg, Bishop of Worms.

To the most reverend father and lord in Christ, Lord Johannes von Dalberg, by divine providence Bishop of Worms: Brother Johannes, called abbot in Spanheim, of the order of Saint Benedict, offers the little that he is.

It was formerly the custom of the ancients, most reverend father, if they had fashioned some new work, to dedicate it to eminent men, so that it might receive lasting strength and firmness, and so that the poisonous tongue of rivals, beaten back by the light of majesty, could nowhere succeed in fastening the tooth of wicked biting. Nor were they deceived in the opinion that proceeded from humility, since among learned prelates a kindness friendly to subjects must always be lifted up with praises, a kindness which rewards the studies of the good and restrains those of the wicked. Imitating as far as we can this example of antiquity, men of our own time also are accustomed to submit the works they write, dedicated to prelates of churches and to more learned men, so that, approved by their authority, they may be able to go forth securely into public. For those things go forth into the light without fear which are supported by the testimony of a bishop.

To the Bishop of Worms.

For indeed no one, unless foolish, readily accuses what he knows has been approved by the judgment of greater men. The innocence of the sheep rests safely when the compassion of a good shepherd watches over it. Since, therefore, the examples of the ancients are incentives to virtue for us, it is fitting that we imitate the holy conduct of those whose praises we sing, so that, while we profit from them and others from us, the order of the ecclesiastical hierarchy may continue inviolate. And although I am too slight a man to trust that anyone might take pleasure in my little works, nevertheless I have resolved humbly to offer what I have into the Lord’s treasury, in which the widow’s two coins are rightly preferred to the riches of Croesus.

Accordingly, when recently, at the urging of friends, I had gathered together with much labor a book On Ecclesiastical Writers, as the work itself bears witness, I resolved, lest I stray from the footsteps of the ancients, to submit this labor of mine to some most learned man, eminent in ecclesiastical dignity, by whose authority and goodwill it might pass through the teeth of the envious without being bitten. And when much thought had arisen in me as to whom I should [dedicate?] this same little lucubration so that it would be more welcome, many presented themselves to me as I hesitated, men concerning whose learning and goodwill no small promised hope was strong; among them you, most reverend father, appeared to me as preferable, more eminent, and more learned, you who surpass all in learning and exceed everyone in erudition. In you the nobility of a high lineage shines forth, episcopal authority stands eminent, integrity of conduct is seen, and every kind of knowledge of the liberal arts is praised. Could we find such a man anywhere besides you, in whom

Dedicatory Letter.

all these things come together at once? Among the Germans, most reverend father, I know no one equal to you, in whom such lineage, dignity, and erudition shine forth. I do not speak into your ear; let the Almighty be witness; nor do I aim to seem a flattering panegyrist, since all Germany knows you as a man most skilled in every respect. The learned honor you; nobles and princes respect you. You are to us what Plato is said to have been to Antimachus. Whoever is approved by your eloquence is deservedly judged learned. By public report, which does not lie, we have learned how deep a knowledge of sacred letters abounds in you, how penetrating an interpretation of law, and finally how great a charm, sweetness, and grace in speaking and delivering orations, so that we do not hesitate to compare you with the most learned men whom we have mentioned in the catalogue. The speeches you are said to have delivered bear most clearly witness to this; your letters bear witness; many epigrams bear witness. Indeed, the most illustrious fame of your name has become known with praise not only to our Germans but also to Italians and Frenchmen.

Hence it entered my mind that I should inscribe to you, so great a bishop, the work On Ecclesiastical Writers submitted to you, and dedicate it to your name, so that I might rest secure under the shadow of your pontifical eminence. But while I behold in you the splendor of flashing light, I am struck with awe, drawn back, and wholly shaken by fear of your great majesty, lest perhaps I, wholly inferior to you, a lofty and most learned father, in knowledge, merit, and dignity, should displease you in the very matter by which I presumed to please. For I know your many occupations; I am not unaware of your sacred studies, which I ought not to have troubled with my trifles.

Dedicatory Letter.

But your learning gives me courage, which your kindness and humanity render lovable to all, since it recoils from no one’s letters and judges no one unworthy of its address. Therefore I approach your Highness, although I am the lowest of men; I humbly submit the present little work to you; I appoint you its judge and defender. Accept, I beg you, most reverend and most learned father, this lucubration of ours, such as it is; examine it, judge it, defend it; and, if you judge it worthy, follow it with kindly favor. And you who turn over the writings of the ancients in continual reading, deign also, when there is leisure, to inspect their catalogue.

I, however, have not yet shared the present little work with anyone, nor shall I share it until I know that it has been approved by the testimony of your authority. Friends await it; printers are waiting for it; but I judge the opinion of your Fatherhood to be preferred to all. May your most merciful Fatherhood, I pray, pardon me for having presumed to bring my [trifles?] to ears occupied with difficult matters, because I have such confidence in your humanity, gentleness, and kindness that it is scarcely possible to doubt the benevolent reception of our catalogue. And I shall count it among the greatest delights if I learn that you take pleasure in my little lucubrations. Farewell, most reverend father; keep me, your most devoted servant, commended to you together with the volume sent. From Spanheim, on the sixth day before the Kalends of May, in the year of the Lord 1492.

Prologue of the Author to the Catalogue or Following Book

Often, at the urging of many people, I have been asked to complete, when at last an opportunity should present itself, the book on ecclesiastical writers which I had once begun, for the purpose of gaining knowledge of books. I confess that I delayed for a long time, lest, if I presumed to undertake so arduous a matter unskillfully, I should provoke the hatred of rivals through my own levity.

But now, since to the request of friends there has been added the counsel of learned men, who by their arguments encouraged me to take up this task, I could no longer resist their petitions, especially since this little work of ours is supported by the patronage of such great men. For why should I fear the hatred of detractors, when I see that a refuge among the learned lies open to me? There will be, I do not doubt, some who will judge this labor of ours worthy of praise; there will also be some who, with a zeal of rivalry, will disparage it. What then? Shall we therefore abandon the exercises of good works, lest we provoke the hatred of rivals? Far from it. Whoever does not imitate the wicked offends them; but whoever fears to offend the envious does wrong to the good. And indeed it is praiseworthy to have displeased the wicked, who are accustomed to love nothing unless it is matched to their own morals.

Now therefore, my friends and timely exactors, receive the book composed on ecclesiastical writers, which with diligent prayers you so greatly desired to be brought to completion. I have done what I could, and have expended my ready strength on this work, although in many things the capacity itself is less than the desire. For I, after the manner of those who see dimly, entered this wood under the guidance of the fathers who went before, and, gathering from their little works the several things suited to my purpose, I carried them together into this bundle. Many writers also, found by long investigation, I have inserted into our Catalogue with great toil and expense.

Do not be surprised, excellent reader, if in the annotations and titles of books my opinion does not always agree with yours. Who, amid so manifold a variety of books, could enumerate the opinions of individuals, let alone make them agree? You will therefore grant pardon if at times you find a volume designated in one way or another differently from what your opinion holds. For it was not possible for me everywhere to express the differences of individuals. For, as I have already said, I followed the footsteps of the fathers, and where they disagreed, I embraced what I believed to be truer. But if you find something else that rests on a more solid truth, I shall gladly yield to your judgment.

It pleased me, moreover, to proceed by a new manner of writing, so that the reader himself might more easily find knowledge of the books from their beginnings. Beginning, therefore, with the disciples of the apostles down to the last year of Emperor Frederick III, namely the year of the Lord 1493, I have carried down the catalogue of illustrious men; in it I have recorded not the names, ranks, writings, and times of all men, but only of those whom I found, placing opposite them the beginnings of the titles of the volumes; those not seen I have passed over with a blank space. The times in which certain men flourished I could not find at will; nevertheless, as it seemed to me, I placed them in a suitable position. And in each defect let the knowledge of one who knows supply what is lacking, namely that he may compute the times of individuals and restore those transposed to their proper places.

I confess that I have also deliberately passed over several men whose writings are not easily found, nor their times. I know, too, that there are still many very learned men living, who are said to be publishing various little works; but since I do not have certain knowledge of them, I prefer to pass them over in silence rather than think uncertain things. And, to use the words of Jerome, those still-living writers who have been omitted by me in this catalogue should blame not me but themselves, since they preferred to hide their writings rather than have them come into the light. But I believe that, content with their writings and talent, they will not care about the losses caused by my silence. For even of those whom I found, I wished to portray not praises, but books. This, indeed, the labor of a more prolix volume would demand.

Go now, therefore, into the world, work completed by our labor; go, and dispense to lovers of books the treasure which you contain. What do you fear? Why do you tremble? Why do you delay? Do not be afraid to go forth in public; do not fear the hatred of rivals, supported by the patronage of so many saints. Come, book, slight indeed in talent, but a revealer of great matters: why is it that, as though sluggish and useless, you are afraid? Go forth confidently. A thousand will praise you, while scarcely one disparages you. The love of God, with which you were written, I pray may mercifully excuse you, together with your author, always and everywhere. End.

Of the Reverend Father in Christ and Lord, Dom Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Spanheim, On Ecclesiastical Writers, one book, with two supplements down to these times.

Clement, the fourth bishop of the holy Roman Church ordained after blessed Peter, as some think, a Roman by nation, a holy man and beloved of God, adorned also with beauty of character, whose life and passion are contained in ecclesiastical writings, sat in the pontificate nine years and ten days. He was banished into exile for the faith of Christ with steadfast spirit, in the one hundred third year of the Lord. This most blessed martyr is said to have written, in the person of the Roman Church, several letters full of faith and learning, of which the principal ones are extant:

Two letters to the church of the Corinthians. Clement to the lord James.

Besides these, ten books of the itinerary of his life. When in the city of Rome.

Also one book of the disputation of Peter.

These last two volumes, however, are counted among the apocrypha, as is clear in distinction 15, Sancta Romana. Other letters of his are also circulated, but they are apocryphal.

Addition:

He compiled the Apostolic Canons, an epitome of the kerygmata. All are extant in Greek in the Vatican Library.

Dionysius the Areopagite, an Athenian, a distinguished philosopher, converted to the faith by blessed Paul the Apostle, was ordained the first bishop of Athens, as some think, a man of eminent holiness and incomparable learning. After the death of the apostles, blessed Clement, bishop of the city of Rome, sent him with Rusticus the priest and Eleutherius the deacon into France to preach the word of God to the nations, another bishop having been ordained in his place. He wrote in the Greek language many

On Ecclesiastical Writers

many excellent little works, of which among the Latins I find only the following:

On the Celestial Hierarchy, one book; On the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, one book; On the Divine Names, one book; On Mystical Theology, one book; On Symbolic Theology, one book; To Gaius, four letters; To Dorotheus the minister, one letter; To Sosipater the priest, one letter; To Polycarp, one letter; To Demophilus, one letter; To St. John the Evangelist, two letters; To Apollophanes the philosopher, three letters; On the death of Paul, to Timothy, four letters.

These are the writings of blessed Dionysius that I find among the Latins; whatever more he published has remained among the Greeks. But since the aforesaid little works were covered with great obscurity, they were made clear by the explanation of the following fathers. Of these John Scotus, a monk of our order, was the first to translate and polish them; then Hugh of St. Victor, Rupert of Lincoln, Albertus Magnus, Dionysius the Carthusian, and many others, of whom no recollection is now at hand.

Blessed Dionysius suffered in the territory of Paris, together with the companions named above, under the emperor Domitian, in the year of the Lord 96, in the ninth indiction, and in the ninetieth year of his age. He was buried at Paris in a church consecrated to his name, shining with miracles.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca of Corduba, philosopher, disciple of Sotion the Stoic, uncle of the poet Lucan, was a man of most continent life. Since he is celebrated by the testimony of blessed Jerome, I have therefore placed him in the catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers, because he was a very close friend of the apostle Paul, and composed many elegant works for the instruction of moral life. This man Nero Caesar, that ill-starred ruler, killed two years before Peter and Paul were crowned; Nero had once been his most unworthy pupil. Of his little works I have found the following:

On the Training of Character, one book; On the Four Virtues, one book; On the Remedies of Fortune, one book; ten books of Declamations; On Clemency, to Nero, two books.

"Every best gift" "Of our priesthood indeed" "Now already the man of God after" "The supersubstantial Trinity" "Holy Timothy indeed" "The darknesses are hidden" "The divine darkness is in" "Do not think that here [unclear]" "I indeed did not know" "Of the history of the Hebrews" "I greet you, holy soul" "To Apollophanes [unclear]" "I greet you, divine disciple"

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On Benefits to Brutus, seven books. On Anger, to Novatus, three books. On Providence, one book. On the Happy Life, to Gallio, one book. On Consolation, to Marcia, one book. On Consolation, to his mother, one book. On Tranquillity of Life, one book. That Injury Does Not Befall the Wise Man, four books. On the Brevity of Life, one book. On Moral Studies, one book. On Natural Questions, seven books. Of Suasory Sentences, one book. Of Controversies, five books. On Poverty, one book. To Polybius, of Consolation, one book. On the Games of Seneca, one book. On Abundance of Words, one book. On Marriage, one book. Of Tragedies, ten books. On the Death of Claudius, one book. Of Letters to St. Paul, one book. “I believe you, Paul, now.” Of Letters to Lucilius, twenty-two books. “Therefore do this, my Lucilius.”

These are the works of Seneca’s writings that I have been able to find at present. He is also said to have written some other little works, which have not yet come into our hands. He was certainly a most ardent lover of wisdom, and a zealous seeker of it, and of so retentive a memory that, when two thousand names had been read before him, he soon recited them from memory. Moreover, when a certain poet had composed two hundred verses and, after putting them onto a sheet, was reciting them in order before Nero, Seneca at once, using his memory instead of the volume, repeated the same verses one by one, beginning from the last and proceeding in reverse order as far as the first. He is read to have held in memory the names of all his fellow citizens. He flourished at Rome in the times of the apostle Paul, under the emperor Nero, in the year of the Lord 50.

Marcellus, son of Marcus, prefect of the city of Rome, once a disciple of Simon Magus, sufficiently instructed in secular letters, converted to the faith of Jesus Christ by the preaching of the blessed apostle Peter, composed many things for the benefit of the Church of God. For, at the request of Christians, he wrote:

On the Conflict of St. Peter and Simon Magus, one book. To the saints Nereus and Achilleus, one book. On the Acts of Peter and Paul, one book. On the Arts of Simon, one book. On the Death of Saint Petronilla, one book. On the Passion of Saint Felicula, one book. On the Passion of Saint Nicomedes, one book.

He also published other things concerning the deeds of the saints, which have not come to our knowledge. He flourished at Rome in the times of St. Peter the apostle, in the year of the Lord 50.

Linus, the first bishop of the city of Rome after blessed Peter, a Tuscan by nation, a man of most holy conduct, held the pontificate for eleven years, three months, and twelve days. Since he was a very learned man, beloved by God, he wrote in the Greek language concerning the holy apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered on one day:

The Martyrdom, one book. And certain letters.

At length, by Saturninus the prefect, whose daughter he had freed from a demon, he was punished by a capital sentence and became a martyr on the eleventh day before the Kalends of October. He flourished at Rome under the emperor Galba, in the year of the Lord 70.

Philo the Jew, an Alexandrian by nation, of the race of priests, is placed by blessed Jerome among ecclesiastical writers for this reason: because in his little works he is very often engaged in praise of Christians. When he had been sent to Rome as envoy of his people, he is remembered as having had the friendship of the blessed apostle Peter; for this reason also he adorned with his praises the followers at Alexandria of Saint Mark, Peter’s disciple. He was a man most learned in every respect, regarded as another Plato, so that it was commonly said: either Plato imitates Philo, or Philo imitates Plato. For so great a likeness of thought and expression between them is reported. He wrote very elegant books, of which the following are given below:

On the Life of the Wise Man, one book. On the Conduct of Life, one book. On the Confusion of Languages, one book. On the Nature of Quadrupeds, one book. On Those Things Which We Attest by Sense, one book. On Education, one book. On the Succession of [generation?], one book. On the Change of Names, one book. On the Heir of Divine Things, one book. On the Division of Unequal Things, one book. On the Three Virtues, one book. On the Nature of Invention, one book. On Covenants, one book. Adam Begot Three Sons, one book. On [unclear] On

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On Giants, book 1. On Victims and Promises, book 1. On the Five Books of Moses, books 5. On Providence, books 5. On Dreams, book 1. On Ideas, book 1. On the Tabernacle, books 4. On Alexander, book 1. On the Contemplative Life, book 1. On the Reason of Animals, book 1. On Agriculture, books 2. That Every Fool Becomes a Slave, book 1. He is read to have written many other things as well, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Nero, in the year of the Lord 50.

Josephus the Jew, by nation a Jerusalemite, by religion a priest, son of the priest Mattathias, a philosopher, rhetorician, and distinguished writer of the times, whom I would not place in our catalogue unless the Church read his writings and Blessed Jerome had done so before: after the destruction of Jerusalem he was captured by the emperors Vespasian and Titus and brought to Rome; because of the excellence of his talent he was magnificently honored by the senate and people of Rome. Although he remained a Jew, nevertheless he often praised the race of Christians, and in the eighteenth book of the Antiquities he set down a notable testimony concerning our Lord Jesus Christ. His volumes were held in such authority among the Romans, while he was still alive, that they were handed over to the public libraries; and after his death he was granted a bronze statue by the senate and people. Of his little works I have seen only the following:

The Jewish War, books 7. Antiquities of the World, books 24. To write the history Against Apion, book 1. sufficiently, as I think On the Power of Speaking, book 1.

He flourished at Rome under the emperors Vespasian and Titus, and remained among men down to the times of the emperor Trajan, in the year of the Lord 100.

He described the contest of the sufferings of the seven sons of one mother, with their mother.

Ignatius, the third bishop of the church of Antioch after Blessed Peter, a man of outstanding holiness and a most singularly fervent lover of our Lord Jesus Christ, was accustomed to say, as Dionysius bears witness: “My love has been crucified.” This most blessed prelate, since he was a learned and zealous preacher of the divine word, wrote several elegant letters full of fervor, in which he showed himself to have been a lover of holy martyrdom. Among these the following are considered the more important:

To the Church of the Ephesians, one letter. To the Magnesians, letter 1. To the Trojans, letter 1. To the Ro-

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

To the Romans, letter 1. To Saint John, letters 2. To the holy elder John To the Blessed Virgin, letter 1. To Mary, bearer of Christ, her To the Philadelphians, letter 1. To Polycarp, letter 1.

He suffered at Rome under the emperor Trajan, in the year of the Lord 111.

Papias, hearer and disciple of Saint John, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia, a most steadfast propagator and defender of the Christian faith, disciple and zealous imitator of the holy apostles, wrote little works of authority not to be despised. Among these there exists a distinguished work, divided into five volumes, which he titled thus: Explanation of the Sayings of the Lord, books 5. Other things which he wrote we have not seen. He first invented the novelty of the thousand years, after which he dreamed that Christ would reign again in the flesh with the elect upon the earth; those who afterwards spread this error were called Chiliasts, from the thousand.

He flourished in the times of Caesar Trajan, in the year of the Lord 100 and thereabout.

Hegesippus, a Jew by nation, converted to the faith of Christ, shone forth as admirable in teaching and holiness in the Church of God; his feast has a place in the martyrology with the other saints. He wrote several little works of excellent talent, of which I have found only this: from the time of the Lord’s Passion down to his own age, a distinguished work, History of Ecclesiastical Acts, books 5. In the Parthian war, which between I have seen no other work of his.

He flourished near the apostolic times, under Antoninus Pius, in the year of the Lord 160.

Justin, converted from being a philosopher to the catholic faith, a distinguished lover and worshipper of Christ, when in the city of Rome he rebuked Crescens the Cynic, who was blaspheming Christians, as gluttonous and afraid of death, and as a follower of luxury and lusts, was accused before the senate through that man’s plots, because he was a Christian, and was crowned with martyrdom for Christ. He wrote many distinguished little works in defense of our faith, of which these are reported:

Against the Gentiles, to Antoninus, book 1. On the Soul, book 1. To Aurelius, Against the Gentiles, book 1. The Pre-noted Psalter, book 1. Likewise Against the Gentiles, book 1. Against Trypho the Jew, book 1. Corrections Against the Gentiles, book 1. Against Marcion, book 1. On the Monarchy of God, book 1. Against All Heresies, book 1. Others

Abbot of Spanheim.

He composed, besides, many other works which have not come to our knowledge. He flourished under Antoninus Pius, in the year of the Lord 150.

Quadratus, an Athenian, bishop after the martyr Publius, once a hearer and disciple of the holy apostles, a man steadfast and of incomparable learning, labored much for the usefulness of the Christian faith, made much progress, and gathered into the unity of the faith the church dispersed by fear of persecution. Since he was an eminent teacher, he wrote, among other things, on behalf of the Christians to the emperor Hadrian, an Apologeticum full of instruction, 1 book. And other works unknown to us. At last he suffered for the defense of the catholic faith on the seventh day before the Kalends of June. He flourished under the emperor Hadrian, in the year of the Lord 120.

Aristides, an Athenian philosopher, a man most learned in secular letters and very studious in the divine scriptures, shone forth distinguished by such eloquence that he offered the nations a marvel of himself; under the garb of a philosopher he bore both Christian faith and Christian conduct, and shone forth renowned by reputation, not without holiness. He wrote an Apologeticum on behalf of the Christians to the emperor Hadrian, 1 book. And certain other works. He flourished under the emperor Hadrian, in the year of the Lord 120.

Melito the Asian, bishop of Sardis, a man learned in the divine scriptures and venerable no less for holiness than for doctrine, shone forth renowned among catholic preachers. For the usefulness of the church of the faithful he wrote many distinguished volumes, of which these are reported:

On Easter, 2 books. On the Life of the Prophets, 4 books. On the Church, 1 book. On the Fallen, 1 book. On the Lord’s Day, 1 book. On the Body and the Soul, 1 book. On the Senses, 1 book. On Baptism, 1 book. On Faith, 1 book. On Truth, 1 book. On Hospitality, 1 book. On the Generation of Christ, 1 book. The book entitled Key, 1. On the Prophet, 1 book. On the Devil, 1 book. Of Selections, 6 books. On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. On the Passing of Saint Mary, 1 book. Melito, servant of Christ,

He also published other small works, which age has not permitted to come down to our memory. Tertullian, mentioning in a certain passage this man’s elegant and declamatory talent, says that he was regarded by our people as a prophet. It should indeed be noted that the book On the Passing of Saint Mary ascribed to him is reckoned among the apocrypha, in distinction 15, Sancta Romana. He flourished under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus, in the year of the Lord 160.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Theophilus, sixth bishop of the church of Antioch, a man very devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, distinguished in talent and speech, and an excellent declaimer, wrote many volumes for the benefit of the faithful, and shone forth as an excellent expounder of the Lord’s discourses. Of his little works the following are reported:

Against Marcion, one book. Commentaries on the Gospels, four books.

To Autolycus, three books. On the Proverbs of Solomon, one book.

He also composed several other short treatises pertaining to the edification of the Catholic Church, which among the Latins are rarely found together. He was ordained bishop in the year of the Lord 173, indiction II.

Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia, a learned man and distinguished defender of the Christian faith, eminent in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote little works of reading not to be despised, in which he showed himself a man not so much learned as zealous. Among them these are reported:

Apologetic for the Christians, two books. On Truth, three books.

Against the Cataphrygians, five books.

But he also published some other works, knowledge of which antiquity has taken from us. He flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus, in the year of the Lord 165.

Dionysius, bishop of the church of the Corinthians, a most eloquent man and very learned in the divine Scriptures, a most vigilant shepherd of Christ’s flock, was of such concern and diligence that he instructed not only the people of his own city with salutary teachings, but also, by letters, summoned the peoples of foreign cities to constancy in the faith. These letters are indeed reported to be so useful and lengthy that they may not improperly be called books; of them the following are listed:

To the Lacedaemonians, one letter. To the Athenians, one letter.

To the Nicomedians, one letter. To the Cretans, one letter.

To the Gnosians, one letter. To the Pope and the Romans, one letter.

To the Amastrians, one letter. To Chrysophora, a woman, one letter.

He flourished under the rulers Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius, in the year of the Lord 170, not without a reputation for sanctity, and wrote various works.

Tatian, heresiarch, hearer and follower of Justin Martyr, did not depart from his side for as long as [unclear]. But afterward, when Saint Justin had been crowned, puffed up with swelling eloquence, he founded a new heresy, which is called that of the Encratites, which Severus later enlarged; from him those of the same party

The Abbot of Sponheim.

[unclear] heretics were called Severians. They abominate flesh, do not drink wine, do not accept the Old Testament, and do not believe in the resurrection. Tatian, however, wrote almost countless volumes, though they have not come to my knowledge. For because of the teacher's error, even his writings, despised, perished. There survives, with Jerome as witness, a distinguished volume of his, which he entitled Against the Gentiles, book 1. He flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus, in the year of the Lord 170.

Philip, bishop of Crete, that is, of the city of [Gortyna?], whom Dionysius, bishop of the Corinthians, placed above, mentions in his letter which he had written to the church of that same city, a noble and learned man, published for the benefit of believers volumes sufficiently instructive, as they say, which have by no means come into our hands. There survives one book of his, Against Marcion. He also wrote certain letters to various persons and various treatises, which have still by no means come into our hands. He flourished in the year of the Lord 170, in the times of the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus.

Modestus, a man indeed of flourishing talent, although it is unknown to us what dignity or rank he held, wrote, as blessed Jerome witnesses, little works not contemptible in their reading, in which the abundant vein of his talent is seen. Of these there survives a distinguished volume, Against Marcion, book 1. The rest are unknown to us. He flourished under the rulers Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 175.

Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon in Gaul after the triumph of blessed Photinus the martyr, formerly a hearer of Polycarp the martyr, a man zealous in the divine Scriptures and very learned, sent as legate to Rome under Pope Eleutherius, was approved as most illustrious no less in holiness than in doctrine. He wrote many excellent volumes, of which these are reported: Against the Gentiles, one book. On the Monarchy of God, book 1. On Discipline, book 1. On the Ogdoad, book 1. To Blastus on Schism, book 1. On Easter, to Pope Victor, book 1. Against Heresies, book 1, Insofar as the truth re[unclear]. On Apostolic Preaching, one book. Of Various Treatises, one book. He also wrote many other things, which have still by no means come to my knowledge. At last, when persecution was raging against the Christians, with all fer[unclear]

Arq

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] with the people of his city he was crowned with martyrdom for the Catholic faith on the fourth calends of July. He flourished under Marcus Antoninus, in the year of the Lord 175.

Theodotion, by origin an Ephesian, once a pupil of Tatian the philosopher while he was still faithful, a man certainly most learned from every source, and the third interpreter of the divine Scriptures, besides the translation of the Scriptures which he made Latin from the Hebrew, also wrote certain other little works, which however have not yet come into our hands. He flourished in the times of the emperor Commodus, in the year of the Lord 180.

Rhodon, an Asian by race, once a hearer and pupil of Tatian, most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, is said to have written many works in the Greek language, copies of which are rarely found among our people. Of these, however, the more important are reported to be those which we have set down:

Against Marcion, 3 books. To Callition, 1 book. Against the Cataphrygians, 1 book. On the Hexameron, 6 books.

He flourished under the rulers Commodus and Severus, in the year of the Lord 200.

Clement, presbyter of the church of Alexandria, hearer and pupil of Pantaenus the Stoic, once a Christian philosopher, who after him held the ecclesiastical school at Alexandria for many years, was a devout, learned, and most eloquent man. He wrote many distinguished volumes, of which these are reported:

Stromata, that is, Varieties, 1 book. On Disputation, 1 book. Against the Nations, [unclear] books. On the Salvation of a Rich Man, 1 book. The Pedagogue, 3 books. On Detraction, 1 book. On Easter, [unclear] book. Against Those Judaizing, [unclear] books. On Fasting, 1 book. On Ecclesiastical Canons, 1 book.

He also published many letters and various treatises, whose titles we do not know. He flourished in the times of the rulers Commodus and Severus, in the year of the Lord 200.

Melciades, whom Rhodon remembered in his work which he composed against the Cataphrygians, Montanus, Prisca, and Maximilla, the mad prophets, a man most learned in secular letters and exercised by constant study in the divine Scriptures, wrote not a few little works for the edification of the faithful, of which the following are reported:

Against the Nations, 1 book. Against the Jews, 1 book. Against the Nations, 1 book. An Apologetic for Our Faith, 1 book.

He is also said to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of Marcus Antoninus Commodus, in the year of the Lord 170. Apol-

The Abbot of Sponheim

Apollonius, a certain learned and most eloquent man, distinguished no less in life than in eloquence, a most valiant overthrower of heretical depravity, composed many things for our faith, and often refuted the madness of Montanus in words and writings, as is clear to those reading that notable volume which he is said to have composed with the greatest charms of eloquence:

Against Montanus, 1 book.

But he published several other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the rulers Commodus and Severus, in the year of the Lord 180.

Serapion, formerly an anchorite and the eighth bishop of the church of Antioch, a man of keen intellect, very studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, venerable no less for his life than for his knowledge, is reported to have fashioned several little works for the [unclear] of believers, in which he shows himself a learned man and a most vigorous defender of the Christian faith. Of their number there are:

To Domnon Judaizing, one book. To Carinus on Montanus, 1 book. On the Gospel under the Name of Peter, 1 book. Of brief but numerous letters, one book.

He was ordained bishop of the aforesaid city under Commodus, ruler of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 193, in the first indiction.

Apollonius, a senator of the city of Rome, a man most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, venerable no less for sanctity than for knowledge, when before the senate he had been denounced as a Christian and refused to deny Christ, received sentence of death, since an old law among them prevailed that Christians were not to be released without denial, once they had been brought before their judgment. Among other things he wrote:

An Apologetic for Our Faith, 1 book.

When he had recited this in order before the senate, he was beheaded. He flourished at Rome under the rulers Commodus and Severus, in the year of the Lord 190.

Tertullian, presbyter, by origin a Carthaginian of the African province, his father being a centurion, a proconsular man, a man of keen and vehement intellect, most learned both in the divine and in secular writings, since indeed at Carthage he gloriously taught rhetoric for many years, wrote almost countless little works in the Latin language, in which he strongly crushed the errors of the heretics. The most blessed martyr Cyprian held this man’s writings in such veneration that he let no day pass without reading them; for he was accustomed to say to his secretary, “Give me the master,” meaning Tertullian. At last he slipped into the error of Montanus

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He is called apocryphal, because his little works are counted among the apocrypha, Distinction XV, Sancta Romana. And although he erred in some matters, nevertheless he wrote well on many, as his volumes attest. Of these I have seen: On the Patience of God, one book, “I confess to the Lord God”; Against Praxeas, one book; Against Marcion, five books; Against the Jews, [unclear]; Against All Heresies, one book; On the Prescriptions of Heretics, one book; Against Hermogenes, one book; Against the Valentinians, one book; On the Flesh of Christ, one book; On the Resurrection of the Flesh, one book; On the Soldier’s Crown, one book; To the Martyrs, one book; On Repentance, one book; On the Veiling of Virgins, one book; On Women’s Dress, one book; On the Adornment of Women, one book; To His Wife, two books; On Persecution, to Fabius, one book; To Scapula, one book; an Exhortation to Chastity, one book; On Monogamy, one book; On the Pallium, one book; On Spectacles, one book; On Fasts, one book; On Ecstasy, one book; Against Apollonius, one book; On Modesty, one book.

He also wrote many other things and various treatises, which have not yet come into our hands at all; and he lived studiously even to old age and senescence. He flourished in the times of the emperor Severus, in the year of the Lord 200.

Origen, who is also Adamantius, a priest, Alexandrian by nation, son of the martyr Leonides, once a disciple of Clement of Alexandria, was a man of great and excellent talent, so that in zeal and learning he never had his equal. In the tenth year of Severus Pertinax, when a persecution was set in motion against the Christians and his father Leonides was crowned with martyrdom for the faith of Christ, he was left poor with his widowed mother and six brothers, being about seventeen years old.

The Abbot of Spanheim

For the treasury had seized all their substance because of their confession of Christ, so that they no longer had anything from which they might live. And although the number of years was reckoned slight in the young man, nevertheless his learning was already wonderful, and his constancy in the Christian faith admirable. For he had resolved to die bravely with his father, the faithful Leonides, for the faith of Christ, had it not happened that, by his mother’s stratagem, he was preserved for the usefulness of the Church, since he was to become a great teacher. For when, early in the morning, he had resolved to run to his father at the place of contest on the preceding day, his garments were taken away by his mother during the night, and the doors of the chamber were locked, and he was forced to remain at home.

When, however, he had grown into a man, he resolved to lead the apostolic life, and, proclaiming the word of God in the region around him, he went about barefoot for many years. Finally, he never slept on a bed stuffed with feathers; he abstained completely from wine and meat, except in illness; he was intent on serving God devotedly with fasts, vigils, prayers, and continual studies and expositions of the divine Scriptures. Also, according to Christ’s counsel, he was accustomed to wear only one tunic, and, having become a despiser of all worldly things, he took no thought for the morrow. Out of love of chastity, so that he might dare to preach safely to women, he had himself castrated, although in this deed zeal remained without knowledge.

Because of his learning, eloquence, and apostolic life, Mammaea, the most Christian mother of the emperor Alexander, when she was seized with a desire to hear him, came from Alexandria to Antioch, and heard his honey-sweet doctrine with great admiration. He was so intent upon the study of the divine Scriptures that he never took either food or sleep unless one [unclear] of the brothers had first delivered a reading of the Scriptures while all listened. He knew the New and Old Testament by heart like another Ezra, and when already an old man, contrary to his age, he learned the Hebrew language; and with wonderful zeal he brought together into one all the editions of the interpreters, besides the Septuagint.

In dictating editions of the Scriptures he had so admirable a memory and subtlety that, with incredible speed of utterance, he wore out seven notaries and the same number of girls, very swift in writing, besides other young men, all at the same time writing different things from his mouth. And although he was held, and was, so great and distinguished a teacher among all ecclesiastical men, nevertheless he is marked by great errors, by which either he himself was foolish, or he was corrupted by others inserting false things into his writings. The opinion of learned men about Origen was always varied, some asserting that he was a heretic, others affirming that a fraud had been imposed upon him. It is not to be wondered

On Ecclesiastical Writers

... it is not [unclear], if he erred as the first man without an example, who expounded so many volumes without a preceding teacher. Yet it is our part, not only concerning Origen, but concerning any writers whatsoever, to think with the holy Roman Church and to despise superfluous opinions. He published, moreover, almost infinite volumes, of which I have seen only the following translated into Latin:

On Genesis, 16 homilies. “In the beginning God made...” “It seems to me one...”

On Exodus, 15 homilies. “As on the last day...” “As on the last days...”

On Numbers, 28 homilies. “In Numbers not all...” “The Lord gave a name...”

On Joshua, 26 homilies. “God for doing good...”

On Judges, 9 homilies. “As long as King Uzziah...”

On the beginning of [Idida?], 2 homilies. “Not from the beginning only...”

On Isaiah the prophet, 9 homilies.

On Jeremiah the prophet, 4 books.

On Ezekiel, 14 homilies.

Likewise on the Gospel of Matthew, 26 homilies.

On the Song of Songs, 4 books. “As formerly among the people...” “Concerning the Song of Songs...”

On the number 150. “Blessed is the man,” this psalm.

Against Heretics, 5 books. “Adamantius said, who...”

Against Celsus the philosopher, 8 books.

Periarchon, 4 books. “All who believe...”

On the Epistle to the Romans, 15 books. “Because the rest of the Apostle Paul...”

On the beginning of John, 1 book.

He also composed many other works, which have not come into our hands. There are those who write that they have read six thousand treatises of Origen, a number both large and unknown to the Latins. Nor is there any doubt that many little works of his have lately been translated, which have by no means come to the knowledge of our reading. He died an old man and poor, buried at Tyre, under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus, in the year of the Lord 261, the ninth indiction, in the seventieth year of his age.

Ammonius of Alexandria, the most celebrated of all men of his time, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote in the Greek language certain distinguished volumes, by which he left the memory of himself to posterity; of their number the following are extant:

On the Harmony of Jesus and Moses, 1 book.

Of the Evangelical Canons, 1 book. “In the first canon four...”

One from Four, 1 book. “Since indeed many...”

And certain other things. The most impious Porphyry, a pagan philosopher and the bitterest enemy of Christians, falsely accuses him of having denied the faith and become a heathen, though it is established that he remained a devoted Christian until death. He flourished under Alexander, son of Mammaea, in the year of the Lord 230.

Ambrose, a hearer of Origen, first a Marcionite and afterward corrected by Origen himself, an outstanding confessor of the Christian faith, also deserved to be promoted to the office of deacon. He was certainly a most learned man and a zealous lover of books; with him furnishing the expenses, notaries, and copyists, our Adamantius composed almost infinite volumes. He was so great an admirer of his studies that day and night he urged him on, in words and in writings, to write something new, so that in a certain familiar letter he is named by Origen as the taskmaster of the work. He used to say that he never went to bed in Origen’s presence, nor took food, unless first one of the brethren who was always present had sounded forth in the letters of the sacred offering. He wrote, concerning his conversion, giving thanks, to Origen:

Epistles, 1 book.

And certain other things. He flourished with Origen in the year of the Lord 230.

Tryphon, a hearer and disciple of Origen, to whom some of Origen’s letters are extant, a man most learned both in divine Scriptures and in secular letters, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote in the Greek language certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are extant:

On the Red Heifer in Deuteronomy, 1 book.

On the Quality of Sacrifices, 1 book.

On the Dove and the Turtle-Dove, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Alexander, in the year of the Lord 230.

Minucius Felix, an advocate, Roman by nationality, a man most learned in secular letters and zealous in divine readings, excellent in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote in the Latin language certain distinguished little works, by which he commended the memory of himself to posterity. Of these there is extant a dialogue between a Christian and a heretic, which Octa-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

The eighth is entitled, one book. On Fate, against the Astrologers, one book. He flourished at Rome under the emperor Alexander, in the year of the Lord 230.

Beryllus, bishop of Bostra in Arabia, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and exceptionally instructed in secular letters, after he had governed the church gloriously for some time, at last fell into the heresy of the Paulianists, who denied that Christ existed before Mary; but, corrected by Origen, he wrote many things, of which there survives a Dialogue held among them, one book; Letters to Various Persons, one book; and certain other works. He flourished under the emperor Alexander, in the year of the Lord 254.

Hippolytus, bishop of a certain city whose name Jerome did not specify, certainly a man both studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, wrote many and almost incredible volumes, so that Ambrose, of whom we have already made mention above, used to urge Origen to imitate him, and strongly encouraged him to expound the divine Scriptures, providing him, as we have said, with seven copyists, the same number of very swift girls for writing, and a considerable number of book-copyists, with their costs and expenses. You would have seen a beautiful and delightful contest, in which each of the two greatly desired to surpass the other in the publication of books. The following are reported among the works of Hippolytus: On the Hexameron, six books; On the Apocalypse, one book; On Genesis, one book; On the Proverbs of Solomon, one book; On Exodus, one book; On Ecclesiastes, one book; On the Song of Songs, one book; On the Antichrist, one book; On the Prophet Zechariah, one book; Against Marcion, one book; On Daniel, one book; Against All Heresies, three books. He also published many and varied treatises on the Psalms, as well as homilies and sermons almost innumerable, and many other works still unknown to us. He flourished under the prince Alexander, in the year of the Lord 220.

Alexander, bishop of Cappadocia, when out of desire for the holy places he was traveling to Jerusalem, was there, by divine revelation, ordained bishop after Saint Narcissus. Illustrious for much holiness and learning, he shone forth, and at last, for the faith of Christ, under Decius, a most impious tyrant, completed his martyrdom. He wrote many elegant letters to various persons, among which the following are chiefly reported: On the Peace of the Church, to the Aaronites, one letter; For Origen against Demetrius, one letter; To the Antiochenes, a letter; To Origen, several letters. Pas-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He suffered at Caesarea under Decius, in the year of the Lord 253, in the first indiction.

Julius Africanus, a man most learned in every respect, a philosopher, historiographer, and distinguished theologian, and a most ardent lover of divine Scripture and of books, founded by his own efforts and at his own expense a notable library at Caesarea in Palestine, in which he gathered many volumes both of secular and of divine writings. He also wrote several very useful little works, of which the following are reported:

Five books of Chronicles. One book On Easter.

One book On the Holy Trinity. One book On the Sabbath.

One book On Circumcision. One book To Origen on Susanna.

One book On Attalus. One book To Aristides the Philosopher.

And he is said to have composed many other works, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Marcus Aurelius, in the year of the Lord 220.

Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea in Pontus, a hearer and disciple of Origen, a learned and holy man, both wrote many things and, while living, shone forth with miracles. While still a young man, seeking the study of secular philosophy with his brother Athenodorus, he placed himself under the school of Origen; by him, together with his brother, he was gradually, as if imperceptibly, converted to the faith of Christ, and became a most learned and most holy man. Of his writings there survives:

One book, a Panegyric addressed to Origen. One book of Interpretations on Ecclesiastes.

And several letters. He flourished under the emperor Gordian, in the year of the Lord 240.

Cornelius, the twenty-second bishop of the city of Rome after Peter, a Roman by birth, his father being Castinus, was made pope after the glorious martyrdom of Fabian and sat in the chair of Peter for two years, a learned and most holy man, until at last he too, crowned with martyrdom, passed, released from the flesh, to those above. He wrote several letters for the benefit of the Church; of these I have found only the following:

To Fabius, bishop of Antioch:

One letter On Synods. One letter On Novatian.

To the same, one book On the Novatians. One letter On the Acts of the Synod.

He wrote several letters to Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, and others to other persons. He flourished under the tyrant emperor Decius, in the year of the Lord 255.

Cyprian, bishop of the church of Carthage in Africa, a learned and most holy man, taught rhetoric gloriously for many years, and was a magnificent teacher in all secular literature. Then, at the persuasion of the presbyter Caecilius, from whom he obtained his surname, he was converted to the faith of Christ, [unclear] all his substance to the poor

On Ecclesiastical Writers

...he distributed. And not long afterward, having been chosen priest, he was also ordained bishop. Since he was zealous in the divine Scriptures, he usefully published many things for the edification of the faithful, and composed the following volumes in the Latin language, namely:

On the Grace of God, to Donatus, one book: “You admonish well, Donatus...” Against Demetrianus, one book: “You, barking at and against...” [unclear], one book: “Many and great are...” On Piety and Almsgiving, one book: “You desired, Fortunatus...” On the Praise of Martyrdom, one book: “Be zealous for what is good...” On Zeal and Envy, one book: “Let us speak of patience...” On the Good of Patience, one book: “And if among very many...” On Mortality, one book: “The evangelical precepts...” On Virginity, one book: “Discipline, guardian of hope...” On the Lapsed, one book: “Peace, behold, most beloved...” On the Sacrament of the Cup, one book: “Cyprian to his brother Caecilius...” On the Unity of the Church, one book: “Since the Lord warns and...” On the Lord’s Prayer, one book: “The chief evangelical...” On the Vanity of Idols, one book: “That idols are not gods...” On the Life of Clerics, one book: “I had indeed promised you...” On the Two Mountains, one book: “The proof of the chapters...” To Antonianus concerning Novatus, one book: “We have received the first letters...” On the Jews, to Quirinus, two books: “The Jews into offense...” To Pope Cornelius, eight letters: “We have learned, dear brother...” On Gamblers, one book. To Julianus his friend, one book.

He is said to have composed letters to various people and also many other works, which have not come into our hands. The little book On the Twelve Abuses of the Age, ascribed by many to Cyprian, does not have the flavor of his style. At length he suffered martyrdom under Valerian, on the same day as Cornelius at Rome, but not in the same year, namely in the year of the Lord 249, in the twelfth indiction, on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of October.

Pontius the priest, hearer and disciple of blessed Cyprian, a learned and holy man and an outstanding declaimer, after the glorious triumph of his master came into Gaul and at the city of Cymerla won the palm of martyrdom for the faith of Christ. This Pontius, by his honey-flowing preaching and industry, converted the two emperors Philips to Christ, and persuaded them, the first of the Roman rulers, to renounce idols. He also wrote, in an elegant style, a notable volume, which contains:

The Life of Saint Cyprian, one book: “Cla[unclear]...”

Abbot of Sponheim

He flourished under the emperor Philip, in the year of the Lord 240.

Dionysius, the thirteenth bishop of the city of Alexandria, once a hearer and disciple of Origen, while he was still a priest held the public school under Heraclas, and gained great glory for his learning. For he was a man most learned in every science of doctrines, a distinguished philosopher, rhetorician, and theologian. Agreeing with the doctrine of Cyprian and of the African synod concerning the rebaptizing of heretics, he wrote very many letters on that matter to various people, of which the following are reported among the number:

On Penance, to Flavianus, one letter. To the Romans, one letter. To Saint Pope Sixtus, two letters. To the priests Philemon and Dionysius, two letters. Against Nepos the Chiliast, one book. To Pope Dionysius, one letter composed. Against Sabellius, four books. To Novatian the heretic, one letter: “Dionysius to Novatian...” To Ammon, bishop of Berenice, one letter. To Pope Dionysius, four books. To Telephorus, one letter. To Dionysius and Didymus, one letter. To the Laodiceans, on Penance, one letter. To Euphranor, one letter. To the Armenians, on Penance, one book. To Origen, on Martyrdom, one letter. On the Order of Sins, one letter. To the Alexandrians, on Exile, one letter. A Canon on Penance, one book. On Easter. On Nature, to Timothy, one book. To Heraclas, bishop in Egypt, one book. On Temptations, one book. Commentaries on Ecclesiastes, one book. To Basilides also several letters of his are reported.

An outstanding letter of his against Paul of Samosata is extant, which he had written a few days before his death. He also composed many other works for ecclesiastical utility, which are unknown to us. He flourished under the rulers Gallus and Volusianus, in the year of the Lord 255.

Novatian, priest of the Roman church, attempted to seize the episcopal chair against Cornelius; when he could not do so, he stirred up the first schism in the Roman Church and established the heresy of the Novatians, refusing to receive penitent apostates and rebaptizing those duly baptized. The author of this error was Novatus, Cyprian’s priest. Now Novatian wrote:

On Easter, one book. On Jewish Foods, one book. On the Sabbath, one book. On Urgency, one book. On [unclear]...

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On Circumcision, one book. On Attalus, one book. On the Priest, one book. On the Holy Trinity, one book. On Prayer, one book. Several letters to various persons. He is said, moreover, to have written some other works, which have not come to my notice. He flourished in the times of the emperor Philip, in the year of the Lord 250.

Malchion, presbyter of the church of Antioch, a learned and very eloquent man, since indeed he taught rhetoric in that same city for many years with the greatest success, published some distinguished little works, which in his own time seemed greatly useful for the defense of the Christian faith against heretics. Of these there survives an excellent work of dialogues:

Against Paul of Samosata, one book.

To Pope Dionysius, from the synod, one epistle.

He flourished under the rulers Claudius and Aurelian, in the year of the Lord 270.

Victorinus, bishop of [Pictavium?], a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, furnished with Greek and Latin eloquence, wrote many distinguished little works, in which he magnificently exercised his talent. He was an eminent preacher of the divine word, and at last is read to have been crowned with martyrdom for the faith of Christ. Of his writings the following are reported:

On Genesis, one book. On Habakkuk, one book. On Exodus, one book. On Ecclesiastes, one book. On Leviticus, one book. On the Song of Songs, one book. On the prophet Isaiah, one book. On the Apocalypse, one book. On Ezekiel, one book. Against All Heresies, one book.

And many others. He flourished in the times of the rulers Valerian and Gallienus, in the year of the Lord 270.

Pamphilus, presbyter of Eusebius of Caesarea, gathered so many books at Caesarea out of love for the Scriptures that in all the world at that time no library was more celebrated. Indeed he copied out a large part of Origen’s books with his own hand and placed them in that same Caesarean library. From him Eusebius obtained the surname Pamphili. But before Eusebius began to write, he wrote little works of authority not to be despised, of which I have found only:

Against the Mathematicians, one book.

An Apology for Origen, one book.

He is also reported to have written certain letters full of faith and learning. At last, after blessed studies and many labors for the church of God, he was crowned with martyrdom for the faith of Christ at Caesarea in Palestine, under the persecution of Maximian, who ruled around the years of the Lord 240.

Anatolius of Alexandria, bishop of Laodicea in Syria, a man skilled in the divine Scriptures and second to none in secular letters in his own time, an eminent rhetorician, astronomer, and geometer, left many distinguished little works of his talent; yet very few of them have come to our notice. There survives his notable volume, entitled:

On Easter, one book. On Arithmetic Instruction, ten books.

He flourished under the rulers Probus and Carus, in the year 285.

Three sermons by the same author, On Death, in Greek, are preserved in Italy, namely at Rome, as some will have it.

Archelaus, bishop of Mesopotamia in Syria, a learned man and a keen disputant, wrote some little works in the Syriac language, which among the Latins are rarely found. At the end of [Persia?] he disputed vigorously against Mani the heresiarch, and confounded all his arguments, although he could not call him back from error. He wrote that same disputation:

Against Mani, one book.

Other works, however, are unknown to us. He flourished under the rulers Aurelian and Probus, in the year of the Lord 280.

Lucian, presbyter of the church of Antioch and afterwards bishop of Nicomedia, a learned and eloquent man, was of excellent talent in delivering homilies to the people, and venerable no less for his life than for his knowledge of the Scriptures. Under the persecution of Maximian he was crowned with martyrdom for the faith of Christ, and was buried at Helenopolis in Bithynia. He wrote, among other things:

On Our Faith, one book.

And various other treatises, sermons, homilies, and letters. He flourished under the emperor Maximian, in the year of the Lord 240.

Pierius, presbyter of the church of Alexandria, a man of such learning and eloquence that he was called the younger Origen, was most excellent in delivering homilies to the people. Under Theonas, bishop of the Alexandrians, shining most brightly in life and doctrine, he was an eminent cultivator of voluntary poverty for the love of Christ, and an admirable teacher of the people. He wrote countless treatises, which, however, have not come to our notice. There survives his very long treatise, delivered to the people on the vigil of Easter:

On the prophet Hosea, [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers, 22

[unclear]

Phileas, bishop of the city of [unclear] in Egypt, a noble and very learned man, distinguished no less for his character than for his knowledge of the Scriptures, after many labors and various treatises published for the benefit of the faithful, at last under the emperor Maximian was made a martyr for the faith of Christ and flew to the heavenly ones. Of his writings there is extant a disputation held

Against an Unjust Judge, one book. On the Praise of Martyrs, one book.

Other things that he wrote are unknown to us, although many are reported by the fathers. He flourished under the emperor Maximian, in the year of the Lord 240.

Arnobius the priest, an eminent philosopher and rhetorician, while he was still a pagan teaching rhetoric, was called by divine mercy and began to profess himself a Christian. And when, approaching them, he sought to be baptized, they did not believe him, fearing that a man swollen with worldly eloquence was trying to mock the sacraments of the faith; and therefore they postponed their decision. But Arnobius, seeing that no trust at all was being placed in him, as proof of his sincerity wrote and offered to the bishops an excellent volume:

Against the Nations, seven books.

Also On the Psalter, one book.

On the Teaching of Rhetoric, one book.

He also published many other things, which have come to my knowledge. He taught rhetoric in Africa under the emperor Diocletian. He had many excellent and noble pupils, who became very learned men. He therefore flourished around the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 500.

He also wrote brief annotations on some passages of the evangelists.

John Climacus, which in Latin means Scholasticus, abbot of Mount Sinai, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, excellent in talent, gentle and humble, in life and conduct devout and most holy: when he was still sixteen years old, he left the world with its pleasures, and very earnestly sought, and obtained, to be made a monk in the said monastery. Then, after nineteen years, when he had already learned, according to the rule of monks, to fight and conquer as a solitary, with the permission of his abbot he sought a desert place, in which for many years he lived alone with God in all holiness. Finally, when his most holy life had become known to all, by the unanimous consent of all he was elected abbot, and, though reluctant, was recalled to the monastery. He wrote to John, abbot of Raythu, a very celebrated work, and one very suitable for the instruction of monks, containing thirty sermons, which he entitled

On the Thirty Steps, one book.

From the good and supremely good to

The Abbot of Spanheim.

To Pastor, Sermons, one book: “In the lower book indeed ...” Several letters to monks, one book. And certain other things.

In certain places, especially where he treats of the impassibility of the mortified spiritual man, he is censured by modern theologians, as is found in certain treatises in John Gerson. He flourished around the times of Constantine, Constantius, and Constans, brothers and emperors, who reigned in the year of the Lord 346.

Ildephonsus, bishop of the see of Toledo after St. Eugenius, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant either of secular literature, excellent in verse and prose, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, and above all the bishops of his time fluent and eloquent, worthy of God and most holy in life and conduct. For he was endowed with constancy in the fear of God, devoted in religion, abundant in compunction, grave in gait, praiseworthy in honor, singular in patience, renowned for his talent in discourse, supreme in wisdom. When, while still a boy, he had been touched by the divine spirit, despising the guilty world and the affections of his parents, he sought the monastery of Agali, and there for many years fittingly showed himself a monk. He also built a convent of virgins in the little village of Deibia, which he endowed from the wealth of his parents. Then, made abbot of the monastery of Agali, he trained the manners of the monks, administered its property, and preserved its life. After this, by princely violence he was brought back to Toledo, and there, after the death of his predecessor, was appointed bishop in his place. He wrote many distinguished little works, of which the following are reported:

On the Holy Trinity, one book. On His Own Weakness, one book. Various Hymns, one book. Annotations on Sacred Matters, one book. Many Epigrams, one book. Annotations on the Sacraments, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. And very many other things.

When this most blessed prelate Ildephonsus had completed to the end the book on the virginity of Mary, the most pure Mother of God, whom he was always accustomed to serve most devotedly with all the zeal he could, the most holy Lady of the world appeared to him, holding that book in her hands and giving him thanks for such service, which she affirmed was most pleasing to her. But he, desiring to honor her more deeply,

On Ecclesiastical Writers

he decreed that its solemnity should be celebrated every year on the eighth day before the Nativity of the Lord; this solemnity has now prevailed, so that throughout the universal Church of the faithful it is celebrated in honor of her most pure Conception on the sixth day before the Ides of December. Hence the blessed Mother of God, appearing to him again, brought him a priestly garment, which we call an alb, and a chair; concerning these many wondrous and glorious things are related. He flourished *

Firmianus Lactantius, once a hearer and disciple of Arnobius the rhetorician, a man abundantly learned in secular letters and nobly instructed in the divine Scriptures, so that in the art of speaking he easily held the first place after Cicero, taught rhetoric gloriously, first at Nicomedia, then at Rome under Diocletian, having been summoned by him. There, when through lack of pupils he had fallen into poverty, at last, already an old man, he became tutor in Gaul to Caesar Crispus, son of Constantine. He wrote many excellent volumes, of which these are reported:

On the Divine Institutes, one book. “To the great and excellent...” book 1. “Although in the first book...” On the Origin of Error, book 1. “I should like it to be explained to me...” On False Wisdom, book 1. “As I was reflecting and when...” On True Wisdom, book 1. “There is no doubt with me...” On Justice, to Constantine, book 1. “Because it was the duty undertaken...” On True Worship, book 1. “It is well...” On the Blessed Life, book 1. “I have often observed, Do...” book 1. “How little I am one who...” On the Wrath of God, to Donatus, book 1. Letters to Probus, 4 books. Letters to Severus, two books. A Symposium in hexameter verse, one book. An Epitome against the Gentiles, book 1. The Grammarian, inscribed book 1. On Paradise, in hexameters, book 1. “There is a happy place in the first...” He says that he wrote not a few other things besides, but they have not come into our hands. He flourished under the emperor Constantine, to whom he was very dear, in the year of the Lord 320.

Eusebius, bishop of the church of Caesarea in Palestine, surnamed Pamphilus, once a disciple of Dorotheus the eunuch, a very learned man, most devoted to the divine Scriptures and, together with the martyr Pamphilus, a most diligent restorer of the ecclesiastical library: although he was an Arian, when he came to the first council of the Fathers held at Nicaea, he laid aside his error; and, following the opinion of the Fathers, by their command he composed the creed which is called Nicene and offered it to them to read and confirm as testimony of his own most pure faith. In it he vigorously crushed the errors of the Arians, and nothing has been either added to or subtracted from his edition, but to the present day it is publicly sung in the Church of God. Thereafter, persevering in the orthodox faith, he was most holily brought to his end. He wrote in Greek many excellent volumes, of which the following, that is, are current among the Latins:

Against Porphyry, 30 books. On Isaiah the Prophet, 10 books. Books of Gospel Expositions, 20. On Evangelical Preparation, 14 books. “Since what becomes Christians...” Ecclesiastical History, 10 books. “The successions of the saints...” Chronicle Epitome, book 1. “Moses of the Hebrew race...” Theophanies, 5 books. Topics, book 1. On the Life of Pamphilus, 3 books. Martyrology, book 1. On the Disagreement of the Evangelists, one book. Apology for Origen, 6 books. On the whole Psalter, book 1. He also composed many other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Constantine the Great, to whom he was very dear because of his exceptional learning and holiness of life, in the year of the Lord 320.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Rheticius, bishop of the Aedui at Autun, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and in his time a teacher of renowned reputation, is said to have written not a few little works, and especially commentaries on various books; but we remember that few have come to our knowledge, namely:

On the Song of Songs, book 1. Against Novatian, book 1. Saint Jerome censures his exposition on the Song as inept. He flourished in Gaul under Constantine the Great, in the year of the Lord 320.

James, surnamed the Wise, bishop of Nisibis, a city of the Persians, a man of great learning and incomparable holiness, one of the number of the confessors victorious under the persecutor Maximian, attended the Council of Nicaea and condemned the most impious Arius by opposing the homoousion. This man of most holy conduct often delivered the city entrusted to him from many dangers by his prayers. He wrote, for the edification of the faithful, not a few little works in the Syriac tongue, of which these are reported:

On Faith, book 1. On Love of Neighbor, book 1. On General Charity, book 1. On Prayer, book 1. On Fasting, book 1. On

26 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Resurrection, one book. On Life after Death, one book. On Humility, one book. On Patience, one book. On Penitence, one book. On Satisfaction, one book. On Virginity, one book. On the Perception of the Soul, one book. On Circumcision, one book. On the Blessing of Unleavened Bread, one book. On Christ, that he is the Son of God, one book. On Chastity, one book. Against the Gentiles, one book. On the Conversion of the Tabernacle, one book. On the Persecution of the Gentiles, one book. On the Kingdom of the Persians, one book. Of Christians, one book. On the Words of Isaiah, one book. A Chronicle of the Times, one book. Thus the whole work already indicated is comprised in twenty-five books. He flourished under the great prince Constantine, in the year of the Lord 350.

Methodius, bishop of Olympus in Lycia and afterwards of Tyre, learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, an eminent confessor and defender of the Christian faith and a diligent emulator of evangelical perfection, after the publication of many volumes, was crowned with martyrdom for the faith of Christ in Chalcis of Greece under the last persecution, or, as others affirm, under Decius and Valerian. He wrote not a few volumes in a polished and well-composed style, among which the following are reported:

Against Porphyry, one book. On the Resurrection, one book. On the Departure of the Soul, one book. On the Song of Songs, one book. Also a Chronicle, one book. "For it must be known, brothers..." On the Pythoness, one book. A Symposium on the Ten Virgins, one book. He flourished under the great prince Constantine, or, as others prefer, under Decius and Valerian, in the year of the Lord 255.

Antony, monk and abbot, Egyptian by nation, a most holy man and distinguished inhabitant of the desert, whose praises the whole world proclaims, furnished many with a rule of religious and blessed life. Although he had not learned letters, yet he was so learned in the divine Scriptures that none of the teachers presumed to prefer himself to him. He had memory in place of books, understanding and sense in place of letters, grace in place of the study of reading. In the Egyptian language he dictated various letters, of apostolic meaning and speech, to diverse monasteries; among these there survives that distinguished one:

To the Arsenoites, one letter. To other monasteries, six letters.

He wrote [unclear].

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He also wrote a celebrated work in two books, entitled Melissa (that is, The Little Bee).

Blessed Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, described his life in Greek discourse in a notable volume.

He flourished under Constantine the Great, when his sons were reigning, in the year of the Lord 330, shining with many miracles.

Juvencus, a priest, a Spaniard by nation, a noble and most learned man, a philosopher, poet, rhetorician, and distinguished theologian, venerable to the Church no less in manner of life than in knowledge of the Scriptures, published for the edification of readers many excellent volumes, both in verse and in prose; but few of them have come to my knowledge. I have read the notable work that he composed in hexameter and pentameter verses:

On the Four Gospels, 4 books.

On the Sacraments, 2 books.

The other works that he is said to have composed have not come into our hands.

He flourished under Constantine the Great and his sons, in the year of the Lord 330.

Eustathius of Antioch, a Pamphylian by birth, first [bishop?] of Beroea in Syria, and then [unclear], learned and holy, endured many troubles from the Arians on behalf of the Catholic faith. For, having been banished into exile to Trajanopolis in Thrace, he died there; when the Arians invaded his church, they held it for many years. He wrote many small works, chiefly against the Arians, and various other diverse treatises, namely: Against the Arians, 5 books; On the Soul, 1 book; Against Origen, 2 books; Letters, almost innumerable, 2 books.

He flourished in the times of Constantine and his sons, in the year of the Lord 340.

Athanasius, the nineteenth bishop of the city of Alexandria, a holy man and most learned in the divine Scriptures, endured many persecutions from the Arians for the Catholic faith. Indeed, the whole world was narrow for him, with the Arians persecuting him everywhere, so that he seemed nowhere safe, nowhere secure. For a man’s enemies were those of his own household. Therefore, fleeing from the face of the Arian emperor, he came to Trier, a city of the Gauls, was honorably received by Saint Maximinus the archbishop, and for seven years [was hidden?] in a crypt at the monastery of Saint Maximinus at Trier. In this place, hiding for many years, as we have said, he did not see the sun, and there he composed the creed Whoever wishes to be saved, until at last, betrayed by a certain girl, by the will of God he escaped in flight. If anyone desires to know his deeds more fully, let him read the Tripartite History. He wrote in Greek discourse almost innumerable small works, of which I have found the following among the Latins:

On the Unity of the Trinity, 1 book.

On the Proper Persons of the Trinity, 1 book.

On the Assumption of Man, 1 book.

On the Names of the Trinity, 1 book.

On the Single Substance of the Trinity, 1 book.

On the Blessedness of Faith, 1 book.

On the Profession of the Catholic Rule, 1 book.

On the Unity of Faith, 1 book.

On the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 1 book.

On the Trinity and the Holy Spirit, 1 book.

To Bishop Lucifer, 1 book.

Against the Objections of the Arians, 1 book.

A Disputation against Arius, etc., 1 book.

Against Valens and Ursacius, 1 book.

On Virginity, 1 book.

To the Bishops of Egypt and Libya, 1 book.

On the Holy Spirit, 1 book.

Against the Gentiles, 1 book.

Against the Arians, 1 book.

Against the Same, 1 book.

On the Homoousion of the Father and the Son, 1 book.

A Dialogue with an Arian, 1 book.

An Exhortation to Monks, 1 book.

The Life of Saint Antony, 1 book.

The Creed of His Faith, 1 book.

On All the Epistles of Paul, 1 book.

On the Persecution by the Arians, 1 book.

On His Flight and Exile, 1 book.

He published several letters to various persons, and also sermons and various treatises, which either have not yet been translated into Latin or have not come to my knowledge. He died in the time of the emperors Valentinian and Valens, in the year of the Lord 379, in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, on the sixth day before the Nones of May, in the seventh indiction.

There are extant at Rome, in the Vatican Library, thirty-two sermons in Greek, and

The Abbot of Spanheim

And a treatise to Antiochus, on very many necessary questions which are doubtful in the sacred writings and ought to be known by all Christians.

Theodore, bishop of Heraclea in Thrace, studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and an excellent declaimer of well-composed speech, published commentaries of no contemptible reading on the sacred volumes, of which the following are reported:

On the Psalter, one book. On the Gospel of John, one book. On the Gospel of Matthew, one book. On the Epistles of Paul, fourteen books.

He is said also to have written some other works, but they have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of Constantine II, in the year of the Lord 340.

Eusebius, bishop of Emesa, a man most learned in the divine writings, and in declaiming homilies to the people second to none in his time, a rhetorician and theologian most celebrated in the opinion of all, is said to have written many, almost innumerable, little works; but we have been able to find only the titles and numbers of a few, namely:

Against the Gentiles, one book. Of many homilies, one book. Against the Jews, one book. Sermons to the people.

He flourished while Constantine and his brothers were reigning, in the year of the Lord 550.

Triphyllius, bishop of Ledra or Leucotheon in Cyprus, a man most learned both in divine and in secular writings, and easily the most eloquent of all prelates in his age, is said to have written not a few volumes and to have expounded the divine writings in many ways; but I do not recall that anything of his works has come into our hands. His exposition is reported:

On the Song of Songs, one book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Constantius, in the year of the Lord 340.

Serapion, formerly a monk, bishop of Thmuis, and a very close friend of the blessed abbot Antony, a man of such great learning and eloquence that, on account of the excellence of his talent, he obtained the surname Scholasticus, is said to have written many little works, of which the following are extant:

Against the Manichaean, one book. On the Titles of the Psalms, one book. Several letters to various persons. He flourished under the prince Constantius, in the year of the Lord 540.

Acacius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, a man indeed practiced in the divine Scriptures, but corrupted by Arian impiety, was held in such reverence by the emperor Constantius that he obtained the appointment of Felix, an Arian presbyter, as bishop at Rome in the place of Pope Liberius. This Acacius, because he was one-eyed, was called Monoculus. He wrote many varied treatises, which would truly have been useful if they had had a Catholic author. Of these, the more important are reported to be those which we set forth below:

On Ecclesiastes, seventeen books. Sethematon, sixteen books. Symicton, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Constantine, in the year of the Lord 350.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Hilary, bishop of Poitiers in Aquitaine, a man very venerable in morals, life, and doctrine, endured many wrongs from the Arians for the faith of Christ. For, through the faction of Saturninus, bishop of Arles, he was banished from the synod of Beziers into Phrygia, and for four years bore a hard exile with steadfast spirit; there, by his prayers, he is read to have called a dead man back to life. Since he was a man most learned in every respect, he composed many little works, of which the following are reported in number:

Against Dioscorus, one book. Against Valens and Ursatius, one book. On the Holy Trinity against the Arians, twelve books. “As I look about me” A Defense of the Catholic Faith, one book. “God, who is everywhere” Against the Arians, one book. “To the most beloved brothers” On the Gospel of Matthew, one book. “The step which Matthew” On the Synods, to the bishops of the Gauls, one book. “I had resolved” On some Psalms, forty-two treatises. On the Psalm “Blessed are the undefiled,” twenty-two treatises. To the emperor Constantius, fifteen books. “The time for speaking now” Of Hymns, one book. Of Mysteries, one book. On the Book of Job, one book. Against Auxentius, one book. “To the most blessed and glorious” On Heresies, one book. On the Song of Songs, one book. Chronicles, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He also published some other works which have not come into our hands. At length, after returning to his city from his exile, he died under the emperor Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 371, in the fourteenth indiction; his feast is celebrated on the Ides of January.

Victorinus the African, a man of consular rank, the most celebrated rhetorician of all in his time, who in the city of Rome under the emperor Constantine taught rhetoric for a long time, where on account of the excellence of his learning he earned a bronze statue in the Forum of Trajan, having been converted to the faith of Christ in his old age, published many works on the sacred Scriptures,

..., in the dialectical manner quite obscure and scarcely accessible even to the most learned men; of these the following are extant:

Against the Arians, one book. On the Holy Trinity, one book. Its opening: “In the first discourse.” Against Heretics, one book. Its opening: “Logos,” or [unclear]. On the homoousion also, one book. Its opening: “He lives, and life [is] one.” On the Trinity, of hymns, one book. Its opening: “Be present, true light.” On the Epistles of the apostle Paul, one book. And certain other works. He flourished at Rome under the emperor Constantine, in the year of the Lord 360.

Titus, bishop of Botra, otherwise Bostrinus, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular letters, sharp and forceful in talent, is said to have fashioned many little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with glory to posterity. Of these, the following are given in number:

Against the Manichaeans, [unclear] books. A Commentary on the Gospel, one book. And many others. He flourished in the year of the Lord 340, and died under the emperor Valens.

Damasus the pope, Spanish by nation, sat after Liberius in the chair of Peter for eighteen years; a man most learned in divine matters and excellently instructed in secular letters, a very celebrated rhetorician and poet, and most skilled in composing verses; subtle in talent, devout in life and most holy, very dear to the priest Saint Jerome. He wrote various little works in both genres, of which the following are extant:

Deeds of the Supreme Pontiffs, one book. Its opening: “The blessed apostle Peter.” On Faith against Heretics, one book. Its opening: “Since after the Nicene council.” Letters to Various Persons, one book. Its opening: “Damasus the bishop.” Various poems. And other works. He flourished under Valentinian and Valens, in the year of the Lord 370.

Brocardium, or Book of Brocards, on properties.

Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea in Syria, a man devoted to and learned in the divine writings, and by far most learned in grammatical instruction, sharp and forceful in talent, clear in speech, wrote certain distinguished volumes in defense of the Catholic faith, by which he commended his name to posterity. Of these there is extant a very celebrated work:

Against the mad Porphyry, thirty books. And certain other works. He flourished under the emperor Gratian, in the year of the Lord 380.

He also wrote a work in verse, embracing the whole Scripture of the Hebrews.

On the Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Didymus of Alexandria, blind from early childhood and on that account wholly ignorant even of the elements, furnished so great a marvel of himself that he learned perfectly dialectic and geometry, which especially require sight. In the divine Scriptures he was most learned, the teacher of blessed Jerome and very close friend of Saint Antony; sharp in talent and more distinguished in life. He wrote the following works in Greek:

Against the Arians, seven books. On Doctrines also, one book. On the Canonical Epistles, seven books. On the Holy Spirit, one book. On the Book of Saint Job, one book. On Hosea, to Jerome, three books. On Isaiah the prophet, ten books. On the Gospel of Matthew, one book. On Zechariah, to the same, five books. On the Psalter also, one book. On the Gospel of John, one book. And certain other works. He flourished as an octogenarian under the emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 395.

[unclear]

Optatus, bishop of Milevis, African by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, outstanding in talent, devout in life and Catholic, is said to have written certain distinguished little works in defense of our faith, in which he magnificently exercised his abundant talent. Of these there is said to be extant a large and notable volume, which he wrote:

Against the Donatists, six books. And several letters. And many other works. He flourished under the princes Valentinian and Valens, in the year of the Lord 370.

[unclear]

Basil, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, a most learned and most holy man, was of such authority among the Greeks that no one, however slightly learned, ever dared to contradict his teaching or writings in anything. He wrote many distinguished little works in Greek, but few of them have come into our hands:

On the Holy Spirit, one book. Against Eunomius, one book. On the Hexaemeron, eleven homilies. Its opening: “In the beginning,” etc. [unclear] Rule of Monks, one book. Its opening: “The human race.” Exhortation of Monks, one book. Its opening: “Hear, my son, the admonition.” On the Instruction of Boys, one book. On Faith, one book. On Hidden Speech, one book. To a Fallen Virgin, one book. [unclear] Its opening: “Of God indeed without inter—.” Its opening: “God [gave] the use of speech.” Its opening: “All divine Scripture.” Its opening: “It is time to cry out.” Ho-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Many homilies, namely twenty-nine.

In addition he composed other treatises, sermons, and letters for various [unclear].

He flourished under Valentinian and Valens, in the year of the Lord 380.

He also wrote an Exposition on Isaiah; likewise On the Soul, On Natural Principles and Causes, Several Chapters on the Divine Nature, On Synods, and Origen’s Philocalia.

Ephrem, a monk and distinguished inhabitant of the desert, and deacon of the church of Edessa, ordained priest by blessed Basil, because of his humility never approached to perform the divine mysteries, although he was held worthy before God and men. Nevertheless, so far as pertained to his office, in admonishing the people he delivered countless homilies. He, as is read in the Lives of the Holy Fathers, was seen to have received from an angel a book written in golden letters; whence immediately on the next day, and thereafter, with the Holy Spirit speaking in him, he had such grace in declaiming that he found no one like himself in his time. He wrote in the Syrian tongue, for the instruction of readers, certain devout little works, of which the following are found among the Latins, namely:

On the Holy Spirit, one book. On Compunction of Heart, one book. On Contrition of Heart, one book. On Repentance, one book. On the Struggles of the World, one book. On the Day of Judgment, one book. On the Resurrection, one book. On the Blessedness of the Soul, one book. On Thoughts, one homily. On Severe Preaching, one homily. On the Celebration of the Mysteries, one homily. Lament over the City of Edessa, one book.

He also published not a few other works, especially sermons and homilies to the people, which have not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished under Valentinian and Valens, a very close friend of blessed Basil, as you may find in his Legend, in the year of the Lord 380.

Gregory, bishop of Emesa ([Nyssenus?]), brother of blessed Basil, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, a man very zealous and learned in the divine scriptures, stirred by his brother’s zeal, also himself wrote some little works in the Greek language, of which I have found among our writers only these:

[unclear]

54 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Image and Creation of Man, one book. “Man from the soul [unclear].” Against Eunomius, two books.

He flourished, younger than his brother, under the emperors Valentinian and Valens, and composed various works, in the year of the Lord 380.

Gregory, from monk made bishop of Nazianzus, a man of such great learning, integrity, and eloquence that not even his adversaries dared in any way to contradict the things that were said by him, so that for the confirmation of authority it was enough that Gregory had merely said something. He, cultivator and lover of the monastic way of life, when on account of the excellence of his learning and the holiness of his life he was called to the episcopate, fled and hid himself, preferring to be abject in the house of the Lord rather than to be exalted among the crowd with perishable honors. But almighty God did not wish so bright a light to be hidden under the bushel of the aforesaid way of life, since it could be extended to the salvation of many. Found therefore by divine indication, he is led by the people to the episcopal see; and immediately, in excuse for his flight, a solemn homily is composed, in which he shows that the rule of souls is the art of arts. On account of his distinguished learning and holiness of life, he was called Gregory the Great before the blessed pope of the same name. He wrote many little works in the Greek language, of which the following are extant:

On the Death of His Brother Caesarius, one book. On the Praise of Maximus the Philosopher, one book. On the Praise of Cyprian the Martyr, one book. Against the Same, in Vituperation, one book. On the Praise of Athanasius the Bishop, one book. On Virginity, in hexameters, three books. On the Holy Spirit, one book. Apologetics, When He Had Fled, two books. “I have been conquered, and I confess.” On the Nativity of the Lord, one book. “Christ is born; glorify...” On the Second Epiphanies, one book. “Again my Jesus...” On the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost, one book. “On the solemnity of this...” On Himself, Having Returned from the Field, one book. “I was longing for you...” On Jeremiah, with the emperor present, one book. “My belly pains me...” On the Reconciliation of a Monk, one book. “Our tongue [unclear].” On the Devastation by Hail, one book. “What praiseworthy [unclear].” Against Eunomius, two books. Against Julian the Apostate, one book.

He published many sermons and homilies, and various treatises on diverse subjects, since they have not come to my knowledge. At last, worn out by old age, when he perceived that he could no longer be equal to the governance of the people, after another bishop had been ordained in his place, he returned to the pursuit of the solitude he had left behind.

He flourished under Valentinian and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 390.

Eu-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Eutropius, monk and priest, a man of most religious manner of life, very zealous and learned in the divine scriptures, and fully instructed in secular letters, is said to have composed some little works, of which the following alone survive for us, known by their titles:

To two virgins, sisters, 2 books. And a Chronicle down to his own times, 1 book.

He flourished under the rulers Valentinian and Valens, in the year of the Lord 370. There are also some who write that he was a disciple of St. Augustine, and flourished in the year of the Lord 430.

Sychius, or perhaps more correctly Hesychius, priest and monk, once a hearer and disciple of the blessed bishop Gregory of Nazianzus, a man most learned in the divine scriptures, admonished by the example of his teacher, is said to have written many small works of explanation on the divine books; for he composed various volumes on both the New and the Old Testament, which have not yet come into our hands. I have read only that notable work of great size which he wrote to Eutychianus, the venerable deacon:

On Leviticus, 1 book. Venerable deacon ...

I have seen nothing of the rest.

He flourished under the rulers Arcadius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 400.

Ambrose, bishop of Milan, Roman by birth, a man most celebrated for faith and holiness, easily the most learned of all in the divine scriptures and in secular letters, fully instructed in the Greek and Latin tongue, whose merit the whole world proclaims, whose books holy mother Church confirms with a great commendation of authority. In expounding and explaining the divine scriptures he surpassed all teachers; no earthly power could ever break his faith, so that when many bishops were banished into exile for the faith, no one ever dared to touch Ambrose. For he was like a hammer of heretics, a most steadfast assailant, and while his tongue spoke in the faith of Christ, no human authority could ever impose silence on it. Always ready to undergo any dangers for the faith, with the Lord protecting him, he escaped everywhere free and unharmed. He wrote many very clear little works, of which I have found only those set down below:

On Duties, 3 books. Not wishing to seem arrogant

On the Calling of the Gentiles. Among the defenders, [unclear] book.

Hexameron, 6 books. So much, lest of opinion

On Human Dignity, 1 book. Let us make man

On Paradise, 1 book. Concerning paradise toward the east

On Cain and Abel, 1 book. Concerning paradise in the preceding

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On Noah and the Ark, 1 book. We begin with holy Noah

On Abraham the Patriarch, 2 books. Abraham, of this book

On Isaac and the Soul, [unclear] book. In the father, holy ones, for us

On the Good of Death, [unclear] book. Since in the previous work concerning the soul

On Flight from the World, [unclear] book. Frequent for us concerning [unclear]

On Jacob and the Blessed Life, [unclear] book. Necessary for learning

On Joseph the Patriarch, [unclear] book. The life of the saints, for the rest

On the Blessings of the Patriarch, [unclear] book. First of all, how great

On Naboth the Jezreelite, [unclear] book. The history of Naboth [unclear]

On Elijah and Fasting, [unclear] book. Divine [unclear] to equals

On Tobit, [unclear] book. When the prophetic book had been read

On Interpellations, [unclear] book. Many things disturb us

An Apology of David, [unclear] book. The apology of the prophet

On Solomon, [unclear] book. It is quite wonderful, most beloved

On the Mysteries for the Initiated, [unclear] book. Concerning morals daily

On the Sacraments, [unclear] book. Concerning the sacraments which

On Pastoral Care, [unclear] book. If anyone, brothers, of the oracle

On the Faith, to Gratian, [unclear] book. The Queen of the South came

On the Holy Spirit, [unclear] book. Jerubbaal under the tree

On Faith and the Creed, [unclear] book. Many indeed, and [unclear]

On the Incarnation of the Lord, [unclear] book. I desire, brothers, the debt

On the Mystery of Easter, [unclear] book. The mystery of Easter [unclear]

On the Death of His Brother, [unclear] book. We have brought forth, brothers

On the Faith of the Resurrection, [unclear] book. In the previous book something

On Penitence, [unclear] book. If that is the end of virtues

An Exhortation to Penitence, [unclear] book. I admonish you, brothers

On Virgins, [unclear] book. If according to the heavenly [unclear]

On Widows, [unclear] book. It has happened well, brothers

An Exhortation to Virgins, [unclear] book. He who to the great banquet

To a Devoted Virgin, [unclear] book. Hear, daughter, and see; and

To a Fallen Virgin, [unclear] book. Hear me now, you who

Against Symmachus, [unclear] book. Ambrose the bishop, blessed [unclear]

A Consolatory Work for Valentinian, [unclear] book. And if the increase

Against Auxentius, [unclear] book. Dalmatius [unclear] me

On Handing Over the Basilicas, [unclear] book. I see you, contrary to custom

On the Instruction of a Virgin, [unclear] book. You commend to me a pledge

On the Death of Theodosius, [unclear] book. This disturbance [unclear] for us

On the Instruction of Priests, [unclear] book. You have undertaken the priestly office. Concerning cir-

Abbot of Sponheim.

On Circumcision, one book. “No small [unclear].” On the Synagogue, to Theodosius, one book. “The army always with continual [unclear].” The Revelation of Gervasius and Protasius, two books. “To the lady sister, of life and [unclear].” On the Passion of Saint Agnes, one book. “Ambrose to virgins [unclear].” On Choosing a Pontiff, one book. On Judgments, one book. On holy Job, one book. On the Forty-Two Stations, one book. Of hymns and prefaces, [unclear] books. On the Epistles of Paul, fourteen books. On the psalm “Blessed are the undefiled,” two books. “Although also by mystical [unclear].” Letters to various persons, ten books. “You admonish well, brother.” On the Gospel of Luke, ten books. “About to write on the book of the Gospel [unclear].” Of many sermons, [unclear] books. “We gladly preach [unclear].” On certain Psalms, six books.

He also published some other works, which have not come to my knowledge. Finally, he is said to have made Hegesippus and certain others Latin from the Greek. He flourished under the most merciful emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 380.

Philastrius, bishop of Brescia, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, known and familiar to blessed Ambrose of Milan, whom Saint Augustine mentions in a certain letter to Quodvultdeus, wrote for the common benefit certain excellent little works, of which I do not recall that any has come into our hands. There is said to be an outstanding work of his, as blessed Augustine, in the place cited above, attests, which he wrote:

On 156 Heresies, one book. “The Simonians from Simon [unclear].”

The rest I have not seen. He flourished under the most Christian emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 380.

Evagrius, monk, disciple of Saint Macarius the Egyptian, afterward bishop of Antioch, a man in every respect most learned, instructed in both secular and divine writings, skilled in Greek and Latin speech, even in the episcopate preserving the austerity of his former life, was of such abstinence that he was regarded as a marvel. He was the first to commit the life of the holy fathers to writing, and from his own vein he published many little works. Of these, however, very few have come to my knowledge. The following are reported as his:

To the Anchorites, very useful, one book. On the Eight Principal Vices, one book. Also to the Cenobites, [unclear], one book. Exhortations to a Virgin, [unclear] books. He made the Life of Antony Latin, one book. “The presbyter Evagrius [unclear].” On the Life of the Holy Fathers, one book. [unclear] Commentaries on the Proverbs of Solomon.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He also wrote many other works, and translated from Greek into Latin works unknown to us. He flourished under the emperor Gratian, in the year of the Lord 380.

Maximus, bishop of Constantinople, an Alexandrian by nation, a distinguished philosopher and theologian, in whose praise Gregory Nazianzen published a book, having suffered many injuries from the Arians [unclear], and at last driven from his bishopric, wrote much against them. Of these there survives an excellent work addressed to Gratian:

Against the Arians, one book. The rest are unknown to me. He flourished in Greece under the emperor Gratian, in the year of the Lord 380.

Ambrose, a priest, an Alexandrian by nation, formerly a hearer and disciple of Didymus the Blind, learned the divine Scriptures magnificently while he expounded them, and composed various explanations of them, which at that time were held in great esteem among the Greeks. Of these the following are current among us:

Commentaries on Job, one book. Against Apollinaris of Laodicea, one book.

He flourished under the emperors Theodosius and Arcadius, in the year of the Lord [400?].

Petronius, bishop of Bologna, a monk in manner of life, very learned and eloquent in the divine Scriptures, and revered no less for holiness than for knowledge, because he shone with many miracles in life and after death, as is read in his history, wrote, among other works:

On the Life of the Holy Fathers, one book. On the Ordination of a Bishop, one book.

And other works unknown to us. He died under Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 383, in the thirteenth indiction.

Pachomius (Gennadius calls him Pachumius), abbot and a most magnificent founder of the monks of his time, founder of many monasteries, and a man of most holy manner of life, shining with many miracles in life and after death, since he was a learned man and instructed in the divine Scriptures, wrote many letters for the edification of the brothers; of these the following are reported:

To Cornelius the abbot, a letter. To the provosts of the monasteries, a letter. To Syrus the abbot, a letter. To the brothers working outside, a letter.

Also a Rule for Monks, one book.

He flourished under the emperors Valentinian and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 390.

Aurelius Clemens Prudentius, a Christian poet, a man most learned in secular literature and sufficiently skilled in the divine Scriptures, excellent in meter and prose, having been held for fifty-seven years by the loves of the world, read and expounded many little works of the poets, and from his own vein wrote many profound poems.

Of the Abbot of Spanheim

But at last, in old age, having rejected the vanity of the world, he betook himself to the sacred Scriptures, and in verse and prose expounded many hidden things of both Testaments. He wrote many little works; among these, with the measure of the meter supplied, I found the following:

Against Symmachus the Idolater, one book. “Paul, herald of God.”

On Compunction, one book. “The faithful old man first.”

On the Divinity, one book. “God is three supreme things.”

Against the Patripassians, one book. “There are very many, but.”

Against the Sabellians, one book. “Yield, profaner.”

Against the Jews, one book. “These things, if Jewish, if in.”

Against the Homuncionites, one book. “There are some who [unclear] with Jewish [unclear].”

Against the Phantastics, one book. “There is reward for the work [unclear].”

On the Origin of Sins, one book.

On the Hexaemeron, six books.

Of Various Hymns, two books. “The winged messenger of day [announces] the light.”

Praises of Saint Lawrence, two books. “Blessed martyr, look forth.” “Romanus, brave man of Christ.”

Praises of Romanus against the Gentiles, one book. “The ancient [unclear] of shrines.”

Of Histories, one book. “Eve was a dove.”

On the Nature of the Soul, one book. “Here a doubter meets.”

On the Resurrection of the Flesh, one book. “I ask for my own in Christ.”

On the Martyrs, one book. “Written things are in heaven.”

He also wrote not a few letters.

The Hamartigenia, one book. “Whatever errs [that] souls.”

On the Hope of Pardon, or his prayer, one book. “Brothers, Ephebus the digger.”

Against the Marcionites, one book. “O [unclear] parent.”

Peristephanon, one book. “Whither does [unclear] hurl you.”

Enchiridion of the New and Old Testament, which some also call [Diptychaion?].

John, monk and priest of Damascus, a learned and holy man, of whom marvelous things are told, held in great esteem because of the excellence of his doctrine and the purity of his life, appointed [unclear] of the monks at Constantinople, turned many away from iniquity. He wrote in the Greek language some little works of profound meaning, but few of them have come into our hands. I have read only that excellent work [unclear].

40 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Four books of The Tradition of the Orthodox Faith. “No one has ever seen God.” One book of the History of Barlaam and Josaphat. Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He also wrote one book On Logic; one book, Introduction of Dignities; one book On the Two Wills and Operations in Christ, etc.; an epistle or one book On the Trisagion; one book On the Hundred Heresies; one book On the Dispute of a Christian and a Saracen; one book of very compunctive hymns; one sermon On Those Who Have Departed Hence in Christ, That They Are Greatly Helped by Sacred Offices and by the Good Deeds of the Living. Of all these works, together with certain others, recently printed at Cologne by the Quentel presses, a good part had nowhere been printed before these days, so that you may readily believe the Abbot when he says that he had not seen them; but as to the time at which he asserts this author lived, and likewise as to the other Damascene placed below in his own place, you will not readily believe him.

He flourished under Theodosius, that most devout prince, in the year of the Lord 390.

Ticonius the African, whom blessed Augustine, in the first book On Christian Doctrine, records as having belonged to the Donatist party, although in certain matters he disagreed with them, was certainly a sharp-witted man and very much practiced in the divine Scriptures. He wrote not a few little works, of which these are reported, namely: one book On Civil War; one book, an exposition of diverse causes; one book On the Apocalypse of John; one book of rules for sacred Scripture; several letters to various persons; and many other things.

He flourished when Theodosius and his sons were ruling, in the year of the Lord 390.

Heraclides the monk, a man holy in conduct and distinguished in learning in the divine Scriptures, a most diligent investigator and imitator of the holy fathers, anchorites and monks, who, like a resourceful bee, gathering from the way of life of each one the flowers of virtues into the little hive of his breast, produced the honey of spiritual sweetness. Among other things, for the edification of readers, he wrote an outstanding work on the life and conduct of the holy fathers living in the desert or in a monastery under a rule, whose title is:

Paradise, one book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Gratian, in the year of the Lord 580.

Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium, a man very studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and sufficiently imbued with secular letters, and worthy of the priesthood no less by his way of life than by his knowledge of the Scriptures, wrote, among other things, a useful work On the Holy Spirit.

The Abbot of Spanheim

One book On the Holy Spirit.

Of the other things which he is said to have composed, nothing has come to my knowledge.

There are, however, extant in Italy sermons by the same author, which follow: On the Life and Miracles of Basil the Great; On the Sinful Woman Who Anointed the Lord, Against the Pharisee; That One Must Not Despair; certain orations and hymns, all in Greek.

He flourished in the times of the devout emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 390.

Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, a city of Cyprus, a man sufficiently learned in the divine Scriptures, was of such sanctity that he deserved to be illumined by the spirit of prophecy and to become a worker of many miracles. He was a very close friend of blessed Jerome and wrote several letters to him. If anyone desires to know his deeds, let him read the Tripartite History. He composed some little works, of which these are reported:

One book On the Eighty Heresies. “The Simonians, from Simon.” Two books Against All Heresies. One book On the Errors of Origen. One book To Theophilus of Alexandria. One book of letters to various persons. “To the lord, most beloved son.” And certain other things.

He flourished under Theodosius, that most religious prince, in the year 390.

There is extant by the same Epiphanius a Greek book, translated by Albanus Torinus, On the Life of the Prophets and Evangelists.

Theophilus, the twenty-first bishop of the church of Alexandria, a man devoted to the Scriptures, a very fierce opponent of the Origenists, who is said to have had great discord with Saint John Chrysostom and, after he had been driven from the episcopate by intrigues, to have compelled him to die in exile, as is contained more fully in the histories of the ancients. He is reported to have written certain little works, of which few have come to my knowledge. There is extant his one book of letters to various persons on various matters. “To the lord most beloved, a.” One book On Easter.

He also produced many other things, as is gathered from the letter of blessed Jerome directed to him, in which he asks that they be sent to him either to be read or to be translated. He flourished under the princes Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year 390.

Antiochus, bishop of a certain city, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly instructed in secular letters, whose conduct commended his teaching to his people, wr[ote]

On Ecclesiastical Writers

...wrote for the edification of readers certain distinguished volumes, of which these are considered the more important:

Against Avarice, 2 books. On the Illumination of the Man Born Blind, 1 book. Several Homilies to the People, 1 book. And other works unknown to us. He flourished under the emperors Theodosius and Arcadius, in the year 390.

Macarius, an Egyptian monk and formerly a disciple of the blessed father Antony, a devout man of most holy way of life, about whom many miracles are told, and how he even obtained the voices of the dead from tombs for the confirmation of the faith, sent to all religious men a useful letter, which is: To Monks, as one book. “In the first place indeed [unclear].” And other letters to others. He flourished in great holiness under the emperors Constantine and Constantius, in the year of the Lord 350. His deeds are contained in the Lives of the Fathers.

Faustinus, a priest, a man very learned in the sacred scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, of the Luciferian party, and for that reason deservedly blameworthy, wrote many excellent volumes, which are judged useful for the refutation of heretics; of these I have found only the titles of a few:

Against the Arians and Macedonians, 7 books. An Apology to Valentinian, one book.

He flourished under Valentinian and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 390.

Jerome, priest and monk, born of his father Eusebius, from the town of Stridon, a man learned in secular literature and, among all the doctors, most learned in the divine scriptures, remarkable for his knowledge of many languages, interpreter of the sacred law, hammer of heretics and most powerful assailant: he is the true evangelical steward, faithful and prudent, who, bringing forth from his treasury things new and old, and giving to his fellow servants in due season the measure of spiritual wheat, despoiled the proud Hebrews and enriched the humble Latins. He is the distinguished doctor of the Church of Christ, who, with his pious mother Rebecca, that is, the grace of God, brought forth the garments of Esau, wandering astray through the byways of errors, laid away idly at home, and clothed meek Jacob, faithful and serving Christ. He is Jerome, the sincere lover of Jesus Christ, who, passing no time idly, meditated day and night on the law of the Lord, and, scarcely allowing his body necessary sleep, always by day and night wrote, read, taught, or prayed, as the almost countless books that he published testify. This defender of truth, cultivator of virtue, most bitter enemy of vices,

Abbot of Spanheim

when he was a priest of the Roman Church and was steadfastly accusing the crimes of the clerics, withdrew from the city because of their envy; and coming into Judea, he visited the glorious sepulcher of the Lord, and, establishing for himself a dwelling-place beside the manger at Bethlehem, became known in glory to the whole world, divine providence arranging this, namely, that there the light of the world should rest where the true sun of righteousness had become known to human beings by being born. A holy and fitting inhabitant of the most holy place, firm in faith, kindled with charity, mature in conduct, who could not be led astray by prosperity, whom no adversity ever cast down from his holy purpose. But why do I, a foul praiser, touch the holy head of the man with impure lips? It would have been more humble for me to be silent than to speak insufficiently about so holy a man. Now therefore let us set down in order what we have found concerning his writings and little works; of these there are:

On Faith, to Damasus, 1 book. “We believe in God the Father.”

On the Faith of the Nicene Council, 1 book. “We believe in one God.” “Almighty God the Father.”

On the Essence of the Trinity, 1 book. “Very few days.”

Against Jovinian, 2 books.

Against Helvidius, 1 book. “Recently, asked by the brothers.”

Against Vigilantius, 1 book. “Many monsters in the world.” “It comes very near that he who.”

Against the Luciferian, 1 book. “Not boldly, as falsely.” “Already written to Ctesiphon.” “About ten years ago.” “If according to the apostle Paul.” “Both by your letters and those of many.” “Having read the letters of your prudence.” “That up to now to you.” “Never, Oceanus, would he himself.” “To the most blessed Pope Damasus.” “You sent me a volume.” “In the previous letter which.” “In the seventy-seventh Psalm, which.” “Among the letters of your Blessedness.” “My son Apodemius.” “You ask me that for you.” “Now in the very moment of departure.” [unclear]

On the Same, 1 book. On Virginity and Marriage, 1 book. On the Vision of Isaiah, 1 book. On Melchizedek, 1 book. On True Circumcision, 1 book. On the Forty-Two Stations, 1 book. On the Prodigal Son, 1 book. On Twelve Questions, 1 book. On Eleven Questions, 1 book. On Anna and Joachim, 1 book. On the Resurrection of the Flesh, 1 book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On Peter's being reproved by Paul, one book. Opening words: To the lord, truly holy and blessed. To Cyprianus on Psalm 89, one book. Opening words: First, Cyprianus, [unclear]. On Psalm 44, one book. Opening words: I know that I [unclear] the beginnings. On the chains of blessed Peter, one book. Opening words: By very frequent request. On Hebrew places, one book. Opening words: Eusebius, who by blessed [Pamphilus?]. On [unclear] temptations in the desert, one book. Opening words: These are the words which. On illustrious men, one book. Opening words: You urge me, Dexter, to [Tranquillus?]. On the principal writers, one book. Opening words: You now wish to receive, my brother. On the best kind of translating, one book. Opening words: The apostle Paul, being present. On the correction of the Psalter, one book. Opening words: To the most beloved brothers. On all the books of the Bible, one book. Opening words: Brother Ambrose, your [unclear]. On the perfect man, one book. Opening words: Behold, therefore, I write to you. On obedience and an oath, one book. Opening words: My presumption. On three virtues, one book. Opening words: Three virtues, in a certain way. On the instruction of a daughter, one book. Opening words: The blessed apostle Paul. On honoring parents, one book. Opening words: By the merits of parents [unclear]. On the life of clerics, to Nepotianus, one book. Opening words: You ask of me, Nepotianus. On the same matter, to Oceanus, one book. Opening words: Sophronius Eusebius. To Rusticus on the life of a bishop, one book. Opening words: To be sufficient, indeed, for faith. The rule for a nun, to Eustochium, one book. Opening words: Growing lukewarm in the limbs. On virginity, to Eustochium, one book. Opening words: Hear, daughter, and see, and. Likewise on virginity, one book. Opening words: How great [unclear] in the heavenly places. To Demetrias on the same matter, one book. Opening words: Among all your subjects which. On the right manner of living, one book. Opening words: The old [unclear] of Scripture. On widowhood, to Furia, one book. Opening words: You beseech by letters and [unclear]. On monogamy, one book. Opening words: On the old road a new [unclear]. To Heliodorus, not yet a bishop, one book. Opening words: With how much love and zeal. On the Paschal candle, one book. Opening words: Jerome to brother [Praesidius?]. On monastic life, to Rusticus, one book. Opening words: Nothing [is] [unclear] for a Christian. A consolation for a sick friend, one book. Opening words: Although most certainly [unclear]. On continence, to Rusticus, one book. Opening words: Because an unknown man [writes] to an unknown man. To the fallen Susanna, one book. Opening words: Why are you silent, soul? Why. To Sabinianus, the fallen deacon, one book. Opening words: Samuel once mourned. On the two sons, one book. Opening words: Of all, indeed, [unclear]. On eighty-four heresies, one book. Opening words: The Simoniacs from Simon. Against heretics, one book. Opening words: Everything that is either [unbegotten?]. Against Montanus, one book. Opening words: Testimonies concerning John. On the origin of the soul, to Augustine, one book. Opening words: To the lord, truly holy and blessed.

The Abbot of Sponheim

On monastic life, one book. Opening words: A good man from the [treasure?]. On the assumption of Saint Mary, one book. Opening words: You compel me, O Paula. On the testament of Gerontius, one book. Opening words: All my senses. The life of Paul, the first hermit, one book. Opening words: Among many, often. The life of Saint Hilarion, one book. Opening words: About to write the life of blessed [unclear]. The life of the captive monk, one book. Opening words: He who in a naval battle [unclear]. The life of Saint Paula, one book. Opening words: If all the [parts] of my body. On the woman struck seven times, one book. Opening words: Often from me, innocent [unclear]. The life of the holy fathers, one book. Opening words: Blessed be God, who. On the death of Nebridius, one book. Opening words: I fear lest the duty [unclear]. On the life and death of Marcella, one book. Opening words: Often and much [unclear]. The epitaph of Nepotianus, one book. Opening words: Great subjects. The epitaph of Fabiola, one book. Opening words: There are many years which [unclear]. Interpretations of Hebrew names, one book. Opening words: Philo, the most eloquent. On the faith and way of life of Christians, one book. Opening words: Glorious David in the Psalms. On humility and patience, one book. Opening words: Although to me much [unclear]. A chronicle of every kind of history, one book. Opening words: Eusebius Hieronymus. A chronicle, in every way alphabetically, one book. Opening words: Aleph: a thousand, or teaching. To Marcella on [five?] questions, one book. Opening words: You call us forth to great things. On questions of Genesis, three books. Opening words: He who in the beginnings of the book. On questions of Kings, two books. Opening words: There was a certain man from Ramah. On questions of Paralipomenon, one book. Opening words: To Heber two were born. On the Song of Deborah, one book. Opening words: And Deborah sang. On the prophet Isaiah, eighteen books. Opening words: After [unclear] had been completed, scarcely [unclear] for a long time. On Jeremiah, twenty books. Opening words: After the explanation of the twelve. On Ezekiel, fourteen books. Opening words: After the eighteen books on Isaiah had been finished. On Daniel, two books. Opening words: Against the prophet Daniel. On the prophet Hosea, three books. Opening words: If in the explanations. On Joel, one book. Opening words: The order of the twelve prophets is not the same. On the prophet Amos, one book. Opening words: The prophet Amos, who follows. On Obadiah, one book. Opening words: When I was a little child. On Jonah, one book. Opening words: About three years have passed. On Micah, two books. Opening words: In the times of Jonathan. On the prophet Nahum, one book. Opening words: According to the Seventy translators. On Habakkuk, two books. Opening words: First, [to] Chromatius [unclear] of bishops. On Zephaniah, one book. Opening words: The word of the Lord that came. On Haggai, one book. Opening words: Jeremiah the prophet [unclear]. On Zechariah, three books. Opening words: In the second year of Darius.

46 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On Malachi, one book. “God through Moses [to the] people...” On Ecclesiastes, one book. “I remember myself before this...” On the Proverbs of Solomon, five books. “The Greek parables [unclear]...” On the Song of Songs, three books. “A little epithalamium book...” On the Gospel of Matthew, four books. “It must be known, lest anyone [unclear]...” On the Gospel of Mark, one book. “Every learned scribe...” On the Gospel of Luke, one book. On the Gospel of John, one book. On the four Gospels anagogically, four books. “First it must be asked...” On Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, five books. On the two Epistles to the Corinthians, two books. On the Epistle to the Galatians, five books. “Very few days...” On the Epistle to the Ephesians, five books. “A wise man, what...” On the Epistle to the Philippians, one book. On the Epistle to the Colossians, one book. On the Epistles to the Thessalonians, four books. On the two Epistles to Timothy, five books. On the Epistle to Titus, one book. “Although they are not worthy...” On the Epistle to Philemon, one book. “Those who do not wish among the epistles...” On the Epistle to the Hebrews, one book. On the Acts of the Apostles, one book. On the Apocalypse, seven books. On the Canonical Epistles, seven books. On certain Psalms, six books. “The whole Psalter [unclear]...” On the priestly garment, one book. “Even to this day in the reading...” To Dardanus, on the land of promise, one book. “You ask, Dardanus...” Letters to various persons, one book. “What up to now to you has not...” Several sermons, one book. “Since the ancient east...”

These are the writings of the most blessed doctor Jerome which at present occurred to us to record. Nor do we doubt that he wrote more, which are not contained in this catalogue, chiefly for this reason: that they either remained unknown to us or dispersed among many things. For among all the doctors of the Church none was of more benefit than Jerome, who, besides innumerable small works, translated the Old Testament from Hebrew into Latin, corrected the New according to the Greek truth, and faithfully offered it to the Church to be read. He also made many volumes of the Greeks Latin, namely those of Origen, Josephus the Jew, Eusebius of Caesarea, Didymus of Alexandria, Victorinus the martyr, and others.

At last, after many labors, full of days, he died under the rulers Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 422, in the fifth indiction, on the last day of the month of September, at the hour of Compline, in the ninety-ninth year of his age; he was buried at Bethlehem, shining with many miracles. Eusebius, his disciple, described his life.

47 The Abbot of Spanheim

Audientius, a Spanish bishop, a man having a mind exercised in the divine Scriptures, wrote against the Manichaeans, Sabellians, and Arians, yet with his principal intention against the Photinians, who afterward were called Bonosians, an outstanding work, which is entitled On the Faith against Heretics, one book.

He also published certain other works, which have come to my knowledge.

Rufinus the monk, priest of the church of Aquileia, an eloquent man, very learned in the divine Scriptures, skilled in Greek and Latin speech, was of no small reputation among the ecclesiastical doctors. Although his writings are many, nevertheless they are counted among the apocrypha, distinction 15, Sancta Romana, because he wrote invective letters against the most holy man Jerome, as can be understood from the reading of them. But afterward, when they returned into the concord of brotherly love, the little works of Rufinus were made authentic, insofar as they were not contrary to the sayings of Jerome. Concerning the writings of Rufinus, therefore, the following are reported:

On the prophet Hosea, one book. On the prophet Amos [unclear]. On the prophet Joel, one book. “To me indeed, most faithful...” On his faith, to Bishop Laurentius, one book. “I have read your writings...” Invectives against Jerome, one book. “I heard certain persons, when...” On his faith, to Anastasius, one book. On the sacraments, one book. On the blessings of the patriarchs, one book. Additions to the Ecclesiastical History, two books. An exhortation to Proba, one book. [unclear]. He flourished in the times of the emperors Arcadius and Honorius. Letters to various persons, two books.

He is said to have composed many other things besides, but they have not come into our hands. He also translated into Latin the volumes of many Greeks, namely of Clement, Origen, Basil, Gregory the Great, bishop, Pamphilus the martyr, Eusebius of Caesarea, Evagrius, Sixtus the philosopher, and many others, all of which he marked with his own prefaces and prefixed letters. He flourished in the times of the emperors Arcadius and Honorius; he wrote many and various works, in the year of the Lord 400.

John, bishop of Constantinople, once, while still a priest at Antioch, a hearer and disciple of Eusebius, bishop of Nyssa, who because of the charm of his speech is named Chrysostom, that is, “golden mouth,” a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, was of excellent ability in delivering homilies to the people, distinguished no less for holiness than for learning, and was held by the people in great reverence and love. This most blessed bishop endured many wrongs from Theophilus of Alexandria, and by his fraudulent and deceitful machinations [unclear].

48 On Ecclesiastical Writers

... he was driven from his episcopate into exile, as is found in his Life and in the Tripartite History. He wrote many volumes in the Greek language, of which I, at least among the Latins, have seen the following:

On compunction, 2 books. “When I behold you, blessed ...”; book 1. “Who will give to my head ...”

That no one is harmed except by himself, 1 book. “I know that for the coarser ...”

On the restoration of one fallen, 2 books. “As Matthew reports ...”; “Those who [enter] contests ...”

On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. “In many ways and by many ...”; “There is undoubtedly nothing ...”

On the Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews, 1 book. “Indeed it had been necessary ...”; “For my part, many ...”

To Stagyrius the monk, on [unclear], 3 books. “Always indeed, but now ...”

On the priesthood, with Basil, 6 books. “That living creature which in ...”; “There was a certain man ...”

To Eutropius also, 1 book. “On this day the Lord ...”; “Painters imitate ...”

On the beginning of Mark, 1 book. “Always indeed the eyes ...”; “Praise the Lord in his holy places ...”

On blessed Job, 1 homily. “But truly, dear brothers ...”; “Among certain ancients ...”

On the ascent of Elijah, 1 homily. “Because the beautiful ...”; “The discourse of the three boys ...”

On the seven Maccabees, 1 homily. “Meadows and wooded places ...”; “Brothers, in a deep sleep ...”

On the three boys, 1 homily. “Many storms ...”; “Woe to the world because of scandals ...”

On Psalm 122, 1 homily. “Of John it is said: There was ...”; “As the body to the head ...”

On blessed Job, 1 homily. “It is indeed pleasant to those born ...”

On the rich man and the poor man, 1 homily. “The instruction of discipline ...”; “Many waves indeed ...”

On the resurrection of Lazarus, 1 homily. “Good indeed and useful are ...”; “All men who themselves ...”

On the Canaanite woman, 1 homily. “All indeed concerning the Scriptures ...”; “Blessed be God, behold ...”

On the scandals of this world, 1 homily.

To the neophytes, 1 homily.

On Saint John the Baptist, 1 homily.

On receiving Severianus the bishop, 1 homily.

On fasting and the reading of Genesis, 1 homily.

On the instruction of discipline, 1 homily.

When his exile was being treated of, 1 homily.

On spiritual warfare, 1 homily.

On Christian warfare, 1 homily.

On the father and two sons, 1 homily.

On the tur-

The Abbot of Sponheim

On the turtle-dove, 1 homily. “The turtle-dove, lover of the wilderness ...”

On his return from Asia, 1 homily. “That great Moses ...”

After the return from the first exile, 1 homily. “What shall I say, what shall I speak ...”

On faith in Christ, 1 homily. “If you believe that God [unclear] ...”

On the betrayal of Judas, 1 homily. “Today a few necessary things ...”

On the Lord’s cross, 1 homily. “What shall I say, what shall I speak ...”

On the ascension of the Lord, 1 homily. “When from our cross he proceeded ...”

On Pentecost, 1 homily. “Today for us the earth has become ...”

On the Nativity of the Lord, 2 homilies. “And she laid him in a manger ...”

On the beheading of John, 1 homily. “Alas for me, what shall I do ...”

On the dignity of the first man, 1 homily. “The dignity of human ...”

On the fall of the first man, 1 homily. “There is no one who does not know from the beginning ...”

On the faith of Abraham, 1 homily. “Faith is the [unclear] of religion ...”

On Jacob and Esau, 1 homily. “Rebecca was carrying ...”

On Joseph, 1 homily. “He is sent by Jacob his father ...”

On the mercy of God, 1 homily. “Give thanks to the Lord, because ...”

Against avarice, 1 homily. “They must be overthrown by us ...”

On the cause of sin, 1 homily. “Come now, if you please ...”

On gluttony and pleasures, 1 homily. “The body for us, the rest ...”

On humanity and mercy, 1 homily. “Hear, brothers, Paul ...”

On fleeing vain glory, 1 homily. “What at last is vain glory ...”

How we may be pleasing to God, 1 homily. “Thanks are through us to God ...”

That the merits of parents harm no one, 4 homilies. “Let us imitate Paul also ...”

Against despair, 1 homily. “If anyone by nature in the mind ...”

On giving alms, 1 homily. “Why [unclear] alms ...”

On blessing those who speak ill, 1 homily. “I must groan when ...”

On restraining concupiscence, 1 homily. “You have been awakened from sleep ...”

On mercy toward the poor, 1 homily. “Of what, then, are they worthy ...”

On avoiding scandal, 1 homily. “Turn your soul, how much ...”

On loving more with the heart than with the mouth, 1 homily. “Let us join ourselves ...”

On consolations, 1 homily. “Just as with food ...”

On distributing riches, 1 homily. “If craftsmen who by hand ...”

On praising God with formed faith, 1 homily. “Let us also imitate the father ...”

On the love of God, 1 homily. “Let us also pursue above ...”

On the rewards of the saints and Gehenna, 1 homily. “By no means equally the same [unclear] ...”

On concealing good works, 1 homily. “The management of your affairs ...”

On hope and presumption, 1 homily. “Let no one despair if through ...”

On contempt of the world, 1 homily. “As he says in ...”

On cha-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On charity, one homily: “Charity [is] the best [unclear].” Of exhortation to the good life, one homily: “[unclear].” To Theodorus the monk, one book: “[unclear].” To Cyriacus the bishop, on exile, one book: “[unclear].”

He is also said to have written many homilies, sermons, and innumerable letters, which have not come into our hands.

Letters, two books. Thirty-five homilies at the beginning of Lent. Ethics. Expositions on Isaiah. Two manuscript sermons on Jeremiah are extant at Bologna in the library of San Salvatore. At Rome, in the papal library, four Greek volumes are preserved. A homily on προστυχὴ, [unclear], from the third up to the thirty-eighth.

At length, after many labors and holy exercises, through the deceit of Theophilus of Alexandria and of the empress Eudoxia, he died in exile in Pontus, on the Kalends of February, in the year of the Lord 411, in the ninth indiction.

Severianus, bishop of Gabala, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, and an admirable teacher in delivering homilies to the people, was of incredible eloquence; whence he was frequently summoned by the emperor Arcadius to Constantinople by the aforesaid blessed bishop John, to preach. To him Saint John commended his people when he was being driven into exile, venerating not only his doctrine but the merit of his life. Severianus, however, commending himself to the people more than was fitting, supplied kindling for discord between him and John. But when the patriarch returned from exile, they returned to the bonds of brotherly love, as the homily delivered above in the church of Constantinople testifies. Of the writings of Severianus, a most learned man, few are possessed among the Latins; still fewer have come into our hands.

On the Epistle to the Galatians, one book. On baptism and Epiphany, one book. In the church of Constantinople, one homily. On the advent of the Lord, [unclear]. On the death of the innocents, one homily: “To what end zeal tends, to what [unclear].”

There are extant among us certain other homilies of his, brief indeed, but very useful. Concerning his other little works, though many are reported, I have as yet found nothing. He flourished under Arcadius and Honorius, at the time of John Chrysostom, in the year of the Lord 406.

Vitellius Afer, defending the Donatist schism, a man indeed well exercised in the divine Scriptures, would have composed doctrine useful enough if he had remained in ecclesiastical unity. But because he denounced true Catholics as persecutors and, as it were, betrayers, he was deservedly despised together with his volumes. The following volumes from his writings are extant:

Against the nations, one book. That the servants of God are hated by the world, one book. A complaint against our own people, one book. He is said to have composed many other volumes besides, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Constans, son of Constantine the Great, emperor, in the year of the Lord 360.

Theodotus, presbyter of the church of Antioch, a learned and eloquent man, and practiced in the reading of the ancient authors, wrote against the Apollinarists and Eunomians a most elegant volume, in which by very clear reasoning and authority he refuted the depraved doctrines of the heretics. He entitled this magnificent and notable work:

On the incarnation of the Lord, fifteen books.

He is said to have written many other things also, which have not come to my knowledge.

Acrobius, presbyter, and afterward hidden bishop of the Donatists in the city of Rome, while he was still a presbyter in the Church of God, wrote to the confessors and to the virgins of Christ a volume, moral indeed, but very necessary, of doctrine; in it he chiefly deals with and treats [unclear]. To show that there is one principle, and that nothing material was created from any other source than God, he wrote a sufficiently elegant and notable work, which he entitled On the natures of primordial things, one book.

He flourished first among our people at Rome, afterward among his own Donatists, the Montenses of Africa.

Heliodorus, once a presbyter, studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, sufficiently sharp in disputation and of a vehement intellect in the scholastic manner, [unclear].

[Unclear], after the death of [unclear], provost of his monasteries, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, a vigorous governor of regular discipline, and venerable no less for sanctity than for doctrine, wrote lucid sermons on the holy Scriptures to the monasteries:

Letters of exhortation, three.

He is said also to have written several other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Theodorus the monk, disciple of blessed Pachomius, and, after the death of that man, [unclear], distinguished both in life and in learning, wrote for the instruction of monks a work seasoned with divine salt and furnished with the instruments of the whole monastic discipline, which we may entitle [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Instruction of Monks, one book. If he wrote anything more, I do not know. He flourished under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 420.

John Cassian, a Scythian by nation, formerly a hearer and disciple of blessed John Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople, and ordained deacon by him, after some years was expelled by the same man for I know not what cause. Consecrated priest at Marseilles, he founded two monasteries, one of men and one of women, in which a great fervor of regular discipline remained for many years. With experience as his teacher he wrote several little works, in which the grace of eloquence is apparent even in the translator. Among these are counted: at the request of Leo the archdeacon, afterward bishop of the city of Rome, he wrote against Nestorius the heretic:

On the Incarnation of the Lord, seven books. On the Institutes of Monks, four books. “On the institutes and [unclear]” On the Eight Capital Vices, eight books. “The fifth, with [unclear] helping us” Conferences of the Holy Fathers, twenty-four books. “When in the desert of Scete”

In these conferences of the saints there is useful and necessary instruction for monks; but because he is censured by blessed Prosper on certain points concerning freedom of the will, his little works are counted among the apocrypha. At length, after the publication of many books, he died at Marseilles, not without a reputation for sanctity, while Theodosius and Valentinian were reigning, in the year of the Lord 455.

Lucian, priest of the church of Jerusalem, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and most holy in life and conduct, to whom in the times of Honorius and Theodosius almighty God revealed the place of the tomb and relics of the most holy protomartyr Stephen, is said to have written some little works. Of these there survives a lengthy letter:

On the Discovery of Saint Stephen, one book. “Lucian the priest”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He wrote that revelation itself in the Greek language; Avitus, a priest Spanish by birth, translated it into the Latin tongue and, with his own letter added, sent it through Orosius to the easterners to be read. He flourished under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, around the year of the Lord 410.

Severus the priest, surnamed Sulpicius, born from the province of Aquitaine, a man noble in birth and letters and distinguished by love of poverty and humility, dear also to the holy men Martin, bishop of Tours, and Paulinus, bishop of Nola, in his old age was deceived by the Pelagians; and recognizing the fault of loquacity, [he kept] silence until dea-

ABBOT OF SPONHEIM. [running head]

…held [silence] until death, that the sin which he had contracted by speaking he might wholesomely amend by keeping silence. He wrote little works of no contemptible reading, of which the following are reported: On the life of St Martin the bishop: 3 books. ["Very many of mortals…"] The Conference of Postumianus and Gallus: 4 books. ["When into one place I…"] Of letters to [his] Sister: 1 book. Of letters to various [persons]: 1 book. To Paulinus, bishop of Nola: 2 books. He is said to have written also some others, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished with Saint Martin, archbishop of Tours, under the princes Arcadius [and] Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Ausonius, bishop of Bordeaux, a man most erudite in the divine Scriptures, second to none of his time in secular letters, excelling in verse [and] prose, shone forth renowned no less for sanctity than for erudition; who at Trier, in a council under the prince Maximus, together with the saints Martin, Ambrose of Milan, [and] Jerome the presbyter, did many illustrious things. He wrote there, among other metrical [works], a distinguished little work, which is entitled: The Moselle: 1 book. On the praise of the same homeland: 1 book. But he is reported to have written many other little works, which have by no means come to us. He flourished under Maximus, in the year of the Lord 410.

Augustine, bishop of Hippo, a Carthaginian by nation, in Africa, a man most erudite of all the learned, both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, eloquent in speech, renowned in eloquence, profound in sense, most holy in life [and] conversation; he wrote so many little works that I should believe no one able either to read or to have them all. Whence without doubt he is convicted of lying who confesses that he has found the whole of Augustine. For he precedes all writers in the number [and] usefulness of [his] books, who composed more than a thousand distinguished treatises. No one so profoundly explained sacred Scripture as Augustine. No one so usefully instituted Christian morals, nor did anyone defend the catholic faith more ardently than he. The king led [him] into the wine-cellar, and clothed [him] with such fortitude that he strongly laid low all the adversaries of the faith with the sword of his mouth. If you have him as a teacher, even with the rest lacking, he himself suffices you. Now therefore, of the many books which he published, let us mark down even a few: On the Holy Trinity: 15 books. ["[You who are] about to read these [things]…"] On the City of God: 22 books. ["The most glorious city…"] On the predestination of the saints: 2 books. ["[That] the Apostle indeed said…"] [page 92:] On Genesis according to the letter: 12 books. On Genesis, unfinished: 1 book. On Genesis against the Manichees: 2 books. On the Academics: 3 books. On the blessed life: 1 book. On order: 3 books. Of Soliloquies: 2 books. On the morals of the catholic Church: 2 books. On the quantity of the soul: 1 book. On free will: 3 books. On the teacher: 1 book. On music: 6 books. On true religion: 1 book. On the usefulness of believing: 1 book. On the two souls: 1 book. Acts with Fortunatus the Manichee: 1 book. On faith and the creed: 1 book. On the Lord's sermon on the mount: 2 books. On eighty-three questions: 1 book. A Psalm against the party of Donatus: 1 book. Against the letter of Donatus: 1 book. Against Adamantius: 1 book. On lying: 1 book. Against lying: 1 book. To Simplicianus the bishop: 2 books. Against the letter of the Foundation: 1 book. On the Christian struggle: 1 book. On Christian doctrine: 4 books. Against the party of Donatus: 13 books. Of Confessions: 13 books. Against Faustus the Manichee: 2 books. Against Felix the Manichee: 1 book. On the nature of the good: 1 book. Against Secundinus: 1 book. Against Hilary: 1 book. Questions of the Gospels: 3 books. Of Propositions from the Epistle to the Romans: 1 book. On the Epistle to the Romans, an unfinished work: 1 book. [A column of the incipits of these works follows: "All divine Scripture…"; "On the obscure [things] of natural…"; "If the Manichees should choose…"; "Would that, Romanianus…"; "If to the gate of philosophy…"; etc.]

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the Epistle to the Galatians, one book. Annotations on Job, [unclear] book. On Catechizing the Uninstructed, one book. On the Harmony of the Evangelists, four books. Against the Letter of Parmenianus, three books. On Baptism, against the Donatists, seven books. Against what Centurius brought forward, one book. To the Inquiries of Januarius, two books. On the Work of Monks, one book. On the Good of Marriage, one book. On Virginity, one book. Against the Letters of Petilianus the Donatist, three books. To Cresconius the grammarian, four books. Testimonies against the Donatists, one book. Against some Donatist or other, one book. An Admonition of the Donatists, one book. On the Divination of Demons, one book. Six Questions against the Pagans, one book. On the Epistle of James, one book. On the Baptism of Little Children, one book. A Dialogue of the Church and the Synagogue, one book. On the One Baptism, one book. On the Maximianists against Donatus, one book. On the Grace of the New Testament, one book. On the Spirit and the Letter, one book. On Faith and Works, one book. A Short Account of the Conference with the Donatists, one book. Of the Conference against the Donatists, one book. On Seeing God, one book. A Commonitory of the Donatists, one book. On Nature and Grace, one book. To Orosius, against the Priscillianists, one book. On the Origin of the Soul, to Jerome, two books. To Emeritus, bishop of the Donatists, one book. On the Deeds of Pelagius, one book. On the Correction of the Donatists, one book. On the Presence of God, to Dardanus, one book. On Grace and Original Sin, two books.

The reason for which I wro[te]. His works were great. You asked me, brother, [unclear]. Among all divine author[ities]. Many things indeed at other times to. In the books which against. He says this, because it is written. To the things about which you asked me. To your command, holy brother. Since every human being. The book on the good of marriage. You know that we have often wished. When to you, Cresconius. You who fear to agree. Proofs of things [unclear]. Whoever by slanders [unclear]. On a certain day, in the days. It moves certain people to inquire. To the twelve tribes which. Although in the midst of; Of two matrons. To answer various things. When the Catholic bishops. What still, O Donatists. Mindful of the debt by which. As, being present, I asked. After reading the little works which. To certain people it seems. Our God, who [unclear] us. Together now, brother Emeritus. After it came into my hands. I praise, I rejoice, and; I confess, dearest brother. As much concerning your and [unclear].

56 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Acts with Emeritus the Donatist, one book. Against the Sermon of the Arians, one book. On Marriage and Concupiscence, two books. On Adulterous Marriages, two books. Locutions in the Heptateuch, seven books. Questions on the Heptateuch, seven books. On the Soul and Its Origin, four books. Against the Adversary of the Law and the Prophets, two books. Against Gaudentius the Donatist, two books. Against Two Letters of the Pelagians, four books. Against Julian, bishop of the Pelagians, six books. Enchiridion to Laurentius, one book. On Care for the Dead, one book. On Eight Questions, to Dulcitius, one book. On Grace and Free Will, to the monks, one book. On Correction and Grace, one book. On Twenty-One Sentences of the Scriptures, one book. On the Epicureans and Stoics, one book. On that saying, I am who am, one book. On Faith against the Manichaeans, one book. On Shepherds, one book. On Sheep, one book. Meditations, one book. A Manual on the Word of God, one book. On Contrition of Heart, one book. On Contempt of the World, one book. On the Correspondence of the Ten Plagues, one book. On the True Knowledge of Life, one book. On Faith, to Peter, one book. On the Definitions of Orthodox Faith, one book. On the Christian Life, one book. On the Four Virtues of Charity, one book. On Christian Discipline, one book. On the Ten Strings, one book. On the Vanity of This Age, one book. On the Good of Discipline, one book. On the Incarnation of the Lord, one book. On Sacrifices, to Marcellinus, one book.

To the most glorious Honor[atus?]. Their preceding disputation. The heretics, most beloved. The heretics, most beloved. The first question, brother, is. The first question, brother, is. The locutions of Scripture. The locutions of Scripture. Since the holy Scriptures. Since the holy Scriptures. Your sincerity therefore. Your sincerity therefore. The book which you sent, brother. The book which you sent, brother. Gaudentius the Donatist. Gaudentius the Donatist. I had indeed known you [unclear]. I had indeed known you [unclear]. Your insults. Your insults and. It cannot be said, beloved. It cannot be said, most beloved. For a long time I began to your holiness. As it seems to me. On account of those who [say] that a human being is free. Having read your letter, Valen[tine?]. Everyone who wishes to live blessedly. Everyone who wishes to live blessedly. Consider with us. When the divine reading is read. One God, Father, Son. One God, the Father and of the Son. Our whole hope, by which in. I, a sinner, first. The words which I sang. The desire of charity. Lord my God, grant a heart. The wisdom of God which [unclear]. Since in the midst of a snare. Your letter, son Peter. Nothing is more certain than death, [unclear]. We believe that there is one God. Listen, dearest brothers. I, a sinner, first. It is not without cause. He spoke to us. Your letter, son Peter. Placed in this life, brother. There are many who [unclear] of sound doctrine. I read your letters in. To an illustrious man, for eloquence. To Vin[unclear].

The Abbot of Spanheim.

To Vincentius, one book. To the priest Deogratias, on six questions, one book. On true blessedness, one book. On freeing the accused, to the count, one book. To Dioscorus, one book. To Glorius, Eleusius, and Felix, one book. To Esychius, on the end of the world, one book. To the same, on judgment, one book. To Consentius, on the Trinity, one book. On the Saturday fast, one book. To Hilarius, on questions, one book. On the soul of Christ among the dead, one book. To Evodius, one book. To Sixtus the priest, on grace, one book. To Paulinus, against the Pelagians, one book. To Vitalis, one book. A rebuke of nuns, one book. To Julianus the count, one book. On the custom of the churches, one book. On praying to God, to Proba, one book. On the incarnation of Christ, one book. On the origin of the soul, to Optatus, one book. To the Donatists, one book. To Pascentius the Arian count, one book. A disputation with the same, one book. On avoiding Judaism, one book. On the wonders of sacred Scripture, three books. On true innocence, one book. On the nature of the soul, to John, one book. A rule for nuns, one book. A common rule for canons, [unclear]. Questions of the New and Old Testament, one book. Treatises, or books, on the whole Psalter, 150. On the Gospel of John, 124 homilies. Against five heresies, one book. On eighty-three heresies, one book. To Juliana, on widowhood, one book. I received the letter which To the most sincere brother [unclear] Although the wisdom which Most occupied in the matter You [unclear] of innumerable The Apostle indeed said To your holiness To receive letters [unclear] Of carnal thought I do not know whence it happened From your letters I have learned The question which to me [unclear] If those things which more [unclear] me In the letter which through [unclear] At length sometime he provided When concerning you there were for me As severity is prepared O my dearest brother Having read your letters, where And that you asked [unclear] As far as concerns the eyes Although of your holiness The love of Christ, to which I had indeed wished, at the request Laurentius, a most distinguished man The letters of your holiness How of wonders, as it were True innocence is No one has ever seen God These are the precepts which Before all things, dearest brothers God is that which no [unclear] There are different kinds Considering what now [unclear] That which was from the beginning I am a debtor, I confess Simoniacs from Simon Augustine, bishop, [unclear] On re[unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On renunciation of the world, one book. On the morals of the Donatists, one book. Against Maximus, one book. Against the same, one book. On the new song, one book. On blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, one book. To Jerome, on the rebuke of Peter, one book. To Boniface, one book. A consolation to Laetus, one book. Against Felicianus the Arian, one book. On the perfection of the righteousness of man, one book. On the flood, one book. On the misery of man, one book. On the immortality of the soul, one book. On the words of the Lord, 65 homilies, one book. To Armentarius Paulinus, one book. To Paulinus, on questions, one book. To Nebridius, on memory, one book. On the vision of God, to Fortunatianus, one book. On the propriety of women, one book. On the life and morals of clerics, two books. On charity, one book. On the visitation of the sick man, one book. On penance, two books. On patience, one book. On continence, one book. An exposition of the Creed against unbelievers, two books. On drunkenness, one book. On obedience and humility, one book. Retractions of his works, one book. On the words of the Apostle, “Walk carefully,” one book. An exposition of the Lord’s Prayer, one book. On divine predestination, one book. On faith in invisible things, one book. On the nature of things, one book. On the inaccessible dwelling of God, one book. On that saying, “Who is the man who desires life,” one book. Questions on the Gospel of Matthew, one book. When Augustine of Hippo [unclear] The matter now requires in that All who have been baptized A great question is Long since of your charity You ask me whether I have read the letter which [unclear] Dearest brothers, [unclear] If discipline is anywhere An excellent man, my son What concerning provision so [unclear] Leaving aside the preface A reminder of the holy [unclear] Let no one say, brothers, [unclear] For this reason I wished Of the divine Scriptures Because it becomes useful by necessity On the power of the soul, two books. Frequently charity Nothing so pleases God It is now a long time since to do The Apostle, when it was read You have handed back the Creed While of the sacred Scriptures There are those who think When the Lord said, “No one” On ta

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the Tabernacle, one book. On the Concupiscence of the Flesh, a treatise, or four books.

On the Unchangeable Essence of God, one book. On the Oath, one book.

On the Beautiful and the Fitting, three books. To Ambrose the Presbyter, one book.

On the Barbarian Time, one book. On the Words of the Apostle, treatises, or twenty books.

On the Samaritan Woman, one book. On the Instability of This Life, one book.

On the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, one book. Whence Evil Comes, two books.

On Jacob and Joseph, one book. On Blessed Jacob, brothers [unclear].

On the Fourth Feria, one book. On the Seven Liberal Arts, one book.

A Refutation of False Articles, one book. Against Porphyry, one book.

An Exhortation to the Faith, one book. On the Fear of God, a treatise, or one book.

On the Eclipse of the Sun, a treatise, or one book. On the Resurrection, two treatises.

Against the Jews, two treatises. These are extant in the library of Eberbach, B.

The Apostle Paul. On Unlawful Marriages, two books.

On the Eucharist, one treatise. On Saint Cyprian, four treatises.

On Jacob and Esau, one book. On Grammar, one book.

On Eternal Times, one treatise. On Restless Charity, one treatise.

To Victor, four books. On Chaste Fear, one treatise.

On the Eclipse of the Sun, one treatise. On the Sweet Yoke of the Lord, one treatise.

On Hope, one book. On the Two Blind Men, one treatise.

On Pleasing Men, or Not, one treatise. On the Rods of Jacob, one treatise.

On Abraham and Isaac, two treatises. On Goliath and David, one book.

On the Usefulness of Penitence, one treatise. On the Judgment of Solomon, one book.

On the Pilgrimage of Christians, one book. On the Song of Isaiah, one book.

On the Song of Exodus, one book. On the Deposition of the Bishop of Carthage, one book.

On the Calling of the Apostle Paul, one book. On Voice and Word, one treatise.

On the Last Day, one treatise. On the Woman with the Issue of Blood, one treatise.

On the Deposition of Bishop Restitutus, one treatise. On the Usefulness of Fasting, one treatise.

On the Drunkenness of Noah, one treatise. On the Works of the Six Days, six treatises.

On Jacob’s Wrestling with the Angel, one treatise. On Moses’ Rod Turned into a Serpent, one treatise.

On the Works of Mercy, one treatise. On the Strong Woman from Proverbs, one treatise.

On the Beatitudes, one treatise. On Fraternal Correction, one treatise.

On the Bush Which Moses Saw, one treatise. On Avarice Also, one treatise.

On the Love of God, a treatise, or one book. On the Ordination of a Cleric, one treatise.

On Electing a Bishop, one treatise. On the Wantonness of Young Men, one treatise.

On the Dead Raised by the Lord, one treatise. On Charity, two treatises.

On the Nativity of the Lord, seven treatises. On Epiphany Also, seven treatises.

On Lent, five treatises. On the Passion of the Lord, two treatises.

On the Vigil of Easter, twenty-three treatises. On the Creed, five treatises.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Of an exhortation to the candidates, one treatise. On the ascension of the Lord, two treatises. On Saint Perpetua and Felicity, one treatise. On Saint Vincent, two treatises. On spiritual almsgiving, one treatise. On bodily alms, one treatise. On Samson, one treatise. On Susanna and Joseph, one treatise. On the dedication of the temple, two treatises. Sermons on various subjects, 200, one book. Letters, more than 200, one book.

There is extant also a certain sermon on the mercy of God at Mount Saint John, a monastery of the Benedictines in the Rheingau.

He published many other works as well; if anyone desires to know them more fully, let him read the list of his books edited by Possidius, from which we have taken many items. Jacobus de Voragine, bishop of Genoa, writes in his treatise which he composed on the books of Augustine that the number of his books, treatises, sermons, and letters rises beyond one thousand thirty. And he concludes thus: And therefore no one has ever been found who was able to find all the books of Augustine. And Possidius says: He lies who declares that he has read you entire, Augustine.

But in this work I have deliberately omitted certain treatises which are ascribed by many to blessed Augustine. Among these is the book On the Spirit and the Soul, in whose seventh chapter Boethius is cited, though he was born a long time after Augustine. But the style itself does not have the savor of Augustine. Likewise the book which has now been printed under Augustine’s name, On True and False Penitence, is falsely ascribed to him, since in the seventh chapter, toward the end, Augustine himself is cited. The book On the Conflict of Virtues and Vices, which begins “The apostolic voice,” echoes the style of Pope Gregory, and agrees with the older copies. Likewise the book On the Ladder of Paradise, whose beginning is “When on a certain day,” is in the ancient copies inscribed to blessed Bernard, whose spirit and manner of speech it seems to express.

Why should I strive at length? So many treatises and sermons are falsely inscribed to blessed Augustine that a review of them would require its own volume. Nor is it my place to sit as judge and deprive of their titles things that belong to another. Let the prudent reader carefully consider what is to be done or held by him in these matters.

Saint doctor Augustine died in the city of Hippo when it was being besieged by the Vandals, in the year of the Lord 430, in the thirteenth indiction, in the seventy-sixth year of his age and the fortieth of his priesthood, according to Marianus Scotus, on the fifth day before the Kalends of September, in the third month of the city’s siege. While answering, amid the attacks of the besieging Vandals, the books of Julian the Manichaean at the very end of his days, he persevered gloriously in defense of the Christian faith. He made no testament, because there was nothing from which he might make one

The Abbot of Spanheim.

He had nothing to leave, apart from the church library, which even at his death he most diligently commended to the brothers to be guarded. Poor in possessions, rich in merits and knowledge, Augustine the bishop rested in the Lord; Possidius, bishop of Calama, wrote his life.

Atticus, bishop of the city of Constantinople after blessed John Chrysostom, a man learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, was nevertheless blameworthy in this, that he allowed himself to be ordained in place of a living bishop who had been unjustly expelled; from this matter many scandals arose in the Church of God. He wrote little works not to be despised by us, among which there is an outstanding work to the queens, daughters of the emperors of Constantinople:

On Faith and Virginity, two books.

And not a few other things.

He flourished under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Paulinus the priest, disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, afterward bishop of Nola in Campania, to whom many letters and various treatises of Augustine and Jerome are said to have been addressed, a man most learned in the holy Scriptures and second to none in his own time in secular letters, shone forth no less in holiness than in learning. Concerning him blessed Pope Gregory writes in the third book of the Dialogues that he was of such piety and mercy that, after he had spent all his possessions for the use of the poor and the liberation of captives, he even handed himself over into slavery for the son of a certain widow; from that slavery he was finally released, together with many captives, on account of the merit of his life. He wrote many volumes, as much in merit as in number, of which the following are reported. First, at the request of Saint Augustine, he wrote:

Life of Saint Ambrose of Milan, one book. Life of Saint Felix, bishop of Nola, one book.

On the Sacraments, one book. On the Death of a Baptized Infant, one book.

Panegyric of Theodosius, one book. Hymns in Various Metre, one book.

On Contempt of the World, one book. On Penitence, one book.

On the Blessings of the Patriarch, one book. On the Praise of the Martyrs, one book.

To Severus Sulpicius, four letters. Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He also published some other works which have come to my knowledge.

He flourished under the emperors Honorius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 420.

Niceas, bishop of the city of Romaciana, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, acute in intellect, clear and polished in speech, wrote little works for the edification of readers, of reading not to be despised, among which the following are reported:

To the Competentes who

On Ecclesiastical Writers

for those who are being prepared for baptism, A Preparatory Work, one book. On the Errors of Paganism, two books. On the Faith of the One Majesty, one book. Against the Genealogy, one book. Also On the Creed, one book. On the Victim of the Paschal Lamb, one book. To a Fallen Virgin, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the time of the rulers Theodosius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Simplicianus, bishop of Milan after St. Ambrose, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and a lover of poverty, by many letters urged Augustine, while he was still a presbyter, to exercise his talent and devote himself to expositions of the Scriptures, so that he might seem like another Ambrose, a promoter of Origen’s work. Hence Augustine also resolved many questions and letters addressed to him. But he himself also wrote useful letters to Augustine and to various others, which are found partly here and there.

He flourished under the rulers Theodosius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Isidore the Elder, [unclear] of Corduba, a man very skilled in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, ready in talent and sufficiently eloquent in speech, distinguished no less for the conduct of his character than for knowledge of the Scriptures, whose learning among the ancients was held at a great price, wrote no few little works on the divine volumes. Of these I have found only an excellent work which he published for St. Orosius, the Spanish presbyter: On the Four Books of Kings, four books.

Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished under the rulers Theodosius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Orosius the presbyter, Spanish by nation, once a hearer of blessed Augustine, was a man learned in the divine writings and most skilled in secular letters, very renowned in life and conduct. Blessed Augustine had sent him, when he came to him from Spain to learn the question concerning the nature of the soul, to St. Jerome in Bethlehem of Judea. After staying there for a little while, he learned clearly the question for which he had come, and, returning to Hippo, carried with him the relics of Stephen the protomartyr. To this most studious man there are extant several little works of blessed Augustine and various resolutions of questions of the Scriptures. He himself also wrote the following volumes:

An Apologetic against the Pelagians, one book. On the [unclear] of the World, a Chronicle, seven books, “I have obeyed your instructions.” On the Reason of the Soul, one book, “When among you, heavenly [unclear].”

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Several letters to Augustine, one book. Also letters to various persons, one book. On the Song of Songs, one book.

He flourished, illustrious in life and doctrine, with St. Augustine, in the year of the Lord 420.

John, bishop and patriarch of Jerusalem, studious and learned in the holy Scriptures, but too intent upon Origen’s teachings, stirred up against himself the writings of the fathers, namely of the most holy presbyter Jerome and of Bishop Epiphanius, as is found in their letters sent to him. But John himself, giving account of his study, says that he imitated not the faith of Origen, but his talent. For chiefly on this account he wrote a noteworthy work: Against the Detractors of His Study, one book; and certain letters to various persons, and certain other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperors Arcadius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 400.

Maximus, bishop of Turin, most learned in the holy Scriptures, second to none in his own time in delivering homilies to the people, was distinguished not only in doctrine but also in life. Holy mother Church has accepted his homilies to be read with great authority. Among these the following are reported:

On Chapters of the Gospels, one book. In Praise of the Apostles, two books, “Most glorious ones of Christ.” On the Acts of the Apostles, one book. In Praise of John the Baptist, two books, “Solemnities for us.” Three books. On the Words of Isaiah, one book. On the Life of Eusebius of Vercelli, two books, “Of the holy fathers [unclear].” On Saint Cyprian the Martyr, one book, “Of the feast of Saint Cyprian.” On the Fast of Lent, one book. On the Grace of Baptism, one book. On Judas’s Betrayal, one book. On Hospitality, one book. On the Lord’s Sepulchre, one book. On Alms, one book. On the Accusation of the Lord, one homily. Four homilies, “Not undeservedly, brothers [unclear].” On the Passion of the Lord, one book, “The reading of the Acts of the Apostles.” On the Fast of Servants [unclear]. On the Nativity of the Lord, five homilies. On the Cross of the Lord, one book. On Easter, five homilies. On the Office of the Mass, one homily. On the Penitence of the Ninevites, one homily. On the Resurrection of the Lord, three homilies. On Saint Lawrence, five homilies. On Saint Stephen, five homilies. On the Kalends of January, one homily. On the Epiphany of the Lord, two homilies. On Pentecost, three homilies. On Not Fearing Bodily Enemies, one homily. On gra-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

One homily, On Giving Thanks after Food.

He also wrote many other things: sermons, treatises, letters, and homilies, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperors Arcadius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420. He died under Theodosius the Younger.

Julian, bishop of Campania, a man of sharp and vehement talent, learned in the holy Scriptures, trained in Greek and Latin speech, before he revealed in himself the impiety of Pelagius, was distinguished among the doctors of the Church. Afterwards, however, [embracing?] that man’s heresy, he wrote against the holy doctors little works suited to his own opinion, of which there are extant:

Against St. Augustine, 4 books. Against the Same, another 7 books.

A Dialogue of the Disputation of the Parties, 1 book.

And many other things, all of which, because of the author’s errors, have rightly been rejected from the ecclesiastical library. In a time of famine and distress, he distributed all his possessions in alms to the poor; he associated many noble religious men, deceived under the appearance of piety, with his heresy.

He flourished under the emperors Arcadius and Honorius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Innocent, the first pope of that name, a learned and most holy man, Alban by nation, the forty-second after blessed Peter, presided over the universal Church for fifteen years, and gloriously ordained many things for its benefit. To him, while he was still a priest, blessed Jerome composed the history of the woman struck seven times, as the prologue of that same work shows. Since he was most learned in the divine Scriptures, he wrote several excellent little works for the instruction of the faithful, of which I have found only these:

A Decree against the Pelagians, 1 book.

Against the Bonosiaci, 1 book. We Have Long Wondered.

Many letters to various persons, 1 book. In Inquiring about These Things.

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He died in the year of the Lord 417, in the fifteenth indiction, on the fourth day before the Kalends of August.

Eusebius of Cremona, a monk and disciple of blessed Jerome the priest, a studious and learned man, venerable in life and conduct, continually intent on holy prayers and divine readings after the example of his most reverend master, attained a great reputation for holiness. He wrote to Damasus, bishop of Porto, and Theodosius, senator of the city of Rome, a sufficiently elegant and lengthy volume on the passing of St. Jerome, 1 book: To the Most Reverend Damasus. He flourished in the time of St. Jerome, in the year of the Lord 420.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Possidonius the African, bishop of Calama, once a hearer and disciple of blessed Augustine, a man studious in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, having lived on familiar terms with St. Augustine for many years, shone forth brightly among ecclesiastical prelates in life and doctrine. Among other things, for the edification of the faithful, he wrote:

The Life of Saint Augustine, 1 book. At the Inspiration of the Maker of All Things.

An Index of His Books. Against the Pagans Concerning [unclear].

He flourished under the emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 430.

Siricius, pope, Roman by nation, sat after Damasus in the pontificate for fifteen years, a learned and holy man, a very keen defender of the Catholic faith. All the Manichaeans whom he found in the city he condemned to exile. Converts, however, for the doing of penance, he relegated to a monastery until the end of life. Among other things, he wrote to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona:

A Decretal Work, 1 book.

Against Jovinian and Auxentius, 1 book.

He died under the emperors Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 398, in the sixth indiction, on the ninth day before the Kalends of March.

Fastidius, bishop of the Britons, a man learned in the holy Scriptures, an excellent preacher of the word of God, illustrious also in life and conduct, distinguished in speech and talent, wrote several devout little works. Among them a certain volume of sound Christian doctrine is said to be addressed to Fatalis, 1 book. On Preserving Widowhood, 1 book.

He flourished under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Coelestine, the first pope of that name, Roman by nation, a learned and holy man, by whose order blessed Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, held at Ephesus a synod of two hundred fathers, in which Nestorius and Pelagius were condemned with their wicked doctrines. There too it was decreed that the most blessed Virgin Mary should henceforth be called Mother of God. Blessed Coelestine wrote, among other things, a solemn decree:

Against Nestorius, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

And certain other things.

He died under the emperor Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 435, in the tenth year of his pontificate, in the first indiction, on the Ides of April.

Theodoric, bishop of the city which, from its founder Cyrus, king of the Persians, was called Cyria, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, sufficiently instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, says

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] to have composed little works on the sacred books, but they have not come into our hands. His distinguished work, however, is said to have been published after Jerome:

Ecclesiastical History, one book. On the Incarnation of the Lord, against Eutyches, one book.

He flourished in the times of the most holy prince Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 390. His history is now inserted in the Tripartite History.

Evodius, bishop in Africa, disciple of the blessed Augustine, bishop of Hippo, to whom Augustine wrote the treatise On the Soul of Christ among the Dead and many letters, a man learned in the holy Scriptures and most upright in the conduct of his life, who deservedly ought to be placed in the catalogue of the saints, is said to have written certain devout little works. Of these there is extant a volume on the miracles done in Africa through the relics, brought by Orosius the priest, of Saint Stephen the martyr, [unclear book-count]. And several letters to various persons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Saint Augustine, in the year of the Lord 420.

Palladius, the first bishop ordained by Pope Celestine for the island of the Britons or Scots, Hibernia, Greek by birth, a learned and holy man, by his most sweet preaching converted to the faith of Christ the faith entrusted to him. After him Saint Patrick, a Briton by race, consecrated by Saint Celestine the pope as archbishop of Hibernia, shining for forty years with signs and miracles, converted the whole island to the faith. Palladius wrote:

Life of Saint John Chrysostom, [unclear book-count]. And certain other things.

He was sent into Scotland by Pope Celestine I in the year of the Lord 452, in the fifteenth indiction, according to Marianus Scotus.

Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, [unclear] by nation, once an outstanding [unclear] and cultivator of Carmel, a learned and holy man, by command of Pope Celestine I presided at the council of two hundred fathers at Ephesus, in which, condemning Nestorius and Pelagius together with their errors, he uttered many elegant opinions. Since he was most learned in the holy Scriptures, he wrote many little works, of which these are reported:

On Faith against the Heretics, one book. Against Nestorius, one book. On the Defection of the Synagogue, one book. On the Birth and Praise of Saint Mary, one book. On the Paschal Cycle of Ninety-Five Years, one book. Commentary on the Gospel, one book.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Commentaries on Leviticus, arranged in sixteen books. A work of treasures on the Trinity, extant in Greek in Italy. Greek commentaries on several prophets, Isaiah, Hosea, Daniel, and certain very varied homilies, are preserved in Italy. A Greek book on the fact that through all the books of Moses the mystery of Christ is signified enigmatically. Dogmatic solutions of questions which certain persons had put to him from the Treasures. An exposition of the prayer of the prophet Habakkuk, in Greek. A book On Adoration and Worship in the Spirit of Truth, and that the shadow is a type of life in Christ according to the Gospel, addressed to Palladius in dialogue form, with one interpreting and one responding, in Greek, in Italy. Seven orations, in Greek. Certain Greek homilies on the sacred creed. A counsel on concord between Greeks and Latins, in Greek. Two letters of the same man to Successus, bishop of Diocaesarea in Isauria. One letter to Augustine on the miracles of Saint Jerome. A Practica collected by the same man before the third synod. A book entitled Ta glaphyra. A Greek vocabulary, and a little work on words which change their meaning by accent, with a Greek-Latin lexicon. All these are preserved in Italy.

Besides these he composed several letters, homilies, and sermons, and other diverse treatises, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished, presiding at the Council of Ephesus, under the emperor Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 432, in the fifteenth indiction.

Theodore of Ancyra, bishop of Galatia, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned in secular letters, especially strong in dialectic, eloquent in speech and a keen disputant, being quite distinguished in the Council of Ephesus, wrote there, in dialectical fashion and very obscurely:

Against Nestorius, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the prince Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 430.

Sozomen, Greek by nation, an excellent cultivator of secular letters and sufficiently learned in the divine Scriptures, is said to have written some little works for the edification of the Church. Of these there is extant a distinguished work addressed to the prince Theodosius the Younger, from the third consulship of the Caesars Crispus and Constantine down to the seventeenth consulship of the same Theodosius:

Ecclesiastical History, nine books. “The thought once came to me...”

The other things which he composed have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished under the aforesaid emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 450.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

A certain Socrates, Greek by nation, a learned and eloquent man, a distinguished historiographer, renowned for experience of great affairs, wrote, from the time of the first Constantine, the great emperor, down to the reign of Theodosius the Younger, a volume of Ecclesiastical History, one book.

He is also said to have written several other things, but they have not come into our hands. And it should be noted that three Greek authors, namely [Theodoret?], bishop of Cyrus, Sozomen, and this Socrates, each wrote histories of ecclesiastical affairs at almost the same time; Epiphanius Scholasticus translated these into Latin as they stood, and from them Cassiodorus Senator, a monk, made one continuous history, which he called the Tripartite.

Vigilius, a deacon and monk, a man studious and learned in the holy Scriptures, a guardian and director of monastic discipline, is reported to have fashioned certain little works for the edification of monks, which distance of places and times has prevented from coming to our knowledge. The priest Gennadius says, however, that he wrote a very useful rule:

On the Conduct of Monks, one book. He says nothing about the rest. He flourished under the princes Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 420.

Osius, bishop of Corduba before Isidore, to whom Chalcidius the grammarian is recorded to have translated Plato’s Timaeus, a learned and eloquent man, presiding at the council of Sardica, uttered many excellent opinions, as is contained in the acts of that same synod. In his old age, however, greatly terrified by Constantius, the Arian prince, and fearing lest, as an old and wealthy man, he should suffer either exile or loss of property, he soon consented to Arian impiety. But not long afterward his life, as he deserved, was ended by a cruel death. For after his impious betrayal, when Saint Gregory, bishop of Eliberis, had come to Corduba by imperial decree and refused to communicate with Osius, the latter, moved with anger, asked Clementinus, Constantius’s prefect and vicar, to drive Gregory into exile. The vicar said to him: “I do not dare send a bishop into exile unless you first depose him from the episcopate.” Osius, tolerating no delay, mounted the chair as judge and summoned Gregory by royal edict. When Gregory appeared before the multitude, and Osius, proud in his arrogance, tried to pronounce the sentence of deposition, Gregory appealed with all his strength to Christ, that he should not allow so unjust a presumption of his to go unpunished. And behold, as the impious Osius sat there and wished to pronounce the sentence, his mouth twisted, and at the same time his neck was distorted; falling to the ground, he suddenly expired. Fear then seized everyone; thereafter no one dared touch Gregory. Osius, while still a Catholic, wrote:

To His Sister, On the Praise of Virginity, one book.

In the aforesaid council, eighteen opinions, one book.

And several letters. He flourished under Constantius as a very old man, by whom also he was deceived, and he died around the year of the Lord 590.

Ithacius, bishop of the city of [Lemica?] in Spain, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, renowned for his manner of speaking, who, together with Bishop [Ursacius?], because of the killing of Priscillian, whom he had accused at Trier, was separated from communion with the Church and driven into exile, and died there. He wrote works not to be despised, among which these are reported:

Against Priscillian, one book.

Chronicles from the Time of Theodosius, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the venerable emperor Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 400.

Leporius, priest and monk, studious in the divine Scriptures, but presuming too much on the purity of his life, taught as doctrine that he lived religiously by his own judgment and effort, not by the grace of God, defending the Pelagian error. But after being admonished by the Gallic doctors and corrected in Africa by Saint Augustine, he abandoned his error; the heresy which he had formerly preached he afterward vigorously attacked. Therefore, giving thanks for his correction, he wrote:

A Corrective against Heresy, one book.

And certain other things.

He flourished under the prince Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 450.

Sedulius, priest, a Scot by nation, from early youth a disciple of Hildebert, archbishop of the Scots, a man practiced in the divine Scriptures and very learned in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, leaving Scotland out of love of learning, came into France, then traversed Italy and Asia; finally, departing from the borders of Achaia, he shone forth in the city of Rome, renowned for wondrous learning. He wrote many works in meter and in prose; of these I have found only the following: To Abbot Macedonius, a distinguished work according to the sequence of the whole Gospel, which he entitled Paschal Song, in meter, four books. “All you who [unclear] paschal [unclear].” On all the Epistles of Paul, in prose, fourteen books. “Before the apostolic words...” On

70 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the miracles of Christ, one book, “From the quarter of the rising sun.” To the emperor Theodosius, one book, “Leader of the Romulidae [unclear].” On the larger volume of Priscian, one book, “Let us sing, companions, to the Lord.” On the second edition of Donatus, one book, “Sedulius the Scotigene.” An exhortation to the faithful, one book; book 2. Several letters to various persons, one book, “Sedulius the Scotigene.” On the miracles of Christ in prose, two books. He also published a number of other things, which have not come to my knowledge. At length, as Sigebert writes, he was ordained bishop, but he does not state the church or city where. He flourished under Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 430.

Victorinus of Marseilles, rhetorician, a man most learned in secular letters and very devoted to the holy Scriptures, attempted to expound the holy Scriptures; but, being occupied with secular literature and having entered the field of the divine utterances without a teacher, he did not accomplish what he wished. Hence the little works that he wrote are indeed distinguished by Christian feeling and pious zeal, but are shaped with a lighter weight of opinions. He published, addressed to the person of his son Ethernius, commentaries from the beginning down to the death of the patriarch Abraham:

On Genesis, four books.

And certain other things which are hidden from us. He flourished under Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 430.

Philippus, monk and priest, once a hearer and disciple of blessed Jerome, a studious and learned man, an outstanding lover of voluntary poverty, who by word and example instructed many in piety, after the death of his master published certain commentaries on the divine Scriptures, among which there survives, as they say, an excellent work:

On Job, one book. A collection of letters, one book.

He flourished under the princes Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 430. And he died under Marcian.

Vincentius, monk and priest of the monastery of the island of Lerins, a Gaul by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, distinguished in life and character. There survives an outstanding work of his, which he composed under the name Peregrinus, very famous among the ancient doctors and worthy of praise, on avoiding the errors and gatherings of heretics:

Against all heretics, two books.

It is also read that he wrote a number of other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the reign of Theodosius and Valentinian, in the year of the Lord 429.

Abbot of Spanheim

Paulus, priest, a Pannonian by nation, which is now called Hungary, a man devoted to sacred letters and sufficiently learned, venerable no less for the cultivation of religion than for knowledge of the Scriptures, a zealous defender of the Christian faith, is said to have written not a few volumes, the reading of which is considered quite suitable for confounding heretics. There survive his works addressed to Constantia, a virgin dedicated to Christ:

On virginity and contempt of the world, two books.

Concerning other works I have so far found nothing. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 430.

Isaac, formerly a monk, priest of the church of Antioch, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, of very celebrated reputation for delivering homilies to the people, beloved by God in life and conduct, venerable to men, wrote in the Syriac tongue, in imitation of Saint Ephrem, several devout little works, the reading of which is judged very useful for religious men. Among these I have found the following among our materials:

Against the Nestorians and Eutyches, two books. An exhortation to the spiritual life, one book. On the struggle against vices, one book. On access to God, one book. On the difficulty of the virtues, one book. A dialogue on spiritual progress, one book. On the order of the monastic life, one book. On violent operation, one book. On humility, one book. On the three orders of those making progress, one book. On the solitude of monks, one book. On various temptations, one book. On the instruction of novices, one book. On penitence, one book. A poem on the devastation of Antioch, one book.

He delivered several homilies to the people, but they have by no means come into our hands. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 440.

Eucherius, bishop of Lyons in Gaul, a learned man, imbued from youth with monastic discipline, ready in talent, composed in speech, pleasing to God and men in life and conduct, since indeed he turned many away from iniquity by word and example, wrote several excellent volumes, but so far few have come to my knowledge. For I have found only these:

On contempt of the world, one book.

Ex-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Expositions of the divine names, 1 book. Formulas of spiritual [unclear], To the sons Solon and Uranus, 1 book. An epitome of Cassian, 4 books. Certain letters to various persons, 1 book. To Bishop Hilary, On the praise of the desert, 1 book. The beginning of the commentaries on Genesis. Instructions, 2 books. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 440.

Hilary, bishop of Arles, to whom Eucherius, bishop of Lyon, when he was seeking the wastes of the desert, published a book On the Praise of the Desert, was a man learned in the divine scriptures and sufficiently eloquent in speech. His merits of holiness the catholic Church proclaims. He showed such compassion toward the poor that, after all his possessions had been cheerfully distributed for their use, he was thereafter called, and was, the father of poverty. Among other things he wrote, in quite distinguished style, the Life of his predecessor, St. Honoratus the bishop, 1 book; almost countless homilies; and certain other works. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 440. He died, however, under the emperors Valentinian and Marcian.

Zosimus, pope, a Greek by nationality, sat in the pontificate after St. Innocent for one year and eight months. He was a learned, holy man, beloved by God, who by word and example governed the Church entrusted to him [unclear], and for whose edification he elegantly enacted many provisions, as is contained in his acts. He wrote for the ecclesiastical estate to various persons: Letters, 1 book. From the report of our brother [unclear]; On Easter, to Hilary, 1 book; On the priesthood, to Esychius, 1 book: “Your affection demands before...” He died under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 419, in the second indiction, on the seventh day before the Kalends of January.

Boniface, the first pope of that name, succeeding blessed Zosimus, presided over the Church for three years and four months. He was a man of great learning and quite fit for the governance of souls, who enacted many provisions for ecclesiastical utility, which are found scattered in the canons of the holy fathers. He wrote, for the edification of the faithful, as they say, some little works; of these I have found only: Decretal letters, 1 book: “To the Roman Church, which...” He died under the emperors Honorius and Theodosius, in the year of the Lord 422, in the fifth indiction, on the eighth day before the Kalends of November.

Proba, a most elegant woman, wife of Adelphius, Roman proconsul, a woman most learned in secular literature and not ignorant of the divine scriptures, burning with marvelous zeal, surpassed her sex by her learning. Perfectly instructed in Greek and Latin letters, and excelling both in meter and prose, since she held Virgil word for word in her mind, she conceived the idea of describing the New and Old Testament from his verses and of showing, by his own poems, that he had thought in this way. And so, courageously undertaking the work laid up in her mind, carefully going through all the books of Virgil, taking now this verse, now that one, sometimes half a verse, and sometimes smaller particles of verses, with marvelous industry, preserving everywhere the measure of the feet, she described the catholic volumes in the poet’s verses. This work, composed in almost seven hundred verses, she entitled with a Greek word, A Virgilian cento, 1 book: “Long since to have profaned...” If she wrote anything further, I do not know.

Nevertheless this work is counted among the apocrypha, since, although a devout woman undertook a pious study, Virgil nevertheless never intended that his little verses be referred to the honor of Christ or to our faith. For the interpretation of this matter is not proper but fictive, assumed by Proba. She flourished, however, as some think, under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 430.

Eudoxia, wife of Theodosius the Younger, a woman most devout in the Christian religion and most learned both in the divine scriptures and in secular letters, returning from Jerusalem, brought with her the relics of the most holy protomartyr Stephen and placed them honorably in the basilica of the blessed martyr Lawrence. Since she was very learned and excellent in prose and verse, she is said, in imitation of Proba, wife of Adelphius, to have bent Homer’s poems back toward the Christian faith, likewise placing before the little work she published the following title: Homeric centos, 1 book. She also wrote certain other works. Since Saint Jerome, in a certain letter, declares that he had read Homeric centos and Virgilian centos, they must necessarily have been composed before his death. She flourished with her husband Theodosius, who took up the empire in the year of the Lord 423.

Primasius, an African bishop, as some will have it once a disciple of blessed Augustine, a man indeed learned in the holy scriptures, gloriously imbued with the disciplines of secular letters, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, is said to have composed many little works, which among the ancients were held at a great price. Of these I have found only: Against heresies, to Bishop Fortunatus, 1 book. [unclear] In

74 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Apocalypse of John, to Castorius, five books. But the book Apocalyptica which he composed has not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished under the emperor Theodosius II, in the year of the Lord 440.

Vtilius, bishop of a certain city in Africa, though I have not been able to discover the name of the city, was certainly a man very learned in the sacred Scriptures and, in my judgment, sufficiently instructed in secular disciplines, profound in understanding, sweet and adorned in speech. He is said to have written many little works, but I have seen one notable work, which he wrote to the above-mentioned bishop Primasius, entitled:

On the Parts of the Divine Law, one book. “To the holy and most blessed bishop ...”

Of the rest I have seen none.

He flourished at the same time as Primasius, in the year of the Lord 440.

Proterius, bishop of Alexandria, a man most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, a distinguished theologian and computist: in the times of Leo Augustus, the successors of the heretic Dioscorus, after a sedition had been raised by Timothy, cruelly slew him on his journey, and set up that same Timothy in his place as an idol for the Alexandrian bishopric. He wrote, among other things, to Saint Leo the pope:

On the Celebration of Easter, three letters.

To Hilary, on the same matter, four letters. “Since your holiness ...”

Several letters to various persons. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 460.

Paschasinus, Sicilian bishop, learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, reverend no less for his way of life than for his knowledge, is said to have presided in place of blessed Pope Leo the Great at the Council of Chalcedon, in which, together with the holy fathers to the number of two hundred, he condemned the heretics Eutyches and Dioscorus. Eutyches was a priest and abbot of a very celebrated monastery of Constantinople; he asserted that Christ the Lord was only God and not man, and wrote various things in support of his error, all of which were condemned together with their author. Paschasinus, however, wrote to Pope Leo:

On the Question of Easter, two letters. “The writings of your apostolate ...”

To the same, On the Miracle of the Font, one letter. “Not one day alone ...”

The acts of the Council of Chalcedon, [unclear] book[s]. “The rules of the saints ...”

He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 450.

Leo, the first pope of that name, a Tuscan by nation, after Sixtus III sat in the chair of Peter for twenty-one years. He was a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and so celebrated and eloquent in declaiming homilies to the people that he had no superior in the Roman Church, as his most famous sermons will testify. He was the Cicero of ecclesiastical diction, the Homer of sacred theology, the Aristotle of the arguments of faith, the Peter of apostolic authority, the Paul in the Gallican pulpit. His sermons pierce the heart, clothe the soul, and confirm the catholic faith in sweet, brief speech. Nor is it any wonder: bearing the fire of divine love kindled in his breast, what else would he speak but burning words? He wrote many little works; of these I have found only the following, namely:

Against Eutyches the priest, two books.

On the Nicene Creed, one book.

Testimonies to Leo Augustus, one book.

To the questions of Bishop Januarius, one book.

On the Passion of the Lord, twenty-four homilies, one book.

Many homilies to the people, one book.

To Bishop Flavian against Eutyches, one book.

To Leo Augustus against Eutyches, one book.

To Bishop Turibius against the Priscillianists, one book.

To Rusticus, bishop of Narbonne, one book.

Many letters to various persons, one book.

Of the rest I have found nothing.

He died at last, after many labors for the benefit of the Church, under Leo Augustus, in the year of the Lord 461, in the fourteenth indiction, on the fourth day before the Kalends of July.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Peter, bishop of Ravenna, a learned and most holy man, shining in life with many miracles, was of excellent talent in declaiming homilies to the people, and by word as well as example converted many to the path of truth. He wrote many things for the edification of the faithful, among which are reported:

Several sermons or homilies, one book.

Two copies of these sermons exist in the library of Eberbach.

To Eutyches the priest, one letter. “Sad, I read your sad letter ...”

He also wrote several other letters.

He flourished under Marcian Augustus, in the year of the Lord 450.

Pope Leo wrote many letters. He was indeed a learned man, an outstanding lover of catholic unity, who deposed and excommunicated Eutyches the priest and archimandrite, who held impious views concerning Christ’s humanity, as in a certain letter to the aforesaid Pa

On Ecclesiastical Writers

...sent to Pope Leo testifies, he accomplished and endured many things for the extirpation of heresies. He wrote in the Greek language certain little works not to be despised; of these there are cited:

Acts with Eutyches the Presbyter, one book. Against the Errors of the Same, one book. To Pope Leo on the Same Matter, one letter. “No diabolical thing...” A Book of Letters to Various Persons, one book. And some other things which we do not know. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger and Marcian, in the year of the Lord 454.

Hilarius the pope, a Sardinian by birth, after Leo the Great sat in the pontificate for six years and as many months. He was a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and distinguished by the adornment of many virtues; constantly intent on alms and holy works, he shone with a great reputation for holiness [unclear]. At Rome, when a synod of fifty bishops had been held, he made a number of decrees for ecclesiastical propriety. He wrote certain necessary little works; of these I have found only:

A Synodal Decree, one book. “Since a religious [unclear]...” To the Bishops of the Province of Tarragona, one letter. “After the letters of your...” To Ascanius, Bishop of Tarragona, one letter. “Of divine grace toward us...” On the Council of Nicaea, one letter. On the Council of Ephesus, one letter. On the Council of Chalcedon, one letter. A Book of Letters to Various Persons, one book. He died under Leo Augustus, in the year of the Lord 468, in the sixth indiction, on the ninth day before the Kalends of March; Simplicius succeeded him.

Eusebius, bishop of Milan, very learned in the holy Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, both familiar and dear to the most blessed pontiff Leo, fighting and writing bravely for the holy Catholic faith against the heretics, is said to have published some little works for the edification of the faithful. Among the things he is said to have written in matters of faith is:

To Saint Leo the Pope, one letter. “Having returned [unclear]...” He flourished under the emperor Marcian, in the year of the Lord 450.

Asclepius the African, bishop of the territory of Vaga, a studious and learned man, an outstanding declaimer of homilies to the people, and a most vigorous assailant of heretics, wrote many volumes for the edification of the people. By their publication he was named glorious in every land, since he showed himself a useful teacher not only in words but also in works. For many most learned men made his age famous. Of his writings there are cited:

Against the Donatists, one book. Against the Arians, one book. Countless Homilies to the People, one book. And many other things unknown to us. He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 440.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Prosper, bishop of Reggio after Faventius, an Aquitanian by birth, was a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, eloquent in speech, profound in sense, subtle in intellect, vigorous in assertion, and most holy in life and conduct. He was once notary of the blessed Pope Leo the Great, and composed many letters in his person. He also wrote from his own vein many splendid little works; of these I have found only the following: from the Sentences of the blessed bishop Augustine, in hexameter and pentameter verses, mixed with prose, a most beautiful work, which he wished to entitle:

Epigrams, one book. “When it pleases to direct the mind to sacred things...” On the Contemplative Life, three books. “The contemplative life in...” On Free Will, one book. “To the lord and most beloved brother Ru...” Responses to the Chapters of the Gauls, one book. “The doctrine which the holy...” To the Objections of the Vincentians, one book. “Certain Christian...” To the Extracts of the Genoese, one book. “In the books of blessed memory...” A Great Sum of 350 Propositions, one book. “True knowledge is that which...” Against Cassian on Free Will, one book. A Chronicle of Histories, one book. A Book of Letters to Various Persons, one book. On Illustrious Men, one book. On the Captivity of Rome, one book. He says that he wrote some other things besides, but they have not come into our hands. He flourished in the times of the great emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 460. His feast is celebrated on the seventh day before the Kalends of July.

Victor, bishop of Cartenna, a city of Mauretania, learned in the holy Scriptures and an outstanding declaimer of sermons, a notable persecutor of heretics, is said to have written many volumes, in which he both instructed the devout people and powerfully crushed those who erred concerning the faith. Of these the following are cited:

Against the Arians, one book. Against the Donatists, one book. Consolatory Address to Basilius, one book. On Penitence Also, one book. Homilies to the People, two books. He published not a few other things as well, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Marcian Augustus, in the year of the Lord 450.

Vi-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Victorinus, an Aquitanian by nation, a man very devoted to the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, is said to have left certain little works of his own genius, which have not yet at all come to my knowledge. At the command of Pope Hilarius he wrote, for finding the date of Easter, The Great Cycle of 532 years, in four books.

This is called the great cycle of 532 years; when these have run their course, all the computations of the heavenly bodies return to the same point. Dionysius the abbot afterwards corrected it, and down to this our own age it has endured, although in some matters it has failed. This Victorinus also wrote certain letters.

He flourished under the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 460, and wrote his cycle under Pope Hilarius, in the third year of his pontificate.

[unclear]

Peter, priest of the church of Edessa, learned and practiced in the holy Scriptures, endowed with an outstanding power and talent for declaiming homilies to the people, so that in his own times he had no equal, wrote in the Syriac language many very distinguished volumes, of which only very few have come to my knowledge:

Commentaries on the Psalms, four books.

He also played in meter on the Psalms, five books.

He dictated, and delivered, almost countless homilies to the people, which are found among us rarely. But neither is the number of his treatises certain to us.

He flourished under the emperor Marcian, in the year of the Lord 300.

S[unclear], learned in [unclear] and sufficiently trained in secular letters, subtle and keen in intellect, often fought against the force of heretics, both by writing and by disputing. Hence, at the request of a certain Secunda, a virgin dedicated to Christ, he wrote a distinguished and memorable volume:

Against Marcion and Valentinus, one book.

Against Eunomius and Aetius, six books.

He published some other things as well, but they have not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished under Theodosius the Younger, around the year of the Lord 440.

V[unclear]rsinus, a monk, learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of humane letters, subtle in intellect and cautious in speech, is said to have composed many treatises for the benefit of the faithful, but I do not remember that any of them has ever come into our hands. There is, however, circulated a distinguished work of his against those who rebaptize persons once duly baptized, whose title is:

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On not rebaptizing heretics, one book. He flourished, as I have found, under Theodosius the Younger, in the year of the Lord 490.

Julianus, bishop of the church of Toledo in Spain, a Moor by nation, to whom Saint Prosper is said to have written three books On Contemplation, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in secular studies, scholastic in speech, clear in understanding, wrote many notable volumes, of which the following are reported:

On holy virginity, one book. On the nature of the soul, [8] books. On the resolution of questions, one book. On contempt of the world, one book. Prognosticon of the future age, three books. The faith of the nascent Church [unclear]. Letters to various persons, one book. On vices and virtues, two books. Letters to various women, one book.

He is said to have composed some other works as well, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Marcian, in the year of the Lord 450.

Victorianus Buconius, bishop of the city of Castelliana in Mauretania, a man trained by constant study in the divine writings and by no means moderately learned in the disciplines of secular letters, a most powerful hammer of heretics and an outstanding teacher of the faithful peoples, is said to have written many little works in defense of the Catholic faith, of which the principal ones are reported as follows:

Against the Jews, one book. Against the Arians, one book. Against all heretics, two books. On the sacraments also, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Marcian, in the year of the Lord 460.

Museus, priest of the church of Marseille, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and polished by very subtle exercise in their meanings, scholastic and elegant in language, at the urging of Saint Venerius the bishop excerpted from the holy Scriptures lessons and responsories suited to the several festive days of the whole year, and arranged psalms suitable for singing in the church at the several times. He also wrote to Bishop Eustasius an excellent work:

On the sacraments, seven books. Several homilies to the people. And certain other things.

He flourished under the rulers Marcian and Leo, in the year of the Lord 440.

Vincentius, a priest, a Gaul by nation, much practiced in the divine writings, having a tongue polished by practice in speaking and by greater reading, and not ignorant of secular letters either, wrote, as our Gennadius reports, an excellent work, to be very greatly embraced by devout men:

Commentaries on the Psalms, one book. And certain other things. He flourished under the emperor Marcian, in the year of the Lord 450.

80 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Cyrus, Alexandrian by birth, a physician by art, having from a philosopher become a monk for the love of Christ, a man very learned in secular letters, remarkable in skill of speaking, in his writings using syllogisms more than the authorities of the divine readings: while he inveighs too much against Nestorius, he is alleged to support the Timothean doctrine, and being uncertain of himself, he suspends his mind from agreement with the Council of Chalcedon, nor does he think one should assent that the Son of God after the incarnation is confessed in two natures. Of his writings, however, the following is reported:

Against [unclear], one book. Against heretics, one book.

He flourished under Leo Augustus, in the year of the Lord 460.

Salvianus, priest of the church of Marseille, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, teacher of the bishops of his time, wrote in scholastic and clear speech many varied little works, of which the following are reported. To Claudius, bishop of Vienne, he wrote several letters, seasoned with the salt of wisdom. To Marcellus the priest:

On the good of virginity, three books. Against avarice, four books. To Claudius, bishop of Vienne, one book. On the beginning of Genesis, the Hexameron, one book. On the final part of Ecclesiastes, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Homilies made to bishops, one book. On the sacraments also, one book.

He also published many other works, which have by no means come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 480.

Samuel, priest of the church of Edessa, learned in the divine Scriptures by constant exercise, an outstanding declaimer of homilies to the people, skilled in the Greek and Syriac language, first flourished at Edessa; later, coming to Constantinople, and there held in high esteem, he closed his final day. He wrote, both in Greek and in Syriac, almost countless little works, of which very few have come to my knowledge. For I found only:

Against the Nestorians, one book. Against the Eutychians, one book.

He flourished under Zeno Augustus, in the year of the Lord 480.

Gennadius, bishop of the city of Constantinople, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote in the Greek language

The Abbot of Spanheim.

some little works on the sacred volumes, but they have by no means come into our hands. For he was an outstanding preacher of homilies, and no less distinguished in life than in knowledge of the Scriptures. Among other things, a work of his commentaries is said to have been prepared: On Daniel the Prophet, one book; many homilies to the people, one book. He died under Emperor Leo I, who ruled in the year of the Lord 460.

Claudius (others call him Claudianus), bishop of Vienne, to whom Salvianus the presbyter composed one book, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most highly trained in secular letters, famous no less for holiness than for learning, shone in his times. Because of frequent earthquakes he was the first to institute litanies, which the Roman Church thereafter undertook to continue. He wrote On the State of the Soul, three books; also letters, and certain other things. He flourished under Emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 480. And lest the name Claudius trouble anyone, [unclear], let him know that the same man is called Mamertus.

Sidonius, bishop of the Arverni, learned in the divine Scriptures and, in the disciplines of secular letters, in the opinion of all men of his time most erudite, excellent in verse and prose, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote many distinguished little works both in meter and in prose. Of these I have been able to find only those which I set down below, namely: Panegyric to Anthemius Augustus, one book: ‘With auspice and number’; Panegyric to Julius Valerius, one book: ‘Conceive the former things, Phoebus, having traversed [unclear]’; Panegyric to his father-in-law, one book: ‘Speak, speak what I ask, [unclear]’; To Felix, one book: ‘Among the dark-blue [unclear]’; Epithalamium for Ruricius and Hiberia, one book: ‘By chance, stormy [unclear]’; Epithalamium for Polemius, one book: ‘Phoebus and the thrice three’; Eucharisticon to Faustus, one book: ‘Four days before’; also Epigrams, one book: ‘The stable of the Bistonian king’; To Pontius Leontius Burg[unclear], one book: ‘Hail, mighty Narbo’; Praise of the city of Narbonne, one book: ‘Long do you command, lord [unclear]’; Letters to various persons, nine books.

He also wrote many other works, short indeed, but sufficiently learned, whose titles I have passed over for love of brevity. He flourished in the times of Zeno Augustus, in the year of the Lord 480.

Pope Simplicius, a Tiburtine by nation, after St. Hilarius presided over the Roman and universal Church for fifteen years. He was a learned and holy man, who appeared not only simple according to his name, but also upright, departing from evil and fearing God; many churches

82 On Ecclesiastical Writers

he restored what had collapsed from excessive age, issued statutes necessary for the Christian commonwealth, and wrote some works for the edification of the faithful, of which I have read only:

To John, bishop of Ravenna, one letter. “If anyone, being intent upon the church…” To Florentius and Egistius, bishops, one letter. “Your report [unclear]…” To Severus, bishop, one letter.

But he also wrote many other very useful letters, which I have not yet seen. He died under the emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 485, in the sixth indiction, on 6 Nones of March, and was enrolled among the saints.

Servus Dei, bishop of a certain church, whose city’s name I have not been able to find, a man learned through continual exercise in the divine Scriptures and rich in reading the ancients, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, is said to have fashioned some little works. Of these there survives a volume furnished with sacred Scriptures, against those who say that Christ, while living in this life, did not see the Father with his bodily eyes. The title of this work is:

That the Son Saw the Father, one book.

In this work he shows that the Son of God, even from the hour of his conception in the womb of the Virgin Mary by the Holy Spirit, always saw God the Father with his bodily eyes, and thereafter, and now, clothed in human flesh.

He also wrote certain other things.

He is said to have flourished under the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 480.

Victor, bishop of Capua, learned in the holy Scriptures and sufficiently trained in secular letters, an excellent theologian and computist, sharp in intellect and renowned for eloquence; but very few of his works have come to my knowledge. He refuted the error of Victor of Aquitaine, who, at the order of Pope Hilary, while writing paschal cycles, taught that Easter was to be celebrated on 15 Kalends of May in the year of the Lord 455, although it should more correctly have been celebrated in that year on 7 Kalends of May. Therefore, when this occasion arose, he wrote:

On Easter, one book. One Gospel from the Four, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 480.

Cerealis, an African bishop, a man very skilled in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular disciplines, was asked by Maximinus, bishop of the Arians, whether he could establish, with a few testimonies of divine Scripture and without, at least, the assertion of disputation, the consubstantiality of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. He replied not with a few, as the other had mockingly asked, but with many testimonies of both Testaments, composing a distinguished work:

Against the Arians, four books.

He also wrote other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 460.

The Abbot of Spanheim

John, priest of the church of Antioch, rich in reading the ancients in the holy Scriptures, after he had taught grammar at Antioch for some years, began to wish to profess himself a cleric. Made a priest by legitimate succession, he devoted himself to the divine readings; made more learned by these, he became so powerful in delivering homilies that he had no equal in his time. He wrote a sufficiently well-instructed volume:

Against the Timotheans, one book. Several Homilies to the People, one book.

And many other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 480.

Theodolus, priest, Italian by birth, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, coming from Italy into Coele-Syria, is recorded as having been ordained there as priest and finally as bishop; and by writing and composing many things he transmitted his name to posterity. Of his little works I have found only a metrical work on the miracles of the Old Testament and the fables of the poets, to which he gave the title:

Eclogues, one book. “The lands of the Ethiopians…” On the Harmony of the Scriptures, one book.

Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished in the year of the Lord 480, under the emperor Zeno, under whom he also died.

Eugenius, bishop of Carthage in Africa, a learned and holy man, a public confessor of the undivided Trinity, suffered many injuries at the hands of the Arians while they were persecuting the Christians in Africa. For with many other bishops, their tongues cut out, he was sent into exile. He wrote some little works full of faith and learning, of which the following are reported:

Exposition of the Catholic Faith, one book. Apology for the Faith, one book. Disputation Held with the Arians, one book. To His Church, when he was going into exile, one letter.

He is nevertheless said to have written other things, but they have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of the emperor Zeno, in the year of the Lord 480.

Felix, the third pope, Roman by birth, after the holy pontiff Simplicius sat in the chair of Peter for eight years, a good, learned, and holy man, who, inflamed with zeal for the faith, Peter and Acacius

84 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He condemned the Eutychian bishops, banishing them into exile. For this reason, holding a synod at Rome, he established many things for the benefit of the Church, and wrote:

A synodal decree, one book. To Flavius Boethius [unclear]. Several decretal letters, one book.

He died under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 495, indiction 1.

Gennadius, priest of the church of Marseille, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, fully trained in both Greek and Latin eloquence, wrote many little works, and translated not a few volumes of the ancient fathers from Greek into Latin speech. Of his own writings he himself, at the end of Illustrious Men, listed the following:

On his faith, to Pope Gelasius, one book. Against Nestorius, six books. Against Eutyches, nine books. Against Pelagius, three books. Against all heresies, eight books. On illustrious men, one book. James, surnamed [unclear]. On the heresy of the thousand years, one book.

He wrote these and certain other works which have not yet come to me. He flourished under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 490.

Gelasius, the first pope of that name, an African by birth, sat after Felix in the pontificate for four [unclear], a holy man and most learned in the divine Scriptures. As soon as he entered upon the pontifical office, he sent into exile the Manichaeans whom he found in the city, and publicly burned their books at the basilica of Saint Mary Major. He established many things for the benefit of the Church, and wrote very many works against heretics. Of his little works the following are reported:

A synodal decree, one book. The necessity of things [unclear]. Against the Arians, two books. Hymns in the manner of Ambrose, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Several weighty prayers.

And certain other things. He arranged Graduals, Alleluias, and Tracts, with prefaces appropriate for the Mass, and separated the authentic books of the holy fathers from the apocryphal, as is found in distinction 15, Sancta Romana.

He died while Anastasius Augustus was emperor, in the year of the Lord 426.

Faustus, formerly abbot of the monastery of Lerins, bishop of Riez in Gaul, was indeed a learned and eloquent man, but stained by the Pelagian error; hence also his little works are counted among the apocrypha, just as

The Abbot of Spanheim.

as is clear in distinction 15, Sancta Romana. At length, corrected and amended by blessed Fulgentius, bishop of Ruspe, he abandoned his error and returned to the truth of the catholic faith. As proof of this, he published an excellent volume against his former errors, which he entitled On the Grace of God. Of his little works there are reported:

The same volume, On the Grace of God, 1 book. Against the Arians, 1 book. Against the Anthropomorphites, 1 book. On the Holy Spirit, 1 book. “The catholic faith in one...” To Gratus the Deacon, Against Nesto[rius], 1 book. To Felix the Prefect, 1 book. Several homilies to the people.

He flourished under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 490.

Fulgentius, bishop of Ruspe in Africa, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in intellect, deep in understanding, sweet, eloquent, and polished in speech, ready in teaching, sharp in argument, fit and very gentle in persuasion, shone out most brightly no less for the holiness of his life than for his knowledge of the Scriptures. He wrote many distinguished volumes, of which the following are reported:

On the Grace of God and Free Will, 7 books. On the Holy Trinity, 1 book. On the Truth of Predestination, 2 books. On the Remission of Sins, 2 books. Disputation with King Thrasamund, 1 book. Rule of the True Life, 1 book. On Predestination, to Monimus, 3 books. “Your letters, dearest son...” To Ferrandus the Deacon, 1 book. “Your letter, holy brother and [unclear]...” On Conjugal Continence, 1 book. “Your letter, holy [unclear]...” On Virginity, to Proba, 1 book. “With spiritual desire and...” On Prayer, to the Same, 1 book. “The Lord in Christ [unclear]...” On Charity, to Eugippius the Abbot, 1 book. “Would that, holy brother, such...” On the Sacrament of the Incarnation, 1 book. “As the true light in no way...” Of many sermons, 1 book. “Adam without a, Abel without b,” etc., 1 book. Of various questions, 1 book. “Although an ineffectual [unclear]...” Mythologies, to Catus the Presbyter, 3 books. “Lest concerning your commands...” On Obscure Discourses, 1 book. “Vir-” [unclear] ii I [unclear] N [unclear] [unclear] S [unclear] [unclear] R [unclear] [unclear] T [unclear] [unclear] V [unclear] [unclear] X [unclear] [unclear] Y [unclear] [unclear] Z

86 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Moralized Meaning of Virgil, one book. Incipit: “Indeed he was seeking [unclear].” On the Immensity of the Son of God, one book. On the Passion of the Lord, one book.

He is said also to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge. For he was trained in both Greek and Latin speech. It should be noted that the title of the book On Adam without a is The Book without Letters, namely On Adam without a, On Abel without b, On Cain without c, and so with the rest according to the sequence of the letters. But in the book whose title is Exposition of the Virgilian Content, according to the Moral Philosophers, with marvelous industry he sought, and found, gold in the mud, so to speak, while he inclined the work of the poet toward physical reasoning. He wrote this work to a certain deacon. Another work, the Mythologies, he wrote to Catus, a priest of Carthage, and On the Obscure Expressions of the Ancients to Chalcidius the grammarian, already an old man, when he himself was still young and a teacher and rector in the school of humane letters. He flourished in the times of Thrasamund, king of the Vandals, persecutor of the Catholic churches, under Emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 500.

Ferrandus, deacon of the church of Carthage, to whom some little works of the above-mentioned Saint Fulgentius are extant, a man both devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and no less venerable for holiness of conduct than for doctrine, is said to have composed certain volumes of lively talent. Of these, only the following have come to my knowledge:

To Count Reginus:

On the Seven Rules of Innocence, one book. Incipit: “For the labor of social life.” This book is extant among the [Ebirbacenses?].

To Saint Fulgentius, one letter. Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He flourished with Fulgentius under Emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 500.

Anastasius II, pope, a Roman by birth, sat after the pontiff Saint Gelasius for one year and ten months. He was indeed an erudite man, but, seduced by Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, not long afterward paid the due penalties for his error. For when he wished to obey the necessity of nature, struck by God, the wretched man poured out his intestines with his feces, as is clear in Distinction 19, Anastasius. And this was the second infamous pope. He wrote to Emperor Anastasius:

On the Peace of the Church, one letter. Incipit: “The beginning of the pontificate.”

He is said to have written other letters too, but they have not come into our hands. He died, struck by divine judgment, when he had secretly wished to recall from exile Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, condemned and cast out by the Church, under Anastasius Augustus, in the year of the Lord 498.

Ana-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

The decretals of Pope [Anastasius?], and one letter, which is found in the second volume of the works of Saint Jerome.

Paschasius, deacon of the Roman church, a learned and holy man, father of the poor, wholly intent on the distribution of alms, was of such virtue and holiness that Pope Gregory writes, in the fourth book of the Dialogues, that after his death a demoniac was cured by the touch of his dalmatic. Saint Germanus, bishop of Capua, saw his soul in the pains of purgatory, tormented for no other reason than that, in the election of Pope Symmachus, he had preferred Laurentius, and had persisted in this opinion, though peacefully, until death. He wrote, as Gregory attests, a notable volume against the errors of the Greeks:

On the Holy Spirit, 3 books. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 500.

Symmachus, pope, a Sardinian by birth, a learned and holy man, obtained the pontificate after Anastasius, not without discord among the factions of Laurentius, and held it for fifteen years and six months. A man merciful and generous toward the poor, he loved the clergy, enriched the churches, and drove heretics out of the city. After holding a synod at Rome of one hundred and twenty bishops, he canonically cleared himself of the charges brought against him, and drove Peter, bishop of Ravenna, with his accomplices into exile. He wrote certain letters, works not to be despised, of which I have found:

Decree of the first synod, 1 book. It begins: “Because frequent...”

Decree of the Roman synod, 1 book. It begins: “When in one place at blessed...”

Acts of another Roman synod, 1 book. It begins: “The fourth synod held...”

On the transgressions of clerics, 1 book. It begins: “Indeed well, brotherly...”

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He died under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 515, in the eighth indiction, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of August; Pope Hormisdas succeeded him.

Symmachus the patrician, senator and Roman consul, father-in-law of Boethius, a distinguished philosopher and rhetorician, and a magnificent worshipper of the Christian faith, was banished into exile at Pavia together with Boethius by Theoderic, king of Italy, on suspicion of having aimed at liberty; and not long afterward he had him cruelly slain. Since he was a learned and most eloquent man, he composed several works, of which I have been able to find only a certain short but elegant volume:

Letters to various persons, 1 book. It begins: “Surely you laugh because...”

Of the rest I have seen nothing. He died in the reign of Anastasius, killed by Theoderic, king of Italy, at Ravenna, in the year of the Lord 524, in the eleventh indiction.

Aui-

[page] 83. ON ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS.

Avitus, bishop of Vienne, a man erudite in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, a theologian, rhetorician, and most renowned poet, who in his time was held in esteem no less for the sanctity of [his] life than for the erudition of the Scriptures, wrote, both in verse and in loose prose, not a few little works; but very few have come to my knowledge. Of these, the following, composed in heroic and elegant meter, are reported: On the origin of the world: 1 book. On original sin: 1 book. On the sentence of God: 1 book. On the flood of the world: 1 book. On the passage of the Red Sea: 1 book. On virginity, to his sister Fuscina: 1 book. Of letters to various [persons]: 9 books. Of many homilies: 1 book. And many others. He flourished under the princes Zeno and Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 500.

Godelbert, presbyter, learned by continual exercise in the divine Scriptures and rich in old reading, and moreover most erudite in secular letters, a profound theologian, renowned orator, and distinguished poet, subtle in talent and adorned in eloquence, wrote in heroic meter a most renowned work, running most elegantly through histories and allegories from the beginning of the world up to the childbirth of the Virgin; the title of which work is: Allegories of the Scriptures: 1 book. But he wrote also several others. He flourished, as they report, in the times of Anastasius Augustus, in the year of the Lord 500.

Eugypius, presbyter and abbot, erudite in the holy Scriptures, and singularly devoted to the reading of the books of Saint Augustine, and sufficiently instructed in the letters of the secular arts, illustrious also in life and in the conversation of monastic institution—to whom several letters of Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe are reported [addressed]—wrote certain necessary little works, of which I have found only the following. He culled a great volume, having three hundred chapters, from the books of blessed Augustine the bishop, [dedicated] to Proba; which begins thus: The Prologue (letter 1): "To the lady deservedly venerable…" But the book thus (book 1): "What I wrote to you…" The Life of Saint Severinus the monk: 1 book. He flourished under the emperor Anastasius, according to Honorius the presbyter; but according to Sigebert, he flourished then under Tiberius Constantine, in the times of Pope Pelagius II, in the year of the Lord 580.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Benedict, the first abbot and founder of Monte Cassino, by country a man of Nursia, the foremost founder of the monks of the West, a man of most holy conduct, illuminated with a prophetic spirit, from whose order many very learned and most holy men thereafter shone forth, converted countless peoples from iniquity to Christ by word and example. From his order the Roman see has had eighteen pontiffs, more than two hundred cardinals, sixteen hundred archbishops in various churches, and almost four thousand bishops. Distinguished abbots who were famous for learning, writings, or life: fifteen thousand seven hundred. Those canonized or entered in the catalogue of saints, as we learn from ancient records: fifteen thousand six hundred, apart from those whose names in all these categories have not come down to us. And concerning these illustrious men of our order we have already written four special books, in which we have recorded the names of some, if not of all.

Saint Benedict wrote, in a clear style and with excellent discretion:

The Rule of Monks, 1 book.

It has seventy-three chapters.

Under this rule twenty orders serve, which we have set out one by one in the first book On the Illustrious Men of Our Order, of which some are rare among us. He flourished under Justin the Elder, in the year of the Lord 530. And he died, as some hold, in the year of the Lord 542, in the fifth indiction, on the twenty-first day of the month of March, when he was sixty-two years old, on the Saturday of Holy Easter. But Marianus Scotus, an excellent computist, writes otherwise, speaking thus: If the holy father Benedict the abbot, as some write, died on the twelfth day before the Kalends of April, on the Saturday of Holy Easter, he is seen to have died in the year of the Lord 601. For unless [unclear] in the ninety-sixth year before that year, his death has no [unclear]; for if he was born then, he was very small. Therefore Saint Father Benedict died, according to this reckoning of Marianus, in the last year of the emperor Maurice, namely in the year of the Lord 601, at about the ninetieth year of his age, in the fourth indiction, on the twelfth day before the Kalends of April.

Boethius, an orator and distinguished poet, learned in the divine Scriptures, in secular letters the most learned of all in his time, was the son-in-law of the patrician Symmachus; a man most abundantly imbued with Greek and Latin eloquence, since he translated many volumes, both of Aristotle and of other philosophers, from the Attic tongue into Latin; subtle in talent, ready in understanding, and Catholic, in speech not inferior even to Tully. It is certain that he had the friendship of Saint Benedict, and that on Monte Cassino he ate at his table with Tertullus, the senator father of the monk Placidus. He wrote many excellent volumes, of which I have found the following. To Symmachus, his father-in-law, patrician of the city of Rome:

On the Holy Trinity, 1 book. Long investigated.

1 book. I ask whether the Father, Son.

Indeed anxiously and long.

I have known the Christian faith.

Unity is that by which one.

In the winter season of this year.

This second [unclear].

When these matters have been dispatched, which belong to.

The great things indeed of the book.

Alexander in the commentaries.

How great things for the studious.

Of speaking and disputing.

1 book. Many ancient philosophers.

At your exhortation, father.

Every method of making distinctions.

Many ancient Greeks.

When all the philosophers.

You ask that from the hebdomads.

Among all the authors of antiquity.

Indeed the perception of all.

Songs which certain.

But since, my patrician.

Your [unclear] knows the intention.

On the Predication of Power, 2 books.

Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

Besides these, the common Latin translation into two books of Aristotle’s Prior Analytics is believed to be by Boethius.

He is also said to have written some other works, but they have not come to my knowledge. He died in the same year as the patrician Symmachus and Pope John, under the emperor Anastasius, by order of King Theoderic at Ravenna, after a long exile, slain in prison, in the year of the Lord 524, in the second indiction. And under the name of Severinus he is said to have been entered in the catalogue of saints. Hor-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Pope Hormisdas, a Campanian by birth, after Symmachus presided over the Church as pontiff for nine years, a good, learned, and vigorous man. When a synod had been assembled at Rome, he condemned the Eutychian heresy; and the Manichaeans, springing up again, he banished into exile after their books had been burned. Among the other little works of his talent he wrote:

A synodal decree, one book.

To the Emperor Justin, letter 1. Among those things which pertain to unity

To the clerics of Second Syria, letter 2. Having read the letters of your affection

Several letters to various persons, two books.

He died under the elder Emperor Justin, in the year of the Lord 521, in the fourteenth indiction, on the eighth day before the Ides of August; John succeeded him.

And certain other things.

On the Catholic Faith, one book.

Evodius, bishop of Ticinum, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, of singular eloquence both in Greek and in Latin, was sent by Pope Hormisdas to Constantinople in matters of the faith to the heretical emperor Anastasius. After receiving many wrongs, he was driven from the city together with his companions, Anastasius saying: “Why do you deliver mandates to us, when we are under no one’s rule? The Roman pontiff ought to obey us, not also to command.” Evodius wrote to Pope Symmachus.

He flourished under the emperor Anastasius, in the year of the Lord 510.

And certain other things.

Jordanes, from a monk bishop of the Goths, a man zealous in the divine Scriptures and suitably learned in secular letters, gentle in disposition and clear in speech, an investigator of times and an unworthy writer of deeds done, is said to have composed certain distinguished volumes, of which very few have come to my knowledge. For I have found only:

[unclear]

In the first of these he reviewed the deeds of the Romans, but in the second the origin and deeds of the Goths, down to the end of their kingdom.

He flourished under the emperor Justinian, in the year of the Lord 530.

Faustus, a monk and disciple of our most holy father Benedict, an Italian by nationality, a man venerable in [unclear] and morals, when he was seven years old was offered by his parents to the divine father Benedict. By him, at length, after the perfect instruction of the regular profession, he was sent with blessed Maurus into Gaul to build a monastery; there, having lived among many in great holiness, after Saint Maurus had died he returned to Monte Cassino. At the request of the brothers, however, he wrote in a very clear [unclear]

92 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] in eloquence, to Boniface, the second pontiff of the city of Rome,

The Life of Saint Maurus the Abbot, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Phocas, in the year of the Lord 600.

Justinian the Great, emperor, nephew through his sister of the elder Justin, who reigned afterward for 38 years, a man of great and excellent talent, deservedly gained a place among the ecclesiastical writers. He both published a most distinguished volume against the heretics and, through the hands of John the patrician and the consuls Theophilus and Dorotheus, with marvelous brevity corrected the Roman laws, which lay in more than two thousand books. For, reducing to twelve books all the constitutions of the emperors that were contained in many volumes, he called it the Code. Again, reducing the laws of the individual magistrates and judges, which had extended to nearly two thousand books, as we have said, to the number of fifty books in three volumes:

The Code of the Digests, or Pandects, 50 books.

The Institutes, 4 books. “The imperial majesty...”

Epitome of the Laws, one book. “O...”

On the Incarnation of the Lord, against Eutyches, 3 books.

Against the African Bishops, one book. “These things which necessarily...”

Who would doubt that he also wrote other works, especially many elegant letters, which have not come into our hands? At last, in his old age, having become mad and foolish, he died in the year of the Lord 565, in the thirteenth indiction. Justin the Younger succeeded him.

Dionysius, a Roman abbot, surnamed, as is said, Exiguus, a man certainly great and very renowned in talent and knowledge, learned in the holy Scriptures, and nobly instructed in the discipline of secular letters, distinguished in Greek and Latin eloquence, an outstanding computist and calculator of times, wrote some little works in the Latin tongue. Of these I have found only the following:

The Great Paschal Cycle of 532 Years, one book. “O...”

On the Reckoning of the Paschal Feast, one book. “The reckoning of the Paschal feast...”

I have found nothing about the rest. He translated from Greek into Latin the life of Saint Pachomius the abbot, also the book of Gregory of Emesa on the condition of man, the writings of Proterius, bishop of Alexandria, to Pope Leo, and certain other things. He began his cycle in the year of the Lord 532, which was the last year of the great paschal cycle; once completed, it always returns to the same point.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He therefore flourished under Justinian the Great, emperor, in the year of the Lord 540.

Facundus, bishop of Hermiane, sufficiently learned in the holy Scriptures, is said to have written some volumes for the edification of readers. Of these there has come down to us only a great and excellent work, composed in an elegant style and furnished with great authorities of the ancients:

In Defense of the Three Chapters, 12 books.

He flourished under the emperor Justinian, in the year of the Lord 540.

Justinian, bishop of Valencia, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of human letters, had from one mother three brothers who were bishops, namely Justus, Nebridius, and Elpidius, learned and erudite men who wrote various little works, which nevertheless have by no means come into our hands. He himself, among other things, composed for a certain man named Rusticus:

On Five Questions, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in Spain under the emperor Justinian, in the year of the Lord 540.

Justus, bishop of the church of Urgell, brother of the aforesaid bishop Justinian, himself also a man practiced and learned in the holy Scriptures, of excellent talent in expounding the divine and canonical volumes, wrote a sufficiently elegant and commendable volume in a scholastic style:

On the Song of Songs, one book. And many other things.

He flourished with his brother under the emperor Justin, in the year of the Lord 530.

Apringius, bishop of the church of Pax in Spain, learned in the divine Scriptures and most erudite in secular letters, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, expounded the sacred Scriptures so gloriously and profoundly that, in comparison with him, the ancient writers seemed not to have expounded them. Of his little works there exists a notable volume, with subtle meaning and illustrious style:

On the Apocalypse of John, one book.

On the Song of Songs, one book.

He also published many other works, which have not come into our hands.

He flourished in the times of Theodotus, king of the Goths, under Justinian the Great, emperor, in the year of the Lord 530. Cassio-

94 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Cassiodorus, monk and abbot of a monastery near the city of Ravenna, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and, in secular letters, easily the most erudite of all in his time, shone forth most illustriously no less in holiness than in knowledge. He was first chancellor of Theoderic, king of Italy, and a senator of Ravenna, and later consul of the city of Rome; afterward, despising the vain honors of the world for the love of God, he became a monk. From then on, applying the study of humane letters to the exposition of the holy Scriptures, he composed many very elegant treatises. Of his works the following are reported: In the person both of himself and of King Theoderic, he wrote

Letters to Various Persons, 28 books.

[unclear]

On the Nature of the Soul, 1 book. “When now the undertaking [unclear]” 1 book.

On the Whole Psalter, 1 book. “Blessed is the man,” etc. “Exceedingly”

An Introduction to Divine Readings, 2 books. “When the pursuits of secular studies”

On the Song of Songs, 1 book. “Solomon, inspired”

An Introduction to Secular Letters, 9 books. “Our purpose is”

He compiled the Tripartite History, 12 books. “Very usefully at the beginning”

A Catalogue of the Roman Consuls, 1 book.

On Etymologies, 1 book.

The Priest Previously Noted, 1 book.

On Figures and Tropes, 1 book.

A Memorial of the Scriptures, 1 book.

On Orthography, 1 book.

A Summary on the Apocalypse, 1 book.

On the Canonical Epistles, 7 books.

[unclear]

He also composed many other works which have not come to the knowledge of our reading. He flourished in the times of Justin the Elder down almost to the end of the reign of Justin the Younger, being more than 58 years of age, in the year of the Lord 575.

Arator, subdeacon of the sacrosanct Roman Church, a man practiced in the divine Scriptures and nobly learned in the letters of secular disciplines, powerful in verse and prose, subtle in intellect, clear and polished in speech, wrote a very notable volume, composed in meter, to a certain abbot Florianus:

On the Acts of the Apostles, 1 book. “That Judea of its crime”

To Abbot Florianus, 1 epistle. “They who flourish in merits”

To Pope Vigilius, 1 epistle. “With wave-beaten walls”

And certain other things which I have not seen.

This Arator, a very illustrious poet and notable theologian, offered to Pope Vigilius, before the confession of Saint Peter on the seventh day before the Ides of April, in the presence of many bishops and learned men, the codex on the Acts of the Apostles which he had composed in elegant meter; and, at the pontiff’s command, [unclear] in great part

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He recited it publicly before everyone. As the hour was passing, Pope Vigilius handed the volume to the venerable Surgentius, the primicerius, to be placed in the archive, so that he might read it through at a time of leisure. All the learned men earnestly begged His Holiness to order the book to be read before them in its entirety. When he had ordered this to be done in the church of Saint Peter in Chains, a great crowd of religious men and noble laymen assembled; and, as Arator himself recited in clear words, both books were heard four times, since on one day only half a book was read, because of the continual repetitions which the listeners requested with manifold favor. Where now, in these times, is such zeal for letters? Where is love of saving knowledge? Our religious and nobles, clerics also and pontiffs, heap up not books but revenues; not letters, but avarice do they cultivate. Now Antimachus reads many poems, and, as individuals withdraw, scarcely a single Plato is found and remains. But of these matters we are now speaking out of season. Arator flourished under the emperor Justinian, in the year of the Lord 540.

Victor, bishop of the Cummenian church in Africa, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, was banished into exile in Egypt by the emperor Justinian and Eutychius, bishop of the city of Constantinople, for his defense of the Three Chapters. Summoned back again from there to Constantinople, when he resisted the emperor and the bishop, detractors of the same Chapters, he was sent to be guarded in a monastery of the same city; and, remaining under the same condemnation, as they say, he died. Among the other little works of his talent he wrote, from the beginning of the world down to the first year of Justin the Younger, a very useful history concerning deeds and ecclesiastical wars: History, one book. For the Defense of the Three Chapters, and certain other works. He flourished under the emperor Justinian, in the year of the Lord 540.

Gregory, the first pope from the monks of the order of Saint Benedict, a Roman by nation, sat after Pope Pelagius in the chair of Peter for thirteen years and six months. He was a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and indeed most highly instructed in secular letters, prince of theologians, splendor of philosophers, and light of rhetoricians, whole and most holy in life and conduct. When he was explaining the divine Scriptures, the Holy Spirit several times appeared to him in visible form, and in visible teaching revealed to him the secrets of their mysteries. He, at Rome, at Saint Peter’s, held a synod of twenty-four bishops,

On Ecclesiastical Writers

he established many things for the benefit of the Church, and promulgated the decree concerning the immunity of monasteries. He wrote, moreover, several necessary volumes, of which the following are reported:

To Leander, bishop of Seville:

Moralia on the Book of Job, 35 books. “Among many often...”

On Pastoral Care, 2 books. “Pastoral care me...”

Dialogues on the miracles of the saints, 4 books. “One day, when too much...”

On the Song of Songs, 4 books. “After from paradise...”

On the prophet Ezekiel, 2 books. “Of almighty God...”

Brief homilies on the Gospels, 2 books. “The Lord and our Redeemer...”

A brief explanation of the four Gospels, 4 books. “Matthew, as in order...”

On the seven penitential psalms, 1 book. “If enticed...”

Letters to various persons, 10 books. “Gregory, bishop, servant...” or “Very necessary...”

Rationale of Divine Offices, 1 book.

Preface to the New and Old Testament, 1 book.

On the Sacraments, 1 book.

There is extant among the Eberbach books a brief and learned disputation of Gregory against the Arians, which begins: “For love of the Catholic faith.”

When he was still a levite, in the person of Pope Pelagius he composed a very distinguished letter to Elias, bishop of Aquileia, who refused to accept the Three Chapters of the Council of Chalcedon; this letter is not found among his letters. It is reported also that he composed many other works, namely on the prophets, on the Books of Kings, also on the books of Moses, and on other holy scriptures. After his death, before these had yet been multiplied, his most wicked rivals, envying his glory and sanctity, burned them with fire, as John the Deacon complains in the book of his life. The most blessed Pope Gregory died in the second year of the emperor Phocas, which was the year of the Lord 605, in the eighth indiction, on the fourth day before the Ides of March, shining with many miracles.

Leander, bishop of Seville, formerly a monk, by country from the province of Carthagena in Spain, born of his father Severianus, was a man most devoted to study and nobly learned both in the divine scriptures and in secular letters, pleasing in speech, most excellent in talent, and also holy in life and conduct and beloved of God. By his preaching and industry Hermenegild, son of Leuvigild, the Arian king of the Goths, was brought back to the confession of the orthodox faith and, on the vigil of Easter, was killed by his heretical father and received the crown of martyrdom. His brother [Richardus?], as soon as he received the kingdom after his father’s death, at Leander’s urging and preaching renounced heresy and converted the whole people of the Visigoths subject to him to the Catholic faith. To this Leander blessed Gregory dedicated the volumes of his commentaries on Job. Leander himself wrote several little works, of which the following are reported. When, on account of the Catholic faith, he had been banished into exile by the Arians, he wrote:

Against Heretics, 2 books.

Against the institutions of the Arians, 1 book.

On Virginity, to Florentina, 1 book.

Prayers in a double edition on the Psalms, 1 book.

On Contempt of Death, to his brother, 1 book.

On the praise of sacrifices, 1 book.

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

But he published some other works which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the year of the Lord 590, under the emperor Maurice. He died under [Richardus?], the most devout prince of the Goths, renowned for miracles.

Priscian the grammarian, by country from Caesarea, a man most learned in secular letters, skilled in Greek and Latin eloquence, held in great esteem at the court of Chosroes, king of the Persians, wrote certain distinguished volumes in the grammatical art, which among the ancients were held in great authority. Of these the following are reported. To Julian the patrician:

On the Parts of Speech, 2 books.

On Construction, 1 book.

On Accents, 1 book.

On Cosmography, 1 book.

On Natural Questions, to Chosroes, 1 book.

He is said to have written some other works also, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished, as some hold, in the times of Chosroes, king of the Persians, and of the emperor Heraclius, in the year of the Lord 610.

Marcus, a monk, disciple of the holy father Benedict and very dearly beloved by him, a man learned in the divine scriptures, most pious in secular letters, a distinguished orator and poet, eminent in morals and conduct, wrote after blessed Pope Gregory, adding certain things in a most elegant flowing heroic verse:

The Life of Saint Benedict, 1 book. And certain other things.

He was illustrious down to the reign of the emperor Heraclius Augustus, in the year of the Lord 610.

Fortunatus, bishop of Poitiers, an Italian by nation, a man [unclear], subtle in talent, polished and eloquent in speech, excellent in verse and prose, shone forth among all the teachers of his age no less clearly for the holiness of his conduct than for the knowledge of his learning. He, by the power of Saint Mar-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

...freed by [Martin?] from pain in his eyes, he came to Tours to his tomb to give thanks; and, proceeding to Poitiers, he was ordained there first priest and then bishop, and was distinguished for great learning and religion. He also wrote many useful and devout little works in elegant verse, of which I have seen only the following:

To Saint Radegund, daughter of the last king of the Thuringians, captive of the king of the Franks, later abbess of the monastery of Poitiers, in hexameter verse: The Destruction of the Kingdom of the Thuringians, one book.

To [Iuininius?] on Radegund, one book.

To Justin the Younger, one book.

To Sophia Augusta, one book.

In the Person of Radegund, one book.

In Praise of Bishop Martin, one book.

On Leontius, the Venerable Bishop, one book.

In Praise of the Same, one book.

Hymns, seventy-seven, one book.

On the Miracles of Saint Martin, four books.

The Life of Saint Hilary of Poitiers, [unclear] book.

To Oporicus, on His Life, one book.

The Life of Saint Maurilius, Bishop, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

Poems to Friends, one book. Incipit: “Rex regionis apex.”

He composed many other works also, but since they are brief, I did not wish to record them under the name of books. For he wrote many epitaphs and short verses, which I have seen. He flourished under Justin the Younger Augustus, in the year of the Lord 570.

Gregory, bishop of Tours, formerly a monk, once a disciple of Saint Avitus, bishop of Clermont, a learned and noble man, also gentle and humble, was of such sanctity and purity that even in life he shone with miracles. Visiting the thresholds of the apostles Peter and Paul, he was received by the blessed Pope Gregory with the greatest reverence and charity, as truly a saint, and was loved by him as a singular and unique friend. He wrote several volumes in a simple and open style, of which there are extant:

On the Praise of the Holy Martyrs, one book. Incipit: “Hieronymus presbyter Statueram illa tantum scrib[ere?]”

On the Miracles of Saint Julian the Martyr, one book. Incipit: “Magnum in nobis quo Omnibus sanctis in Chri[sto?]”

On the Miracles of Saint Martin, one book.

[unclear]

Abbot of Sponheim.

History of the Franks, ten books. Incipit: “Scripturus bella regum.”

Epicoma of the Same, one book.

Chronicle of Ecclesiastical History, one book.

The other things which he composed have not yet come to the knowledge of our reading. He flourished in the time of the emperor Maurice, in the year of the Lord 600.

Martinus, bishop of Dumium, once also rector and abbot of a monastery, a man learned both in the divine scriptures and in secular letters, coming from the regions of the East into Gaul, converted the people of the Sueves by teaching and miracles from Arian impiety to the right faith; he established rules of orthodox faith, founded monasteries, and reformed churches. He wrote to Mito, king of Galicia, an instructive volume on the four virtues which they call cardinal, which he wished to entitle:

Formula of an Honorable Life, one book. Incipit: “Gloriosissimo et tran[quillissimo?]”

Moral Letters, one book, and certain other things which I have not seen.

He flourished under Teudemir, king of the Sueves, while Justinian Augustus governed the empire of Constantinople, in the year of the Lord 540.

Paterius, of Rome, notary and secundicerius of the church, a man trained by constant study in the divine scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, collected all the testimonies of divine scripture by which the blessed Pope Gregory elucidated the obscure points of his exposition, and published three books: namely two on the testimonies of the Old Testament and one on the testimonies of the New Testament. He entitled this codex:

Testimonies, one book. Incipit: “Dum beatissimi atque apostolici.”

It exists among the Eberbach monks.

Of the rest I have seen nothing. He flourished at Rome at the same time when Pope Gregory presided over the universal church; and at his urging he brought together the aforesaid volume, while Maurice Augustus held the empire, and afterward, with him, Phocas, in the year of the Lord 600.

Columbanus, first founder and abbot of the monastery of Luxeuil, a Scot by nation, a man of distinguished sanctity, merit, and learning, father of many thousands of monks and founder of several monasteries, an outstanding sower of the divine word, coming from Ireland into Gaul and Germany, increased divine worship, monasteries, and servants, like once the chief of the Druids. When he was still rather young, he devoted great study to sacred letters, so that in an elegant style he wrote:

Commentary on the Whole Psalter, one book, and certain letters to the brethren.

He died under the emperor Maurice, in the year of the Lord 598, in the first indiction, on the eleventh day before the Kalends of December.

Jo

100 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

John, bishop of Constantinople, a Cappadocian by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, of inestimable abstinence and holiness, so intent upon almsgiving and works of piety that he ordered all the begging poor to be expelled from the city of Constantinople. He wrote in Greek to St. Leander, bishop of Seville, of whom we spoke above:

On the sacrament of baptism, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

And certain other things. He flourished under the emperor Maurice, in the year of the Lord 600.

Licinianus, bishop of Cartagena Spartaria, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, after many exercises in study, was killed at Constantinople by his rivals with a cup of poison, under the emperor Maurice. Nor did sudden death harm him, as Scripture says: “The just man, by whatever death he has been overtaken, shall be in refreshment.” For then he truly began to live, when, adorned with good works, he went through death to Christ, never to die. He wrote certain little works of reading not to be despised, of which I have not yet deserved to see any. His little work is reported, however:

On the sacrament of baptism, one book. To Abbot Eutropius, one book of letters. To various persons also, one book of letters.

And certain other things. He flourished under the emperor Maurice, in the year of the Lord 590.

Severus, bishop of the city of Malaga, sometime associate and colleague of the aforesaid bishop Licinianus, a man learned in the holy Scriptures and nobly instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, sharp in intellect, distinguished in speech, wrote against Vincentius, bishop of the city of Zaragoza, who had slipped from the Catholic faith into Arian depravity:

A Correctory, one book. On Virginity, to his sister, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He flourished in the year of the Lord 580, under the emperor Maurice, under whom he also died.

[unclear] Eutropius, bishop of the church of Valencia, formerly abbot of the monastery of Servitanum, of the order of St. Benedict, to whom Licinianus the bishop wrote many letters while he was still dwelling in the aforesaid monastery, a man magnificently learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, and especially imbued with monastic disciplines, while he was still abbot wrote to Bishop Licinianus:

Why, after these things, the anointing of chrism is given to baptized infants, one book. And several letters to various persons.

The Abbot of Spanheim

He flourished in the times of the emperor Maurice, in the year of the Lord 600.

John, bishop of Girona, formerly a monk of our order, a Goth by nation, from the province of Lusitania, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and distinguished also in morals and conduct, was learned and renowned in the Greek and Latin tongues. When as a young man he sought Constantinople out of love of learning, after seven years had passed he returned to Spain. King Leovigild, when he wished to draw him over to Arian impiety and could not, condemned him to a very harsh exile for ten years. Then, recalled by the most Christian king Reccared, he founded a monastery, where by word and example he showed his brothers the path of regular discipline. He wrote:

An Exhortatory to Monks, one book. Additions to the Chronicle, one book.

He also composed many other things which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Reccared, the most Christian king of the Visigoths in Spain, in the times of the emperors Maurice and Phocas, in the year of the Lord 600.

Maximus, bishop of the city of Zaragoza, learned in the divine Scriptures and not moderately instructed in secular letters, ready in intellect and polished in speech, excellent in verse and [unclear], published in both styles sufficiently distinguished volumes, which have not yet at all come to the knowledge of our reading. There is reported, however, his notable volume and pleasing work:

On the Deeds of the Goths in Spain, one book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Phocas, in the year of the Lord [610].

Jonas, monk and disciple of St. Columbanus the abbot, and companion of his pilgrimage, a Scot by nation, a zealous man, learned and distinguished in knowledge, venerable no less for religion than for doctrine, at the brothers’ request and for the edification of many, wrote in composed discourse:

The Life of Saint Columbanus, one book. The Life of Saint Attala the Monk, one book. The Life of Saint Eustasius the Abbot, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Heraclius, in the year of the Lord 630.

Leontius, bishop of the city of Neapolis on the island of Cyprus, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, in life

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He, also most renowned in life and conduct, and a prelate worthy of God, wrote, among the other little works of his talent, a notable volume on the acts and conduct of that admirable patriarch of Alexandria who, because of his incredible piety and compassion toward the poor, was surnamed John the Almsgiver, one book. I have found nothing about the rest. He flourished in the time of the emperor Phocas, in the year of the Lord 610.

Isidore the Younger, bishop of Seville after Leander, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, second to none in his time in secular letters, subtle in intellect, clear in judgment, composed in speech, excellent in verse and prose, no less distinguished for holiness than for learning, shone forth. He is called the Younger to distinguish him from the elder, the bishop of Corduba, of whom we made mention above, or also from another bishop of Seville who preceded him. This Isidore the Younger wrote many distinguished little works, of which I have found only the following:

To Bishop Braulio, one book of Etymologies: “Discipline from learning.”

On Genesis allegorically, one book: “The sacred history of the law.”

One book: “Certain mysteries.”

On Exodus, one book: “Therefore this one book.”

On Numbers, one book: “The following Leviticus [unclear].”

On Leviticus, one book: “The book of Deuteronomy.”

On Deuteronomy, one book: “After the death of Moses.”

On Joshua, one book.

On Judges, one book: “The history of the Judges.”

On Kings, four books: “After the book of Judgment follows.”

On Ruth, one book. On Chronicles, two books.

On Ezra and Nehemiah, one book. On Tobit, one book.

On Judith, one book. On Esther, one book.

On Job, one book. On the Psalter, one book.

On the Proverbs of Solomon, one book. On Ecclesiastes, one book.

On the Song of Songs, one book. On the Book of Wisdom, one book.

On Ecclesiasticus, one book. On the prophet Isaiah, one book.

On Jeremiah, one book. On Ezekiel, one book.

On the prophet Daniel, one book. On the Twelve Minor Prophets, one book.

On Maccabees, one book. Of Interpretation, seven books.

On the four Gospels, one book. On the Canonical Epistles, one book.

On the epistles of Paul, one book. On the Apocalypse, one book.

On the Acts of the Apostles, one book: “To my lord, the servant of God Pro-”

The Abbot of Sponheim

One book of proems: “The five books of Moses.”

One book of Differences: “Between God and the Lord.”

On the birth and death of the saints, one book: “Adam the first-formed [unclear].”

To his sister, against the Jews, two books: “Holy lady, flower [unclear].”

Of Synonyms or Soliloquies, two books: “Recently there came into my hands.”

On Illustrious Men, one book: “Osius, citizen of Corduba.”

On the Highest Good, of Sentences, three books: “The highest good is God.”

On the origin of offices, two books: “Those things which concerning the offices [unclear].”

On the Holy Trinity, one book. On the body and blood of the Lord, four books.

On the office of the Mass, one book. A decree of canons, one book.

On computus and the nature of things, one book. On the property of things, one book.

Of sermons, one book. Of ecclesiastical dogmas, one book.

The lament of a penitent, one book.

On astronomy.

A history or chronicle, [five?] books. On cosmography, [unclear] books.

On grammar and words.

Also one book of Allegories: “Mysteries of sacred Scripture.”

On heresies, one book. Of letters to various persons, [unclear] books.

He is said to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Heraclonas, son of Heraclius, in the year of the Lord 630, in the time of Sisebut, king of the Goths in Spain. Because of his most holy life and conduct he was inserted into the catalogue of the saints; his feast is celebrated on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of February.

Caesarius, from a monk of the monastery of Lerins bishop of Arles, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, gentle in intellect, sweet and adorned in speech, graced by a wonderful brevity of sentences, most holy in life and conduct, since from his youth he had been instructed in monastic disciplines and had been abbot of Lerins for a long time, wrote certain distinguished little works of reading not to be despised, which are very necessary and useful for monastic religious persons and persons dedicated to God. Of these there are extant:

On grace and free will, one book.

Of sermons to monks, one book: “I fear in Christ [unclear].”

Some of these sermons are extant among the Eberbach monks.

A decree of three councils of Arles, three books. I have found nothing about the rest.

In the third sermon, which is on the struggle of the monk against the vices, he acknowledges that those to whom he is speaking are professed monks of the order of the rule of our most holy father Benedict.

Cla-

104 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished in the times of the emperor Constantine, son of Heraclius, and of his sons, in the year of the Lord 670; under them he gloriously presided over the synod of Arles.

Audoenus, also called Dado, bishop of Rouen, a Gaul by nationality, brother of Saint Ado the monk, a learned and most holy man, founder of the monastery of Resbacum, since he was learned both in the sacred Scriptures and also in secular letters, wrote in a most elegant style to Rupert, bishop of Paris:

The Life of Saint Eligius, bishop of Noyon, 3 books.

And certain other works.

He flourished in much holiness, virtues, and signs, in the times of the aforesaid emperor Constantine, in the year of the Lord 660.

Theodorus, seventh archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated by Pope Vitalian, a Greek by nationality, from Tarsus of Cilicia, a monk of our order in the city of Rome, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, second to none in his time in secular letters, very skilled in Greek and Latin speech, also excelling in verse and in prose, no less distinguished for holiness than for learning, held a synod in England and established many things for the advantage of the English church. Among the other monuments of his talent he wrote an excellent work on the character of the penance to be imposed on those who had offended in many crimes; the title of this work is:

The Penitential of Theodorus, 1 book.

Also some letters to various persons.

He died, not without a reputation for holiness, under Justinian the Younger as emperor, in the year of the Lord 690, in the third indiction, in the seventy-eighth year of his age and the twenty-second of his episcopate.

Leo, the second pope, a Sicilian by nationality, sat in the chair of Peter after Agatho for only eleven months, a man most learned in divine and secular writings, sufficiently instructed in the Greek and Latin language, subtle and eloquent, no less holy than learned. He translated from Greek into Latin the sixth synod, which in the time of Pope Agatho, his predecessor, had been celebrated in the city of Constantinople, in which Macarius, bishop of Antioch, was condemned with his accomplices, the bishops Cyrus, Sergius, Honorius, Pyrrhus, Paul, and Peter, who taught as doctrine that there was only one will and operation in our Lord Jesus Christ. He also wrote:

Many letters to various persons, 1 book. And certain similar works.

Mo-

Abbot of Spanheim.

He died under the emperor Constantine, son of Constantine, in the year of the Lord 677, in the fifth indiction, on the fifth day before the Nones of July.

Adamannus, priest and abbot of the monastery of Hii, which Saint Columbanus once built on an island of Scotland, a man very devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, cautious in intellect and sweet in eloquence, distinguished in life and conduct, not without a reputation for holiness, was the father of many monks. Among other things, in a sufficiently well-composed style, he wrote a volume

On the Places of the Holy Land, one book.

There survives in the library of the abbey of Eberbach part of that book, on the location of Jerusalem,

and certain letters.

He flourished under Justinian the younger, Augustus, in the year of the Lord 690.

Benedict, an abbot in Britain, a man both devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and an outstanding preserver and extender of regular discipline, wrote a distinguished little work for monks, in which, comparing all the rules of the holy fathers with the Rule of our most blessed father Benedict, he shows that the rule of all the others agrees with it, and that it is at variance with none at all. For this reason he entitled his book

The Concord of the Rules, one book. He also wrote other things.

He flourished under the emperor Constantine, in the year of the Lord 670.

Aldhelm, bishop of the West Saxons, formerly abbot of the monastery of Malmesbury in Scotia, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a devout man and of exceptional holiness, devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and in secular letters the most learned of all in England in his time, excellent in verse and prose, a most fervent preacher of the divine word, wrote certain instructive volumes in both styles; of these I have found only the following. While he was still abbot, at the command of the synod of his people, he wrote against the error of the Britons a distinguished and useful work:

On the Celebration of Easter, one book. “Almighty begetter [unclear]”

One book. “Most reverend man of Christ [unclear]”

One book. Many letters to various persons.

He is also read to have written many other things, which have not come to the knowledge of our reading. O Cla

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished under Justinian the Younger, in the year of the Lord 680.

Ceolfrid, after Benedict the second abbot of the monastery of the holy apostles Peter and Paul in England, of the Order of Saint Benedict, teacher and fosterer of Bede the priest, a devout and learned man, and [unclear] governor of regular discipline, wrote to the king of the Picts, at his request, a quite lengthy letter in the form of a little book:

On the Observance of Easter, one book.

He flourished in England in the times of the emperor Justinian the Younger, in the year of the Lord 680. At length, while returning after visiting the thresholds of the apostles, he died in the city of Langres, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.

Aegidius, a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, Greek by nation, learned in the divine Scriptures and very skilled in secular letters, an eminent physician, philosopher, and poet, venerable no less in manner of life than in knowledge, wrote certain little works of usefulness not to be despised, of which I have found only the following:

An eminent work composed in meter, one book. “With modest powers of talent...” On pulses. “With modest powers of talent...” On veins also. “Hence it is called a vein, when it becomes...” Of the others I have seen nothing. On urines, one book. “It is called urine, because...”

He flourished under the emperor Tiberius, in the year of the Lord 700.

Bede, monk and priest of the monastery of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, which is in England, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man most devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned, and very skilled in secular letters, an eminent philosopher, astronomer, calculator, and poet. Not ignorant of the Greek language, outstanding in talent, not over-elaborate in speech, yet sweet and well ordered, he wrote many volumes, in which the keenness of his intellect is proved. When he was seven years old, by the care of his relatives he was given to be educated by Abbot Benedict, and then by Ceolfrid of the said monastery of [Wearmouth?]; and spending all the time of his life thereafter in residence in the same monastery, he devoted all his effort to meditation on the Scriptures, and, amid the observance of regular discipline and the daily care of singing in church, he always found it sweet either to learn, or to teach, or to write. In the nineteenth year of his age he received the diaconate, and in the thirtieth the rank of priesthood, both through the ministry of Bishop John, at the command of Abbot Ceolfrid. From the time when he received the priesthood until the end of his life he composed the following little works:

The Abbot of Sponheim

On Genesis as far as Isaac, four books. On Numbers, one book. On Deuteronomy, two books. On the Beginning of Kings, five books. On Thirty Questions on Kings, one book. On the Building of the Temple, two books. On Joshua, one book. On Chronicles, two books. On the Proverbs of Solomon, one book. On Ecclesiastes, one book. On the Song of Songs, six books. On Ezra and Nehemiah, three books. On Tobit, one book. On Isaiah the Prophet, two books. On Ezekiel, one book. On the Twelve Minor Prophets, twelve books. On the Gospel of Mark, four books. On the Gospel of Luke, six books. Homilies on the Gospels, two books. On the Epistles of Paul, fourteen books. On the Canonical Epistles, seven books. On the Acts of the Apostles, two books. On the Apocalypse, three books. On Times and the Nature of Things, two books. Another smaller volume, two books. Sparks from the Sentences of the Fathers, one book. Deeds of the English, five books. Flowers of Blessed Gregory on the Song of Songs, two books. Deeds of Various Saints, one book. On the Passion of Saint Felix, one book. Life of Saint Albert the Bishop, two books. Chronicle of his own monastery, two books. Martyrology, one book. Hymns in various meter, one book. Epigrams in heroic meter, one book. On the Holy Places, one book. Readings on the Old Testament, one book. Readings of the New Testament, one book. On Exodus, two books. On Leviticus, two books. On the Tabernacle and Its Vessels, [unclear] books. “To the most beloved brother no...” [unclear] “He exhorts us, the chosen vessel...” On Judges, three books. Parables in Greek, Latin... “Scripture, with grace assisting...” “Outstanding among the sacred...” “The book of our holy father...” On Jeremiah, two books. On Daniel, one book. Exposition of the Gospel. “Blessed Luke the evangelist...” “But the Acts of the Apostles...” “The Apocalypse of Saint John...” On the Nature of Things and the Reckoning [of Time]... “[unclear] says in the Gospel...” “Britain, an island of the Ocean...” In the exposition of the Song... “First God [created?] the globe...”

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Distinctions on Jeremiah, one book. On Christ and the Church, two books. On Metrical Art, one book. On Figures, one book. On Orthography, one book. He also published many other works besides, which have not come to the knowledge of our reading. His little works, even while he was still living and always writing new ones, were of such authority that, by ordinance of the prelates of England, they were read publicly in the churches. And when in the heading of the homilies they wrote, according to custom, the name of the author, “of the venerable priest Bede,” since they could not proclaim him otherwise while he was alive, the title once assigned from the beginning has endured down to the present day, so that Bede is called “venerable” rather than “saint.” For while he was alive it was not permitted to call him otherwise, even if he was holy. There are those who invent other reasons for this title “venerable”: some from the inscription of the epitaph, others dreaming that Bede was blind. But they are wrong, since Bede was not blind, nor do we know that such an epitaph was inscribed on his tomb. And indeed, if I were not consulting brevity, I would very easily refute these ravings. He died under the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 732, in the fifteenth indiction, in the seventy-second year of his age, on the day before the Kalends of June.

Gregory, the second pope, a Roman by birth, sat in the chair of Peter after the pontiff Constantine for sixteen years and nine months, a man certainly learned and most holy; he ordained Boniface, a monk, English by nation, as bishop of Mainz. He wrote certain little works full of learning, of which the following are reported: To the Questions of Justinian. Against Leo Augustus, one book. To John, bishop of Constantinople, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. He died under the emperor Leo, in the year of the Lord 734, in the fourteenth indiction, on the Ides of February; Gregory the Third succeeded him.

Boniface, the first archbishop of Mainz, a Scot by nation, a monk of the order of St. Benedict, when he was a boy of five years was offered by his parents to a monastery in England which is called Mischele. There, devoting himself to letters and morals, he became both a learned and most holy man. After he had been ordained priest, out of love of pilgrimage for Christ he came to Germany; and there, preaching the word of God, he was ordained bishop of Mainz by Pope Gregory the Second, and by his successor Gregory the Third he was raised to archbishop, primate of Germany. Since he was a learned man, he taught the people committed to him not only by word but by writings. Of his little works I have found only: Letters to various persons, one book. The Life of Certain Saints, [unclear] books. He died in Frisia while preaching, crowned with martyrdom, in the times of the emperor Pippin, in the year of the Lord 755, in the eighth indiction, in the thirty-sixth year of his episcopate, on the Nones of June. His body blessed Lullus, whom he had ordained archbishop after himself, caused to be brought back to the monastery of Fulda, situated in Buchonia, and to be honorably buried.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Verus, bishop of Hispalis in the province of Baetica, where Isidore once held the episcopate, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, sharp in intellect, brilliant in speech, distinguished no less in life than in learning, wrote for the edification of the faithful, especially of the church of [Aransica?] in the Gauls, renowned for virtues and miracles: The Life of Bishop Eutropius, one book. And certain other things. He is said to have flourished in the times of the emperor Pippin, in the year of the Lord 760.

Walafrid, abbot of St. Gall, as is said, a German by nation, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures, in secular letters the most learned of all in his time, renowned for eloquent talent, strong in verse and prose, a monarch of regular discipline, father of many monks, wrote for the edification of all the faithful who read devoutly: The Life of St. Gall in prose, one book. The same afterward in meter, one book. On the Divine Offices, [unclear] books. Many letters to various persons. And he is said to have written some other things which have not come into our hands. He flourished in the times of Augustus Tiberius, around the years of the Lord 700.

Gregory, the third pope, presided over the universal Roman Church after Gregory the Second for [unclear] years, a pious, merciful, and most holy man, very learned both in secular letters and in the divine Scriptures, distinguished in Greek and Latin eloquence. Having held a synod at Rome, he excommunicated the emperors Leo and Constantine, who despised the images of the saints, and deposed them from imperial rule. He also wrote, among other things, to the same emperors: An Admonition, one book. To the same, one book. Against the same, [unclear] books. Letters to various persons, one book. And

On Ecclesiastical Writers

And certain other things. He died under the emperors Leo and Constantine in the year of the Lord 742, in the tenth indiction, on the fourth day before the Kalends of December.

John, monk and priest, surnamed Chrysorrhoas, a Damascene by birth from Syria, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, and no less renowned for his life than for his knowledge, encouraged and stirred by the writings of Pope Gregory III, in which he attacked the error of the emperor Leo, himself also wrote for his Greeks, in the Greek language:

Against the emperor Leo, 2 books.

And certain other things. He flourished under the emperor Leo, in the year 730.

Willibald, first bishop of Eichstatt, a Scot by birth, brother of Saint Walburga, virgin and abbess of Heidenheim, monk and disciple of Saint Boniface the martyr, of the order of Saint Benedict, a learned and most holy man, distinguished in talent and eloquence, wrote for the edification of the faithful, at the request of Saint Lullus, archbishop of Mainz, in a sufficiently distinguished style:

The Life of Saint Boniface, bishop, 1 book. “Therefore the illustrious and truly...”

I do not know whether he published anything further. He flourished under Pippin, father of Charlemagne, in the year of the Lord 760.

Pope Zacharias, a Greek by birth, after Gregory III presided over the universal Church for ten years. He was a most learned man, who on account of his erudition and the holiness of his life is rightly judged comparable with the best pontiffs. He translated the four books of dialogues of blessed Pope Gregory the Great from Latin into Greek, and enlightened many ignorant of the Latin tongue by their reading. He also wrote from his own vein, in Latin speech, very elegant and useful:

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

Among these several to Saint Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, are extant. He died under Pippin, two years before the martyrdom of the same Saint Boniface, in the year of the Lord 752, in the fifth indiction, on the Ides of March.

Alcuin, or Albinus, monk and deacon, abbot of the monastery of Saint Martin of Tours, an Englishman by birth, once a hearer of Saint Bede the priest, a man most learned in the divine writings, and in knowledge of secular letters second to none in his time, excelling in verse and prose, summoned from Britain by the emperor Charlemagne, was held in such intimacy by him that he was called the emperor’s beloved teacher; by his instruction the emperor himself strove to be initiated in all the disciplines of the liberal arts. He wrote many distinguished volumes, among which are reported:

On the Holy Trinity and Faith, 3 books. “To the glorious lord Charles...”

To the Questions of Fredegisus, 1 book. “To the most desired son...”

To Eulalia on the Nature of the Soul, 1 book. “Most dear in Christ...”

To Count Guido on the Virtues, 1 book. “To the most beloved son Guido...”

Sentences, 1 book.

On Genesis, 1 book.

On the Song of Songs, 1 book.

On Ecclesiastes, 1 book.

On the Gospel of John, 7 books.

On the Epistles of Paul, 14 books.

On the Apocalypse of John, 2 books.

On the Adoption of the Sons of God, 1 book. “Venerable and in Christ...”

On Ecclesiastical Dogmas, 1 book. “We believe in one God...”

A Mirror for Little Ones, 1 book. “In divine Scripture...”

On the Property of the Names of God, 1 book.

A Dialogue to the Disciples, 1 book.

The Life of Saint Vedastus, bishop, 1 book.

An Enchiridion on Certain Psalms, 1 book.

Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

On the Liberal Arts, 1 book.

The Abbot of Sponheim

The same man, by command of Charlemagne, collected the homilies on the Gospels of the Lord’s days, weekdays, and feasts of the whole year by the most excellent doctors of the catholic Church, and reduced them to order. They are these:

Of Saint Augustine, 48; of Bede, 48; of Gregory, 39;

of Jerome, 6; of Leo, 21; of Severinus or Severianus, 1;

of Ambrose, 10; of Chrysostom, 2; of Haymo, 7;

of Hilary, 1; of Maximus, 17; of Anselm, 14;

of Fulgentius, 2; of Hericus, 37; of Isidore, 15;

of Origen, 4. The sum of all: 254 homilies.

He says that he wrote many other things, which nevertheless have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the empire of Charlemagne, in the year of the Lord 770.

Stuartus, monk of the order of Saint Benedict, a Gaul by birth, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, ready in talent, distinguished in eloquence, by command of the emperor Charlemagne, after Eusebius, Jerome, and Bede, gathered from the writings of the ancients the deeds and passions of the holy martyrs, confessors, and virgins into one volume of no small size, which we are accustomed to entitle:

Martyrology, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the same emperor Charles, in the year of the Lord 780.

Paul, monk of the Cassinese monastery, of the order of Saint Benedict, an Italian by birth, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in talent, distinguished in speech, pro-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

because of his knowledge of letters, was held in great esteem by the emperor Charles. Formerly, before his conversion, he was a deacon of the church of Aquileia, and chancellor of Desiderius, the last king of the Lombards; and, captured with him and brought by Charles into Gaul, he finally became a monk. He wrote not a few volumes, both in verse and in prose, of which I have found only the following: At the request of Aldeburga, daughter of King Desiderius, he added

To the Chronicle of Eutropius, 2 books. The Deeds of the Bishops of Metz, 1 book. The Life of Pope Gregory the First, 1 book. The Life of Saint Arnulf the Bishop, 1 book. The Life of Saint Benedict, in verse, 1 book. The Deeds of the Lombards, 6 books. “The northern region...” Several hymns in various meters, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book.

By order of Charles he arranged histories and readings suitable for the individual feasts of the saints throughout the whole year. And he organized and wrote many other things. He flourished in the times of the same Charles the Great, in the year of the Lord 780.

Adrian, pope the first, a Roman by nation, after Stephen the Third sat in the pontificate for twenty-three years. A learned and most holy man, held in the highest honor by the emperor Charles, he established many things for the benefit of the Church, and condemned the Felician heresy in a synod of three hundred and fifty bishops, by order of the emperor Charles, at Frankfurt. Since he was studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, he abridged the thirteen books of letters of Saint Pope Gregory into two, selecting the more useful parts. He also wrote from his own inspiration to Leo the Younger and his son Constantine, emperors of Constantinople:

On the Veneration of Images, 1 book. To the Emperor Charles, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He also wrote quodlibets.

He died while Charles the Great was emperor, in the year of the Lord 795, in the third indiction, on the day of the Nativity of the Lord, the seventh day before the Kalends of January.

Ruggandus, bishop of Metz, grandson of King Pippin through his sister, noble in birth, made noble by holy manners and by study of the Scriptures, an outstanding venerator of the bodies of the holy martyrs, desiring to instruct the clergy and people committed to him in righteousness by word and example, wrote for the clergy of the church of Metz a sufficiently instructive and useful Rule:

The Abbot of Spanheim

The Rule of Canons, 1 book. And certain other things.

He transferred the bodies of the holy martyrs Gorgonius, Nabor, and Nazarius from Rome into France; the body of Saint Nazarius was placed in the monastery of Lorsch, then of the order of divine Benedict, in the diocese of Worms.

He flourished under King Pippin, father of the emperor Charles, in the year of the Lord 760.

Leo, pope the third, a Roman by nation, after the pontiff Adrian sat for twenty years. He was a man very learned in both divine and secular writings, and also most renowned for the holiness of his life and conduct. He anointed Charles, surnamed the Great in deed, to the empire of the Romans, and transferred this dignity from the Greeks to the Franks. Among other things he wrote:

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He died under Charles on the Ides of June, in the year of the Lord 816, in the ninth indiction.

Haymo, the third bishop of the church of Halberstadt in Saxony, formerly abbot of the monastery of Hersfeld, of the order of Saint Benedict, a German by nation, once a hearer of the monk Alcuin, for whom Rabanus, then abbot of Fulda, composed twenty-two books On the Universe, was certainly a most learned man in every respect, a most sagacious interpreter of the divine Scriptures, and of excellent talent in delivering homilies to the people. He was first a monk of the monastery of Fulda with Rabanus; afterward he became the third abbot of Hersfeld; later, consecrated the third bishop of Halberstadt, he vigorously governed that church by word and example for thirteen years. He wrote almost countless little works, of which these that we have set down are reported:

On the Five Books of Moses, 1 book. On Judges, 1 book. On Joshua, 1 book. On Kings, 1 book. On Ruth, 1 book. On Tobit, 1 book. On Chronicles, 1 book. On Judith, 1 book. On Ezra and Nehemiah, 1 book. On Job, 1 book. On Esther, 1 book. On the prophet Isaiah, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On Jeremiah, 1 book. “The prophet Isaiah, noble...” On Ezekiel, 1 book. “And blessed [unclear] says that it was done...” On Daniel, 1 book. “The word that was made...” On the Twelve Minor Prophets, 1 book. “The Lord, considering human...” Also on the Psalms, 1 book. “[unclear] on all...”

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On all the epistles of Paul, one book. “From Corinth, the metropolis ...”

On the canonical epistles, seven books. On the Acts of the Apostles, one book. On the Apocalypse, one book. “We read in the Church [unclear] ...”

On the Variety of Books, one book. “Since you are the only and most holy ...”

On the Holy Trinity, one book.

On the Memory of Christian Affairs, one book.

He is also said to have written many other things, letters, sermons, and various treatises, which have not come to my knowledge.

He died under the emperor Louis, son of Charlemagne, in the year of the Lord 854, in the twelfth indiction. He was buried in the church of St. Stephen at Halberstadt.

Claudius, a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, once, as they say, a disciple of Bede in England, and a colleague of Albinus the deacon and abbot, a Scot by nation, a man very zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular learning, practiced in verse and prose, composed many short works on the sacred books, of which the following are reported:

On the Five Books of Moses, five books. Also on Judges, one book.

On the Book of Ruth, one book. On the Gospel of Matthew, [unclear] books.

And many other things.

Freculphus, bishop of Lisieux in the province of Rouen, a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, for whom Hrabanus, while still abbot, exercised his talent in many volumes, a man most zealous and very skilled in the divine Scriptures, and well suited to teaching the people, distinguished no less by his way of life than by his knowledge, is said to have written certain excellent short works. Of these I have read only a large and notable volume, containing, from the beginning of the world down to the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ,

A History of Deeds, seven books. “While at some time ...”

I have seen nothing of the others.

He wrote the aforesaid work to Helisachar; in it he also explained the more difficult questions of the Scriptures, and set down in clear discourse the deeds of both the Jews and the gentiles, from the beginning of the world down to the Virgin’s childbearing.

He flourished under Louis, in the year of the Lord 840.

Theodulphus, bishop of Orléans, formerly abbot of the monastery of Fleury of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and instructed from youth in secular letters, excel-[unclear] in verse

The Abbot of Sponheim.

[unclear] excellent also in prose, is said to have composed some little works in both styles; but they have not yet come into our hands. This man, having been innocently sent to prison by Emperor Louis (I know not on what suspicion), composed the hymn Gloria laus. When, on Palm Sunday, as the emperor was passing by near the prison, he sang it in a loud voice, it so pleased the emperor that he immediately permitted him to go away free. Among other things, he wrote in various meters:

One book of hymns. One book of letters.

He flourished under the rule of Louis, in the year of the Lord 840.

Einardus (otherwise Eginhartus), chancellor of the emperor Charles the Great, German by nation, and afterward a monk of the order of the divine father Benedict, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine scriptures, wrote little works of reading not to be despised, of which the following are reported:

Having imitated Bede, who abridged the Hebrew psalter by excerpting from it all verses containing words of prayer, he himself also abridged the Gallican psalter, excerpting from it all verses containing words of prayer. He also wrote, both in his own person and in that of the emperor:

One book of letters to various persons. One book on the life of the emperor Charles. And certain other things. One book of the history of the times.

He flourished under Charles and Louis his son, in the year of the Lord 820.

Johannes Scotus, a monk of the order of Saint Benedict, formerly a hearer and disciple of Bede, the most illustrious monk and doctor, a colleague of Albinus, coming with him from Britain into Gaul, was held in esteem by the emperor Charles the Great. Since he was a man most learned in all the scriptures, he published in clear language very distinguished little works, of which these are reported:

Five books on the Gospel of Matthew. One book on human duties. One book on the division of nature.

He also composed many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Charles the Great, in the year of the Lord 800.

Hilduinus, abbot of the monastery of St. Denis of Paris, of the order of the divine father Benedict, archchaplain of the sacred palace, to whom Rabanus, abbot of Fulda, published commentaries on the four books of Kings, a man most learned in the divine scriptures and very [unclear] in secular letters, excellent both in meter and in prose, wrote to Emperor Louis in both styles:

Two books on the life of St. Denis. And certain other things,

116 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished under the emperor Louis, son of Charles, in the year of the Lord 840.

Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, formerly a monk of Saint-Denis of Paris, a man exceptionally learned in the divine Scriptures, and in secular letters second to none in his time, conspicuous for wisdom and uprightness of conduct and most eloquent, wrote several little works of authority not to be despised, of which I found only the following: In the person of the emperor Charlemagne, he wrote, very instructively,

To the Church of Ravenna, one book. The Life of Saint Remigius, bishop, two books. To Walo, bishop of Metz, one book. Many Letters, one book. Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Charlemagne and Louis his son, emperors, in the year of the Lord's nativity 800. And he wrote many doctrines.

Amularius Fortunatus, archbishop of Trier, by nation [unclear], a learned and most eloquent man, distinguished in Greek and Latin eloquence, was sent by the emperor Charlemagne to Constantinople to the emperor Michael, and with admirable industry and his eloquence confirmed peace and friendship between them, as is contained in the deeds of the people of Trier. Among other things he wrote:

On the Ecclesiastical Offices, one book. Satis et nimium quidem. To Louis on the same matter, four books. On the Mysteries of the Mass, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He died under the emperor Louis, in the year of the Lord 813, in the sixth indiction, in about the sixteenth year of his episcopate.

Angelomus, monk of Luxeuil, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man endowed with a noble talent for expounding the divine Scriptures, so that, in comparison with him, the ancients seem not to have expounded those which he himself expounded; not ignorant of secular writings either, at the command of Drogo, bishop of Metz, who was the son of Charlemagne and brother of the emperor Louis, wrote a most excellent work, the like of which I do not remember ever having read elsewhere in the holy Scriptures:

On the Books of Kings, four books. Igitur cum aquam pluribus. To Lothar on the Song of Songs, one book. Priusquam augustale decus. On the Divine Offices, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Louis and his son Lothar, in the year 850.

Ra-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Rabanus Maurus, sixth archbishop of Mainz, formerly abbot of the monastery of Fulda of the Order of Saint Benedict, a German by nation, from the city of Fulda in Buchonia, once a pupil of Albinus the Englishman, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly taught in secular letters, a philosopher, rhetorician, astronomer, and most subtle poet, to whom, that I may speak without envy, Italy bore no equal, nor Germany his peer. For in the monastery of Fulda, while still a young man, he put on the monk, and advanced wonderfully both in morals and in knowledge; hence, consecrated fourth abbot of the same monastery, he presided for twenty-four years over the sheep entrusted to him, by word and example, and composed almost innumerable little works of Scripture. At last, offended by the wickedness of his monks, who, because they said he was too intent on the Scriptures and neglected temporal affairs, the devil working this in them, took displeasure against him, being scandalized in that in which they ought especially to have been edified. Therefore, giving place to wrath and not consenting to remain any longer with ungrateful sheep, he left the monastery and its inhabitants, and moved to Louis the emperor, son of Charles, with whom he also remained many days. But the monks, moved by repentance, sent an embassy to him and asked that he return to the monastery, but they did not obtain it. Therefore he remained with the emperor until the death of Otgar, archbishop of Mainz; appointed in his place, he presided over the aforesaid church of Mainz for nine years. Having also held a synod, he established many things for the benefit of the faithful. While still established in the monastery of Fulda he wrote many volumes, both in verse and in prose, especially on the holy Scriptures, all of which he explained from beginning to end. Of his writings the following are reported: To Freculph, bishop of Lisieux, of whom we made mention above, he wrote a distinguished work:

On Genesis, four books. In the beginning etc.; [unclear]. On Exodus, four books. Exodus is said to be departure. On Numbers, four books. The book of Numbers many [unclear]. On Leviticus, four books. Of the following book, that is, Leviticus [unclear]. On Deuteronomy, two books. The children of Israel set camps [unclear]. On Joshua, two books. To the most blessed and truly [unclear]. On Judges, one book. After the death of Joshua. On the book of Ruth, four books. For those searching into the history. On Kings, to Hilduin, [unclear]. There was a man, and [unclear]. Let us say [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On Chronicles, 4 books. Adam, and the tenth from... On Ezra and Nehemiah, [unclear] books. On Tobit, 1 book. On Judith, [1?] book. To the chosen lord and deservedly... On Esther, [1?] book. The book of Esther which [unclear]. On Job, 1 book. On the Psalms, [unclear] books. On the Proverbs of Solomon, 1 book. On Ecclesiastes, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 3 books. Love, etc. [unclear]. On the Book of Wisdom, 10 books. All [unclear], and [unclear], therefore... On Ecclesiasticus, [unclear] books. To the most reverend lord and... On Isaiah the prophet, [unclear] books. Among all things of divine history... On Jeremiah, 20 books. On Ezekiel, 5 books. And it came to pass, etc. [unclear]. On Daniel, 5 books. On the twelve minor prophets, 12 books. On Maccabees, 3 books. And it came to pass after that, through... On the Gospel of Matthew, 8 books. Therefore the expectation... On the Gospel of Luke, 5 books. On the Gospel of Mark, 4 books. On the Gospel of John, 4 books. The discussion of the whole... On all the epistles of Paul, 23 books. To the venerable brother Lupus... On the Acts of the Apostles, 1 book. On the praise of the Holy Cross, 2 books. The King of kings, the Lord, the world... To Bishop Haimo on the universe, 1 book. First among the Hebrews... On universal nature, [unclear] books. The discussion of the whole... On the instruction of clerics, 1 book. To the reverend and religious lord [Haistulf?]... On the divine offices, 1 book. Because you, venerable [unclear]... A dialogue on computus, 1 book. On questions of the canons, 1 book. To King Louis, 1 book. He also published many other works, which have not come to my knowledge. He also wrote to King Louis another 12 books on the properties of words and the mystical signification of things, a work which may not undeservedly be called a Cornucopia. To Bishop Reginbald, 1 book. On the blessings of the patriarchs, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book. Of almost innumerable sermons, 1 book. There also exist some other little works of Rabanus, On Seeing God, On Purity of Heart, On Penance, in the library of Ebirbach. He died under the rulers Louis and Lothar, in the year of the Lord 855, in the third indiction, in the ninth year of his episcopate. He was buried in the monastery of Saint Alban near Mainz, not without a reputation for holiness; I have read his epitaph in about twenty ornate verses.

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Ellator, a priest of a certain church, studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, rich in reading the ancients, distinguished in talent and eloquence, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, is said to have expounded many volumes on the holy Scriptures, in which he splendidly displayed his ability. There survives, among other things, a notable volume of his, which he published at the request of friends: On the Book of Wisdom, 7 books. I have found nothing about the others. He is said to have flourished in the times of Emperor Louis, in the year of the Lord 840.

Strabus, a monk of Fulda, a German by nation, once a pupil and scribe of Abbot Rabanus, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly trained in the studies of secular letters, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote not a few little works in exposition of the sacred volumes; in these, showing himself a learned man, he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Thus, imitating his master Abbot Rabanus, he wrote: On Genesis, 1 book. On Exodus, 1 book. On Leviticus, [unclear]. And many other works. This Strabus, finally, is remembered as the first to have assembled, from the sayings of the holy Fathers, the gloss on the whole Bible which is now called the Ordinary Gloss; others afterwards enlarged it by adding many sayings of the Fathers. He flourished under Emperor Louis, in the year of the Lord 840.

Lupus Servatus, a priest, to whom Abbot Rabanus of Fulda is read to have written eight books on the epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and, according to the age of his time, abundantly skilled in secular letters, wrote some little works of his own talent, of which very few have come to my knowledge. There survives a volume of his: On Three Questions, 1 book. And certain letters, as well as other works. He flourished under Lothar, son of Louis, in the year of the Lord 850.

John, called Erigena, a monk, learned in the divine writings and very highly trained in the discipline of secular letters, fully instructed in Greek and Latin speech, subtle in intellect,

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

composed in discourse, at the command of Charles, son of Louis and brother of the emperor Lothar, he translated into Latin:

The Hierarchy of Dionysius, 4 books. He wrote on the same, 4 books. And certain other things. He flourished under the emperor Lothar, in the year of the Lord 850.

Ansegisus, abbot of the monastery of Lobbes, of the Order of St. Benedict, later archbishop of Sens, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in secular letters, distinguished in speech and talent, arranged and gathered together, for the use of the catholic Church, the laws of the emperors Charlemagne and Louis, which I have seen, as follows, namely:

Ecclesiastical statutes of Charles, 2 books. “When our Lord Jesus was reigning.” Secular laws of the same, 2 books. “Concerning peace we admonish.” Ecclesiastical statutes of Louis, 2 books. “To all of you either by sight.” Secular laws of the same, 2 books. “If servants through contumacy.”

He published besides not a few other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under the emperor Lothar, son of Louis, in the year of the Lord 840.

Amulus, bishop of Lyons in Gaul, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures, learned by reading the ancients, and nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in talent, distinguished and eloquent, wrote little works of no contemptible reading, of which I have read only the notable work addressed to Charles:

Against the Jews, 1 book. “The detestable things of the Jews.”

Of the rest I have as yet seen none. He flourished under Louis, son of Charlemagne, in the year 850.

Bertramus, priest and monk, very skilled in the divine Scriptures, excellently instructed in the letters of the secular disciplines, subtle in talent, distinguished in eloquence, and no less notable in life than in doctrine, wrote many excellent little works, of which few have come to my knowledge. To King Charles, brother of the emperor Lothar, he wrote a commendable work:

On Predestination, 1 book. On the Body and Blood of the Lord, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Lothar, in the year of the Lord 830.

Turpin, archbishop of Reims, friend and secretary of the great emperor Charles, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in secular letters, having a talent exercised in verse and prose, advocate of the poor, beloved by God in life and conduct, who declares that he often fought the Saracens with Charles by his own hands and arms, wrote elegantly:

The Deeds of Charlemagne, 2 books. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He flourished under the same Charles and Louis his son, in the year of the Lord 850.

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Anastasius, keeper and most sagacious restorer of the apostolic library, learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, very skilled in Greek and Latin speech, is said to have composed not a few little works, but none of them has come into our hands. He translated many volumes of the Greeks into Latin; for, at the command of Pope Nicholas I, he translated:

The Life of John the Almsgiver, 1 book. One Hierarchy of St. Dionysius, 1 book. The Seventh Universal Synod, 1 book. The Lives of Many Holy Fathers, 1 book. And many other things.

He also wrote an Ecclesiastical History down to his own times, at the request of Charles II, to whom he was especially dear. He flourished under Louis II, emperor, in the year of the Lord 860.

Nicholas, the first pope of that name, a Roman by birth, sat in the pontificate after Benedict III for eight years; a man magnificently learned in the holy Scriptures, most holy in life and conduct, who established many things for the use of the catholic Church. By his permission and authority, through the efforts of Notger, abbot of St. Gall, the use of sequences first began in the Gallican churches. He wrote, among other things, in the person of his pontificate, an excellent volume:

Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He died under Lothar or Louis II, emperor, in the year of the Lord 869, in the second indiction, on the 8th day before the Ides of December.

John, deacon of the Roman Church, a man learned in the holy Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, venerable in life and conduct no less than in doctrine, wrote for the edification of many, to Pope John VII, in a sufficiently illustrious style, a large volume, which contains:

The Life of St. Gregory, Pope, the first of that name, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Charles the Bald, emperor, in the year of the Lord 870.

Notger, bishop of Liege, formerly abbot of the monastery of St. Gall, of the Order of the holy father Benedict, a Teuton by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and, in the disciplines of secular letters, the most learned of all men of his time, a philosopher, poet, and notable musician, and no less venerable in holiness than in knowledge

[He] wrote many little works, both in verse and in prose, of which few have come into our hands. For I have read only the volume which he entitled the Sequentiarium, which he wrote while he was still a monk in the monastery of Saint Gall, to Lutuardus, bishop of Vercelli, archchaplain of the emperor Charles the Great. This work begins thus: (Epistle 1) “Summe sanctitatis meri”; “Grates nunc omnes redd[amus?],” 1 book.

The Sequentiarius begins thus: “De musica symphonia,” 1 book.

On the Expositors of Sacred Scripture: “Cum prudentis sis prud[ens?],” 1 book.

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

Concerning the other things which he composed, nothing has come to the knowledge of our reading. Pope Nicholas I approved this most learned man’s Sequentiarium and ordered it to be sung at Masses. Because of the renown of his learning and life, he was first abbot and then, in his old age, was consecrated bishop; tenth in order, he presided over the government of the church of Liège, under the emperor Lothar, son of Louis, in the year of the Lord 850. Under him he died, not without a reputation for holiness.

Christianus, also called Druthmarus, monk and priest of Corbie, of the order of Benedict of holy memory of Monte Cassino, an Aquitanian by birth, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, imbued with Greek and Latin speech, coming from Aquitaine into Gaul, made his name known by writing. Of his little works I have so far deserved to see only one great and excellent work, written in plain speech for the monks of the monasteries of Stavelot and Malmedy, standing under one abbot in the diocese of the church of Liège: On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. “Hunc titulum non fecit euan[unclear].”

Of the others I have seen nothing.

In the prologue to his exposition of the Gospel according to Matthew he also promised that he would write on the other Evangelists; he is said to have done so, but it is unknown to us.

Wandelbertus, deacon and monk of the monastery of Prum, called [Premensis?], of the order of Saint Benedict, in the diocese of Trier, a German by nation, a man instructed in the divine Scriptures, splendidly learned in secular letters, quick in talent and clear in speech, wrote not a few volumes, both in verse and in prose. Of these I have seen only a certain work addressed to Abbot Marcuardus: The Life of Saint Goar the Priest, 1 book.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

The Miracles of the Same, 1 book. Martyrology in Verse, 1 book.

He flourished under the emperor Lothar, in the year of the Lord 850.

Almannus, monk of the monastery of Hautvillers, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently taught in secular letters, subtle in talent and clear in speech, wrote various little works, both in verse and in prose, by which he made his name known also to posterity. And because in his time Francia was being ravaged by the Normans, after the example of the prophet Jeremiah he lamented the desolation of that land and of his own monastery, composing it in a fourfold alphabet, 1 book. The Life of Bishop Vinardus, 1 book. The Life of Saint Syndulphus, 1 book. The Life of Saint Helena Augusta, 1 book. The Translation of the Same, 1 book.

He is said to have written some other things also, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished under the emperor Charles III, in the year of the Lord 890.

Milo, monk of the monastery of Saint-Amand, of the order of the divine Benedict, a Gaul by nation, a man most learned in every respect, an orator, a poet, and a distinguished musician, and no less venerable for uprightness of morals than for knowledge of the Scriptures, wrote not a few volumes both in verse and in unbound prose. Of these the following especially are reported, addressed to the emperor Charles the Bald:

On Sobriety, in verse, 1 book. The Life of Saint Amandus, in verse, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the second emperor Charles, surnamed the Bald, in the year of the Lord 870, and composed many excellent things.

Hugaldus, monk of the monastery of Elno, of the order of Saint Benedict, a Gaul by nation, a man most learned both in divine Scripture and in secular letters, in music, poetry, philosophy, and the other arts of human culture second to none in his own time, as the many writings composed by him in either style testify. Of these I have so far found only the following:

To the emperor Charles the Bald, a remarkable work of 136 verses, in which all the words begin with the one letter c, as: “Carmina clarisone caluis cantate camoenae”; it is entitled On the Praise of Bald Men, 1 book. “Carina clarisone cal[unclear],” 1 book. The Deeds of Saint Lebuinus, 1 book. On the Art of Music, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He also described the lives of many saints in ornate speech, and composed chants in their honor in sweet and regular melody.

q ij Cia

124 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished in the times of the emperor Charles the Bald, in the year of the Lord 830.

Remigius, a monk of Auxerre, of the Order of St. Benedict, and afterwards, as they say, bishop of that same city, a man most learned in divine and human writings, a distinguished writer in verse and prose, teacher of St. Odo, first abbot of Cluny, renowned for life and doctrine, published many volumes in both styles, of which the following are reported:

On the Song of Songs, one book. On the whole Psalter, one book. “Divine prophecy [unclear].” On the Canon of the Mass, one book. On the divine offices, one book. On the festivals of the saints, one book. To the bishop of the Aedui, one book. Also several sermons, one book.

In addition he composed other works, both in sacred literature and also in secular writings, expounding Donatus and the ancient authors, which are possessed by many. He flourished under the emperor Charles the Bald, in the year of the Lord 880.

Constantinus, a monk of the monastery of Monte Cassino, of the Order of St. Benedict, an African by nation, a man very devoted to the divine Scriptures, and most learned in secular letters, especially in philosophy and medicine, fully trained in Greek, Latin, and Arabic eloquence, wrote many small works in medicine, which are held in esteem among physicians. He also translated many volumes of ancient physicians from Greek and Arabic into Latin, which he prefaced with his own prefaces and letters. Of his small works I have seen these:

Universal Diets, one book. “What first compelled [unclear].” Particular Diets, one book. “We have completed in the first book [unclear].” On Urines also, one book. Medicinal Weights [unclear].

As for the rest of his volumes, of which he both wrote and translated many, I do not recall that any has come into our hands. They are better known to physicians.

Ambrosius Ansbertus, a monk and priest of the Order of St. Benedict, a man zealous and learned in the divine writings, of agreeable talent and sweet in speech, published many commentaries on the sacred volumes, by which he transmitted the fame of his name to later generations. Yet few have come to my knowledge. For I have found only the following:

On the Song of Songs, one book. “The gift of wisdom with [unclear].” On the Apocalypse of John, ten books. On Cupidity, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 890.

Pascha-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Paschasius Ratbertus, abbot of Corbie, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, nobly trained in Greek and Latin eloquence, acute in intellect and composed in speech, wrote not a few little works in verse and prose. Of these I have found only the following: to Placidus, abbot of our order, an outstanding work, On the Sacrament of the Altar, one book, “Whoever of Catholics”; The Life of Saint Adelhard the Bishop, one book; On the Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet, one book. He also translated some things from Greek into Latin, and composed many other things. He flourished in the time of the emperor Charles the Fat, in the year of the Lord 880.

Heiricus, a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, of the monastery of the city of Auxerre, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in the disciplines of secular letters, excelling in verse and prose, was an outstanding teacher in homilies delivered to the people. He wrote in polished metre: The Life of Saint Germanus of Auxerre, six books; Homilies to the People, one book; many sermons and letters. He also composed many other things in both styles, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished around the time of the emperor Charles the Fat, in the year of the Lord 880.

Otfrid, a monk of the monastery of Weissenburg, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, a German by nation, formerly a hearer and disciple of Rabanus Maurus, abbot of Fulda, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, notably learned in secular letters, a philosopher, rhetorician, distinguished poet, excellent in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote many brilliant little works both in verse and in prose, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Following the example also of the emperor Charles the Great, he attempted to reduce the barbarism of the German tongue to grammatical rules, which he partly accomplished. Hence those things which he wrote in his native speech cannot easily be read and understood in our age, even by a man however skilled in the German language. Of his little works the following are extant: to Luitbert, the eighth archbishop of the church of Mainz, a great and outstanding work on the Gospel, which he entitled: At the summit of dignity, one book; To Louis of the Easterners, one book; To Bishop Salomon, Otfrid, one book; Grace, Theotiste, two [unclear]; to [unclear] [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers

To the monks of St Gall, one book.

Otfridus of Wissembourg: On the Psalter, three volumes, three books. On the Last Judgment, one book. On the joys of the heavenly kingdom, one book. Poems of various kinds, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He composed many other things besides, which, lost through the negligence of earlier men and erased and torn through the ignorance of monks, came to me. He flourished under the emperors Louis, Lothar, and Charles, succeeding one another, in the year of the Lord 870.

Drevaldus, also called Albertus, a monk of the abbey of Fleury, of the Order of St Benedict, a man in every respect distinguished and very learned, made his name known by writing, when for the edification of simple brethren he composed many volumes on the holy Scriptures in a varied style. Among the other small works of his talent he wrote, from the time of the translation of the body of St Benedict from the abbey of Monte Cassino to the monastery of Fleury down to the time of Odo, king of the Franks, a history in lucid language, containing:

The Miracles of St Benedict, one book.

And many other works which I have not yet seen. He flourished in the times of the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 890.

Odo, once the pupil of the monk [unclear] of Auxerre, a man devotedly learned in the holy Scriptures, an outstanding restorer of the fallen order of the divine father Benedict, shone forth no less clearly in holiness than in learning. He was a distinguished musician, archcantor of the church of Tours, who, when he heard the fame of Berno of Gigny, a most holy abbot, entered the order under him; later, appointed abbot of Cluny, he adorned it with great holiness. Since he was an exceptional declaimer of homilies, he composed many sermons for the brethren. Among the other works of his talent he also wrote:

The Life of St Gerard, one book. Praises of St Martin, one book. A concise Chronicle, one book.

He also composed various hymns and chants in honor of the saints, in sweet regular melody. At the request of the brethren, too, he abridged the books of the blessed pope Gregory on Job and brought them together into one volume. He flourished in the times of the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 920.

Rathod, the fourteenth bishop of Utrecht, a German by nation, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect, renowned in speech, most holy in life

The Abbot of Sponheim

and conduct, shone with many miracles both living and dead. Nanno, a very learned philosopher, had instructed him in all humane letters; he had been advocate in the palace of King Charles the Fat, and afterward entered a monastery. Finally, having been consecrated bishop, as we have said, he vigorously governed the church of Utrecht for seventeen years during the grave persecution of the Danes. He wrote some excellent little works, of which these are reported:

Praises of St Martin, one book. Praises of St Boniface, bishop, one book. On St Amalberga, one book. Homilies and sermons, one book. Flowers concerning St Willibrord, one book.

He also composed an entire office for the translation of St Martin, and various chants in honor of the saints. He died under Louis, son of the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 917, indiction [unclear], on the Kalends of December, in the eighteenth year of his episcopate, buried at Deventer, where he had previously been accustomed to reside in his bishopric.

Aurelian, a cleric of the church of Reims, very devoted to the holy Scriptures and nobly learned in secular letters, an excellent and distinguished musician in his time, wrote to Bernard, archcantor and later bishop, a distinguished volume on the rules of modulations, which they call tones or tenors, and on their names, whose title is:

A Regular Tonary, one book. He wrote certain other things. He flourished around the times of the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 900.

Regino, abbot of the monastery of Prüm in the diocese of Trier, of the Order of St Benedict, a German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly taught in secular letters, easily held the first place among the teachers of Germany and Gaul in his time. He wrote little works of great authority, of which I have found only those set below: to Albero, first bishop of Metz, from the birth of Christ down to the year 908 of the same, containing chiefly the deeds of the Franks and Germans. He wrote:

A History or Chronicle, one book. On Ecclesiastical Discipline, two books. “First one must inquire…”

Of the rest I have not yet seen anything. He wrote the aforesaid work, which is entitled On Ecclesiastical Discipline and the Christian Religion, at the command of Rathbod, archbishop of Trier; he brought it together from the decrees of the holy fathers and general councils into two books, and clearly divided it, according to custom, by rubrics into nearly nine hundred chapters.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished under Emperor Arnold, in the year of the Lord 910.

Hildouin, formerly abbot of the monastery of Lobbes, of the order of Saint Benedict, first bishop of Liège, then driven from there, came to Hugh, king of Italy, to whom he was joined by a line of kinship; by him he was appointed bishop of Verona, and at last, after Lambert, was made archbishop of Milan. He ordained the monk Ratherius as bishop for the church of Verona. A man sufficiently learned in the divine Scriptures, he wrote, at the request of the brothers, while he was still abbot:

The Deeds of the Abbots of Lobbes, one book. Sermons to the Brothers, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Hugh, king of Italy, in the times of Conrad, emperor of the Romans and Germans, in the year of the Lord 920.

Ratherius, formerly a monk of the monastery of Lobbes, after Hildouin bishop of Verona, a man learned in the divine writings and highly skilled in the arts of humane learning, which they call liberal, simple in spirit, mild in disposition, and scholastic in eloquence, came with Bishop Hildouin to Hugh the king in Italy. After Hildouin's transfer to the archbishopric of the church of Milan, Ratherius was appointed bishop of the city of Verona; not long afterward he was driven from there by Hugh, because he had admitted into Verona Arnold, duke of Bavaria, Hugh's enemy, and was banished into exile at Pavia. At length, having returned to his church, he was driven out again, I do not know whether for the same reason; and for his own consolation he composed various works in both places, which could no less delight the understandings of readers than profit them. Among these the following are reported:

On His First Exile, one book. Another, on the Second, entitled Phrenesis, one book. Another, which is called Inefficax, one book. On the Body and Blood of the Lord, one book. Against the Anthropomorphites, one book. Agonisticon, that is, of Preludes, six books. Also Confessions, one book. The Life of Saint Ursmar of Lobbes, one book.

He is also said to have written several other works, which have not come to my knowledge. And at last, as the monk Sigebert writes, having been made bishop of Liège, he was driven from there also. He flourished in the times of Henry, the first emperor of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 930.

Stephen, formerly a cleric of the church of Metz, bishop of Liège after Franco, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, and splendidly skilled in secular letters, and no less in holiness than in knowledge

The Abbot of Sponheim.

A venerable man, he wrote several little works of no negligible usefulness, by which his name became known to posterity: To Hermann, archbishop of Cologne, The Life of Saint Lambert, one book. To Rupert, bishop of Metz, one book. And certain other things.

He also wrote a chant on the Holy Trinity from Alcuin, which we use in the octave of Pentecost; and on the discovery of St Stephen; and a nocturnal chant on St Lambert, bishop and martyr, all of which, together with certain others, he composed in an authentic and sweet melody.

He flourished in the times of Louis, son of the emperor Arnulf, in the year of the Lord 910.

Radulphus of Flavigny, a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and in all humane letters the most learned of his time, subtle in talent, profound in understanding, sweet in speech, ornate and eloquent, acute and very outstanding in expounding the sacred books, wrote two great and distinguished volumes:

On Leviticus, twenty books. “When at some time a discourse concerning Judah...” These, never sufficiently praised, are available at Cologne from Quentel.

On the Epistles of Paul, fourteen books.

A History of the Franks, one book.

Also a short Chronicle, one book.

In addition he published many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

There are some who write that he was a monk of the monastery of Fulda in Germany.

Smaragdus, abbot of the monastery of St Michael, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and exercised in constant study of them, a driver of regular discipline, made his name known far and wide by expounding the holy Scriptures, and acquired a great reputation for knowledge and for his manner of life. For he wrote many distinguished little works, of which I have found only the following:

On the Rule of St Benedict, one book. “Since the disturbances of very many...” The Diadem of Monks, one book. “This little book...” On the Whole Psalter, one book. On the Epistles and Gospels through the Year, two books.

Also several sermons, one book.

Concerning his other little works, however, I have been able to find nothing anywhere. It is said, however, that he published many commentarial treatises on the divine Scriptures. But he also expounded the Donatus Major, and explained many authors of secular literature.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Widukind, a monk of the monastery of Corvey in Saxony, of the Order of St Benedict, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, ready in talent and clear in speech, excellent in verse and prose, wrote in alternating style many distinguished little works, of which I have so far found only the following. From the beginning of the Saxons down to the death of Otto, the first emperor, he wrote to Mechthild, his daughter,

A History of the Saxons, five books.

The Passion of the Virgin Thecla, in verse, one book.

The Life of Paul, the First Hermit, one book.

The Deeds of Otto the First “With virginal flower...” [unclear]

He flourished under Otto, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 950.

Eutrandus, deacon of the church of Pavia, an Italian by nation, originally from the city of Pavia, formerly scribe and secretary of Berengar, king of Italy, a man very learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, keen and forceful in talent, skilled in Greek and Latin speech, and no less excellent in verse than in prose, is reported to have written some distinguished little works, by which he made his name known. Driven from Italy by King Berengar, he came into Germany; and while staying at Frankfurt, he wrote a notable work containing the history of his own time and the tyranny of that same Berengar, which, as if in return for the injuries received from him, he entitled Antapodosis, that is, Retribution, seven books. “When there were reigning, indeed...” [unclear] I have seen nothing of the others.

He wrote the aforesaid volume to Regimundus, bishop of the Spanish church of Elvira, in which he sometimes uses verse, sometimes Greek speech, interspersing many things concerning the deeds of the Germans.

He flourished under Otto, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 950.

Abbo, abbot of the monastery of Fleury, of the Order of St Benedict, a man exercised in the divine Scriptures by continual reading and study, and excellently learned in secular disciplines, also distinguished in life and conversion, and proved worthy even to the crown of martyrdom, while he was preaching the word of God in Gascony, became a witness of the Christian faith by the shedding of blood. He wrote On the Computus of Victorius, one book. Additions to the Same, one book. And certain other things.

Demonstrations of a Most Noble Instrument in Astronomy. He fl

Abbot of Spanheim.

He flourished in the times of Otto I, in the year of the Lord 970.

Robert, king of France, noble, brave, just, learned, and religious, deservedly receives a place among the ecclesiastical writers, since he composed chants and responsories in sweet and regular melody for the honor of the Catholic Church. In humane letters, especially in music, he was very learned, and of such great devotion that he sang the canonical hours in church with the clerics, and outside, at his own house, read them with his own people. He was of such great piety and compassion toward the poor that, sometimes stripping himself of his own garments, he covered their nakedness many times. A book never left his hands, so much so that, while sitting on the tribunal amid the noise of judgments and cases, he at the same time had the psalter open; hence he is also read to have shone with miracles after his death. His is that well-known Sequence which is sung on the days of Pentecost concerning the Holy Spirit, namely, “Veni sancte spiritus.”

A responsory on St. Peter, namely, “Cornelius centurio.”

On the Nativity of the Lord, namely, “Iudaea et Hierusalem” [unclear].

And that Alleluia, namely, “Eripe me de inimicis.”

And many other things which I do not know.

The responsory “Cornelius centurio,” while the supreme pontiff was celebrating Mass at Rome, he offered with great devotion to St. Peter on the altar at the time of the offertory. The ministers of the altar, hurrying up, thought that the wealthy king had offered gold of great weight; but, finding a little sheet written and noted, they were amazed, praising the prince’s talent and devotion. Hence the Pope decreed, in memory of the most holy king, at the request of the clerics, that this responsory should thereafter be sung in honor of St. Peter.

He flourished under the emperor Otto II, in the year of the Lord 980.

Ammonius, a monk of the monastery of Fleury, of the Order of St. Benedict, a Gaul by birth, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, is said to have composed some small works both in meter and in prose, but they have by no means come into our hands. After the monk Adrevaldus he wrote one volume:

On the miracles of St. Benedict, book 1.

On the affairs of the Franks, or on the origin and deeds of the Franks, book 1.

He flourished under the emperor Otto III, in the year of the Lord 990.

Heriger, abbot of the monastery of Lobbes, of the Order of St. Benedict, very learned in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters

132 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] learned, excellent in verse and in prose; Berno, abbot of Reichenau, mentions him in a certain book addressed to Aribo, archbishop of Mainz. He wrote a notable dialogue under the person of himself and of Adelbold, a clerk and monk then living at Rome, afterwards bishop of Utrecht, about whom we must speak immediately, entitled On the Discordance of the Church, one book; The Life of St. Ursmar, in verse, one book; To Hugo, on Questions, one book; On the Divine Offices, one book; The Deeds of the Bishops of Lobbes, one book; On the Body and Blood of the Lord, one book; and many other works. He flourished under the emperor Otto III, in the year of the Lord 990.

Flavaldus, a monk of Reims, of the Order of St. Benedict, learned in the divine scriptures and exceptionally instructed in secular letters, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote little works not unworthy of reading; by his zeal he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Among these there is said to be a distinguished work, from the founding of the city of Reims, which they relate was built and so named in memory of their lord by the soldiers of Remus, who had fled after Remus was killed by his brother Romulus, down to his own times; in it, inserting many things about the holy martyrs and other matters and deeds, he wished to give the volume this title: The Deeds of the Bishops of Reims, one book. Also Lives of Many Saints, one book. He is said besides to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Albertus, a monk of Lobbes and afterwards abbot of the monastery of Gembloux, teacher of Burchard, bishop of Worms, a man learned in the divine scriptures and very well instructed in secular letters: while he was still a monk, he kept the public school of the monks at Lobbes, in which he instructed Burchard, together with others, in both kinds of literature. Among other works of his talent he wrote Lives of Several Saints, one book; Chants in Honor of the Saints; and certain other things. He flourished in great religious devotion and discipline in the times of the emperor Otto II, in the year of the Lord 980.

Aribo, archbishop of Mainz, [unclear] after St. Boniface the martyr, to whom Berno, abbot of the monastery of Reichenau, wrote a treatise on the coming of the Lord, was a man devoted to and learned in the divine scriptures. Having held a synod at Seligenstadt with Burchard, bishop of Worms, and his other bishops and abbots, in the year 1023, indiction 6, he established many useful things, which are contained in authentic writings. He also wrote On the Fifteen Gradual Psalms, one book; To Abbot Berno, one letter; and

The Abbot of Spanheim.

And certain letters to others. He died under Emperor Conrad the Younger, in the year of the Lord 1031.

Burchardus, formerly a monk of the monastery of Lobbes of the Order of St Benedict, bishop of Worms in Germany, once a hearer and disciple of Albert of Gembloux, abbot at Lobbes, of whom mention is made in the canon, distinction 73, In nomine domini, a man most devoted to divine Scripture and very learned, wrote from the opinions of the holy fathers, of general councils, and of the supreme pontiffs a great and distinguished work after Isidore, namely the Decrees, which he divided into twenty books: 'In the New Testament after'. Letters to various persons, one book.

He flourished under the holy Emperor Henry, in the year of the Lord 1020.

Berno, abbot of the monastery of Reichenau, of the Order of St Benedict, in the diocese of Constance, German by nation, a man learned in divine Scripture and very nobly instructed in secular letters, a musician and poet, second to none in his time, outstanding in life and conduct, wrote certain excellent volumes both in verse and in prose; of these I have found only the following. For Piligrim, otherwise Peregrinus, archbishop of Cologne, he composed an excellent and useful volume: On music or tones, two books: 'Every regular mo[de?]'. On the instruments of music, one book: 'That music is not to be contem[ned?]'. On the coming of the Lord, to Aribo, one book: 'Of highest dignity'. Also on the office of the Mass, one book. On the fast of the Ember Days, one book. On the fast of Saturday, one book. On the measure of the monochord, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He also published many other things which have not yet come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of St Henry, the first emperor but the second king, because the first did not receive the crown of the Empire, in the year of the Lord 1026.

Adelboldus, bishop of Utrecht, formerly, as they say, a monk of Lobbes of the Order of St Benedict, under whose persona Abbot Heriger composed the dialogue on the coming of the Lord, a man learned in divine Scripture and nobly instructed in secular letters, held in great esteem at the court of the holy Emperor Henry, overthrew the unbelievers no less by arms than by learning. He wrote: The Life of the holy Emperor Henry, one book. On the praise of the Holy Cross. On the praise of the blessed Mary.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

But he also published several other works, both in verse and in prose, which have not come to my knowledge. He died under Emperor Conrad the Younger, in the year of the Lord 1027, in the tenth indiction, in the eighteenth year of his episcopate, on the fifth day before the Kalends of December.

Osbertus, monk of Canterbury of the Order of St Benedict, a man learned in divine Scripture and highly skilled in the art of music, subtle in intellect and brilliant in eloquence, published various treatises in both literatures, by which he transmitted the fame of his name to posterity. Among other things he wrote: The Life of St Dunstan, archbishop, one book. Also On music, one book.

He flourished in the times of the holy Emperor Henry, in the year of the Lord 1020.

Odilo, the fourth abbot of Cluny, of the Order of St Benedict, a holy and learned man, presiding over the monastery for fifty-six years, directed the souls of many to Christ by word and example. Peter Damian, bishop and cardinal of Ostia, described his life, full of virtues and miracles, in a lucid discourse. He composed for the edification of his brothers: Elegant sermons, one book.

He died under Emperor Henry II, in the year of the Lord 1048, in the [unclear] indiction, in the eighty-seventh year of his age, on the first day of the month of January.

Fulbertus, bishop of Chartres, most learned in divine Scripture and, in the disciplines of secular letters, the most learned of all the learned men of his time, a famous poet and dialectician, presided for many years over the public school and trained very many most learned hearers. Most holy also in life, he is read to have shone with many miracles. Among other things he is said to have written: Letters to various persons, one book. In praises of St Mary, one book. Various hymns and prayers. And certain other devout works.

He flourished in the times of King Henry I, in the year of the Lord 1010.

Bruno, bishop of Würzburg, cousin of Emperor Conrad II, German by nation, a man devoted to divine Scripture, most holy in life and conduct, who, because of the excellence of his merits, was inscribed in the catalogue of the saints and is held to be the special patron of eastern Francia. From the writings of the ancient fathers, a beautiful exposition: On the whole Psalter, one book: 'Blessed is the man who has not gone' [unclear].

The Abbot of Sponheim.

If he wrote anything else, I do not know. He died under Emperor Henry II, in the year of the Lord 1045, in the thirteenth indiction, on the sixth day before the Kalends of June.

Rupert, abbot of the monastery of Cassino, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and notably learned in secular letters, zealous for regular discipline and a strenuous governor, so that for the sheep entrusted to him, by word and example, [unclear], wrote beautiful and elegant

Sermons, one book.

He published also some other things, which have not yet come to our knowledge.

Guido, monk and abbot of the monastery of the Cross of Saint Leufredus, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, by homeland an Aretine, a man practiced in the divine writings and most learned in secular disciplines, a notable dialectician and musician, to be preferred to others also in this, that through his rule on their hand even boys and girls more easily learn unknown chants by themselves than through the voice of a teacher or by the use of some instrument, wrote, among other little works of his talent, against Berengar, cleric of the church of Tours,

On the Body and Blood of the Lord, two books.

Also On Music, [unclear]. And other things which I have not seen.

He flourished under Emperor Conrad the Younger, in the year of the Lord 1030.

Egelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury, learned and not ignorant of secular letters, most holy in life and conduct, a most merciful advocate of the poor, at whose urging Cnut, king of England, made many alms, especially to the church of Chartres, over which at that time the most learned man Fulbert, bishop, presided, of whom we made mention above, is said to have written, in honor of almighty God, a beautiful work,

In Praise of Saint Mary; Letters to Various Persons, one book.

And certain other things.

Clarmannus, a grammarian, from a cleric of Liege made bishop in the times of Emperor Conrad the Younger, in the year of the Lord 1030.

A Brescian, once a hearer of Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, a philosopher and dialectician famous in his time, excellent in verse and prose, wrote in both styles certain commendable little works, of which few have come to the knowledge of our reading. He wrote to Berengar of Tours, formerly his fellow student under Fulbert, then beginning to err and to dogmatize perversely, correcting him at great length in a friendly way,

On the Body and Blood of the Lord, one book. I call it a collection.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

Moreover he says that he wrote many other things both in verse and in prose, which I have not seen.

He flourished under King Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1040.

Hermann, who was called Contractus, monk of the monastery of Saint Gall, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, a German by nation, son of the count of Veringen in Swabia, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, most universally learned in secular letters, a philosopher, poet, astronomer, rhetorician, and musician, second to none in his time, most skilled in three languages, Greek, Latin, and Arabic, wrote in verse and prose many distinguished volumes, of which I have found only those set down below, namely:

On Music, one book. In considering the single...

On the Monochord, one book. The first is of this world...

On the Composition of the Astrolabe, three books. Therefore in measuring below...

On the Usefulness of the Astrolabe, one book. Whoever of astronomy...

On Eclipses, one book.

On Computation, one book.

On the Squaring of the Circle, one book.

On the Conflict of Rithmomachy, one book. He who is skilled in arithmetic...

On Physiognomy, one book. Of a clear-sighted prudent man...

Lives of Several Saints, one book.

Various hymns and proses.

He also composed, in sweet regular melody, most beautiful chants and proses, among which is that very sweet one concerning the blessed Virgin Mary, Salve regina, and Alma redemptoris mater, and the others of which there is an abundant number. He also translated into Latin not a few volumes of Greek philosophers and Arab astrologers. In his limbs he was, in accordance with his name, contracted, but he always persevered in thanksgiving; whence through the blessed Virgin, Mother of God, he merited to be inwardly wonderfully consoled and illuminated. He flourished in the times of Emperor Henry II, in the year of the Lord 1050.

Guimund, archbishop of Aversa, formerly a monk of the monastery of the Cross of Saint Leufredus, of the Order of the most holy father Benedict, a man very devoted to and skilled in the divine writings, and not ignorant of secular letters also, wrote to Roger, monk,

The Abbot of Spanheim.

against the errors of Berengar of Tours, On the Body and Blood of the Lord, three books. “To the matter in these times...” And certain other works unseen by us. He flourished under Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1060.

Alphanus, archbishop of Salerno, formerly a monk of the monastery of Cassino, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man nobly learned in the divine Scriptures and perfectly instructed in secular letters, a philosopher and theologian of very celebrated reputation, wrote certain little works of profound meaning, by which, displaying his talent, he also made his name known to posterity. Of these there survive: On the Union of the Word of God and Man, one book. On the Four Humors of the Body, one book. On the Union of the Soul, one book. He also composed other works in every branch of literature, which have by no means come down to us.

Campanus, a Lombard by nation, a philosopher and astronomer, in the opinion of all the most celebrated man of his time, sharp in intellect, scholastic in speech, not ignorant also of the divine Scriptures, an outstanding calculator and computist, published not a few little works of his talent, the reading of which will not be contemptible to rulers of churches. Of these I have read only the following: a great and distinguished work, On the Ecclesiastical Computus, one book. “One of...” On the Construction of the Quadrant, one book. “You ought to know that the circle...” Also a Calendar, one book. He also composed many other works in astronomy, which have not come into our hands. He says that he flourished under King Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1050.

Helpericus, monk of the monastery of St. Gall, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a German by nation, a man much trained in the divine Scriptures and very learned in secular letters, an outstanding philosopher, poet, and astronomer, subtle in intellect and composed in speech, wrote several little works both in meter and in prose; of these I was able to find only the distinguished work, On the Ecclesiastical Computus, one book. “With our brothers ado...” Also On Music, one book. I have seen nothing of the rest. He flourished under Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1069.

Berthorius, abbot of the monastery of Cassino, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and nobly instructed in the discipline of secular letters, an outstanding philosopher and physician, is said before his conversion to have written many little works in his own field. But afterward, changing his study and being made a physician of souls, he wrote for the edification of his brothers: Elegant Sermons, one book. He also published various other treatises besides, knowledge of which has not reached me.

Rodericus, a monk of the order of Saint Benedict, to whom Guimundus, bishop of Aversa, while still living in the monastery, is said to have written three books against Berengar, a learned man and trained in both divine and secular letters, described in a very lucid style, for the edification of many, The Life of Bruno, Bishop of Cologne, one book. And certain other works. He flourished under Emperor Henry II, in the year of the Lord 1040.

Agerius, from a scholastic a monk of Corbie in Saxony, a German by nation, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man practiced by constant study in the holy Scriptures, rich in ancient reading, and magnificently learned in secular letters, cautious in intellect and sufficiently eloquent in speech, strong in verse and in prose, wrote in a very urbane style a distinguished volume: On the Sacrament of the Altar, three books. On Grace and Free Will, one book. And certain letters. He says, however, that he wrote several other works also, which have not come into our hands.

Libertus, a monk of Metz, of the order of Saint Benedict, French by nation, a man nourished by constant practice in the holy Scriptures and not ignorant of the arts of humanity, which we call liberal, in order to transmit his name to posterity, wrote certain little works of no contemptible reading. Among them there is said to be a brief but useful work, containing a history of the deeds of his own time, which he dedicated To the Bishop of Metz, one book. He flourished in the times of Emperor Conrad the Younger, in the year of the Lord 1030.

Eckbertus, a cleric of the church of Liège, German by nation, elegantly learned in the divine Scriptures and perfectly instructed in the disciplines of secular literature, wrote several little works both in meter and in prose, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of later men. Of these there survives a volume composed in elegant meter, which he entitled On Rustic Riddles, one book. Another larger book On the Same Matter, one book. And certain other works. Cla

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1060.

Leo, the ninth pope, previously bishop of the city of the Leuci, which is called Toul, under the archbishop of Trier, sat in the chair of Peter after Damasus for seven years. He had earlier been called Bruno, a learned and holy man. He wrote several distinguished short works, in which elegance of speech and sublimity of thought are deservedly commended. Among them are these:

To Emperor Constantine Monomachus, On Extirpating Heresies, one book.

To the Patriarch of Constantinople, one book.

Against the Errors of the Greeks, one book.

To the Bishops of Africa and Egypt, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He died under King Henry III, the second emperor, in the year of the Lord 1054, in the seventh indiction, shining with many miracles.

Humbert, a monk of Toul, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, distinguished in intellect and eloquence, was brought with him to Rome by Pope Leo IX because of his knowledge of letters, and was ordained cardinal bishop [unclear]. Afterwards, sent by the same pope to Constantinople to refute the heresies of the Greeks, he so refuted and defeated Nicetas, a [unclear] monk, in the presence of Emperor Constantine and Michael the patriarch, that Nicetas anathematized his own book, which he had written against the church of the Latins, and with his own hand threw it into the fire to be burned. And whatever he there said or did in disputation, he wrote up clearly under the name of the Roman and the Constantinopolitan, in the manner of a dialogue, one book. He also wrote certain other works.

He flourished under Emperor Henry II, in the year of the Lord 1059.

Anselm, a monk of Reims, of the order of Saint Benedict, a Gaul by nation, a man whose mind was practiced in the divine Scriptures, wrote certain short works of his study, which have not yet at all come into our hands. And among other things he gathered into one volume the deeds of Pope Leo IX, done throughout Gaul in councils and assemblies, in order to make known with how great authority, when he had come to Reims, he held a synod of other cities; with how great industry and subtlety he examined ecclesiastical cases; with what severity he corrected sinners; and in what way divine power cooperated with him. This was sufficiently evident in one case of the synod of Reims, where, when the bishop of Freising acted contumaciously against apostolic authority, God taking vengeance,

140 On Ecclesiastical Writers

in the sight of all he suddenly fell silent. He wished to give this work the title The Itinerary of Pope Leo, one book.

He flourished under King Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1050.

Lanfranc, archbishop of the church of Canterbury in England, formerly abbot of the monastery of Caen, of the Order of St Benedict, an Italian by nation, from the city of Pavia, a man most learned in divine Scripture and, in secular letters, especially dialectic, in the opinion of all the most learned man of his time, and no less renowned for holiness than for knowledge, left outstanding monuments of his talent. Of these I have found only the following:

A notable work on all the epistles of Paul the Apostle, one book [unclear].

Commentaries on the Psalter, one book.

Against Berengar, a dialogue, Lanfrancus misericor [unclear].

The Deeds of Count William, one book. I have found nothing about the rest.

He flourished under Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1060.

Peter Damian, formerly a monk of the holy father Benedict, bishop of [Poliziano?], and cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, a man devoted to and learned in divine Scripture, and not ignorant of secular letters, gentle and acute in intellect, calm and orderly in eloquence, and quite capable in persuasion, shone forth no less renowned and distinguished for holiness than for learning. Following the example of the great bishop Gregory, out of love for solitude and quiet he left his bishopric, after he had governed it for some years [unclear], and returned to his monastery; thereafter he spent his life with his brothers in tranquillity of mind. When, however, he was reproved by the supreme pontiff with a charitable rebuke for having, though a useful and suitable man, dismissed the episcopate out of love for his own private salvation, he published apologies addressed to three Roman pontiffs who succeeded one another, Nicholas II, Alexander II, and Gregory VII; in these, humbly excusing his deed by authority, reason, and example, he placated their minds. Of his little works the following are current:

To Leo the Hermit, whether a solitary person, when praying the canonical hours, ought also to say “The Lord be with you,” when there is no one to answer, an instructive little work, which is entitled The Lord Be with You, one book. De mino Leoni amorem [unclear].

Apologies, one book.

On the incontinence of priests, recently [unclear] with several [unclear], Vos alloquor o lepo [unclear], one book.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Rule of Solitaries, one book.

Exhortation to Monks, one book.

Miracles of His Time, one book.

On the Progress of Monks, one book.

Antilogion against the Jews, one book.

On the Avarice of Prelates, one book.

Life of Abbot Odilo, one book.

On the Terror of Death, one book.

On the Meditation of Death, one book.

Against Simoniacal Bishops, one book.

Against a Certain Bishop, one book.

On the Insolence of Malicious Men, one book.

Most Pleasing or Most Approved, one book.

A Rhetorical Declamation, one book.

On the Natures of Certain Animals, one book.

On Flora and Lucilla, one book.

On Cassian the Martyr, one book.

On Saint Boniface, one book.

On Saint Anastasius, one book.

Sermons and Homiliaries, one book.

He flourished under King Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1050.

Bruno, archbishop of the Ruthenians, formerly a monk of the Order of St Benedict, an Italian by nation, a man learned in divine Scripture and an excellent declaimer of homilies to the people, holy indeed and worthy of God, who, preaching the Catholic faith in Prussia, was lawfully crowned with martyrdom by the enemies of Christ. He wrote some distinguished little works of his talent, of which there survive:

Commentaries on Genesis, two books. And certain other works.

He suffered at the hands of the Prussians under St Henry of Bamberg, who was the second king of this name and the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 1008, in the fifth indiction. After they had afflicted him with many tortures and cut off his feet and hands, finally by beheading him they made him a martyr of Christ.

Erhard, a monk of the Order of St Benedict, a man devoted to divine Scripture and learned through continual exercise, subtle in intellect and ready in speech, was of excellent diligence in declaiming homilies to the people. By expounding the divine Scriptures he made his name known, and by frequent examination of them he became an outstanding teacher. He wrote little works of no contemptible reading; of these the following are reported:

[unclear]

“When fervor [unclear] holy [unclear] with the brothers in Gangensis [unclear] to the most beloved Gerard [unclear].”

“To Blanche, once countess, ‘For indeed it must be considered’ [unclear].”

“Hugh, abbot of Cluny [unclear].”

“Admirable and glorious [unclear].”

“Of blessed Boniface [unclear].”

“Glorious [unclear].”

“To the fair [unclear], brothers [unclear].”

And many other things which I have not seen.

“To Lord H. of Ravenna [unclear].”

142. On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Commentaries on Genesis, one book.

On Leviticus, one book.

On Deuteronomy, one book.

He also published some other works, which have not come to my knowledge.

Bernoldus, priest of the church of Constance in the Swabian nation, a German, a devout man, studious and learned in the holy Scriptures, and sufficiently instructed in the discipline of secular letters, brilliant in talent, polished in speech, left for the studies of his own people some little works, which nevertheless have by no means come to the knowledge of our reading. He is said, for the benefit of the ecclesiastical commonwealth, to have composed a volume which he entitled:

The Roman Order, one book.

He flourished in the times of Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1060.

Marbodus, bishop of Rennes, much devoted to the divine Scriptures, learned from reading the ancients, and nobly educated in the disciplines of secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, wrote in both styles not a few volumes, which can please readers no less than profit them. Among these there stands out an outstanding work which he composed in elegant verse with a threefold sense:

On the Song of Songs, one book.

The Passion of the Theban Martyrs, in verse, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1050.

Marianus, a monk of Fulda, of the order of St. Benedict, a Scot by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, an outstanding historian and computist, leaving his own country, came into Germany as a pilgrim for the love of Christ. First, having become a monk at St. Martin's in Cologne, he was enclosed out of desire for solitude, and remained there for two years. Afterwards, however, he was transferred to Fulda, and remained enclosed there for [unclear] years, until at last, on account of his learning and holiness, by command of the bishop of Mainz and the abbot of Fulda, he moved to Mainz. There, staying enclosed again for seventeen years at St. Martin's, he was held in great honor by all. He wrote, from the beginning of the world down to his own times:

An outstanding Chronicle, one book. We are informed by the divine [unclear]

On the Harmony of the Evangelists, one book. It was in the days of Herod

Also On Computation, one book.

And certain other works.

Abbot of Sponheim.

He died under Henry IV, in the year 1086, in the ninth indiction, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, and was buried at Mainz, at St. Martin's in the greater church, not without a reputation for sanctity.

Wenericus, bishop of Vercelli, formerly a cleric of the church of Trier, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in the discipline of secular letters, made his name known to posterity by writing, although his little works have not come to the knowledge of our reading. In that discord which existed between Hildebrand, Pope Gregory VII, and Henry, the third emperor or fourth king, he wrote, in the person of Theoderic, bishop of Verdun, while he was still a cleric at Trier, to that same Pope Gregory a volume instructed by the divine Scriptures, not rebuking him, but beseeching an elder as a father, and, with the friendly feeling of one grieving, suggesting to him all the things which talkative rumor had spread abroad that he had done or said against the right of laws and the propriety of equity. He entitled it:

On the Discord of the Kingdom and the Priesthood, one book.

He flourished under King Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1080.

Theoderic, a monk of the order of St. Benedict, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly taught in secular letters, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, is said to have written certain little works of reading not to be despised, of which few have come to my knowledge. Yet I have read, addressed to Richard, abbot of Fulda:

On the Life of Saint Benedict, one book. When [unclear] the heavenly sacrament

On the Translation of the Body of the Same, [unclear]. Since for a long time the Lombard people [unclear]

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He also composed many other works, both in verse and in prose, which have not come down to us.

Adam, abbot of Perseigne, of the order of the divine father Benedict, learned in the divine Scriptures by continual exercise, rich in reading of the ancients, and sufficiently educated in the knowledge of secular letters, of very celebrated reputation in delivering homilies, transmitted his name with praise to posterity by composing various treatises. There are extant his devout and useful:

Sermons to the Brothers, one book.

On Saints and Various Subjects, one book.

He is also said to have explained certain treatises of sacred Scripture, in which he showed the abundant vein of his talent; but they have not come to my knowledge.

144 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Anselm, bishop of Lucca, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not at all poorly instructed in secular letters, the tireless co-worker of Pope Gregory VII and an outstanding defender against Guibert, set up under him by Henry, so that he defended all his deeds, sayings, or writings against Emperor Henry by the authority of law and of the Scriptures, left very famous monuments of a great intellect, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are extant:

On Jeremiah the Prophet, 1 book. Also On the Psalter, 1 book. Against Guibert the Antipope, 1 book. And several letters to various persons, 1 book. He flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1080.

[unclear]

Willeram, abbot of Mersburg, of the Order of St. Benedict, German by birth, a man learned in the divine writings and not ignorant of secular letters, practiced in verse and prose: after he had for some time devoted himself to literary study at the University of Paris, he returned to his homeland and was made scholasticus of the church of Bamberg. At length, considering that the glory of the world passes away with time, he despised the world and, for love of Christ, put on the monk in the monastery of Fulda; and afterward, as his merits increased, he was consecrated abbot in the monastery of St. Peter near Mersburg, and by writing made his name known to posterity. Of his little works I have read only a volume composed in meter and verse mixed with prose, with beautiful variety, on the marriage of Christ and the Church.

On the Song of Songs, 1 book. “Since the studies of the elders…” Of the rest I have seen nothing. He flourished under Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1070.

[unclear]

Franco, scholasticus of the church of Liège, German by birth, a man splendidly learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in the discipline of secular letters, a philosopher, astronomer, and distinguished computist, and venerable no less for religion than for knowledge, is said to have composed some treatises on the deeds of writers, which have not yet come to my knowledge. He wrote to Hermann II, archbishop of Cologne, a subtle and excellent work:

On the Squaring of the Circle, 1 book. On the Ecclesiastical Computus, 1 book. And many other things. He flourished under Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1060.

[unclear]

Bernard, monk of Cluny, of the Order of St. Benedict, a man exercised by constant meditation in the holy Scriptures, and of secular litera-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

not unacquainted with literature, and also conspicuous for religion and uprightness of morals, at the command of the venerable abbot Hugh, gathered all the customs of the monastery of Cluny into one volume in lucid language, giving the work the title:

The Customs of Cluny, one book.

He wrote other things. He flourished under the emperor Henry III, in the year 1050.

Bernard, monk of Corvey in Saxony, of the order of Saint Benedict, German by nation, a man nobly learned in the divine Scriptures, highly skilled in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote to Hartwin, archbishop of Magdeburg, in language indeed lucid but bitter, a volume:

Against Henry IV, one book.

And other things which I have not seen.

He flourished in the times of the same emperor Henry, in the year of the Lord 1070.

Ivo, bishop of Chartres, formerly provost of Saint-Quentin of Beauvais, of the order of regular canons of the divine father Augustine, a man trained in the divine Scriptures, and a most careful interpreter of the canons of the holy fathers and of general councils, revered no less for sanctity than for learning, magnificently reformed his order, which had long fallen into decay. After Burchard, bishop of Worms, he wrote from the canons of the saints a compendious decree, which jurists used before the times of Gratian, which he entitled:

Panormia, [unclear]

Letters to Various Persons, one book. “Ivo of the church of Chartres” [unclear]

And certain other things.

He flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1090.

Hildebert, bishop of Le Mans, afterwards archbishop of Tours, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, acute in intellect and very eloquent in speech, once a disciple of Berengar of Tours but a persecutor of his error, who endured many persecutions and tribulations for ecclesiastical liberty, even to imprisonment, wrote in both styles, that is, metrical and prose, certain excellent little works, of which as yet only a few have come to the knowledge of our reading. He wrote in elegant meter a very beautiful and useful exposition:

On the Whole Office of the Mass, one book. “I have proposed to write what...”

On His Exile, one book. “Recently I was wealthy...”

On the Misery of This Life, one book. “We are taken from the midst...”

On the Sacrament of the Altar, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

Hymns and Prayers in Various Meter, one book.

He comprised the epitaph of Berengar, once his teacher, in fifty-two verses.

He wrote many other things, still unknown to us.

He flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1090.

Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury in England, formerly abbot of the monastery of Bec in Normandy, of the order of Saint Benedict, once hearer and disciple of Lanfranc, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, second to none in his time in skill in secular letters, whole and most holy in life and conduct, devout in mind, eloquent in speech, vigorous in action, angelic in countenance, mature in gait, exemplary in progress, continual in the study of the Scriptures, was adorned with every notable virtue. He wrote almost countless little works, of which the following are reported among the number:

Against the Gentiles: Why God Became Man, one book. “Often, earnestly, by many...”

On the Incarnation of the Word against the Jews, one book. “Since in all religious...”

On the Holy Spirit against the Greeks, one book. “Come now, little man...”

On the Fall of the Devil, one book. “If anyone [says] one nature...”

On the Diversity of the Sacraments, one book. “It is denied by the Greeks that...”

On Leavened and Unleavened Bread, one book. “That saying of the Apostle, ‘What do you have...’”

Monologion, one book. “To the lord and friend Walram...”

Proslogion, one book. “Anselm, servant of the church...”

On the Will of God, one book. “Human reason, when concerning...”

On the Holy Trinity, one book. “Since free choice is permitted...”

On the Song of Songs, one book. “Concerning those three questions...”

On Peace and Concord, one book. “Since God is truth...”

On Free Choice, one book. “The will in three ways...”

Dialogue on Truth, one book. “Since, at the command of your son...”

On Similitudes, one book. “Lord my God, give a heart...”

On the Measurement of the Cross, one book. “Christian soul, attend...”

Meditations, one book.

Meditations on the Passion of the Lord, one book.

On the Blessed Life, one book.

Abbot of Sponheim.

On blessed sufficiency, one book. On good occupation, one book. On the praises of Saint Mary, one book. The Spur of Love, one book. For the Foolish Man, one book. Against the Foolish Man, one book. On the misery of man, one book. On Antichrist, one book. Dialogue of a Christian and a Gentile, one book. On the eight beatitudes, one book. On the members attributed to God, one book. On the sacraments and divine offices, two books. Proverbs, that is, On the house of conscience, one book. On the Hexameron, one book. To Archbishop Lanfranc, one book. On the Grammarian, one book. On Saint John the Baptist, one book. On the Assumption of Saint Mary, one homily. To William of Hirsau, one letter. Letters to various persons, one book. On original sin, one book. Also some sermons. But he is said to have written many other works, which have come to my knowledge. One homily is extant, which is found with the homilies collected by Alcuin. Likewise clear expositions on all the epistles of St. Paul, which lay hidden for almost 450 years, now in our age rescued from decay and filth by the industry and labor of D. Renatus Casteneus. A dialogue on the Passion of the Lord. He flourished under Emperor Henry III, in the year of the Lord 1080.

William, abbot of the monastery of Hirsau in the diocese of Speyer, of the order of Saint Benedict, a German by nation, to whom the blessed Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, wrote several letters, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, inferior to no one among the Germans of his time in secular letters, a philosopher, an outstanding astronomer and musician, most holy in life and conduct, who, as one reads, shone with many miracles, reformed regular discipline, long since collapsed, in many monasteries of Germany. Therefore, for the preservation of monastic observance, from the statutes of the ancients, he wrote:

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Constitutions of Monks, twelve books. On music and tones, thirteen books. On the clock, fourteen books. On the correction of the Psalter, fifteen books. To Saint Anselm of Canterbury, one letter. Letters to various persons, seventeen books. He also published some other works, which through the negligence of the ancients have fallen into oblivion. He died under Emperor Henry III, but under the fourth king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1091, in the fourteenth indiction, on the fourth day before the Nones of July, and was buried in the middle of the church of the apostles, with a great reputation for sanctity.

Gelselbert, provost of the monastery of West in England, of the order of Saint Benedict, hearer and disciple of Anselm of Canterbury, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, quick in intellect and cautious in speech, made his name known to posterity by writing, when he composed certain necessary little works. Among these the following are reported: a disputation against the Jews,

To Blessed Anselm the bishop, eighteen books. On the prophet Isaiah, nineteen books. And certain other works. Certain homilies on the Song of Solomon are also circulated under his name, which you will find among the Eberbach monks. He flourished under Henry IV with Anselm, in the year of the Lord 1080.

Gunther, monk of Ellwangen, of the order of Saint Benedict, skilled in the divine Scriptures through constant practice, and nobly learned in the disciplines of secular letters, a distinguished theologian and poet, subtle in intellect and polished in speech, wrote certain excellent volumes both in verse and in prose, of which few have come to my knowledge. His volume in elegant meter is extant:

On the Passion of Saint Cyriacus, twenty books. And certain letters. He flourished in the times of King Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1100.

Theoderic, abbot of the monastery of Saint Trudo in the diocese of Liege, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, wrote certain excellent little works in both styles, in which he magnificently exercised his talent. Among these the following are reported, written in elegant meter:

Life of Saint Trudo, thirteen books. Life of Saint Bavo, fourteen books. Life of Saint [Remoldus?], fifteen books. And many other works. Cla

The Abbot of Spanheim.

He flourished in the times of Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1100.

Peter Alphonsus, converted from Judaism to the faith, formerly called Moses, whom King Alphonsus, lifting him from the sacred font, distinguished with his own surname, a man learned in the holy Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, as proof of his sincere faith wrote, under the name of Moses the Jew, which he had been, and of Peter the Christian, which he had begun to be, a distinguished dialogue:

Against the Jews, one book. To the one and eternal First... On Knowledge and Philosophy, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1100.

Honorius, priest and scholasticus of the church of Autun, a man most devoted to the holy Scriptures and very learned, and also nobly instructed in secular sciences, subtle in intellect and clear in eloquence, wrote many excellent little works. Of these he himself, in the book of illustrious men which he entitled On the Lights of the Church, listed the following: a very necessary work on Christ, on the Church, and on the future life, which he entitled

The Elucidarium, three books. On Free Will, one book. The Seal of Saint Mary, one book. The Mirror of the Church, or of Sermons, one book. A Stumbling-Block concerning Priests, one book. A Summary of Histories, one book. The Jewel of the Soul, on the divine offices, six books. On the Image of the World, two books. On the Song of Songs, one book. On the Lights of the Church, one book. On the Body of the Lord, one book. The Ladder of Heaven, on the degrees of visions, one book. The Key of Physics, on the natures of things, one book. On the whole Psalter, one book. On the Pope and the Emperor, one book. A Dialogue from the little works of Augustine, one book. Refreshment of Tables, on feasts, one book. The Food of Life, on the saints, one book.

In addition he published many other works, whose titles I have not yet been able to find. He flourished under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1120.

[unclear]

You say that you wonder why... The army in the camps of the Eternal... The world therefore is called... At the beginnings of books... Gelasius of the city of Rome... On the Hexaemeron, one book. On the Soul, one book. On the Gospels, one book of homilies. Letters to various persons, one book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear] Sigebert, monk of Gembloux, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a Gaul by nation, a man from his youth most devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned, and also, in secular letters, second to none in his time in the territory of Liege, practiced in verse and in prose, wrote many volumes in each style, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. He is reproved, however, in that, adhering to the emperor Henry, persecutor of and rebel against the Roman Church, he wrote letters and little works against Hildebrand, Pope Gregory VII, which did not befit his position. What he wrote, indeed, he plainly declared at the end of his Illustrious Men. When he had been placed in the monastery of Saint Vincent at Metz to instruct boys, he wrote in heroic meter:

The Life of Saint Theoderic, bishop, one book. The Passion of Saint Lucy, in verse, one book. On the Translation of the same, one book. The Life of King Sigebert, one book. The Passion of the Theban Martyrs, one book. The Life of Saint Guibert, one book. The Deeds of the Abbots of Gembloux, one book. The Life of Saint Maclou, one book. The Life of Saint Theobald, one book. Against Pope Gregory, one book. An Apology to the Emperor, one book. Marcellus, [unclear], one book. Against the Letter of Pope Paschal, one book. Also Sermons, one book. On Ecclesiastes, in heroic meter, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He also published other works after these, which he did not mark together with the little works written above. He flourished in the times of Emperor Henry III, the fourth king, in the year of the Lord 1110. He brought his Chronicle down to the year 1111.

[unclear] Calixtus, the second pope, a Burgundian by nation, brother of the duke of Burgundy, previously archbishop of Vienne, sat in the pontificate after Gelasius for six years; a man learned in the divine writings and not ignorant of secular letters, an especial lover of Saint James the Apostle, in whose honor he raised the church of Compostela to an archiepiscopate. He wrote in composed speech and with the greatest diligence:

On the Miracles of Saint James, one book. Calixtus, bishop, servant... Letters to various persons, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1120.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Stephen, also called Herrand, the fourteenth bishop of the church of Halberstadt, formerly abbot of the monastery of Ilsenburg, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote little works not contemptible to read, but few have come into our hands. He wrote, in the person of Count Louis, a most elegant and useful letter to Waltram, bishop of the church of Nienburg, who was defending Henry, a rebel against the Roman Church:

A Defense of the Pope, one book. “As a good man concerning go[od]...” And several letters to various persons, one book. And certain other things.

He died under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1107, in the fifteenth indiction, and was honorably buried at Reinsburch.

Bernard, first abbot of Clairvaux, of the Cistercian Order, a Burgundian by nation, a noble and holy man, who shone with many miracles in life and after death, learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect, adorned in speech, since indeed in his writings he neglected nothing that could contribute to the adornment of discourse, published many splendid little works, of which the following are reported:

On Consideration, to Eugenius, five books. “It comes into my mind to dictate some...” His Meditations, one book. “Many people know many things...” On Contempt of the World, to clerics, one book. “To hear, as is believed...” On Grace and Free Will, one book. “You asked me, brother Geoffrey...” To the Knights of the Temple, one book. “Recently while I was speaking...” Mirror of the Religious Life, one book. “To Hugh, knight of Christ...” “If any among you [unclear]...” “If I seem to you rather slow...” “When on a certain day bodies...” “Virtue is acquired in peace...” “To the brothers of Mont-Dieu...” “He exhorts indeed the fearful...” “Conscience in which through...” “All dangerous things...”

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Misery of This Life, one book. “The days of man are as a shadow...” On Temptations and Idleness, one book. “The servant of God freely...” On the Will, one book. “All kinds of vices...” An Apology to the Cluniacs, one book. “Until now, if anything me...” On the Degrees of Charity, one book. “To the illustrious man, lord Au[unclear]...” On the Passion of the Lord, one book. On the Magnificat, one book. On Loving God, one book. On the Psalm “He who dwells,” one book. On the Song of Songs, 86 homilies, one book. On “The angel was sent,” one book. To His Sister on the Manner of Living, one book. The Life of Bishop Malachy, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. Several Sermons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Conrad III, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Anselm, scholasticus of Laon, very studious in the divine Scriptures, skilled through long practice, and nobly learned in the disciplines of secular letters, acute in intellect, scholastic in speech, distinguished no less in life than in knowledge, explained the Scriptures of both Testaments in a new kind of exposition, by an interlinear and marginal gloss from the writings of the Fathers. He also wrote certain other little works which have come to me. There is reported:

Commentaries on the Psalter, one book. And certain letters.

He flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1110.

Hugh, priest and monk of Saint Victor at Paris, of the Order of the regular canons of Augustine, abbot, as they report, in the same place, a Saxon by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, inferior to none of the ancients in secular philosophy, who, like a second Augustine, was regarded as a most celebrated doctor in his time, subtle in intellect, adorned in speech, and venerable no less for his manner of life than for his learning, wrote almost infinitely many little works, of which few have so far come into our hands:

The Sum of His Sentences, one book. “A difficult thing indeed...” On the Soul of Christ, one book. On the Sacraments, two books. Didascalicon, six books. “Of all things to be sought, the first...” On

Abbot of Spanheim.

153

On the earnest-money of the soul, one book. “I shall speak [unclear] of the soul …” On the manner of praying, one book. “With what zeal and with what [skill?] …” On the praise of charity, one book. “So many now praise …” On the instruction of novices, one book. “Because, brothers, by the granting of [God?] …” On the Rule of Saint Augustine, one book. “These precepts which …” On the mystical ark of Noah, [unclear] books. “When I was sitting once in …” On Ecclesiastes, sixteen homilies, one book. “Those things concerning the book of Solomon …” On the Song of Songs, one book. “At the beginning of the labor …” On the Lamentations of Jeremiah, one book. “How does she sit, etc., how much …” On the Hierarchies of Saint Dionysius, one book. “The Jews seek signs …” On the praise of the fathers, one book. “Man is a microcosm …” On the Magnificat, one book. “Meditation is frequent …” On “You are all fair,” one book. “There were certain men who …” On the love of the bridegroom and the bride, one book. “You ask concerning the soul …” On the medicine of the soul, one book. “O unclean world, etc. …” On meditation, one book. “There are seven petitions …” On the incarnation of the Word, one book. “Alone, solitude, etc. …” On the wisdom of Christ, one book. “Because it has been said to me …” On the vanity of the world, one book. “The reader [unclear] divine writings …” On the substance of love, one book. “The lion, strongest of beasts …” On the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, one book. “Spiritual [unclear], etc. …” On discipline, one book. “You ask concerning the will …” On the five books of Moses, one book. “You ask concerning power …” On the mysteries of the Church, one book. “A spiritual description …” On spirit and soul, one book. [unclear] “of sentences …” On the Lord’s Prayer, one book. [unclear] On confession, one book. [unclear] On the simple nature of God, one book. “An epitome of philosophy …” On the threefold will in Christ, one book. On certain psalms. On the power and will of God, one book. On marriage and concupiscence. On Sacred Scripture, one book. On the nature of animals. On contemplation, one book. “Spiritual [unclear], etc. …” [unclear]

154 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Letters to various persons, one book. He also composed many sermons, and other diverse and varied treatises. He flourished under Emperor Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1130.

Rupert, abbot of the monastery of Deutz near Cologne Agrippina, of the Order of Saint Benedict, German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures through the Holy Spirit enlightening him by vision, and not ignorant of secular letters, a monk of Saint Lawrence at Liège, on account of his incredible learning was taken from there by Frederick, archbishop of Cologne, and raised to be abbot of the monastery of Deutz. He composed many distinguished little works. Indeed, from the time when he entered the monastery in his youth, he had exercised himself so much in the Holy Scriptures that, even when sleeping, you would have seen that he could not be free from meditating on them, since his tongue and lips moved as if he were reading. Of his little works I have at present found only the following: To Cuno, abbot of Siegburg, afterward bishop of Regensburg:

On the victory of the Word of God, thirteen books. On Genesis, nine books. On the Song of Songs, seven books. On the book of Saint Job, ten books. On the books of Kings, concerning David, fifteen books. On the Holy Trinity in the Old Testament, forty-two books. On the Apocalypse of John, twelve books. On the divine offices, twelve books. Meditations on the burning of Deutz, five books. On the twelve minor prophets, thirty books. On the Gospel of Matthew, eight books. On the Gospel of John, fourteen books. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, one book. An apology for the same work, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

Finally, he is said to have written many other things, and to have explained the New and Old Testament, for the greater part, in many books; concerning these we have seen nothing up to the present except the things we have marked.

He flourished with great holiness, shining with learning and miracles, under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1114. He died under Lothair III.

Rupert, abbot of the monastery of Limburg in the diocese of Speyer, of the Order of Saint Benedict, German by nation, a man splendidly learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, in life and conduct

The Abbot of Spanheim.

[unclear] distinguished, so that he deserved to be visited by frequent divine revelations. For many years he devoted himself to secular philosophy in the school of Paris, and became a renowned philosopher. But, considering the philosophy of the present life to be vain, he abandoned the study of vanity; returning to his homeland, he became a monk in the said monastery and [then?] was made abbot. He wrote, moreover, some little works not unworthy of reading, of which I have found only the following:

On the Song of Songs, 4 books. On Contempt of the World, 2 books. On St. John the Baptist, 1 book. Of His Revelations, 1 book.

He wrote certain sermons on the saints whose bodies or patronage they had in the same monastery of Limburg. He flourished under Emperor Henry V, not without a reputation for sanctity, in the year of the Lord 1124.

Rudolf, abbot of Saint-Trond in the diocese of Liege, of the order of the holy father Benedict, a German by nation, a man skilled in the divine Scriptures through constant exercise, not meanly learned in secular letters, strong in verse and prose, an excellent musician, and no less renowned for work than for knowledge, wrote in both styles little works not to be despised, of which there are reported:

Against the Simoniacs, 7 books. Also a Chronicle, 1 book. Many poems.

He also composed several chants in praise of the saints, with sweet and regular melody. He flourished under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1115.

Franco, second abbot of the monastery of Affligem, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, sufficiently instructed in secular doctrine, strong in talent and renowned for eloquence, wrote certain commendable little works both in meter and in prose, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. When he was still a simple monk in the aforesaid monastery, at the command of his abbot Fulgentius, he began a notable work, which afterward, having been made abbot, he completed, adorned with knowledge and eloquence:

On the Grace of God, 1 book. On the State of Future Glory, in meter, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. Sermons on the Blessed Virgin, 2 books. And certain other things.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

He was elected abbot of the aforesaid monastery of Affligem under Emperor Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1109, in the thirteenth indiction.

Gilbert, bishop of Poitiers, formerly a Parisian scholastic, surnamed Porreta, a Frenchman by nation, a man much exercised in the divine Scriptures and magnificently learned in secular letters, subtle in talent and confused in speech by the novelty of his terms, was accused of heresy in certain matters by Blessed Bernard, and, convicted in the council of Reims celebrated by Eugenius, is said to have renounced his error. There are those who excuse him, saying that the authorities introduced in his expositions were understood by some in a less sound way. But we, agreeing with the Roman Church, confess that what has once been concluded by it may be infringed by no one. Gilbert wrote many little works, of which the following are reported:

On the Whole Psalter, 1 book. On All the Epistles of Paul, 14 books. On the Gospel of John, 1 book. On Boethius, On the Trinity, 1 book. Books of Questions, etc., 1 book. Several sermons. And certain other things.

He flourished under Conrad III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Lucas, abbot of Mount Saint-Corneille, of the order of the holy father Benedict, learned in the holy Scriptures by continual exercise, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters for his station, having obtained a noble talent in expounding the divine books, transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity by writing various treatises. But I do not recall that any of them has come into our hands. There is reported a notable work of his addressed to Milo, bishop of the church of Therouanne, a man likewise most learned, which I have not yet seen:

On the Song of Songs, 1 book. Several sermons and letters. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Lothar, the last emperor, in the year of the Lord 1130.

Wilbert, bishop of Chartres, studious and very skilled in the divine Scriptures, and inferior to none of the learned men of his time in the disciplines of secular letters, acute in talent and sufficiently adorned with eloquence, distinguished in morals and life, and an especial lover and worshipper of the most blessed Mary, Mother of God, wrote a notable little work on this prophecy: “The sceptre shall not be taken away from Judah”:

Against the Jews, 1 book. On the Nativity of Saint Mary, 1 sermon. On the Approved Custom,

Abbot of Spanheim.

Various sermons, 2 books.

He is also said to have written several other things, which have not come to my knowledge. I believe he flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1100.

Odo, bishop of Cambrai, a man learned in the Holy Scriptures, nobly educated in humane letters, subtle in intellect and clear in eloquence, notably distinguished, in no slight degree, in composing and delivering homilies to the people after the manner of the ancients, wrote a disputation which he had had with a certain Jew concerning the mystery of the Lord’s incarnation, in dialogue form, marked with the first letter of his own name and of the Jew disputing with him:

To Wilbodo the monk, 1 book.

On the Canon of the Mass, 1 book.

On the Unjust Steward, 1 book. “There was a certain rich man.”

Several homilies and letters.

And he composed not a few other things, which have come to my knowledge.

Eadmer, a monk of Canterbury in England, of the Order of St. Benedict, at one time a hearer and disciple of Archbishop Anselm, a man learned through long practice in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, wrote little works not unworthy of reading, by which he both benefited the edification of the faithful and made his name known to posterity. Among these there is a volume on the discord which existed between William, king of the English, and the aforesaid St. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury:

On Ecclesiastical Liberty, 1 book.

The Life of the same Anselm, 1 book.

And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1120.

Gratian, a monk of Bologna or Classe, of the Order of St. Benedict, by nation, as some will have it, Etruscan, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and burning with wondrous zeal, prompt in intellect and clear in eloquence, also distinguished in life and conduct, after Ivo, bishop of Chartres, wrote a notable volume of decrees, from the statutes, sanctions, and writings of the ancients, which teachers of canon law use in the schools down to the present, approved by Pope Eugene III. Its title is:

The Concord of Discordant Canons, 1 book. “The human race by two.”

He also composed certain other things.

He flourished under Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1120. [unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Hugh, a monk of Corbie, of the Order of St. Benedict, called de Folieto, a man rich and learned in the Holy Scriptures through reading of the ancients, clear in intellect and sweet in eloquence, and no less venerable in conduct than in knowledge, made his name known to posterity by his writings. For he wrote an excellent volume, for all religious and God-fearing people not so much useful as delightful, divided into four little books, headed as follows:

On the Material Cloister, 1 book. “On the ordering of the cloister.”

On the Spiritual Cloister, 1 book. “The cloister of the soul contains.”

On the Cloister of the Soul, 1 book. “In the heavenly Jerusalem.”

On the Cloister of Paradise, 1 book.

And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Henry IV, in the year of the Lord 1120.

[unclear]

Richard, a monk of St. Victor at Paris, of the Order of the Regular Canons of St. Augustine, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in intellect, scholastic in eloquence, exceptional in morals and conduct, wrote many and almost innumerable little works, by which he greatly benefited the usefulness of believers and consecrated his name to immortality. Among these the following are reported:

On the Holy Trinity, 6 books. “My just man lives by faith.”

On Contemplation, 5 books. “Arise, Lord, into thy rest.”

On the Twelve Patriarchs, 1 book. “Benjamin a youth.”

On the Mystical Ark, 5 books. “That mystical ark of Moses.”

On the Song of Songs, 1 book. “In the little bed, etc.; the soul which.”

On the Extermination of Evil, 1 book. “What is it to thee, O sea, that.”

On the Advancement of Good, 1 book. “Every head is sick.”

Against the Judaizers, 1 book. “Behold, a virgin shall conceive and.”

On the Tabernacle of the Covenant, 1 book.

On the Forty-Two Stations, 1 book.

On the Four Degrees of Charity, 1 book.

On the Priesthood of Melchizedek, 1 book.

On the Twelve Attendants, 1 book.

On the Pursuit of Wisdom, 1 book.

On the Progress of Monks, 1 book.

On Mental Prayer, 1 book.

On the Threefold Holocaust, 1 book.

On the Authority of Peter, 1 book. “Whatsoever thou shalt bind.” On

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On judicial power, one book. On the difference of sins, [unclear] book(s). On the instruction of novices, one book. On the spirit of blasphemy, one book. On the offices of the Church, one book. On diverse affections, one book. An epitome of the whole Bible, [unclear] book(s). On the Apocalypse of John, one book. On Daniel the prophet, one book. A chronicle from the beginning of the world, one book. On the double Passover, one book. Of divisions or exceptions, twenty-four books. On the vision of Nebuchadnezzar, one book. On the sacrifice of Abraham, one book. On the four winds, one book. On the words of Isaiah, one book. On the Acts of the Apostles, one book. On violent charity, one book. On newness of life, one book. He also composed many other things besides: letters, sermons, and various treatises. He flourished under Conrad III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Guido, fifth prior of the Charterhouse, a man skilled by long study in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, gentle in disposition and distinguished in speech, and venerable no less for his manner of life than for his learning, is said to have composed several little works, by which his name has been endowed with immortality. Of these there is extant an excellent work, written in lucid discourse:

On the life of Hugh, bishop of Grenoble, one book. On the institutions of the Carthusians, one book. And certain other things.

He corrected with diligent study the letters of the most blessed father Jerome, which had been corrupted by the excessive fault of scribes, to the standard of truth, and brought them together into one. He died under Lothair the Younger, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1157, in the fifteenth indiction, on the sixth day before the Kalends of August.

Peter Lombard, bishop of Paris, formerly a scholastic, a man most studious in the divine Scriptures and nobly learned, subtle in intellect and distinguished in speech, transmitted his name to posterity by writing with such great glory that, down to the present day, the school of theologians, wherever it is practiced, names and regards him with singular veneration as the Master. For with discerning study he wrote, from the sayings of the holy fathers, a commendable work:

Four books of Sentences. “Desiring something concerning…” On the whole Psalter, one book. “Since all prophecies…” “Seeking the beginnings of things…” On all the epistles of Paul, four books. “Seeking the beginnings of things…” Various sermons, one book.

He also composed not a few other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Conrad III, emperor, in the year of the Lord [unclear].

Eckardus, first abbot of the monastery of St. Lawrence, which is called Vraugia, in the diocese of Würzburg in the Hercynian Forest, of the order of St. Benedict, a German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and, in secular letters, inferior to none among the learned Germans of his time, excelling in verse and prose, wrote little works not to be despised in reading, by which he showed the liveliness of his intellect. Of these I know only the excellent work, composed in a double style in imitation of Boethius, very useful and necessary for the instruction and consolation of monks and of all the faithful who fear God, which he entitled:

The Lantern of Monks, one book.

He composed certain elegant sermons and various letters to different persons. He flourished under Conrad III, emperor, in the year of the Lord [unclear]. He was buried in the middle of the church of the aforesaid monastery.

Engelbert, abbot of the monastery of Admont, of the order of St. Benedict, a German by nation, a man very studious and learned in the divine writings, and sufficiently instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, distinguished in intellect and speech, and no less worthy of reverence for his manner of life than for his knowledge, made his name known by writing and expounding various things, and both by word and by example did no slight service to the edification of his brothers. For he wrote:

Elegant sermons, one book. On vices and virtues, one book.

But he also published several other things, which have by no means come to my knowledge.

Peter, priest of the church of Troyes, surnamed Comestor or Manducator, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and excellently trained in secular letters, practiced in verse and prose, wrote in both styles certain distinguished little works, whose authority has long since been approved by the Church through use. He was called Comestor or Manducator for this reason: because [unclear] the authorities of the Scriptures in

The Abbot of Spanheim.

by very frequently citing them in his sermons and little works, as though he had eaten them into the belly of memory. Among the other volumes of his talent he wrote a distinguished work addressed to William, archbishop of Sens, expounding all the historical books of the Bible briefly and usefully, which now by usage is entitled

The Scholastic History, 20 books. Incipit: “Imperatoriae maiestatis.” On the Praises of Saint Mary, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, and very many other things, 1 book.

He flourished under Frederick, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 1160.

Peter, the Parisian dialectician, called Abelard, a Gaul by birth, a man most learned in secular philosophy, attempting to investigate higher matters, overwhelmed by glory, fell into many errors; through the action of the holy abbot Bernard, he was condemned with his depraved doctrines in the council of Sens. From this time secular philosophy began to defile sacred theology with its useless curiosity. This Peter wrote some little works which, if he had not mixed errors into them, could have benefited posterity. Of these there survives a volume overshadowed by dialectical obscurity, varied with many opinions, which he wished to entitle

His Theology, 1 book. Know Thyself, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Conrad, the third emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Adelphus, an abbot of the order of Saint Benedict, a man skilled in divine scriptures through long practice, not ignorant of secular letters, an indefatigable cultivator of regular observance, so that by word and example he might show himself a useful shepherd to the sheep of Christ entrusted to him, is said to have forged some little works for their benefit, in which a rich vein of talent commends an adorned eloquence. Of these there survive elegant

Sermons to the Brethren, 1 book. Against the Saracens, 1 book.

The rest which he is said to have composed have not come to my knowledge.

William, abbot of Saint-Thierry, afterward, as he says, a monk of Clairvaux under the divine father Bernard of the Cistercian order, a man studious and learned in divine scriptures, and also distinguished by the holiness of his life and conduct, and for that reason singularly beloved by him, published little works not to be despised in reading; of these few have come to my knowledge. He began to write, but, forestalled by death, did not complete,

The Life of Saint Bernard, Abbot, 1 book. Incipit: “Scripturus vitam servitui.” The Mirror of Faith, 1 book. The Enigma of Faith, 1 book. Sentences of Faith, 1 book. To Theophila, on the Nature of the Soul, 1 book. On Contemplating God, 1 book. On the Nature and Dignity of Love, 1 book. On the Sacrament of the Altar, 1 book. Against Peter Abelard, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, unfinished, 1 book. On Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, 1 book. And certain other things.

There are some who say that this William, while he was still abbot of Saint-Thierry, wrote that well-known letter to the Carthusians whose beginning is “Fratribus de monte Dei orientale lumen,” which is ascribed by many to blessed Bernard. He flourished under Conrad, the third emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140. And he died before Bernard, when he had completed one book on his life; Arnold, abbot of Bonneval, added four other books to it.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Conrad, a monk of the monastery of Hirsau on the borders of the Swabians, of the order of Saint Benedict, a German by nation, of the diocese of Speyer, a man most learned in divine scriptures, very skilled in secular letters, an eminent philosopher, rhetorician, musician, and poet, composed many splendid little works under the name Peregrinus. In them the adorned arrangement of the thoughts and the charming cultivation of speech declare their author inferior to none of the ancients. Of these, only the following have come to my knowledge:

A distinguished work of dialogues, under the name of Peregrinus the priest, addressed to Theodora, a virgin consecrated to God, which he entitled The Mirror of Virgins, 1 book. Incipit: “Collaturus tecum, o Theo-.” On the Gospels through the Year, 1 book. Incipit: “Quia in littera veteris te-.” On the Life of the Spirit, the Fruit, and Death, 1 book. Incipit: “Cum omnis divinae paginae.” The Matricularius, 1 book. Incipit: “Cum manifestum sit, mun-.” On the Praises of Saint Benedict, in verse, 1 book. Incipit: “Luce velut solem.” Didascalon, 1 book. Incipit: “Quia te video diu va-.” On Music and the Tones, 1 book. Incipit: “Musica est secundum cui-.”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

There was another declaimer of the order of Preachers, who according to

Abbot of Spanheim.

...according to the custom of modern writers, he composed sermons to the people under the name of Peregrinus, much inferior to our man in eloquence, and also later in time. Whatever this Conrad wrote, however, echoes Ciceronian eloquence, which the other could not do.

He flourished under the emperor Conrad III, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Arnold, abbot of Bonneval, of the Cistercian order, once the close friend of the blessed abbot Bernard, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and also not ignorant of secular letters, ready in talent and distinguished in eloquence, no less conspicuous in conduct than in doctrine, made his name known to posterity by writing. For after William, abbot of Saint-Thierry, had died, [he wrote] the work on the Life of Saint Bernard, 4 books; The Deeds of Illustrious Men; and certain letters.

He flourished under the emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1160.

Richard, monk of Cluny, of the order of Saint Benedict, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and in secular letters reputed in his time the most learned of all, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, by writing and composing various treatises transmitted his name with great glory to the knowledge of posterity. Yet I do not recall that any of them has so far come into our hands. His distinguished and famous work is, however, reported to be:

History and Times, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1160.

Ganfred of Auxerre, monk of the Cistercian order, once a hearer and disciple of Peter Abelard, but lest he should also become an imitator of his error, betook himself to the teaching of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Under his discipleship he became distinguished in learning and religion, and composed little works of reading not to be despised, by which he made his name known also to posterity.

Against Peter Abelard, 1 book. On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1180.

Peter, cleric of the church of Reims, called de Riga, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and in secular letters the most learned among all the doctors of his time, an outstanding grammarian and philosopher, excellent in verse and prose, wrote not a few volumes in both styles, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these I have seen only the notable metrical work on the Bible, which he entitled Aurora, as follows:

On Genesis, 1 book. It begins: “The beginning of the world, what sort...” 1 book. “These twelve of the fathers...” 1 book. “But the voice of the Lord [to] Moses...” 1 book. “God addresses Moses...” 1 book. “These are the words of God...” 1 book. “After Moses, Joshua...” 1 book. “The Hebrew sins, he says...” 1 book. “To Ruth hastens...” 3 books. “Dwelling on Mount Ephra...” 1 book. “Origen alone, with...” 1 book. “Solomon reigned...” 1 book. “After those subject to him...” 1 book. “You who read the history...” 2 books. “Certain people [assign] the book of Job to Moses...” 1 book. “To Eustochium and Paula...” 1 book. “As far as under the Ethiopians...” 1 book. “Great Alexander...” 1 book. “He shone under Herod...” 1 book. “In the nineteenth year of Tiberius...” 1 book. “These things concerning the new and old law...” 1 book. “[unclear].”

He also published many other things which have not come to my knowledge. In the aforesaid little works he expounded the historical books of the Bible with marvelous brevity, carefully observing the law of meter, and explained each item according to the historical and allegorical sense.

Joachim, abbot of the monastery of Fiore, of the order of Saint Benedict, originally from Calabria, a man zealous and practiced in the divine Scriptures, who, being regarded in his time as a prophet, even attempted to foretell future things. But it seems to me, if I may speak without prejudice to his own opinion or that of his followers, that he spoke more from conjectures drawn from the Scriptures than that he was a prophet. For, to be silent meanwhile about the rest, he dreamed that the emperor Frederick would be an enemy of the Church, whereas we all know that he persevered until death as peaceable, and subject and faithful to the Roman pontiff.

The Abbot of Spanheim.

[unclear]. He wrote, moreover, in plain language several little works, in nearly all of which, as though foreknowing the future, he was accustomed to mix predictions:

On Jeremiah the prophet, one book. On Daniel the prophet, one book. On the Gospel of John, one book. On the Apocalypse of John, eight books. To Henry VI, one book. “You piously ask something from...” “The first time of the synagogue...” On the Seven Seals, one book. The Psalter of Ten Strings, five books. Concords, five books. On the Fifteen Pontiffs, one book. “Go up, baldhead, that...” On Future Times, one book. “Because the general [condition] of the world...” Letters to various persons, one book.

He also published many other things, especially against the Jews and other adversaries of the Catholic faith, which have not come into our hands. But the treatise which he wrote against Peter Lombard, bishop of Paris, was condemned in a general council, as is clear at the beginning of the Decretals, “We condemn.”

He flourished under Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Rupert, a monk of the monastery of St. Remigius in the diocese of Reims, of the order of the holy father Benedict, a Frenchman by nation, a man trained by constant study in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of the secular disciplines, distinguished in intellect and clear in speech, wrote several little works of his own ability, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these I have seen only the distinguished History of the deeds done in the Holy Land by the Christians in the time of Urban II against the infidels, one book. “Among all histories...” Of the others I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Henry V, in the year of the Lord 1120.

Roswitha, a noble woman, born in Saxony, a nun in the monastery of Gandersheim, which is not far from Hildesheim, was renowned for remarkable talent and learning, and admirable in both kinds of writing. For, exhorting consecrated virgins to chastity and continence, she wrote in Latin six Comedies.

A panegyric on the deeds of the Ottos, in hexameter verse. In praise of the Blessed Virgin, in elegiac and hexameter verse, [unclear]. “Only hope...” Likewise the Passion of St. Dionysius in elegiac verse. Likewise on St. Gangolph and several other saints. She also had knowledge of the Greek language.

She was contemporary with John the Englishman, who earned the papacy by his learning.

Udechinus, priest of the church in Logenstein, a German by nation, a man learned in the holy Scriptures through long practice, sufficiently instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, went to Jerusalem with many others under the emperor Conrad III in hope of eternal reward. While they often fought with the Saracens in naval battle, he shone forth, beloved for his great devotion and constancy on behalf of the faith of Christ. After returning to his homeland, at the request of Cuno, abbot of the monastery of St. Disibod, then of our order, he wrote in a fairly elegant style, in the manner of a letter or little book, the History of that same pilgrimage, one book. “At your command, father...” Letters to various persons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Conrad III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Rupert, bishop of Lincoln, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, among all the learned men of his time most skilled in the disciplines of secular letters, a philosopher, astronomer, distinguished calculator, easily the foremost theologian of his time, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, transmitted his name with glory to posterity by writing many and various works. Of his little works few have come into our hands. These, however, are reported:

A Summa of Theology, one book. On the books of Dionysius, four books. The Summa which is called Numerale, one book. “Those who rule well...” On the Celestial Sphere, one book. “Our intention in this treatise...” On the Ecclesiastical Computus, one book. “Computus is the science of number...” A beautiful Calendar, one book.

He published many other things besides, which have not come to my knowledge.

John, bishop of Chartres, by homeland of Salisbury, formerly cleric and disciple of blessed Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, a man learned in the divine writings, nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, composed with fine grace, excellent in poetry and prose, and no less venerable for religion than for knowledge, wrote many splendid volumes by which he made his name known to posterity, but few of them have come into our hands. I have read the distinguished work on the trifles of courtiers and philosophers, which he chose to title Polycraticon, eight books. “Most delightful then in many...”

The Abbot of Sponheim.

A Penitential, one book. “When the mercies of the Lord ...” The Life of St. Thomas the Archbishop, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. He flourished under Frederick, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 1140.

Peter of Blois, archdeacon of Bath, a close friend of the aforesaid prelate John of Chartres, to whom [unclear] some letters, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and also excellently instructed in secular letters, acute and forceful in talent, who knew how not to flatter the vices of princes and prelates but to rebuke them, held in esteem among kings, princes, and bishops because of his learning and the honesty of his life, wrote many little works, of which these are reported:

On Christian Friendship, one book. “Since they have been diminished ...” On Saving Penitence, one book. “You asked me that to you [unclear] ...” On Hastening the Passage, one book. “Who will give water to my head ...” On the Quality of Penitence, one book. “The excessive harshness of your severity ...” On the Study of Wisdom, one book. “You are divided, and your heart ...” Against a Depraver, one book. “Your little exhortation ...” An Exhortation to an Abbot, two books. “He has been chosen by your ...” On the Office of a Bishop, one book. “You ask very urgently, reverend father ...” On the Danger of Prelates, one book. “As often as I recall the words ...” On the Life of Court Clerics, one book. “I give thanks to your grace ...” Letters, 194 in number, one book. “Asked by you, bishop ...” On the Precipices of Fortune, one book. He wrote also many other things. He flourished under Frederick, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 1160.

Alexander, the third pope, by homeland a Sienese, after Adrian IV sat in the chair of Peter for twenty-one years. He was a learned and vigorous man, who suffered many injuries from the emperor Frederick, while he forcefully crushed the three antipopes set up by him against himself; and at last, overcoming the emperor himself, as a sign of subjection he trampled his neck with his foot, saying: “It is written: You shall walk upon the asp and the basilisk, and you shall trample the lion and the dragon.” He wrote elegant

Letters to various persons, one book, and On Ecclesiastical Power, one book, and certain other things.

He died in the times of Frederick, the first emperor, in the year of the Lord 1181, in the fourteenth indiction. [unclear]

168 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear] Risolanus [perhaps Chrysolanus], archbishop of the church of Milan, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, distinguished in Greek and Latin eloquence, produced certain works of great authority, but none of them has come into my hands. There is reported to be his On the Holy Spirit Against the Greeks, one book; On the Holy Trinity, one book; letters, sermons, and various other treatises, which are unknown to me.

Hugo Eterianus, by nation a Tuscan, easily the most learned of all the doctors of his time in the holy Scriptures, and excellently instructed in secular letters, a most eloquent philosopher and rhetorician, perfectly trained in Greek and Latin speech, whom all Greece admired as a writer, very subtle in talent and second to none as a disputant, wrote many distinguished volumes both in Greek and in Latin, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Of these I have found only one work, short indeed, but not to be despised, on the heresies which the Greeks hurl against the Latins:

To Cardinal Ardoinus, one book. “Diligent prudence ...” On the Immortal God, one book. Of the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished in the times of Manuel, emperor of Constantinople, with whom he was of great authority, under Frederick, the first Roman Augustus, and Alexander, the fourth pope, in the year of the Lord 1160.

Christian, archchancellor of Frederick, the first emperor, by nation a German, a man very learned in secular literature, eloquent and industrious, whom the Italians admired when he spoke in his time, not ignorant also of the divine Scriptures, whom Leo the Tuscan, notary of Manuel, emperor of the Greeks, praises highly, wrote certain distinguished works of his talent, among which there are extant:

The Deeds and Life of Frederick, the first emperor, one book; with various letters, speeches, and certain other things.

He flourished under the same Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1170.

Leo, by nation a Tuscan, chief interpreter of the imperial letters under Manuel, prince of the Greeks, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and an excellent cultivator of secular letters, skilled in Greek and Latin speech, whose office it was to translate letters sent to the emperor, or to be sent to others, from one language into another, produced

Abbot of Sponheim.

... certain distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name also to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have read only the excellent work which he entitled:

On the Prevarications of the Greeks, 2 books. “The intolerable [unclear] of the Greeks...” Against the Errors of the Greeks, 1 book.

He flourished at Constantinople in the times of Emperor Frederick I and Pope Alexander III, in the year of the Lord 1170.

John, archdeacon of a certain church of [Horit?], a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, skilled in the Greek and Latin languages, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain little works not to be despised for the edification of the faithful, by which he made his name known. Of these there exists an excellent and distinguished work, addressed to Stephen, a certain royal notary, against the Greeks:

On the Procession of the Holy Spirit, 1 book. “Many things in rounded Greek...” Also various letters.

But he says that he wrote certain other things as well, which have not come into our hands.

Odefridus of Viterbo, priest, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in talent and distinguished, practiced in verse and prose, wrote little works of reading not to be despised, by which he left his memory to posterity. Of these there exists a large volume addressed to Pope Urban III, mixed in verse and prose, on the beginning of the world, on the whole Old and New Testament, and on the ages of the world, times, deeds, and all histories of kings, which he entitled:

Pantheon, 18 books. “On the beginning of the world and...” I have seen nothing of the others.

Eckebert, the second abbot of the monastery of Saint Florin, of the order of the divine father Benedict, in the diocese of Trier, German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and venerable no less in conduct than in knowledge, was the brother of blessed Elizabeth the virgin, abbess of Schonau. He had formerly been a canon of the church of Bonn; called to Schonau by his holy sister, he first became a monk and then abbot. He wrote little works of reading not to be disregarded, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have found the following:

Against Heresies, 1 book. “The prophecy long ago...” On the Beginning of the Gospel of John, 1 book. “The mysteries of the divine word...” On the Magnificat, 1 book. “The spirit of the Lord upon you...” On ‘The Angel Was Sent’, 1 book. “The evangelical sermon for every...” On the Death of His Sister, 1 book. “To virgins consecrated to God...” Meditations, 1 book. “I have a word for you...” Sermons Through the Year, 2 books. “There shall be signs, etc., Advent...” Praises of the Savior, 1 book. A Book of Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He also published several other things, which have not come to my knowledge. For he was an excellent declaimer, learned and eloquent, so much so that he overcame in a single disputation a certain heretic whom no one could refute. He flourished in the aforesaid monastery of Saint Florin, which is called Schonau, in the diocese of Trier, under Emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1160; and on account of his religion and learning he was held in esteem.

Elizabeth, nun and abbess of the sisters of the monastery of Schonau, of the order of Saint Benedict, for there are two monasteries, one of monks and the other of nuns, situated at the end of the diocese of Trier, not far from the Rhine in the Hercynian Forest, sister of the aforesaid abbot Eckebert, a virgin of most holy conduct, received many revelations from God, which she committed to writing for the edification of posterity. Of these I have read the following:

The Ways of God, a useful work, 1 book. “It happened at the beginning...” On the Eleven Thousand Virgins of Cologne, 1 book. “To you who [unclear] pious affections...” Of Various Revelations, 2 books. “All who are going to read...” To Her Brother Eckebert, 1 book. “You ask of me, brother...” A Book of Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. “From the bishopric of Metz...” To Saint Hildegard, 1 book. And certain other things.

She died under Emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1165, in the fourteenth indiction, in the thirty-sixth year of her age, the twenty-fourth of her conversion, and the thirteenth of the visitation of the heavenly splendor, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of July, and was buried in the church of the monks of Saint Florin, in the middle of the choir.

Hildegard, abbess of the monastery of Saint Rupert the confessor, opposite the town of Bingen, on the other side of the river Nahe, in the diocese of Mainz, of the order of the divine father Benedict, German by nation, from the county of Sponheim, once a disciple of blessed Gutta, perhaps Jutta or Judith, the virgin, wife of Count Megenhard of Sponheim, our founder, a virgin of most holy conduct and from her childhood illuminated by divine revelations, whose life

Abbot of Spanheim.

proved by miracles, she spread the fragrance of her holiness into distant regions, so that Eugenius III, Anastasius IV, Hadrian IV, and Alexander III, Roman pontiffs, frequently visiting her by their writings, commended themselves and the Roman Church to her prayers. Moreover, Eugenius III, in the council of Trier, with Saint Bernard present, publicly approved before all her writings and little works when they had been read aloud; and again strengthened her by letters, that she should persevere in the undertaking she had begun. All that she wrote, however, she learned by divine revelation. Among these are the following:

On the Rule of St. Benedict, one book. “And I, a poor little [woman?]…” Thirty Questions, one book. “Charity, which with abstin[unclear]…” Life of St. Rupert the Confessor, one book. “For as in a true vision…” Life of St. Disibod the Bishop, one book. “In a mystical vision,” etc. Eight Homilies on the Gospel, one book. “A certain man who [unclear]…” On the Sacrament of the Altar, one book. “In the vision which of the soul…” Scivias, a large volume, one book. “And it came to pass in the year [unclear]…” Of the Merits of Life, one book. Of Simple Medicine, one book. Of Compound Medicine, one book. “And it came to pass in the sixth year…” Of Divine Works, one book. “He who was, and who is, and…” To the People of Cologne, one book. “I, a poor little [woman?], [unclear]…” To the People of Trier, one book. “O crowds of men, born…” An Exhortation of Secular Persons, one book. “O daughters, who [follow?] the footsteps…” To Her Sisters, one book. “I, a poor little [woman?], in [unclear]…” Various Poems, one book. “Who are these who, like a cloud…” And to Saint Bernard, one epistle. “In the spirit of mysteries…” Letters to Various Persons, 155, one book. “Father of all, I, poor…”

She also wrote other things. In all her little works, however, Catholic doctrine shines forth, such as either confirms faith or instructs conduct; nor did she ever say or write anything that could be called into doubt. And although she was ignorant of the Latin language, nevertheless, through the revelation of the Spirit of God, she dictated everything in Latin and fittingly, while notaries took it down. We have seen many letters of Conrad III and Frederick I, emperors, and of the bishops of Mainz, Trier, Cologne, Bremen, Jerusalem, and of almost innumerable others, who, from different regions of the world, stirred by the fame of her holiness and revelations, commended themselves in writing to her prayers, and sought answers to various questions.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

They sought them. She died under Emperor Frederick I, in the year of the Lord 1180, in the eighty-second year of her age, in the thirteenth indiction, on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of October.

Albert, patriarch of Jerusalem, a learned and most holy man, who gave to the Carmelite brothers, while they were still living in the Holy Land, the rule which those same brothers, now settled in Europe, profess everywhere after it was modified and approved by the Apostolic See, at the urging of Pope Innocent III described, in a lucid and truthful style:

The State of the Holy Land, one book. The Rule of the Carmelites, one book.

He flourished under Emperor Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1190.

Innocent III, pope, a Campanian by nation, previously called Lotharius, presided over the Church after Pope Celestine III for eighteen years. He was a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, since from his boyhood he had devoted himself to letters in the school of Paris, and he grew into a man no less upright than learned. He left not a few little works of his talent, of which, under the name of Lotharius the Levite, or also of Pope Innocent, the following are current:

On the Usefulness of the Human Condition, two books. “Why from the womb of the mother…” On the Seven Penitential Psalms, one book. On the Office of the Mass, two books. “There are chiefly three things in which…” On the Sacrament of Baptism, one book. On the Cloister of the Soul, one book. The Ancient Decretals, one book. Several Sermons, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He flourished at the time of the discord which existed between Philip, brother of Henry, and Otto, duke of Saxony, in the year of the Lord 1200.

G[unclear], most learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, having ascended the theological chair in the school of Paris, shone forth with distinction for a long time, and among all the doctors of that time was celebrated with the greatest fame and reputation. He wrote a very distinguished and useful volume, or:

Summa of Theology, one book. “As the Apostle says, Faith…” On the Divine Offices, one book.

He is said also to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Cy

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Cyrillus, priest and monk of Mount Carmel, the third prior general of the same order, by nation, as they report, a Greek, a holy man illumined by a prophetic spirit, to whom almighty God is said to have disclosed his will through angelic ministry, while he is honored with silver tablets written by the finger of God, wrote, among the other little works of his talent, to an abbot, On the Angelic Oracle:

The prologue begins thus, one epistle. The oracle itself thus, one book. On the Course of His Order. Several letters to various persons.

He flourished under Philip and Otto, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Helinandus, a studious man learned by long practice, and nobly instructed in secular literature, acute in intellect, eloquent in speech, because of the excellence of his learning and the integrity of his life, appeared not the least among the ecclesiastical doctors of his time. For he wrote several little works, by which he gave his name to immortality. Of these the following are reported: from the beginning of the world down to his own age, a great, distinguished volume:

Histories, 48 books. On the Restoration of the Fallen One. Several sermons, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. And many other things.

He flourished under Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1209.

Gilbert, a monk of the Cistercian order, afterwards abbot of a certain monastery, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures, excellently learned, subtle in intellect, renowned in eloquence, wrote after the death of Saint Bernard the abbot, where he had left off, namely from the place, “In my bed by night,” down to the end, forty-six subtle and most elegant sermons:

On the Song of Songs, one book. “Various are [the things] of lovers.” And certain other things.

He flourished under Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1190.

Aelred, abbot of the same monastery, of the Cistercian order, a man exercised by constant study in the holy Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, gentle in intellect, sweet in speech, outstanding in devotion, wrote for the usefulness of his brothers a number of little works, by which he benefited them and transmitted the knowledge of his name to posterity.

174 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Of these there is extant a little work of great usefulness for religious men, filled with spiritual maxims, which he entitled, one book:

The Mirror of Charity, one book. It begins: “When Jesus was [unclear]”

On Luke.

And other things which I have not seen.

He flourished in the times of Henry VI, around the year of the Lord 1200.

Maurice, bishop of Paris, very studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, since before his episcopate he taught theology gloriously for many years at Paris, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, was of excellent zeal in delivering sermons to the people. He is said to have composed certain distinguished little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there are said to be, throughout the cycle of the whole year, both on Sundays and on feast days:

Sermons to the People, one book.

On the Care of Souls, to priests, one book.

But the rest which he is said to have written have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1190.

Papias, a Lombard by nation, a man most learned in secular letters, the most renowned grammarian of all in his own time, fully instructed in Greek and Latin speech, and also not moderately exercised in the divine Scriptures, wrote in a twofold style, in both literatures, certain excellent little works, of which few have come to my knowledge:

On the Order of Speaking, two books.

On the Words of the Latin Language, three books. It begins: “All in this book [unclear]”

Letters to Various Persons, four books.

Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished in the times of Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

John Beleth, once a distinguished theologian of the school of Paris, learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in secular philosophy, ready in intellect, scholastic in speech, not undistinguished among the doctors of his time, by writing and disputing brought his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. For he wrote the not useless

Summa on the Divine Offices, one book. It begins: “In the primitive church”

Also various Sermons, one book.

In addition he is said to have written not a few other things, but they have not come to my knowledge.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Theoderic, abbot of the order of St. Benedict, a German by nation, a man studious in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, distinguished no less in manner of life than in knowledge, is said to have composed some little works, of which I have seen only, addressed to certain abbots:

The Life of Saint Hildegard, four books. It begins: “In the Roman commonwealth”

And certain letters.

He flourished under Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Werner, otherwise Irnerius, an illustrious and notable man, a professor and most renowned interpreter of civil law, and an eminent cultivator of the other humane letters, who was deservedly called the lamp of the law, because he was the first to expound civil law with little glosses and, without example, gave to others an example of illuminating the law. And from this time the professors of both laws always shone in abundance, and they began to explain the volumes of their instruction down to the present day. He taught in both for a long time at Bologna, where he had many and excellent disciples, who by their learning spread the fame and glory of their master. His glosses and distinguished monuments on the laws are extant, which are very well known among the professors of this field.

He flourished in the times of Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Peter, abbot of Cluny, of the order of St. Benedict, a man learned through constant exercise in the divine Scriptures, gentle in intellect, sweet and well-composed in speech, and sufficiently fit for persuasion, devout and praiseworthy in manner of life, and a distinguished zealot for regular observance, making his name known to posterity by writing, composed certain devout little works for the usefulness of readers, of which these are reported:

Revelations of Many Persons, one book.

On the Eremitic Way of Life, one book. It begins: “I have received the letters of your affection”

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

He published some other things also, which have not come to my knowledge.

Peter, cantor of Paris, and afterwards, as they say, bishop, a man most learned in the divine writings and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, presided gloriously for many years over the theological school at Paris, and instructed many excellent disciples. He also wrote certain distinguished little works, of which I remember that few have come into our hands: a volume entitled,

On Ecclesiastical Writers

The Abbreviated Word, 1 book. It begins: “The abbreviated word.” Another work of Distinctions, 2 books. It begins: “Abel is called the beginning.” The Grammar of Theologians, 3 books. It begins: “The soul, the spirit.” Various sermons, 4 books. It begins: “On the soul and the spirit.” On Certain Miracles, 5 books. Also On the Sacraments, 6 books. It begins: “The people went about.” He flourished in the times of Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Pilleus of Modena, professor of both laws and a very celebrated interpreter, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, distinguished in learning and cautious in counsel, was held in the highest esteem among the older jurists. By writing and teaching various things in that faculty he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Among his little works there is found a certain notable and not negligible Summa, which he entitled:

On the Order of Trials, 1 book. It begins: “The name of Christ having been invoked.”

Of the other things that he wrote, however, nothing has come to my knowledge.

John Bosianus, by country a Cremonese, a most famous expounder of laws, teacher of Azo of Bologna, the very distinguished jurisconsult, a man of great learning and reputation, who appeared first among the expositors of law and by his example gave many both spirit and form for study, is said to have written certain excellent little works in that faculty, by which he gave his name to immortality. Among these there is extant a brief Summa on the Pandects, which is entitled:

Ventosa. A lecture on the Code, 9 books.

And certain other things.

He flourished under Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 120[unclear].

Stephen the Englishman, once an ornament and rector of the school of Paris, studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and in Aristotelian philosophy second to none in his time, taught theology gloriously for many years, and was the first to begin to expound Scripture scholastically and morally. And from this the custom took root that masters of theology should more clearly open the divine books to their students in their lectures in the schools. This Stephen wrote, as I have learned, the following little works:

On the five books of Moses, 1 book. On Joshua, 1 book. Also on the book of Judges, 2 books. Also on Kings, 4 books. On the twelve minor prophets, 2 books.

He published many other things besides, which have not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished around the times of the rule of Henry VI as king, but as the fifth emperor crowned by the pope, in the year of the Lord 120[unclear].

Abbot of Sponheim

Bagorotus, distinguished professor of both laws and a most celebrated interpreter, not ignorant also of other letters, whose authority among the ancient jurists was not small, on account of his excellent talent for teaching and his zeal for writing, also made his name known to posterity. Among his little works there is extant a notable Summa, which he entitled:

Cavillations, 1 book. On the Order of Trials, 1 book. It begins: “By the prayers and insistence.”

He is said to have written very many other things besides, but they have not come to my knowledge.

Lacantinus, an Italian by nation, a most celebrated cultivator and expounder of both laws, won great glory by teaching and writing at Montpellier. He once held a place among the chief doctors among the professors of this art, because of certain highly commended volumes which he composed; among these, among others, there is said to be extant:

A Summa of Trials, 1 book. Also on the Code, 9 books. It begins: “Since it is dangerous for me.”

Concerning the others I have found nothing. Mantua.

He flourished in the times of Henry VI, in the year of the Lord 1200.

Rofredus, by country a Beneventan, a very distinguished doctor in both laws, subtle in intellect, composed in speech after the scholastic manner, and through long practice sufficiently suitable for resolving doubts and questions of law, wrote in that faculty little works not to be despised by students, by which he consecrated his name and reputation to immortality. Of these, however, we have been able to find only a few, which we have set down below: a very useful volume containing:

Questions of Civil Law, 1 book. Questions of Canon Law, 1 book. A Summa of Law, 1 book. It begins: “If I were to consider the intellect.”

On all actions. What more he published has as yet by no means come to my knowledge.

Peter, archbishop of Sens, learned in the divine Scriptures by constant study, rich in the reading of the ancients, and nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote little works of no small usefulness, by which he both cultivated his own talent and prepared material for the edification of others. He wrote very subtly, with the opinions of the fathers appended:

On all the epistles of Paul, 14 books. Also various sermons, 1 book.

He also diligently expounded various books of the Bible, and is said to have written other treatises, varied and useful, which have not come to my knowledge.

Azo

[page] 216. 178. ON ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS.

Azo, an Italian by nation, drawing the origin of [his] life from the city of Bologna, once hearer and disciple of John Bassiani of Cremona, a most learned man; a most famous interpreter of the civil law, a fountain of laws, an abundance of words, a lamp of law, who by his erudition and knowledge easily excels all the jurists who preceded him; he published many little works pertaining to the civil law, by which he acquired immortal praise and glory: A notable Summa of law: 1 book. On the Old Digest: 24 books. On the Code also: 9 books. Besides, he composed excellent apparatus on the laws, and appended additions to several Summas, and wrote various [things] which are not unknown to learned jurists. He flourished in the times of Frederick II, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1250, and left after him many distinguished disciples.

Giles de Fuscariis, a citizen of Bologna, a man most learned in canon law, and nobly erudite as much in the imperial laws as in the other disciplines of humanity, subtle in talent and renowned in eloquence, a doctor of great authority among the ancient professors of this faculty, wrote certain illustrious volumes in that discipline, of which I have seen only: On the office of the Notary: 1 book. ["It remains now that, concerning the office…"] Various Questions of law. The rest which he composed have as yet by no means come into our hands.

Francis, founder and prince of the order of Minors, an Italian by nation, sprung from Assisi, a city of Italy, a man of most holy conversation and a most ardent follower of evangelical poverty, who by word and example turned many from iniquity and directed [them] into the way of catholic justice; he was so great a lover of Christ that in contempt of the world and of transitory consolation he scarcely had an equal. In whose order many most learned men have thereafter become illustrious, who composed little works almost innumerable for the usefulness of the faithful. But Francis himself wrote, briefly: The Rule of the Minors: 1 book. ["The Rule and life of the Minors…"] A brief Testament: 1 book. ["The Lord gave to me, brother…"] He flourished under Frederick II, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1220.

Caesarius, monk at Heisterbach, of the Cistercian order, a Teuton by nation, of the diocese of Cologne, a devout man, outstanding in regular discipline, and studious in the divine Scriptures by long exercise, composed, for the instruction of novices, whose insti[tution]…

The Abbot of Spanheim.

He was an instructor; in a simple and open style he composed some little works, the reading of which is not to be despised by devout and simpler brothers. Of these I have found only the following:

A lengthy work on the miracles and various visions that occurred in his time in Germany, which, in imitation of Saint Pope Gregory, he entitled: Dialogues on Various Matters, 12 books. Incipit: “Gather up the fragments, lest...”

On the Sunday Gospels, 2 books. Incipit: “The cluster of Cyprus, beloved...”

Sermons to Novices, 4 books. Incipit: “Our Lord and Savior Jes...”

Besides these he published several others, which have not come to my knowledge.

William, a monk of the monastery of the blessed martyr Dionysius at Paris, of the Order of Saint Benedict, a Frenchman by nation, a man skilled in sacred Scripture through constant study, and outstandingly learned in the disciplines of secular letters, distinguished in talent and eloquence, and an eminent knower of the times, transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity by writing and teaching various things. Of these there is extant:

A volume of Histories, 3 books.

And numerous letters to various persons, 4 books.

He is also reported to have published commentaries on sacred Scripture, which I have not yet seen.

James of Vitry, bishop of Acre, afterward cardinal of the holy Roman Church, bishop of Tusculum, a man learned in sacred Scripture and not ignorant of secular letters, notable in character and life, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people. Gloriously preaching the cross against the Albigensian heretics, he marked many of the faithful against them by apostolic authority. He wrote little works of reading not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity, namely:

Eastern History, 1 book.

Life of Mary of Oignies, 5 books.

Against the Saracens, 1 book.

On the Holy Women of Liège, 4 books.

Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

Besides these he composed some others, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1220.

Bonaguida of Arezzo, a man most learned in both laws above all others in his time, of great authority among the old professors of this faculty, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote for the benefit of students of law certain excellent volumes, by which he made himself useful to those present and known to those to come. Of these there is extant a noble summa, which he entitled:

Introductory Work for Advocates, 2 books. Incipit: “Since of the office of advocacy...”

Pearl of Law, 1 book. Incipit: “When after the invasion...”

Declarations of Various Cases. But he is said to have composed certain other works, which have not come to my knowledge.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Peter de Vineis, a German by nation, scribe and chancellor of Emperor Frederick II, a learned and eloquent man, but chiefly reprehensible in this: that, adhering to that Frederick, by his favor he foolishly barked against the Roman Church. At length, when he had offended him in certain matters, he was duly rewarded by him and lost the light together with his eyes. He wrote certain little works of his talent, of which I have found only:

Letters in the Person of the Emperor, 6 books. Incipit: “The pontiffs have gathered...”

On Imperial Power, 1 book.

He flourished in the times of the same Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1230.

Anthony, called of Padua, but Spanish by nation, born from the city of Lisbon, of the Order of Minors, disciple of Blessed Francis, a man most learned in sacred Scripture, since he taught gloriously for so long a time and left after him distinguished disciples; he was of such sanctity that, living and dead, he shone with many miracles. He was an exceedingly excellent preacher, so much so that the supreme pontiff was accustomed to call him the ark of the covenant. And Saint Francis was accustomed to call him his bishop. Among the other little works of his talent he wrote very elegant and most ardent:

Sermons also on the Saints, 1 book. Incipit: “There shall be signs, he says...”

He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1230. And because of the abundance of miracles after his death, he was immediately enrolled in the catalogue of the saints by Pope Gregory IX, together with Saints Dominic and Elizabeth, landgravine of the Thuringians.

Jordan of the Order of Preachers, after Saint Dominic, as they say, master general, a German by nation, a man practiced in sacred Scripture and sufficiently learned, an outstanding preacher of the word of God, venerable no less for sanctity than for learning, by his example and honey-sweet doctrine instructed many in piety. He is said to have written some little works, the reading of which is judged not useless for declaimers and devout brothers. Of these the following are reported: From the office of the priorate to the brothers of his order [unclear].

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Several exhortatory letters, one book. Sermons to the people, one book. On the institution of the order, one book. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, at the same time also as Blessed Dominic, in the year of the Lord 1220.

Rupert of Bobbio, professor and expositor of both laws, most sagacious in interpretation, subtle in intellect, and brilliant in speech after the scholastic manner, who among the older professors of this science was held to be among its chief doctors, transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity by teaching and writing, as an example for others in learning and an aid to advancement. For he wrote a notable Summa, which he entitled:

On the order of trials, Because paternal piety, one book. Questions and determinations, one book.

And not a few other works, which nevertheless have by no means come into our hands.

Bernard Dorna, a Provençal by nation, once a hearer and disciple of the very famous man Azo of Bologna, a most learned professor and expositor of both laws, moved by the example of his most learned teacher, devoted himself wholly to letters and wrote various little works, by which he dedicated his name to immortality. Of these there is extant a distinguished volume:

On the formulation of legal petitions, one book.

And other works which I have not seen.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240.

Accursius, an Italian by nation, born in the city of Florence, once a hearer and disciple of Azo, a man most skilled in both laws and not least learned in the other disciplines of secular letters, subtle in intellect and renowned in eloquence. How great his authority is at this time among professors of law, no one even moderately learned is unaware. He wrote many excellent little works, and was the first to gloss the whole civil law:

On the Old Digest. On the New Digest, twelve books. On the Infortiatum, fourteen books. On the Code, twelve books. On the Institutes, four books.

He also published not a few other works, which are very well known to students of law.

Johannes Fichardus relates in the Lives of the Jurists that he flourished in the year of the Lord 1226, at which time, as Accursius himself reports, he also composed glosses on the volume of the Authentics. He taught at Bologna, where, leaving behind his son Franciscus Accursius, himself also a jurist and professor, but far more obscure than his father, he died.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240.

Upertus of Bonacurso, an Italian by nation, a man skilled in both laws, not ignorant of secular philosophy, ready in intellect and clear in speech, who among the older expositors of law was of no obscure reputation, composed in that faculty certain excellent little works, of which I do not remember any having come into our hands. There is reported to be his:

On the preludes of cases, one book. Since by imperial mandate. And certain works on trials.

We believe, however, that both those and his other works are not unknown to learned jurists.

John of Abbeville, archbishop of Besançon, cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, a Frenchman by nation, a man most learned in the divine scriptures, a very famous interpreter of those same sacred letters, who in the Parisian studium taught theology excellently for many years, and was most outstanding in delivering sermons to the people. For that reason especially, from a Parisian master he was made archbishop of Besançon. He wrote very useful and distinguished works:

Sermons on the temporal cycle, two books. Sermons on the saints, three books.

He also published many other works, which have not come to my knowledge. He wrote the said sermons for the cycle of the year: first, to be sure, briefly expounding the short Gospel and apostolic readings; afterward, however, he published other sermons, both on Sundays and on feast days, so lengthy, introducing so many testimonies of the scriptures, that they could scarcely be committed to memory. Yet, with new ones now coming after them, they have in part fallen into little esteem.

Raymond of Penyafort, a Catalan or Provençal by nation, third master general of the Order of Preachers, a man learned in the divine scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, ready in intellect, distinguished in knowledge of canon law, made his name immortal by writing various works, and bound the Church to himself by his little works as a perpetual debtor, if I may so speak. For at the command of Pope Gregory IX he compiled:

The Decretals of law, five books. The peace-making king, with pious [unclear]. A Summa on cases, six books. Since, as Jerome says [unclear].

Abbot of Spanheim.

Constitutions of his order, one book. And certain other things. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1230.

Albertus Galeoti, by country a Parmese, a professor of canon and civil law and a famous interpreter, subtle in intellect, cautious in counsel, and scholastic in speech, who, because of his learning and experience in affairs, was counted among the chief doctors by the old jurists, wrote certain minor works in law not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity with immortal praise. Of these there survives:

The Summa Margarita of Questions, one book. “When I, Albertus Gal...” And Declarations of Judgments, one book. And certain other diverse works, unknown to us, are held by various persons.

Odofredus of Benevento, a hearer of Azo of Bologna and afterwards the teacher of Jacobus Balduini, a man most skilled in both laws, subtle in intellect and clear in eloquence, who left many distinguished disciples after him, was held in great authority among the ancients because of his teaching and erudition both in law and in the other humane letters. Many minor works of his are reported, by which he made his name known to posterity:

On the Formation of Libels, one book. “After the work of the notary...” On Judicial Order, one book. “As Christ...” On the Art of the Notariate, one book. And other works which I have not seen. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1250.

Johannes de Blanoso, Burgundian by nation, a man most learned in both laws and sufficiently instructed in the precepts of the secular philosophers, keen and ready in intellect, wrote in clear speech minor works not to be scorned by the professors of this faculty, by which the fame of his name became known far and wide both to those then present and to those who would come after. Of these there survives a volume of great utility, which he entitled:

On the Actions of Advocates, one book. “I, Johannes de Blanoso...” And Various Questions. But the other works which he composed have not come to my knowledge.

Johannes, Teutonic by name and nation, born from the city of Freiburg, bishop of Bosnia in Hungary, of the Order of Preachers, a man much exercised in the divine Scriptures, learned in law, and excellently skilled in secular philosophy, who because of his learning and holiness of life had been taken from the order to the episcopate, which he later abandoned and returned to his order, and after Raymond was appointed master general of the order, did many good things. He wrote a notable Summa for Confessors, five books. “Since new matters of doubts...” And certain other things. He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1150. He was buried in his convent at Strasbourg, once shining, as they say, with many miracles.

Innocent, Pope IV, previously called Symbaldus, an Italian by nation, born from the city of Genoa, sat in the pontificate after Celestine IV for eleven years, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and in law, a lover of religious, who celebrated the general Council of Lyons, in which, with the consent of the fathers, he deposed Frederick from the empire and established many things for the utility of the Church. He nevertheless wrote certain excellent minor works, by whose publication he is worthily numbered among ecclesiastical writers, to be transmitted with them to the knowledge of posterity. Against Petrus de Vineis:

On Ecclesiastical Power, one book. An Apparatus on the Decretals, five books. “It is read in Ezekiel...” The Rule of the Poor Clares, one book. “The form of life of the order...” The Authentics also, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. And certain other things. He flourished under Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1250.

Rolandinus de Romanciis, a most celebrated professor and interpreter of both laws, and nobly learned in secular philosophy, who was not among the least with the old jurists, wrote in that faculty certain excellent minor works, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I found only the Summa:

On the Order of Crimes, one book. “The little book begins...” Determinations and Questions. The rest, which he is said to have composed, have not come to my knowledge.

Bernardus, priest of Compostela, intimate and chaplain of Pope Innocent IV, a man most learned in law, prompted by the zeal of that same pontiff, wrote certain excellent minor works in law, which are held in great authority in these times among jurists. Of these I have been able to find few, namely an eminent Apparatus:

On the Decretals, five books. “At the beginning of this book...” Ca-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

The Cases of the Decretals, 5 books. “The peaceful king, pious [unclear]…” I have seen nothing of the rest. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1250.

[Guido?] de Suzaria, a doctor most skilled in law and sufficiently instructed in the other disciplines of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, ready and cautious in counsel, among the ancients expert in these matters enjoyed great authority. He is said to have produced certain distinguished little works in law, among which there exists a notable Summa, which he entitled, in 4 books, On the Ordering of Cases. Various Declarations also. And many other works, which have not yet come into our hands.

Bartholomaeus Brixiensis, professor and interpreter of canon law, most [unclear] and excellently learned in the other disciplines of secular literature, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote various distinguished little works both in law and on other matters, by which he gave his name to immortality. Of these the following are reported: A Repertory of the Decretum, 3 books. “Since with favoring [unclear]…” Disputations on the Decretals, 5 books. A Chronicle of Italy, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And certain other works. The same man wrote additions to the glosses of the Decretum. Also Sunday and Friday Questions, 91 in number. He also produced a history of times.

Johannes de Deo, professor and eminent expositor of both laws, and sufficiently learned in the disciplines of philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, who among the ancients was of great authority, wrote many various little works in both laws, through which the memory of his name came to the knowledge of many. Of these only a few have reached my knowledge. For I have found only the following: A Summa of Cavillations, 7 books. “For the honor of the highest [unclear]…” Another work entitled Judgment, 4 books. “At the beginning may [unclear] be present…” A Table of the Decretum, 2 books. “The book of decretals [unclear]…” A Concordance of the Decretum and the Decretals, 1 book. “For those willing, promptly…” Various Questions. He taught in the city of Bologna, where he composed the aforesaid works and others, from [unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Hugo Barchinonensis, of the Order of Preachers, cardinal priest of the title of Santa Sabina of the holy Roman Church, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, who before his entry into the order had been master of sacred theology and had had many distinguished pupils, wrote several excellent little works, by which he consecrated his name to immortality. Shining no less brightly in conduct and religion than in knowledge, he remained the same in dignity as he had been before. Of his books these are reported: On Genesis, 1 book. On Exodus, 1 book. On Leviticus, 1 book. On Numbers, 1 book. On Deuteronomy, 1 book. On Joshua, 1 book. On Judges, 1 book. On the Books of Ruth, 1 book. On Kings, 4 books. On Chronicles, 1 book. On Ezra and Nehemiah, 5 books. On Tobit, 1 book. On Judith, 1 book. On Esther, 1 book. On the Books of Job, 1 book. On the Psalter, 1 book. On Proverbs, 1 book. On Ecclesiastes, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On the Book of Wisdom, 1 book. On Ecclesiasticus, 1 book. On Isaiah the Prophet, 1 book. On Jeremiah, 5 books. On Ezekiel, 1 book. On Daniel, 1 book. On the Twelve Minor Prophets, 12 books. On the Books of Maccabees, 2 books. On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. On the Gospel of Mark, 1 book. On the Gospel of Luke, 1 book. On the Acts of the Apostles, 1 book. On the Epistles of the Apostle Paul, 2 books. On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. A Summa on Cases, 1 book. He also composed several other works, which have not yet come to my knowledge. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240.

Jacobus Baldeuini, formerly a hearer of Odofredus Beneventanus, a very distinguished man, professor and eminent interpreter of civil law, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, outstanding in counsel and action, wrote in that faculty certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported: On the Code, 2 books. On the Old Digest, 11 books. On the New Digest, 3 books. On the Infortiatum, 4 books. And certain other works. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240. Da-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

David, of the Order, as they say, of Minors, German by nation, a man practiced in the divine Scriptures, distinguished in life and conduct, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote certain little works in a plain style, the reading of which is not to be despised by devout brothers. Of these the following are extant:

To novices. On the composition of the outer man, one book. On the composition of the inner man, one book. Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. And certain others.

He flourished not long after Blessed Francis; he is buried at Augsburg.

Humbert, of the Order of Preachers, the fifth master general, from his homeland a man of Vienne, formerly a pupil of Hugh of Barcelona the theologian, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, an outstanding preacher, evangelical in life, pure in conscience, excellent in action, sweet in speech, fit for persuasion, who once drew Hugh, his own teacher of sacred theology, into the order: he wrote certain devout little works, by which his name came to the knowledge of posterity. Among them these are reported:

On the Rule of Saint Augustine, one book. A Summary for Preachers, one book. The Deeds of the Friars Preachers, one book. On the offices of his order, one book. On the three substantial things of religion, one book. Letters to various persons, one book.

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1250.

Vincent the Gaul, Burgundian by nation, of the Order of Preachers, called of Beauvais, a man devoted to and practiced in the divine writings, and rich in ancient reading, subtle in intellect, ordered in speech, applied so much zeal to letters that he could never be called away from their cultivation by any labors, vigils, or occupations, since he was always either reading, writing, or preaching. Accordingly he was so great that after himself he necessarily had an equal, if we were to weigh with the others, in an even balance, the arduous little works that he wrote, laboriously collected from many sources. For, at his request and with the king of the Franks supplying the expenses, he brought together with the greatest labors a great and admirable work of Mirrors concerning everything, so to speak, knowable, in many volumes, which he entitled and divided thus:

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Historical Mirror, 32 books. God is a substance in Natural Mirror, 53 books. Since the multitude in the book Moral Mirror, 5 books. In all your things remember Doctrinal Mirror, 4 books. Since the multitude in the book Also On the Grace of God, 40 books. The book of the generation and [unclear] On the Praises of Saint Mary, 7 books. If God with prophetic mouth [unclear] On the Praises of Saint John the Evangelist. Blessed John the evangelist [unclear] On the Education of Boys, 1 book. You have sons; instruct them [unclear] A Consolation on the Dead, 1 book. First, therefore, attend Letters to various persons, 1 book. He also published some other works besides, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished under Frederick, the second emperor, in the year of the Lord 1240.

Alexander of Hales, English by nation, of the Order of Minors, teacher of Cardinal Eustathius, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and second to none in his time in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect and clear in eloquence, when he was a doctor of sacred letters in the Parisian school, entered the order of the poor of Christ so that he might become a true disciple of heavenly philosophy; he wonderfully adorned it by his learning and holiness. At the command of Pope Innocent IV he wrote a distinguished work divided into four volumes, usefully embracing many things, which he entitled:

Summa of Theology, 4 books. Since, as Boethius says. To the reverend in Christ [unclear]. The rest of his works I have not seen.

It is said, however, that he annotated both the Old and the New Testament for the most part, and discussed many matters subtly concerning the concord of divine and human law, and composed various other works, which have not come into our hands.

He flourished under Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240.

John of La Rochelle, of the Order of the Friars Minor, master of sacred theology at Paris, learned in the divine Scriptures and magnificently taught in Aristotelian philosophy, who, together with Alexander of Hales, subscribed himself in the declaration of the Rule of the Minors to the minister general: he published certain excellent little works, by which he transmitted the fame of his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. A Summary of virtues and vices, 1 book. Also On the Soul, 1 book.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He flourished under Frederick, the second emperor, in the year of the Lord 1250.

Henry, archbishop of Embrun and cardinal of the sacrosanct Roman Church, commonly called the Ostian, a man most skilled in both laws, who, on account of the excellence of his talent and learning, was held in esteem by Pope Alexander IV, wrote certain little works, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have seen only the distinguished work known to all, On the Titles of the Decretals, in five books. “Alpha and omega, one in [unclear].” Also a concise Summa, in one book.

The other works that he composed have not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1259.

[Unclear], a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly taught in the disciplines of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, was of excellent industry in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote certain little works not to be despised, of which the following are reported: for at the command of Pope Alexander IV he arranged, in a very useful style, through the cycle of the year, Sermons, in two books; On the Sentences, in four books; Quodlibets, in one book. “It is asked how virtue...”

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1250.

[Unclear], a man exercised by long study in the divine writings and not ignorant of secular letters, outstanding in talent and clear in eloquence, who in his own time, because of his learning and erudition, was of great reputation, wrote at the request of the provost and clerics of the church of Lille, On the Psalter, in one book, and certain letters.

He also published several other works, which have by no means come to our knowledge.

Alexander, called de Villa Dei, of Dol as his native place, of the order, as they say, of the Friars Minor, a man certainly trained in every direction, a grammarian, philosopher, astronomer, and distinguished calculator, wrote not a few little works, both in verse and in prose, by which he transmitted his name to the memory of posterity. Of these I have so far found only the following: a volume written in leonine verse on grammar, whose use today is constant in boys’ schools, [unclear] so useful, because of the weakness of the younger age and the sloth of teachers. He prefaced this same work

On Ecclesiastical Writers

The Doctrinale puerorum, [unclear]. “I prepare to write for little clerics...” On the ecclesiastical computus, one book. “Although now at the end of time...” On the sphere, one book. On the art of numbering, one book.

He is also said to have written many other things, sermons, letters, and various treatises, which have not yet come into our hands.

He flourished with great piety and learning under Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1240.

Eustathius, who is Bonaventura, born at Bagnoregio, minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, and afterwards bishop of Albano, cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, formerly a hearer and disciple of Alexander of Hales, a man most learned in the divine scriptures, nobly instructed in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, distinguished in eloquence, devout and most holy in life and conduct: when his teacher Alexander contemplated his intellect, his natural gift, and the purity of his life, he used to say: “In Brother Bonaventura Adam does not seem to have sinned.” He wrote many profound and most devout little works, in which, bringing forth burning words, he no less kindles the reader’s affection in the love of Christ than he enlightens the intellect with holy teachings. For he easily surpasses all the doctors of his time in the usefulness of his works, if you attend to the spirit of divine love and Christian devotion speaking in him. He is profound, not wordy; subtle, not curious; eloquent, not empty; bringing forth words that are flaming, not puffed up. Hence he is read more safely, understood more easily by one who loves, more sweetly retained the more often he is read, and more fruitfully. Many set forth doctrine; many, though few, preach devotion; by writing books they have taught both. But Bonaventura surpassed many, and few [equaled him], since his doctrine instructs devotion, and devotion instructs doctrine. Therefore, if you wish to be called devout, be attentive to his little works. These are:

On the Sentences, [unclear] books. “The depths of rivers...” Breviloquium, one book. “Tell me, I ask, O man...” Soliloquium, one book. “In the beginning, first...” Itinerary of the Mind into God, one book. “I am fixed with Christ...” The Tree of Life, one book. “Since, my beloved brother...” Exhortation to a Brother, one book. “Every best gift...” On the Reduction of the Arts, The Rule of Those Making [unclear]: a small good, one book. “Behold, I have described it to you...”

The Abbot of Spanheim 121

The Journey of the Mind into Itself, 1 book. A Compendium of the Scriptures, 1 book. On the Instruction of Novices, 1 book. Centiloquy, 4 books. The Quiver, or Spark-Collection, 4 books. On the Poverty of Christ against William, 1 book. On the Five Feasts of the Infancy of Christ, 1 book. On the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, 1 book. On the Excellence of the Eucharist, 1 book. On the Six Wings of the Seraph, 1 book. To Blanche the Duchess, 1 book. A Distinguished Work of Illuminations, 1 book. On the Three Ternaries of Sins, 1 book. On the Seven Degrees of Contemplation, 1 book. On the Progress of Religious, 1 book. On the Ten Commandments, 1 book. Apology for the Poor, 1 book. On the Lord's Prayer, [unclear]. The Legend of Saint Francis, [unclear]. Constitutions of His Order, [unclear]. On Genesis, of 7 visions, [unclear]. On the Gospel of John, [unclear]. On the Gospel of Luke, [unclear]. On Three Questions, [unclear]. On the Sandals of the Apostles, [unclear]. On the Passion of the Lord, [unclear]. Sermons through the Year, [unclear]. Many Letters to Various Persons, [unclear].

He also published some other works besides, which have not come to my knowledge. He died while the empire was vacant, under Pope Gregory X, in the Council of Lyons, in the year of the Lord 1285, in the first indiction, and was buried in the cathedral church of Lyons. At last, on account of his sanctity and miracles, he was canonized in our own days by Pope Sixtus IV, under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1482, in the fifteenth indiction.

Philippus, chancellor of Paris, a man learned in the divine scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, since he was a famous master of sacred letters, presided gloriously for a long time over the theological school at Paris, where by lecturing to his students and preaching to the people he instructed them magnificently. He wrote two or three elegant sermons on each of the psalms, 1 book; a Summa of theology, 1 book.

He also published many other works, which by no means have come to our knowledge.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Albertus, bishop of Regensburg, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a German by nation, a Swabian by homeland, originating from Lauingen, a man very studious and learned in the divine scriptures, and in secular philosophy second to none in his time; subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, devout and most holy in life and conduct. Because of his teaching and learning he was called Magnus. He taught sacred letters and Aristotelian philosophy for many years, first at Paris, later at Cologne, where among others he had Thomas Aquinas as an excellent pupil. Then, having been assumed to the episcopate of the church of Regensburg, after he had governed it for some years, he left it, and out of love for saving study returned to his convent at Cologne, where he continued teaching and writing until the end of his life. He wrote many and almost countless little works, of which the following are reported:

Summa of Theology, 4 books. On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Four Coeval Things, 1 book. On Man, 1 book. On the Good, 1 book. On the Spiritual Life, 1 book. On the Office of the Mass, 1 book. On the Body of Christ, 1 book. On the Same, 32 sermons, 1 book. On the Strong Woman, 5 books. On the Books of Dionysius, 1 book. On Manifold Fear, 1 book. On the Praises of Saint Mary, 1 book. A Defense of the Mendicants, 1 book. On the Birth of Man, 1 book. On the Formation of Man, 1 book. On the Origin of the Soul, 1 book. On the Lord's Prayer, 1 book. On the Art of Preaching, 1 book. On the Restoration of the Fallen, 1 book. On Cleaving to God, 1 book. On the Five Books of Moses, 5 books.

"Wonderful has been made" [unclear]. "Behold, I shall turn aside into" [unclear]. "On the most holy body" [unclear]. "Praises of the church concerning" [unclear]. "Wonderful is the name" [unclear]. "Because more by example than by word" [unclear]. "Bright is she, and never" [unclear], 1 book. [unclear], 1 book. "I have thought something for myself" [unclear]. On

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On Joshua, 1 book. On Judges, 1 book. On Ruth, 1 book. On Kings, 4 books. On Chronicles, 2 books. On Ezra and Nehemiah, [unclear] books. On Tobit, 1 book. On Judith, 1 book. On Esther, 1 book. On Proverbs, 1 book. On Ecclesiastes, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On the Book of Wisdom, 1 book. On Ecclesiasticus, 1 book. On Maccabees, 2 books. On Job, 1 book. On Isaiah, 1 book. On Jeremiah, 1 book. On Ezekiel, 1 book. On Daniel, 1 book. On the twelve Minor Prophets, 12 books. On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. On the Gospel of Mark, 1 book. On the Gospel of Luke, 1 book. On the Epistles of Paul, 14 books. On the Apocalypse, 1 book. Sermons for the season, 1 book. Sermons on the saints, 1 book. On Animals, 26 books. The Paradise of the Soul, 1 book. Prayers on the Sentences, 1 book. Prayers on the Gospels, 1 book. On the Difference between Spirit and Soul, 1 book. On [unclear] and Prophecy, 1 book. Diverse Questions, 1 book. On the Nature of Places, 1 book. On the Causes of the Elements, 1 book. Ecclesiasticus, 49. And 12. Take for yourself a great book Behold, the lion of the tribe has conquered A great, large eagle Since the testimony of truth Come after me; I shall make On mo-

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Motions of Animals, 1 book. On Intellect and the Intelligible, 1 book. On Youth and Old Age, 1 book. On Life and Death, 1 book. On Plants and Vegetables, 1 book. Summa of Philosophy, 1 book. On the Unity of the Intellect, 1 book. Questions against the Averroists, 1 book. On the Unity of Form, 1 book. Moral Philosophy, 1 book. On Monastic Life, 1 book. On Household Management, 1 book. On Politics, 1 book. On Arithmetic, 1 book. On Geometry, 1 book. On Music, 1 book. On Astronomy, 1 book. On the Sphere, 1 book. On the Stars, 1 book. The Mirror of Astronomy, 1 book. On Minerals, 1 book. On the Nature of the Gods, 1 book. On the Secrets of Nature, 1 book. On the Twelve Alphabets, 1 book. On Choosing Teachers, 1 book. On Dreams, 1 book. On Universals, 1 book. On the Categories, 1 book. On the Six Principles, 1 book. On Definitions, 1 book. On Causes, 1 book. On Grammar, 1 book. On Rhetoric, 1 book. On Medicine, 1 book. On Wool-working, 1 book. On Agriculture, 1 book. On Ploughing, 1 book. On Navigation, 1 book. On me[unclear]

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On Metaphysics, 13 books. On Aristotle’s Physics, 8 books. On Heaven and the World, 4 books. On Generation and Corruption, 2 books. On the Science of Meteors, 4 books. On the Soul, 1 book. On Nutriment and the Nourishable, 1 book. On Sleep and Waking, 1 book. Fifteen Questions, 1 book. On Perspective, 1 book. He wrote commentaries on the books of Aristotle, and composed many other works which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished at Paris in the year of the Lord 1257. He died under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280, in the eighth indiction, in the eightieth year of his age, and was buried in the middle of the choir of his convent at Cologne. And after him there arose no man like him, who was so learned, educated, and expert in all letters, sciences, and matters. But as to his being accused of necromancy, this man beloved by God suffers injustice.

Simon of Tournai, priest, learned in the divine Scriptures and subtly instructed in secular philosophy, a very acute dialectician and most skilled in all the liberal arts, having been made master of the theological school, taught for many years in the university of Paris, where he instructed very many hearers. But while he follows Aristotle too much, he is found to have erred in certain matters. He wrote, however, a certain little work of his own talent: On Athanasius, 1 book. Various Questions, 1 book. On the Creed, 1 book. He also published some other works which have not come to my knowledge.

Thomas, of the counts of Aquino, of the Order of Preachers, hearer and disciple of Albert the Great in the convent at Cologne, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, notable in life and conduct, easily obtained primacy among all the doctors of his time. Like another Augustine, he gave himself wholly to the study of Scripture, spending day and night in its love and practice, and wrote so many and such great volumes that among the moderns he has few equals either in number or in usefulness

196 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Sentences, 4 books. “I, Wisdom, have poured out...” A Summa of Theology, 4 books. “Because of Catholic truth...” Against the Gentiles, 4 books. “He will meditate on truth...” Against the Errors of the Greeks, 1 book. “A little book, by the excellence...” Against the Armenians and Saracens, 1 book. “Blessed Peter the apostle...” A Compendium of Theology, 1 book. “The Word of the eternal Father...” On the Precepts of Charity, 1 book. “Three things are necessary for man...” On Faith and the Sacraments, 1 book. “Your ... asks of me...” On the Lord’s Prayer, 1 book. “Our Father”; “Among the other...” On the Ave Maria, 1 book. “Hail Mary”; “In...” On the Apostles’ Creed, 1 book. “I believe”; “The first thing that is...” On One Hundred and Eight Articles, 1 book. “First it must be considered...” On 42 Articles, 1 book. “Reverend in Christ...” On 36 Articles, 1 book. “Having read your letters, in them...” On Six Articles, 1 book. “To his dearest in Christ...” On the Difference between the Divine and the Human Word, 1 book. “For the understanding of this...” On the Nature of the Word, 1 book. “Since concerning the nature of the word...” On Separate Substances, 1 book. “Because concerning the sacred angels...” Against the Averroists on the Intellect, 1 book. “As all men by nature...” Against the Detractors of Religion, 1 book. “Of the Christian religion...” On the Perfection of the Spiritual Life, 1 book. “Since certain men of perfection...” Against the Assailants of the Order, 1 book. “Behold, your enemies...” On the Government of Princes, 1 book. “As I was considering what...” On the Form of Absolution, 1 book. “When the little book had been completed by you...” On the Government of the Jews, 1 book. “To your Excellency...” An Exposition of the First Decretal, 1 book. “Our Savior, the disciple...” An Exposition of the Second Decretal, 1 book. “Therefore we condemn...” On the prophet Isaiah, 1 book. On Jeremiah, 1 book. On his Lamentations, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On the three nocturns of the Psalms, 1 book. On Job according to the letter, 1 book. A continuous commentary on the Gospels, 1 book. “But just as in matters which...” A reading on the Gospels, 1 book. On the Epistles of Paul, 1 book. On the Canonical Epistles, 1 book. On the Sacrament of the Altar, 1 book. “He made a memorial of his wondrous...” On the Humanity of Christ, 1 book. “Christ Jesus came...” On the Love of God and Neighbor, 1 book. “Master, what is the command...” On Divine Conduct, 1 book. “Be perfect, as...” On Blessedness, 1 book. “Blessed are they who dwell in the house...” On Purity of Conscience, 1 book. “Since the foundation and because...” On the Office of the Priest, 1 book. “Because of the priest’s office...” On the Meaning of the Mass, 1 book. “In the power of the holy cross...” On Vices and Virtues, 1 book. “There are four of the virtues...” On the Buying of Revenues, 1 book. “I have received your letters in...” A Summa on Truth, 1 book. “What is truth?” and “The question is concerning power...” On the Power of God, disputed questions, 1 book. “To the illustrious Lady Alheid...” On the Action of the Jews, 1 book. “It has been asked from God...” Quodlibets, 2 books. “From the beginning of the nativity...” On Boethius on the Trinity, 1 book. “Run ahead first in the house...” On the same, On the Hebdomads, [unclear] book. “Your ... has asked of me...” On Strong Things, 1 book. “Because you asked that for you...” On the Judgments of the Stars, 1 book. “According to the faith having been supposed...” On the Eternity of the World, 1 book. “It is asked concerning fate, whether it is...” On Fate, 1 book. “Since there are two things in man...” On the Principle of Individuation, 1 book. “Because a small error in...” On Being and Essence, 1 book. “Since something can be...” On the Principles of Nature, 1 book. “Afterwards concerning the principles...” On Matter and Dimensions, 1 book. “A doubt among many...” On the Mixture of the Elements, 1 book. “Since in certain natural things...” On the Hidden Works of Nature, 1 book. “Because everything that moves...” On the Motion of the Heart, 1 book. “Since every duration...” On Instants, 1 book. “Since there are four opposites...” On the Four Opposites, 1 book. “For having knowledge...” On Demonstration, 1 book. “Because logic is reason...” On Fallacies, 1 book. “Because a modal proposition...” On Modal Propositions, 1 book. “Since all cognition of this...” On the Nature of Accident, 1 book. “Since every nature of a genus...” On the Nature of Genus, 1 book. “As a help to man...” On the Principles of the Soul, 1 book. “As the philosopher wills...” On Time, 1 book. “Since it is holy, honor...” On the Plurality of Forms, 1 book. “Since to know is the cause of a thing...” On the Nature of Syllogisms, 1 book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On sense and intellect, one book. It begins: Concerning consideration...

On the discovery of the middle term, one book. It begins: Since the principle of a syllogism...

On the nature of light, one book. It begins: It must be considered concerning [unclear].

On the nature of place, one book. It begins: For knowing the nature...

On universals, two books. It begins: Concerning universals much...

On intellect and the intelligible, one book. It begins: It must be known that of the nature...

The agreement of his own sayings, one book. It begins: Many shall pass through...

And many sermons, one book.

Against William of Saint-Amour, one book.

At the command of Pope Urban IV he composed the office for the feast of the Body of Christ. He commented on all the books of Aristotle and Porphyry. He also published many other works, both on divine scriptures and on secular philosophy, which have by no means come into our hands.

He died under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1274, in the second indiction. And he was canonized by Pope John XXII.

Thomas of Cantimpre, a Brabanter by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a certain disciple, as they say, of Albert the Great, a devout man, excellently learned both in divine scriptures and in secular letters, ready in talent, scholastic in eloquence, is said to have written certain distinguished volumes, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there is extant a work on mystical bees, which he entitled The Universal Good, one book. It begins: To the reverend in Christ...

On the nature of things, one book.

The life of Saint Christina, one book.

And other works which I have not seen.

He flourished under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270. And there are those who write that he had knowledge of the Greek language and translated the books of Aristotle that are now in use in the schools.

Alfonso, king of Castile and Leon, a philosopher and astronomer most excellent among all men of his time, subtle in talent and distinguished in speech, an outstanding lover and cultivator of letters, after a long vacancy of the Roman Empire, had been elected king of the Romans against Richard, brother of the king of England; and since he was a good and prudent man, when Richard died in the fifteenth year of his election, with a view to peace he voluntarily yielded before Pope Gregory X and freely renounced every right that he had had in his election. He wrote very useful and elegant works:

Abbot of Spanheim

Astronomical tables, one book.

Letters to various persons, one book.

He flourished in the time of the vacant Empire, in the year of the Lord 1270.

[unclear]

Peter, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a Gaul by nation, and provincial prior in France of the same religious order, a man learned in divine scriptures by long study and not ignorant of secular philosophy, acute in talent and ready in speech, was apt in delivering sermons to the people. Hence, for the use of readers, he composed, through the cycle of the year, sermons not to be despised:

Sermons for the season, one book.

Sermons also on the saints, one book.

But he is said also to have written some other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Peter of Tarentaise, of the Order of Preachers, and, after Gregory X, canonically consecrated pope under the name Innocent V, sat in the supreme pontificate for only five months. Certainly he was a man most learned in divine scriptures and nobly instructed in Aristotelian philosophy, who taught theology excellently for many years and acquired great praise for his learning. He wrote many distinguished little works, by which he made his name known both to those then present and to those who would come afterward. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, one book. It begins: Do you know the order...

On all the epistles of Paul, one book. It begins: To inquire into the principles of things...

On the Psalms also, one book.

John of Ascoli, from Ascoli, of the Order of Friars Minor, minister general after Saint Bonaventure, a man learned in divine scriptures and an outstanding declaimer of sermons, was sent to Constantinople by Pope Gregory X. By his exhortations he brought the Greeks back to obedience to the Roman Church, and persuaded them to come with him to the Council of Lyons. He wrote, for the edification of the faithful, works not to be despised:

Sermons for the season, one book.

Sermons on the saints, one book.

Several letters to various persons, one book.

And certain other things.

He flourished while the Empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1170.

Ru

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Rupert of Rusia, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, inasmuch as he taught theology excellently for many years and left after him many distinguished disciples, wrote several excellent little works by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these there is extant, addressed to Haymo the Englishman, minister general of his order, a man likewise most learned, a Declaration, one book.

On the Rule of St. Francis, four books. Also on the Sentences, four books. Various sermons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1270.

Udalric of Argentina, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, formerly a hearer and disciple of Albert the Great, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, composed little works not to be despised in reading, by which he became known to both present and future generations. Of these there are extant: A Summa of Theology, one book.

On the Sentences, four books. Also On the Soul, one book. And many other things.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280.

Haymo, an Englishman by nation, minister general of the order of friars, a man trained by long study in the holy Scriptures, who, having obtained the magisterial chair of the theological faculty, instructed many disciples in it, and who, by order of Pope Alexander IV, corrected and rubricated the Roman Breviary, is reported, among other things, to have written briefly:

On the Sentences, one book. And certain sermons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1279.

Otto, bishop of Freising in Bavaria in Germany, and, as some write, nephew of the emperor Frederick I, a German by nation, whom Pope Pius II, citing him in a certain oration, commends, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not meanly instructed in secular letters, subtle in talent and clear in eloquence, wrote certain little works not contemptible in reading, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Among these there is extant a distinguished work, to be pursued with every praise:

Histories, one book. And other things which I have not seen. He flo[unclear]

Abbot of Spanheim

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1260.

Peter the Spaniard, a Portuguese, bishop of Tusculum and cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, and finally supreme pontiff after Hadrian V, a man very learned in medicine and magnificently instructed in secular philosophy, sat in the pontificate for only eight months. He wrote little works not to be despised by physicians, of which the following are reported:

Thesaurus pauperum, one book. On Problems, one book. Canons of Medicine, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. And certain other things, namely several treatises in dialectic, already long very well known commonly.

He flourished in the pontificate under the name John XXI, in the times of the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1275.

William, a citizen of Piacenza, a learned doctor of the art of medicine and not ignorant of other humane letters, who, hired at a public salary at Verona, maintained a school in that faculty for many years and instructed several excellent disciples, wrote little works not to be despised by professors of this science, by which he made his name known to both present and future generations. Of these there is extant a distinguished volume which he wished to be entitled:

On Universal Medicine, four books. Also On Surgery, one book. Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

William, bishop of Paris, by native land an Auvergnat, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in talent and open in eloquence, and venerable no less in conduct than in knowledge, composed not a few works of his learning, by which, showing himself both a learned and devout master, he rendered the memory of his name immortal. Of these the following are reported: a distinguished volume, entitled:

On the Holy Trinity, one book. On the First Principle, one book. On the Sacraments, one book. I shall add still four [unclear], one book. Summa of Vices, one book. Why God Became Man, one book. In the Order of Divine [unclear], one book. On Good and Evil, one book. Summa of Virtues, one book. On the Profession of Novices, one book. On Faith and Laws, one book. On the Works of Virtues, one book. On Human Souls, one book. [unclear] On the Tri[unclear] On the Universe, one book. 401 On the Gift of Knowledge, one book. 203

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Thirty Remedies for Temptations, 1 book. Against the Plurality of Benefices, 1 book. On the Cloister of the Soul, 1 book. On Divine Rhetoric, 1 book. On Penance, 1 book. On Demons, 1 book. On the Psalter, 1 book. On Ecclesiastes, 1 book. On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, [unclear] books. He also published certain other works which have by no means come to my knowledge. He flourished under Emperor Frederick II, in the year of the Lord 1230.

John Valeis, otherwise Galensis, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, who for a long time taught theology with distinction in the school of Paris, was of such great learning and eloquence that he was called the Tree of Life. He wrote many excellent little works, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. But few of them have come into our hands. For I found a notable volume, which I judge very necessary and useful for preachers of the word of God, which most people call the Communiloquium, because it contains something concerning every estate; but he himself entitled it: Sum of Collations, 7 books. "Since the doctor or preacher ..." On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Ordering of Life, 1 book. "Since in every undertaking ..." Handful of Flowers, 1 book. "Abstinence is good in ..." On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. Various Sermons, 1 book. On Diverse Subjects, 1 book. Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

And note that this book of John is called the Handful of Flowers, whose prologue begins, "Poor little Ruth"; he began it, but, prevented by death, did not finish it, but Brother Thomas of Ireland afterwards completed the same work. The book itself begins thus, according to alphabetical order: "Abstinence is good in food to receive with thanksgiving," etc. He flourished in the times of Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

William Durandus, bishop of Mende, once a hearer and disciple of Henry of Ostia, whom they call the Speculator, a most pious doctor in law and very zealous for ecclesiastical observance, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, wrote to Ottobono, cardinal of St. Hadrian, afterwards supreme pontiff, Hadrian V, an outstanding work divided into three volumes, which he entitled: Mirror of Law, 3 books. "Reverend in Christ ..." Rationale of Divine Offices, 8 books. "Whatever things in the ecclesiastical ..." Repertory of Law, 1 book. "By the rust of the first-formed man ..." And certain other works. He flourished under Emperor Rudolf, and completed his work the Rationale of Divine Offices, as he himself testifies, in the year of the Lord 1286.

James of Belusio, a very distinguished doctor of both laws and a careful interpreter, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, profound in counsel and knowledge, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, is said to have written certain excellent little works in law, by which he transmitted his name to the memory of posterity; of these I have not yet been able to see any. His works are said to be: On the Authentics, 1 book. On the View of Fiefs, 1 book. Additions on the Novels, 1 book. And many other works. And various disputations. He flourished under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

William of Lyons, of the Order of Friars Preachers, as they say, bishop of the same church, a man much learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, of sweet intellect and subtle speech, not over-curious, yet orderly, was quite outstanding in delivering sermons to the people. He is said to have written certain little works, by which he magnificently instructed both those then present and those who would come afterwards; of these they report: On the Sentences, 4 books. Sum of Virtues, 5 books. "Since concerning individual useful things ..." Sum of Vices, 8 books. "About to speak of individual vices ..." Sermons to the People, 1 book. He is said to have written many other works also, which have not come to my knowledge.

William of Ware, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, teacher of John Scotus of the same order, a man sufficiently learned in the divine Scriptures and, through long study, very skilled in Aristotelian philosophy, in the manner of modern theologians, wrote certain works of his intellect not to be despised, by which he made himself known to posterity. Of these there are extant: On the Sentences, 1 book. "Since, according to the testimony of Blessed Augustine ..." Concerning the rest I have seen nothing.

204 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished in the times of the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

Gerard, a monk of the monastery of St Quentin in the Isle, a man devoted to the Holy Scriptures and skilled through continual exercise, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, ready in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain little works not to be despised in reading, by which he made his name known to those present and those to come. Among these is said to be a history of the translation of the crown and of part of the Lord's cross, which relics Louis, king of France, obtained from the emperor of Constantinople and transferred to Paris. He also wrote concerning blessed Elizabeth the Landgravine:

Miracles after her death, four books. Responsories and chants concerning the same, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280. And in both kinds of literature he composed various little works.

William Lamarensis, of the order of Friars Minor, a man learned in the divine Scriptures by long use and exercise, and also, according to the custom of that time, sufficiently skilled in secular philosophy, distinguished in intellect, scholastic in speech, composed various little works on the Scriptures, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. Correctory of the works of Thomas, one book. Additions on Bonaventure, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1289.

Richard, archbishop of Reims in Gaul, of the order of Friars Minor, excellently learned in the Holy Scriptures, inferior to none of the doctors of his time in delivering sermons to the people, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, is said to have written many excellent volumes, by which he rendered himself useful to those then present and known to those to come; but I do not recall that any of them has come into our hands. The following are reported as his:

Sermons for the season, one book. Also sermons on the saints, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

William of Samuco, of the order of the Friars of Blessed Mary Ever-[unclear]

The Abbot of Sponheim

[unclear] learned in the Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, distinguished in intellect and eloquence, venerable no less in manner of life than in learning, published several little works of great usefulness, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these the following are reported: a certain little work not useless to spiritual persons, which he entitled:

Decretals of religious, one book. On the Sentences, one book. On the rule of his order, one book. Chronicle of his order, one book. And many other things.

He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280.

Aegidius of Rome, of the order of the Hermit Friars of St Augustine, prior general and afterward archbishop of Bourges, formerly a hearer of blessed Thomas Aquinas, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, second to none in his time in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, devout in life and conduct, wrote almost innumerable little works, of which few have come into our hands. The following are reported as his:

[unclear], two books. On the Hexaemeron, “Let your voice sound in my ears,” one book. On the epistles of Paul, four books. “For it is the brightness of light,” one book. “From the most sacred royal [unclear],” one book. “Questions proposed,” one book. [unclear], one book. Exposition of the first decretal, Firmiter credimus, one book. On the government of princes, one book. Many quodlibets, one book. [unclear], one book. On the office of the Mass, one book. On the possible intellect, one book. Praises of divine wisdom, one book. On divine wisdom in the blessed, one book. On the subject of theology, one book. On good fortune, one book. On the body of Christ, one book. On the measure of angels, “Because among the other things which,” one book. “That concerning the measure of angels,” one book. On the knowledge of angels. The question: “Whether angels,” one book. [unclear], one book. Distinction of the articles of faith, one book. On the degrees of forms, one book. “It has been asked concerning God.” [unclear] On pre-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On predestination, one book. “To the noble knight, lord ...” The Theory of Being and Essence, one book. “Every being either is ...” On the Soul, as the Philosopher attests ... On generation and corruption, one book. “I am dust ...” In which are set forth ... On original sin, one book. “Of theological truth ...” On the formation of the human body, one book. “It will not please him when ...” On ecclesiastical power, five books. “Why have you disparaged ...” [unclear] [unclear], one book. And not a few other works. A Compendium of Theology, six books. On the Renunciation of the Pope, one book. Against the Corrupter of Thomas, one book. Various Sermons, two books. On all the books of Aristotle. Notable Letters. He flourished under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280.

[unclear], chaplain of the pontiff, as they say, a man nobly learned in canon law and secular philosophy, excellent in talent and distinguished in eloquence, who in his own time was considered not least among the doctors of this faculty, wrote some little works not to be despised in their reading, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there is extant a notable Summa, sufficiently widely circulated:

On the Titles of the Decretals, five books. “The diversity of glosses in ...” Various Questions, one book. Other works which he is said to have composed have by no means come to our knowledge.

Guido de Baysio, archdeacon of Bologna, a man most skilled in both laws, acute in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, whose authority among the professors of this science has endured greatly down to the present day, wrote many distinguished volumes, by which, so to speak, he rendered the memory of his name immortal. Of these only a few have so far come to my knowledge. For I have found only the following: a very large and highly notable volume, which he entitled Rosarium:

On the Decree, three books. “Reverend in Christ ...” On the Decretals, five books. He flourished under Emperor Adolf, in the year of the Lord 1290.

Thaddaeus, a Florentine by nation, a most skilled doctor of the medical art, who taught that science excellently at Bologna for certain years, hired at a public salary, gathered an almost incredible treasure and acquired a great reputation for his experience. For when he was called by some prince, he wished to have no less than fifty gold coins as his daily wage. Once called by Pope Honorius IV, he refused to come until one hundred gold coins per day were appointed for him; when the pope had been cured of a most serious illness, he bestowed ten thousand gold coins on him. He wrote:

On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, one book. On the Prognostics of the same, one book. On the Work on Acute Diseases of the same, one book. On Galen’s Techne, one book. On the Isagoge of Johannitius, one book. On Preserving Health, one book. Various Counsels, one book. And certain other works. He flourished under Emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280. And at last, an octogenarian, he died at Bologna.

John of Parma, born from the territories of Bologna, minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, a man learned in the divine scriptures, devout in life and conduct, and an outstanding lover of holy poverty, who from the Parisian school, where he had lectured on the Sentences, was elected general in his absence, is said to have written many and various treatises, by which his name has come down to our memory. Of these I have found only:

On the Sentences, four books. On the Conduct of Religious, two books. He flourished while the Empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1260.

John Christophori, of the Order of Friars Preachers, exercised in the scriptures by long and continual study and nobly learned in secular philosophy, ready in talent and scholastic in speech, is said to have fashioned many little works on the holy scriptures; their publication made him, useful to those then present, known to those to come. For over a long time he expounded the divine writings publicly by lecturing and explained them with subtle understanding. From his commentaries the following volumes are reported, namely:

On the Gospel of Matthew, one book. On Mark, one book. On Luke, one book. On John, one book. On all the Epistles of Paul, fourteen books. And many other works.

208 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He flourished while the empire was vacant, in the year of the Lord 1260.

Hambaldus, a Roman by nationality, professor of sacred theology and an outstanding interpreter of the Scriptures, subtle and forceful in intellect, and quite capable in disputing and solving their difficult questions, is said to have written certain excellent little works for the instruction of his disciples, by which he made his name known. Among these there are extant: On the Sentences, one book. Quodlibets, one book.

He flourished under Emperor Rudolph, in the year of the Lord 1270.

Henry of Ghent, archdeacon of Tournai, German by nationality, a man among all the doctors of his time most learned in the divine Scriptures, and very subtle in Aristotelian philosophy, was of such reputation and authority in the University of Paris that he was called the Solemn Doctor throughout the whole Christian world. For he was subtle in intellect and most acute in scholastic disputations, as his excellent works testify. Of these I have found only the following at present:

Summa of Theology, one book. On the Sentences, two books. To the Sacred Virgins, beginning “Concerning virginity,” one book. On Penance, one book. On the Metaphysics, three books. On the books of the Physics, five books. On Metaphysics, four books. He indeed composed many other things, but they have not come to my knowledge.

He died under Emperor Adolf, in the year of the Lord 1293, in the sixth indiction, on the feast of the apostles Peter and Paul, and was buried at Tournai in the church of Saint Mary, Mother of God.

Hugolinus, patriarch of Constantinople, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man trained by long study in the divine writings and sufficiently learned, subtle in intellect, almost scholastic, noteworthy in character and life, is said to have written certain excellent little works, of not contemptible reading, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following, among others, are reckoned the better ones:

On the Sentences, three books. Quodlibets, six books. On the Difference of Idioms, one book. Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book.

He flourished under Emperor Adolf, in the year of the Lord 1290.

Arlotus, minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, Tuscan by nationality, a man excellently learned in the divine writings and sufficiently instructed in secular philosophy, a subtle dialectician and a most acute disputant, who won great praise for his learning by writing variously, was of excellent talent in declaiming sermons to the people. He is said to have assembled the Concordances of the New and Old Testament into one volume, one book. Various Sermons, one book.

And certain other things. He flourished in the times of Emperor Adolf, in the year 1290.

The Abbot of Sponheim

James, bishop of Genoa, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man trained in the divine Scriptures, who because of his frequent citations of them was called Vorago, quick in intellect and clear in speech, was quite capable in declaiming sermons to the people. He wrote not a few little works for the use of readers, by which he made his name known. Of these a few have come to my knowledge, which I have also set down below: A volume of great size on the life and deeds of many saints, which he entitled the Golden Legend or Mirror of Saints, but which is now commonly called the Legend or

Lombardic History, one book. The whole present time [unclear]. “As I consider, the days [unclear].” On Saint Mary, one book.

Chronicle of the Genoese, one book.

On the Little Works of Saint Augustine, one book. “Sacred Scripture [unclear].” Sermons on the Season, one book.

“Following his footsteps [unclear] outstanding, in intellect [unclear] as I consider, the days [unclear].” Sermons on the Saints, one book.

An excellent preacher of the Word, distinguished in intellect and clear [unclear], he taught the people in truth, and, with the Holy Spirit working together, he brought the hearts of many to the love of Christ. He wrote sermons not to be despised, which he delivered to the people:

Sermons on the Season, one book.

He is also said to have written a number of other things, which have not come into our hands.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Conrad of Halberstadt, German by nationality, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man nobly learned both in divine Scriptures and in secular letters, a philosopher and theologian not worthless, since by lecturing publicly in that faculty he taught many and acquired great praise for his learning, wrote certain things in both

On Ecclesiastical Writers

... not to be despised in learning, by which he brought his name down to the memory of posterity. But few of them have become known to me. For I have found only:

A Summa for Students, 3 books. “This little work into three ...” Also On the Trivium, 1 book. “In three [unclear] ...” A Lecture on Job, 1 book. “Until the time [unclear] ...” Also Sermons, 1 book.

He is also said to have written commentaries on several books of the Bible, which, however, have not yet come into our hands. He is also said to have been the first to arrange concordances of the whole Bible of the New and Old Testament.

Richard of Middleton, English by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and excellently instructed both in philosophy and in canon law, distinguished in talent, scholastic in speech, subtle and ready in resolving questions and doubts concerning the Scriptures, is said to have written many very distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Of these I have found only the following:

On the Sentences, 4 books. “He brought forth hidden things ...” On the distinctions of the Decretum, 1 book. “All our fathers under ...” On the Order of Judgments, 1 book. On the Epistles of Paul, 4 books.

It is said, moreover, that he issued elegant commentaries and lectures on several books of sacred Scripture, but they have not come into our hands. He flourished in the times of the emperor Adolf and Pope Nicholas IV, in the year of the Lord 1290.

Nicholas of Bibra, German by nation, a man nobly learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher and distinguished poet, who at Erfurt in his time was held in esteem, acquired great glory for his learning and wrote not a few little works both in meter and in prose, by which he also made his name known to posterity. Of these I have seen only a work whose title is hidden, which he composed at Erfurt in verse and in prose:

On Avoiding Evil, 1 book. “Hearer of the poem ...” Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He flourished at Erfurt under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1290.

John of Paris, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a theologian most learned in the holy Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, since, indeed, having ascended the magisterial chair in both branches of learning in the university of Paris, he taught publicly for a long time and left not a few disciples, is said to have written certain distinguished little works, by which he made himself useful to those then present and afterwards known to those to come. Of these I have found only a work not to be despised:

On the Sentences, 4 books.

Of the rest I have found nothing. He flourished under the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1280.

Abbot of Spanheim

Nicholas the Frenchman, of the Order of the Friars of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, seventh prior general, a learned and holy man, who, after he had ruled his order vigorously for almost twenty years, as far as he was able, yielded his office for love of Christ and returned to the quiet of the hermitage, where he persevered in holy conduct until death, wrote, among other things, a mournful work lamenting the state of his order, when the brothers had been expelled from the Holy Land, which he entitled:

The Fiery Arrow, 1 book.

He wrote other things also. He flourished in the times of the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1270.

Matthew of Aquasparta, otherwise Aquasputa, of the Order of Friars Minor, twelfth minister general, and afterwards bishop of Porto and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, a man most learned in these divine Scriptures and, according to the custom of this time, magnificently instructed in secular philosophy, composed certain distinguished little works of excellent talent, by which he made his name known far and wide. Of these the following are extant:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Inventory of Sentences, 1 book. On the Epistle to the Romans, 1 book. Several Sermons, 1 book.

And certain other things. He flourished in the times of the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1390.

William Peraldus, French by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and also sufficiently excellently instructed in secular letters, especially in Aristotelian philosophy, ready in talent, scholastic in speech, was of excellent industry in delivering sermons to the people. He issued, in both faculties, several instructive volumes, by which he made his name known not only to those then present, but also to those to come. Of these there are extant:

Summa of Virtues and Vices, 2 books. On the Instruction of Religious, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book.

And very many other things, which have not yet come to my knowledge.

218 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Garcias, Spanish by nation, a man most practiced in both laws, subtle in intellect, ready and cautious in counsel, acute in resolving questions of cases, held in esteem among the professors of this faculty in his time, extended his name by teaching and writing. For he is said to have written several small works both in the laws and in canon law, which have not come into our hands. There are extant by him:

On the Decretals, five books.

And several works in the laws.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Rudolf, in the year of the Lord 1290.

[Nicolaus?] IV, pope, of the order of the Friars Minor, [Hieronymus?] [unclear], sat after Honorius IV in the chair of Peter for four years: a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, not meanly instructed in secular letters, subtle in intellect, distinguished in eloquence, and venerable no less for goodness of life than for learning. He wrote a sufficiently excellent work:

On the Sentences, four books.

And certain sermons.

He is also said to have published useful commentaries on several books of the Bible. He died at Rome, the empire being vacant after Rudolf’s death, in the year of the Lord 1291, in the fourth indiction.

Boniface VIII, pope, Campanian by nation, previously called Benedict, sat after the renunciation of Celestine V in the chair of Peter for eight years and nine months; a man indeed learned, but excessively arrogant and ambitious. By what means he acquired the pontificate, the chronographers have not passed over in silence. Since he was very skilled in law and saw that new varieties of cases were daily arising in the contentious forum which could not be determined through the Decretals, he composed, through three men most learned in law, new constitutions, which he wished to be called:

The Sixth of the Decretals of the Most Holy Roman [Church], one book.

Letters, several, to various persons, one book.

He died under the emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1305, indiction 1. Concerning him it had previously been prophesied: “He entered like a fox, lived like a lion, died like a dog.”

Guilhelmus Mandagoti, archdeacon of Nimes, afterward archbishop of Embrun, and of the most holy church

The Abbot of Spanheim.

... finally cardinal of the Roman Church, a man highly skilled in both laws, one of those who, by order of Pope Boniface VIII, issued the Sixth Book of the Decretals, as is clear at the beginning of that same volume. In that faculty he wrote works not to be despised, by which he preserved his name for immortality. Of these I have seen only the notable work which he wrote while he still held the office of archdeacon in the church of Nîmes, to Berengarius, succentor of the church of Béziers and afterwards bishop:

On the election of prelates, book 1. “Because while elections in ...” Exposition of the same, book 1. “Since I am not the author of that ...”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Berengarius, succentor of the church of Béziers and afterwards bishop, and at last cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, to whom the aforesaid Guilhelmus Mandagoti, while both were still established in minor orders, composed the book On the Elections of Prelates, another of those who, at the command of Boniface VIII, compiled the Sixth Book of the Decretals, a man very learned in the same legal faculty, while he was still succentor, wrote to that same Guilhelmus, then archdeacon of Nîmes, a notable work on the Summa of Hostiensis according to alphabetical order; since it is, as it were, a clarifying glossary of that same Summa, he entitled it:

The Eye, book 1. On the sentence of excommunication, book 1.

He is also said to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1309.

Richardus de Senis, vice-chancellor of the Roman Church, and afterwards [unclear], in the praise of all [unclear] very celebrated in his time, the third of those who compiled the Sixth Book of the Decretals by order of Pope Boniface VIII, whose name is expressly contained at the beginning of that same volume, is reported to have written several works in law; but I do not remember that any of them have come into our hands. Let the studious reader inquire after them.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Dinus Mugelanus, professor of both laws and a notable expounder, subtle in intellect, and very ready and acute in disputing and resolving doubtful matters and questions of law, who by teaching and writing acquired great glory for himself among all the doctors of Italy, published many distinguished works in his faculty, among which the following are reported. By command of Lord Pope Boniface VIII he was the first after the archdeacon to write elegantly:

On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, book 1. On the Code, 10 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. Many Consilia, book 1.

Besides these he also published not a few other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

He also wrote On Interest; On Prescriptions; On Successions from Intestacy; On the Method of Arguing; Contrary Glosses and their Agreements.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Johannes Duns, a Scot by birth, of the Order of Friars Minor, once a hearer of Alexander of Hales the Englishman at Paris, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and very learned in Aristotelian philosophy, and so profound that his writings are penetrable [unclear], and for that reason also less commonly used, published certain instructive volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, 4 books. “Desiring ... Around the prologue ...” Quodlibets, book 1. “All difficult matters ...” On the Knowledge of God, book 1. “Because the highest ... for us ...” Questions on the Metaphysics, book 1. Sermons on the season, book 1. “There shall be signs,” etc. “In this ...” Sermons on the saints, book 1.

He is said to have written commentaries on the Gospel and the Apostle, and to have composed various other treatises, which have not come to my knowledge.

He died in the time of Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1398, in the sixth indiction, and was buried at Cologne among the Friars Minor.

Simon, monk of Hasnon [unclear], of the Order of Saint Benedict, a man most devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, so put into practice the counsel of our divine lawgiver Benedict, by which the monk is commanded to love the divine Scriptures, that nothing in this life was sweeter to him than to read the sacred writings and to turn over with diligent study the works of the holy fathers. He abridged:

The Moralia of Pope Gregory, 10 books. On the Song of Songs he wrote sermons, book 1. The vision of a certain convert, book 1. Several sermons, book 1.

Epi...

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Also letters to various persons, 1 book. And many other things.

He also collected excerpts from the sermons of blessed Pope Gregory on Ezekiel; also from the Conferences of the holy fathers, from Richard of Saint Victor’s On the Contemplation of the Twelve Patriarchs, and various worthwhile things from various authors.

Peter de Bella Parthica, otherwise Pertica, a Burgundian by nation, a man most skilled in both civil and canon law, subtle and acute in intellect, and very ready in disputing and resolving doubtful questions of law, wrote many excellent volumes on the laws, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Of these, the following are reported:

On the Code, 9 books. On the Institutes, 4 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. One Hundred Disputations, 1 book. Several Opinions. And certain other things.

He flourished at the same time as Dinus Mugelanus, under Emperor Albert and Pope Boniface VIII, in the year of the Lord 1300.

[Rainerus?] of Pisa, otherwise Rainerius, an Italian by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man studious and learned in the holy Scriptures, and sufficiently skilled in canon law, quick in intellect, scholastic in speech, cautious in counsel, venerable no less for religion than for learning, in order to provide a path in hearing confessions for his brothers who were less experienced in law, wrote a great and distinguished Summa on cases, in two large volumes according to alphabetical order, which he entitled:

Pantheologia, 2 books. 'Absolution. Concerning abso[unclear]' And certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Gerard, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a German by nation, lector of the convent of Liege, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, an outstanding declaimer in making sermons to the people, distinguished in intellect and adorned with scholastic eloquence, wrote a very useful treatise for devout religious persons, teaching the seven dispositions to be made concerning the heart, and sagaciously gathering from the divine Scriptures on every side many things pertaining to edification, which he entitled:

On the Teaching of the Heart, 1 book. 'Prepare your hearts.' Sermons for the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book.

In addition he published certain other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

James de Arena, a native of Parma, a very celebrated jurist in both laws, profound in intellect, scholastic in speech, whose opinions in explaining the laws, as Bartolus testifies, were so proper and fitting that [unclear] concerning civil understanding many excellent little works, by which he transmitted his name to the perpetual memory of posterity:

On the Code, 9 books. On the New Digest, 24 books. On the Old Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On Excuses, 1 book. Various Disputations, 1 book.

But he also published several other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

John of San Gimignano, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man studious and especially learned in the divine Scriptures, distinguished in intellect and clear in speech, of excellent industry in declaiming sermons to the people, acquired great praise and fruit of doctrine in the salvation of souls. He wrote, among other things:

On the Similitudes of Things, 1 book. Sermons for the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. Various Conferences, 1 book.

In addition he is said to have written certain other things, which have not come to me.

Peter of Dacia, a philosopher, calculator, and astronomer, the most excellent and celebrated among all men of his time, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures and of the Greek language, is said to have written many little works in astronomy and the art of calculation, which are judged not useless for ecclesiastical computation, by which he destined his name for the knowledge of posterity. But few of them have come to my knowledge.

On Calculation or Computation, 1 book. Also a Calendar, 1 book. And of his tables, 1 book.

The rest, although there are many things that he composed, have nevertheless not come to me.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Nicholas of Naples, a man skilled and very learned in civil law, nobly instructed also in other secular letters, whose authority among the professors of this faculty flourished in no small measure in his time, wrote several little works on the laws, of which

The Abbot of Sponheim.

By the publication of books he entrusted his name to immortality. But I have been able to find only the titles of the following:

On the Code, 9 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books.

Of the other things which he is said to have composed, I have so far been able to find nothing certain. He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Hubertinus of Casale, of the Order of Friars Minor, formerly a hearer of Johannes of Parma, minister general, a devout man, sufficiently learned in the holy Scriptures, when he saw that his order was falling away from its first institution, began certain new separations under the appearance of reform, and obtained that they be confirmed by the supreme pontiff. Yet at the petitions of the custodians and ministers they were immediately revoked by the same pope, because they appeared to have been undertaken to the grave scandal and division of the order. Therefore Hubertinus, moved by this, entered the Order of the Carthusians. He wrote a very distinguished and notable volume, useful to religious and devout persons, which he entitled:

The Tree of the Life of the Crucified, 5 books. Sermons; Letters. To all true [servants?] of Christ. And certain other things.

Certain Catholic doctors warn us that Hubertinus, in the aforesaid volume, in certain places, especially where he takes up the Canticle of Simeon, must be read cautiously, because on certain articles he thinks otherwise than the Church, mother of us all. Yet the author himself is to be excused, because it had not yet been determined. He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Jacobus of Ravenna, born in the province of Lorraine, a man most learned in civil law and the sacred canons, and easily the most skilled of all in his time both in divine Scriptures and in secular letters, professor of sacred Scripture, a distinguished philosopher and dialectician, who, as Cinus says, converted what had been handed down by the elders in a simple sense into the dialectical mode of arguing. He wrote many small works in both laws, of which the following are reported:

On the Code, 9 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. Various Disputations, 1 book.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Alanus de Insulis, German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and in secular letters second to none in his time, a very celebrated theologian, philosopher, and poet, who for a long time gloriously presided over the ecclesiastical school at Paris, where, shining brightly in every divine and human science, he deserved to be called Universal, wrote in verse and prose almost innumerable little works, by which the memory of his name was made immortal among posterity. But few of them have come to my knowledge. For I have found only the following under their titles:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Quodlibets also, 1 book. The Eye of Sacred Scripture, 1 book. On Doctrine also, 5 books. On the Five Books of Moses, 5 books. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On Penance, to the father of Bourges, 1 book. On Mystical Equivocal Terms, 1 book. On the Six Wings of the Cherubim, 1 book. On the Complaint of Nature, 1 book. A Summa of Virtues and Vices, 1 book. On Parables, 1 book. On the Art of Preaching, 1 book. Anticlaudianus, 1 book. On the Natures of Animals, 1 book. Several Sermons, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

To the most reverend father and... Every science rests upon its own rules. Since many, for the adorning... By the grace of God, to the father of Bourges [unclear] From Phoebus, Phoebe [unclear]

And he wrote some dialogues.

Finally, he is said to have produced notable commentaries and lectures on many books of the Bible, especially on the prophets, on the Gospel, and on the Apostle; concerning these I have so far been able to find nothing. Certain marvelous things are told about him, to which I neither lend credence nor rashly deny it. He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Guilhelmus, a monk of the monastery of Hafligemen[unclear], of the Order of Saint Benedict, German by nation, and for some time prior in the same monastery, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and learned by long practice, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, strong in verse and prose, published in both kinds of writing certain little works not to be scorned, by which he [perpetuated?] the memory of his name; among these are

Abbot of Spanheim.

Non-useless sermons, one book. Visions of a certain nun, one book. On the life of Saint Lutgardis, one book. But other things which he composed have not yet come at all to my knowledge.

Franciscus Accursius, Italian by nation, Florentine by homeland, son of the most learned man Accursius, himself a man excellently learned in civil law and much instructed in the other disciplines of secular philosophy, whose works survive with great authority among the professors of this faculty, made his own times illustrious by teaching and writing, and gave his name to immortality. Of his little works I have as yet been able to see nothing. Various works of his are reported:

Disputations also, one book. And many other things.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Martinus de Fano, a professor and interpreter of both laws, most celebrated among all in his own time, the teacher of Johannes Andreae of Bologna, subtle in intellect, renowned in eloquence, and most acute in pleading legal cases, wrote distinguished volumes in his faculty, by which he also made his name known to posterity. Of these I have found only:

On actions, one book. “I indeed, Martinus...” On judgment and cause, one book. “Since very many principal...”

Of the others I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Albertus Patavinus, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, once a hearer and disciple of Aegidius Romanus, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people, and by his preaching converted many from iniquity to the path of justice. He wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he made himself useful to those then present and memorable to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On Genesis, one book. On Exodus, one book. On Leviticus, one book. On Numbers, one book. On Deuteronomy, one book. On the Gospel, one book. On the Epistles of Paul, one book. Sermons for the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. Sermons throughout Lent, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Dinus de Garbo, Florentine by homeland, a most skilled doctor of the art of medicine, and nobly instructed in the institutions of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect and renowned in eloquence, published in his faculty little works not to be despised by students, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these are reported:

Commentaries on Galen. On the malice of varied complexion, one book. On Hippocrates, On the nature of the fetus, one book. A book of various questions, one book. On Avicenna also, one book. Various things also in philosophy. And certain other things.

His father Brunus was a physician most skilled in the art of surgery; he entrusted this Dinus to the Florentine physician Thadaeus to be instructed in that science.

He flourished under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1300.

Guilielmus de Cumo, French by nation, a most learned interpreter of civil law, subtle in intellect and renowned in eloquence, who in that faculty had few more learned than himself in his own time, magnificently adorned the school of Orleans by teaching and writing. He published little works not to be scorned by professors of the laws, by which he made his name known to posterity:

On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the Code also, 9 books. And various other things.

He flourished under Emperor Henry VII, in the year of the Lord 1310.

Jacobus de Viterbio, archbishop of Naples, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular literature, subtle in intellect, renowned in eloquence, and no less venerable in conduct than in knowledge, wrote little works not to be despised for the edification of readers, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity with glory. I have as yet deserved to see none of these. But the following work of his addressed to Pope Clement V is reported:

On the government of Christians, one book. On the Sentences, 4 books. Quodlibets also, one book. And some other things.

He flourished in the times of Henry of Luxembourg, the seventh emperor, and of Pope Clement V, in the year of the Lord 1316.

Abbot of Spanheim.

Henry of Brussels, a monk of the monastery of Affligem of the order of the blessed father Benedict, a man devoted to divine Scripture and skilled through continual practice, an excellent philosopher and computist, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote several commendable little works, by which in his own time he became known far and wide. Of these there are reported:

On the Method of Computation, one book. A Calendar on Incensions, one book.

And certain other works, which have not yet at all come to my knowledge.

Alexander of Alexandria, the sixteenth minister general of the order of friars, a man most learned in the divine writings, and second to none in his own time in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, profound in sense and understanding, composed certain little works in each science, by which, exercising his talent, he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. Various Questions, one book.

On Aristotle's Metaphysics, twelve books. On the books On the Soul, three books.

He also commented on other books of Aristotle and wrote various works. He flourished under the emperor Henry VII, in the year of the Lord 1310.

Eckard, a German by nation, of the order, as some will have it, of Preachers, a man learned in the divine writings and, in Aristotelian philosophy, the most learned of all in his time, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence; but, while pursuing philosophy too much, he everywhere curiously mixed in novelty of terms contrary to the custom of theologians and introduced various errors, among which there survive seventeen articles condemned by the supreme pontiff and revoked at the end of his life by the same master Eckard. Many of these are contained in his exposition on the Gospel of John. Finally, the masters of the theological faculty of the school of Heidelberg, in the year of the Lord 1430, publicly declared the same errors, with certain others, condemned. Eleven articles, however, were left as suspect, all of which were customarily appended separately to his little works as a precaution. Nevertheless, where he wrote in Catholic fashion, he gave quite profound and useful teachings. Among his books I have found:

On the Sentences, one book.

On Genesis, one book.

On Exodus, one book.

On the book of Wisdom, one book.

On the Song of Songs, one book.

The beginning of this writing: These are the names, etc.; because Love, etc.; The judge always [unclear] ij In

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Gospel of John, one book. In the beginning, etc. [unclear]

On the Lord's Prayer, one book. Our Father. Before Sunday

A sermon in the chapter of the Preachers, one book. I as a fruitful vine

Of his Positions, one book. Blessed be God the Father

Sermons for the season, one book. The God of peace and love

Sermons on the saints, one book.

He flourished in his time especially in Austria, where he was held most famous in teaching and preaching; he wrote many other volumes.

Richard Malumbra, a native of Cremona, formerly a hearer and disciple of Jacobus de Arena, a man not moderately learned in imperial law, sufficiently instructed in secular philosophy, who for many years publicly taught the laws in the school of Bologna, where he acquired no small praise for his learning. Although he was the most learned of all the doctors of his time, nevertheless he is read to have been condemned of heresy. He wrote many volumes in explanation of civil law:

On the Code, nine books. On the Institutes, four books.

On the Digest, fifty books. Various Questions, one book.

And many other works.

He flourished under the emperor Henry VII, in the year of the Lord 1310.

Lampertinus de Ramponibus, a man most learned in both laws and nobly educated in the other arts of humanity, distinguished in intellect and eloquence, and notable for the practice of many virtues, wrote in that faculty many splendid volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity with great praise. Of these there are reported:

On the Code, nine books. On the Old Digest, twenty-four books.

On the New Digest, twelve books. On the Infortiatum, fourteen books.

And certain other works.

He flourished under Henry VII, in the year of the Lord 1310.

William of Montlaudun, as they report, abbot of the monastery of Poitiers, of the order of the blessed father Benedict, a man excellently learned in divine Scripture, not ignorant of secular letters, especially Aristotelian philosophy and pontifical law, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, published several little works of great authority, by which he made known to posterity the memory of his name. Of these the principal are reported:

On the Sacraments, one book. A Summa on Cases, one book. On

Abbot of Spanheim.

Various Declarations. Moreover he published many other small works, especially in law, and arranged various glosses on the canons, about which I have nowhere been able to find anything.

Vido, priest of the church of Ferrara and afterwards, as they say, bishop, a man trained by long study in the divine Scriptures, rich in reading of the ancients, and nobly learned in secular letters, an eminent philosopher and poet, wrote several small works, both in verse and in prose, not to be despised in reading, by which he made his name known. Of these I have found only a volume written in verse to Pope Clement V, on the New and Old Testament, imitating Peter of Riga, which he entitled The Pearl of the Bible, one book. Its noble beginning [unclear]. I have seen nothing of the others.

He flourished in the times of Henry of Luxembourg, the seventh emperor, and Pope Clement V, in the year of the Lord 1310.

Peter of Saxony, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, learned in the holy Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, and nobly learned in canon law, distinguished in intellect, scholastic in speech, an excellent preacher of the divine word, wrote certain excellent volumes of his own ability, which in his time were held in esteem. Of these there is extant a work useful for confessors: A Summa of Cases, one book; Sermons on the Season, one book; Sermons on the Saints, one book. The rest that he is said to have composed have not come to my knowledge.

Crufianus, an Italian by nation, a Florentine by homeland, once a hearer and disciple of the physician Thadaeus, a man learned and instructed in philosophy and medicine, but by no means fortunate, and for that reason bidding farewell to the world and entering the Carthusian order, usefully exchanged the art of the flesh for the medicine of the spirit. He had previously written some small works in his own faculty, by which he made his name known. Of these there is extant a commentary On the Techne of Galen, one book, and certain others.

He flourished in the Carthusian order in the time of Albert, Roman emperor, in the year of the Lord 1300. And afterwards he is said to have written various treatises pertaining to spiritual edification.

Peter of Verberia, called Aureoli, of the Order of Friars Minor and archbishop of Aix, doctor of the Parisian school, very learned in the divine Scriptures and very skilled in Aristotelian philosophy according to the custom of this time, was subtle in intellect, an acute disputant, and excellent in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote many excellent small works, by which he magnificently spread his name. Of these there are extant On the Sentences, four books; [unclear], Come, let us go up, one book; The abysses were not yet, one book; Sermons on the Season, one book; Sermons on the Saints, one book; and others that I have not seen.

He flourished before his pontificate, reading the Sentences at Paris, in the times of Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, in the year of the Lord 1317.

Gentilis of Foligno, an eminent professor of medicine and magnificently learned in the other disciplines of secular philosophy, whose skill in that faculty was not slight, wrote in medicine many excellent volumes, as they say, by which he made his name known with praise not only to those then present but also to posterity. But I have seen none of them. There are reported to be: commentaries On Avicenna, one book; On the Degrees of Medicine, one book; and certain others. Counsels on All Diseases, one book.

He flourished under Emperor Henry VII, in the year of the Lord 1310.

Dantes Aligerus, an Italian by nation, a Florentine by homeland, a man in his time most studious of all in both the divine Scriptures and secular letters, wrote many excellent volumes in verse and prose, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Driven from his homeland for all his days, he lived in exile in Gaul for some time; afterwards, at the court of the king of Aragon, he composed various works about his calamity. Of his small works these are reported: Comedies, one book; On the Monarchy of the World, one book; several letters; and certain others. Also by him, a disputation On Water and Earth.

At last he died in exile at Ravenna, under Louis the Bavarian, empe-

Abbot of Spanheim.

225

emperor IV, in the year of the Lord 1321, in the fourth indiction, and in the fifty-sixth year of his age.

Michael of Cesena, the seventeenth minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, ready in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, and venerable no less for religion than for knowledge, produced in the holy writings works of exposition not to be despised, by which he became known far and wide both to those then living and now to posterity. Of these I have so far been able to find very few, namely:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the prophet Ezekiel, 1 book. Sermons for the season, 1 book. Sermons on the saints, 1 book. He produced readings and commentaries on many books of the Bible, which I have not yet seen.

He flourished under the emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Bertrand, of the Order of Friars Minor, by country a Milanese, born of a noble family, and, as some think, cardinal priest of the most holy Roman Church, a man certainly exceptionally learned in the divine Scriptures and not moderately instructed in secular philosophy, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote several works of great usefulness, among which I have found:

On the Sentences, 1 book. Sermons on the Gospels, 1 book. “They shall see the Son,” etc. [unclear] Sermons on the saints, 1 book.

The rest that he composed have not yet come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1325.

Gerard of Bologna, of the Order of the Friars of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel, the eleventh prior general, doctor of Paris, most learned in the divine Scriptures, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, venerable no less for his way of life than for his knowledge, who governed his order vigorously for twenty years, wrote several volumes of reading not to be despised, by which he transmitted the memory of his name also to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 1 book. Quodlibets, 1 book. Ordinary Questions, 1 book. Sermons for the season, 1 book.

226 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Sermons on the saints, 1 book. And many others.

He began a very distinguished Summa of theology, which, however, overtaken by death, he left unfinished.

He died under Louis the Bavarian, emperor IV, in the year of the Lord 1317, in the fifteenth indiction, and was buried at Avignon.

John of Colonna, by country a Roman, of the Order of Friars Preachers, archbishop of Messina, a man possessing a practiced intellect in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, a very sagacious investigator of the histories of past time, wrote works of noble intellect not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity. Among these there survives the volume which he entitled:

Sea of Histories, 10 books. Letters to various persons, 1 book.

He also produced some other works, which have not come to my knowledge.

Martin, of the Order of Friars Preachers, penitentiary of the lord pope of the city of Rome, and afterwards, as they report, bishop of a certain city, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Of these I have seen only:

A Table of the Decretum, 1 book. “Among any other things” [unclear] A Brief Chronicle, 2 books. “Since to know the times is a very great” [unclear] Sermons for the season, 1 book. “Knowing that it is the hour” On Various Miracles, 1 book. “Confession is made with the mouth unto salvation”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished under the emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1320.

There are some who write that this Martin belonged to the order of our holy father Benedict. In my opinion the likeness of the name of Marianus Scotus, of our order, whom I mentioned above, has deceived them, for he too wrote a chronicle. There are likewise others who think that he should be assigned to the community of the Cistercian Order; these either ignorance of matters has darkened, or envy.

Gerard Odonis, of the Order of Friars Minor, the eighteenth minister general, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in scholastic philosophy, subtle in intellect, apt in speech, and quite fit for disputation, is said to have composed certain works in the holy Scriptures, of which few have become known to me:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Also On Logic, 1 book. Various Questions, 1 book.

On I

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On the books of the Ethics, 10 books.

On moral philosophy, 1 book.

He also composed the office of the stigmata of Saint Francis, founder of the Order of Minors. Finally, he is said to have published commentaries on many books of the Bible, which have not yet come into our hands. He flourished under the emperor Louis the Bavarian, the fourth, and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Nicholas of Lyra, English by nation, of the Order of the Friars Minor, a man most devoted to the holy Scriptures and skilled through long practice, scholastic in speech, and no less venerable in conduct than in knowledge, wrote many distinguished little works on the sacred volumes, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. How useful and how necessary these are for all who desire to learn sacred Scripture no one knows better than one who has exercised himself in reading them. For there are some who think him to be despised because of the simplicity of his eloquence; they seem to me both vain and unlearned, and unworthy of the sacred knowledge of saving philosophy, since they disparage ecclesiastical simplicity and embrace words, not things.

Concerning the little works of this devout and learned man, the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books.

On Genesis according to the letter, book I.

On Exodus, book II.

On Leviticus, book III.

On Numbers, book IV.

On Deuteronomy, book V.

On Joshua, book IX.

On Judges, book X.

On Ruth, book [XI?].

On Kings, book [XII?].

On Chronicles, book [IIII].

On Ezra and Nehemiah, book [IIII].

On Tobit, book IV.

On Judith, book IV.

On Esther, book IV.

On Job, book IV.

On the Psalter, book IV.

On the Proverbs of Solomon, book IV. In the beginning, etc. Omitting. According to what Isidore says. But Moses called. And the Lord spoke, etc. A declaration of the words. He will bring them in and plant them. The Lord raised up judges. In the days, etc. Here [unclear]. By me kings reign. Gather up the fragments. They will be priests over [unclear]. These things ought to have been done. Arphaxad, etc. After these things. In the days, etc. After. Have patience with me. A great prophet [unclear]. Behold, I have described her to you.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On Ecclesiastes, 1 book. The words of Ecclesiastes.

On the Song of Songs, 1 book. Let him kiss me, etc. [unclear].

On the book of Wisdom, 1 book. After the historical books.

On Ecclesiasticus, 1 book. All wisdom, etc.

On Isaiah the prophet, 1 book. Jerusalem the evangelist.

On Jeremiah, 1 book. A prophet among the nations.

1 book. How she sits. In [unclear].

On the Lamentations of Jeremiah, 1 book. These words, etc. After.

1 book. The heavens were opened, etc.

On Ezekiel, 1 book. But to Daniel God gave.

On Daniel, 1 book. Of the twelve prophets.

On the twelve minor prophets, 1 book. And it came to pass, etc. After.

2 books. Four faces to one.

On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. The face of a lion on the right.

On Mark, 1 book. The face of an ox on the left.

On Luke, 1 book. The face of an eagle above.

On John, 1 book. Behold, I have described her to you [unclear].

On the epistles of Paul, 1 book. They were all filled with the Spirit.

On the Acts of the Apostles, 1 book. James, etc. This book.

On the canonical epistles, 7 books. You must prophesy again.

On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. I saw in the right hand a seat.

He expounded the following morally, 1 book. These names, etc. Through the sons.

Again on Genesis, 1 book. The Lord spoke.

On Exodus, 1 book. These are the words; it follows.

On Leviticus, 1 book. After the death, etc. Allegorically.

On Numbers, 1 book. There was a man, etc. [unclear].

On Deuteronomy, book [II?]. Adam, Seth, etc. In this.

On Joshua, 1 book. In the days, etc. That order.

On Judges, 1 book. The vision of Isaiah. In this.

On Ruth, 1 book. The words of Jeremiah, etc. Through.

On Kings, 1 book. How she sat. Here begins.

On Chronicles, 1 book.

On Ezra and Nehemiah, 1 book.

On the book of Esther, 1 book.

On the book of Job, 1 book.

On the Psalter, 1 book.

On Isaiah the prophet, 1 book.

On Jeremiah, 1 book.

On the Lamentations of the same, 1 book. On Eze[kel]

ABBOT OF SPONHEIM. 219.

[A biblical-commentary works list:] On Ezekiel: 1 book. ["And it came to pass, etc."] On Daniel: 1 book. ["In the third year, etc."] On the 12 minor prophets: 1 book. ["The word which, etc."] On the Gospel of Matthew: 1 book. ["The book of the generation of Je[sus], etc."] On Mark: 1 book. ["It was in the days, etc."] On Luke: 1 book. ["In the beginning, etc."] On John: 1 book. ["First, etc."] On the Acts of the Apostles: 1 book. ["The first [account], etc."] On the Apocalypse: 1 book. ["Tobias, of the tribe, etc."] On Tobias also: 1 book. ["Arphaxad, etc."] On the book of Judith: 1 book. ["And it came to pass, etc."] On the Maccabees: [—] book[s]. ["First it is asked whether…"] On the Song of Songs: 1 book. On the body of Christ: 1 book. Sermons on the saints: 1 book. Sermons on the [seasons of the] year: 1 book. Against the Jews: 1 book. He published, besides, some others, which have not yet come into our hands. He flourished in the times of Louis IV, emperor, [and] John XXII, pope, in the year of the Lord 1320.

[Guido?], of [the order of] Mary ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, the twelfth Prior general, and afterward bishop of the churches of Mende and Elne, a man most erudite in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, outstanding in talent, sweet in eloquence, a keen disputant, distinguished no less in conversation than in knowledge: he wrote many illustrious little works, by which he commended his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported: A tripartite work—polished [and] distinguished—on the perfection of the catholic life, to Pope John XXII: [—] book[s]. On the Sentences: 4 books. Six Quodlibets: 1 book. ["In our first dispu[tation]…"] Whether the Word in divine [matters]… Ordinary Questions: 1 book. On the concord of the evangelists: 3 books. To the cardinal of Albano: 1 book. On the books of the Physics: 8 books. Questions on the soul: [—] book[s]. [page 268:] He composed also several others, which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of Louis IV, emperor, and John XXII, pope, in the year of the Lord 1330.

Augustine of Ancona, of the order of the hermit-brothers of St Augustine, a man studious and erudite in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, prompt in talent, and scholastic in speech, wrote many volumes of no contemptible reading, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported: To Pope John XXII, a work not small, On ecclesiastical power: 4 books. ["To the most holy and reverend…"] On the Sentences: 4 books. Quodlibets also: 5 books. On the Holy Spirit against the Greeks: 6 books. On the ten strings: 7 books. On the entrance into the promised land: 8 books. On the powers of the soul: 9 books. On the resurrection; On Matthew: 10 books. On Mark; On Luke also: 11 books. On John; On "Missus est" [the Annunciation]: 12 books. On the Magnificat; On the Epistles of Paul: 13 books. On the canonical Epistles; On the Acts of the Apostles: 14 books. On the Apocalypse. And several others. He began a distinguished volume from the writings of the divine father Augustine, which he entitled the Milleloquium; but, prevented by death, he left [it] unfinished; which afterward Bartholomew of Urbino, of the same order, completed. He flourished under Louis the Bavarian, emperor, the fourth, and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1330.

Peter of Abano, an Italian by nation, of Padua by country, a man studious [and] erudite in secular letters, a distinguished philosopher, a physician of most celebrated repute, subtle in talent, renowned for [his] knowledge of many languages, is reported to have elaborated many little works, both in philosophy and in medicine, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. But there are [those] who write that he was a magician, [and] had shown many wonders through that superstitious art; whether [this be] true, [I know not]. For I recall having neither read nor anywhere seen anything of his little works. Of these, however, the following are reported: A distinguished work [of] a hundred and…

The Abbot of Spanheim.

...divided into ten distinctions, which he entitled:

On Medicine of Every Kind, book I. To Pope John XXII, book II. On the Book of John Mesue, book III. On Aristotle's Problems, book IV. And certain other works.

He translated Galen On Black Bile and On the Regimen of Health, together with many others.

He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Sibertus de Beka, a German by nation, from Gelderland by homeland, of the Order of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, prior provincial of Lower Germany, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently trained both in canon law and in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in intellect and brilliant in eloquence, who shone in his time no less by his manner of life than by his learning, wrote certain commendable small works, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are reported:

On the Sentences, book II. A Summary of Censures of the New Law, book III. On the Rule of His Order, book IV. And certain other works.

He also corrected the ordinal of his order with sagacious purpose.

He flourished in the times of Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, and of Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Clement, the fifth pope, born in Gascony, formerly called Bernard, bishop of Bordeaux, sat after Benedict XI in the chair of Peter for eight years and ten months. He was a learned and energetic man; at his command the Order of Templars was destroyed throughout the whole world on one day. He celebrated the Council of Vienne, in which he established many things for the benefit of the Church. He composed the seventh book of the Decretals, which John XXII, his successor, published, as is stated at the beginning of the same. It is commonly called:

The Code of the Clementines, book I. The foundations of the Catholic faith...

He died while Henry VII was governing the Roman Empire, in the year of the Lord 1314, in the twelfth indiction.

Petrus de Perpiniano, called Rimi, a Catalan by nation, of the Order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the holy Scriptures and a subtle expounder of scholastic philosophy, quick in intellect and an excellent declaimer, published many small works of reading not to be despised. By exercising in them the abundant vein of his talent, he made his name known even to posterity. Of these there are reported:

Questions on the Sentences, book I. On the Whole Psalter, book I. Various Sermons, book I.

But concerning other works that he composed, nothing has ever come to my knowledge.

Dericus, of the Order of Friars Minor, a holy and learned man, an excellent preacher of the divine word, because of his most fervent love for it took up a pilgrimage, penetrated Asia and India, where by preaching and teaching and proclaiming the faith of Christ, he converted many from iniquity to the path of justice. His most holy life was confirmed by many signs both in the flesh and after death. Among the other small works of his talent he wrote:

A History of His Pilgrimage, book I. Also Various Sermons, book I. And certain letters.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Franciscus Marionis, of the Order of Friars Minor, formerly a hearer of John Scotus, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly trained in the precepts of the philosophers, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, composed in style, constant in study, sufficiently acute and very fit for disputing and resolving questions of the Scriptures, wrote not a few distinguished volumes of his talent, in which he showed himself most learned and transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, book I. Concerning the proemium of the first... On Formalities, book I. Various Questions, book I. Sermons on the Season, book I. Sermons on the Saints, book I.

He is also said to have composed certain commentaries on the divine volumes and some diverse treatises, which have not yet at all come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Bonaventura of Padua, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, formerly prior general, and thereafter cardinal priest of the most holy Roman Church of the title of Saint Cecilia, a man in the divine [unclear]...

Abbot of Spanheim.

learned in the Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, ready in talent, distinguished in eloquence, no less reverend for his manner of life than for his knowledge, of great reputation in delivering sermons to the people; and, since he most vigorously defended the liberty of the Church against tyrants, he was at last pierced by an arrow by the lord of Carrara and was crowned with martyrdom. He wrote very useful and elegant works:

Sermons for the season, one book. “The desired one will come [unclear]” Sermons on the saints, one book. “But far be it from me to glory” And certain other things.

He flourished under Louis, the fourth emperor, in the year of the Lord 1320.

William Ockham, English by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, formerly a disciple of John Scotus, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly taught in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain small works on the Scriptures, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Acting and writing against John XXII, who condemned the heresy of the Fraticelli, together with Peter of Piceno, whom Emperor Louis had set up as an idol and had caused to be called Nicholas V, and declaring him to be a heretic, he was excommunicated by him. Fleeing to Emperor Louis, likewise excommunicated, he said to him: “O Emperor, defend me with the sword, and I shall defend you with the word.” And so he remained excommunicated with the excommunicated man until the end of his life; at last, at his death, he was absolved. He was a most bitter assailant of Scotus, his master, and attacked almost all his sayings. He wrote:

Against John XXII on the poverty of Christ and the apostles An Apology, one book. On the Sentences, four books. Quodlibets, also one book. On the Supporters of Heretics, seven books. “In all curious matters” On the Sacrament of the Altar, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1320. And he was buried in the convent of his order in the province of Noricum, which is now called Bavaria, of which Emperor Louis had previously been duke.

Alvarus, of the Order of Friars Minor, Spanish by nation, a hearer of John Scotus, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, held in esteem by John XXIII, acted against William Ockham the Englishman in writings and in words. He published certain very distinguished volumes of his talent, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among them there survives a great and notable work, describing the defects of ecclesiastical persons, which he entitled:

On the Lamentation of the Church, one book. Likewise The Mirror of Kings, one book. “In the name of our Lord Jesus” On the Sentences, four books. An Apology, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished at the same time as Ockham, under Emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Matthew Silvaticus, of Mantua by homeland, noble by birth, a physician by art and profession, in which faculty in his time he was held to be both learned and experienced before many others, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote in that science volumes not to be despised, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have seen only the notable work, addressed to Robert, king of Sicily and a physician, on all simple medicines and their properties, which he entitled:

Pandects, one book. “Aaron in Greek, in Arabic” I have seen nothing of the rest.

He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1320.

A certain hearer and disciple of John Scotus in the schools of Paris, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and subtly taught in secular philosophy, and also not ignorant of both pontifical and imperial law, is said to have composed certain distinguished little works, by which, exercising his talent, he also made his name known to posterity; but I have seen none of them. They are said to be:

On the Sentences, one book. Disputed Questions, one book. And certain other things.

Durandus of Saint-Pourcain, of the Order of Friars Preachers, and afterward, as they say, bishop of Le Puy, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not meanly instructed in secular philosophy, ready in talent and distinguished in eloquence, an outstanding declaimer of sermons, first a defender of the writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas, but afterward their most bitter assailant. A certain shifting cause is reported for this change, to which I ought neither readily to give credence, nor

The Abbot of Spanheim.

to deny rashly: he wrote certain volumes not to be despised, by which he made his name known. Of these are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. “There is God in heaven [unclear]” On the Instruction of the Clergy, 1 book. “Most beloved brothers and [unclear]” A Notable Summary, 1 book. Various Questions, 1 book. Diverse Sermons, 1 book. The rest which he is said to have composed have not yet come to my knowledge.

Erenus de Boyo, a Briton by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man in every respect most learned, an eminent professor of sacred scripture, of sharp and vigorous talent, quite capable in solving questions of the scriptures, is reported to have written some distinguished little works, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there is found, as his people report, an excellent work:

On the Sentences, 4 books. And Various Questions. But he is said to have composed certain other works, which have not come to my knowledge.

Rupert, of the order of the Preaching Friars, a man learned through long practice in the divine scriptures, a subtle and profound interpreter of scholastic philosophy, an acute disputant, an outstanding declaimer, sharp in talent, scholastic in speech, published certain little works not to be despised; by exercising his talent fruitfully and usefully in them, he made his name known not only to the present but also to the future. Of these there survive:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. In addition, he adorned many books of Aristotle with most elegant commentaries. He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1320.

Stephanus de Ast, of the order of the Friars Minor, a man nobly learned in the divine scriptures, an eminent philosopher and jurist, distinguished in knowledge, profound in talent, cautious in counsel, firm in judgment, composed in speech, is reported to have forged various little works of his excellent talent, by which he made his name known to those present as well as to those to come. Of these I have seen only the necessary work:

A Summary on Cases, 8 books. “Therefore, about to speak in this first [unclear]” Of the rest I have seen nothing. He flourished under Louis, the fourth emperor, in the year of the Lord 1550.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Johannes de Alerio, a Toulousain by nation, of the order of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, the thirteenth prior general, a man zealous and learned in the divine scriptures, and venerable no less for fervor in religion than for learning, governed the Carmelite order vigorously for nine years. He published several distinguished volumes, by which he showed the abundant grace of his talent. Of these there survive:

On the Sentences, 4 books. A Reading on Ecclesiasticus, 1 book. And several others. He was elected general of his order at Montpellier in the general chapter, on the day of Pentecost, under Louis the fourth emperor and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1321, in the fourth indiction.

Johannes de Regno, a Frenchman by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, of the Toulouse convent, a man learned in the holy scriptures and not ignorant of secular learning, ready in talent, scholastic in speech, outstanding in delivering sermons to the people, published besides many volumes, by which he made his name known also to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. A Lenten Work, 1 book. The rest, however, which he is said to have composed have not come to my knowledge.

Stephanus de Provincia, professor and excellent interpreter of both laws, and sufficiently instructed both in the divine scriptures and in secular letters, distinguished in talent and eloquence, whose learning was approved among his contemporaries, wrote certain volumes [not?] to be neglected, by exercising his talent gloriously in which he also transmitted his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there is an excellent work:

On the Clementines, 1 book. Various Questions, 1 book. Of the rest I have found nothing. He flourished around the times of Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1330.

Johannes Andreas, an Italian by nation, from Bologna by homeland, a jurist most celebrated to the admiration of all, a fountain of canons and a most cautious interpreter of doubts, distinguished in talent, profound in knowledge, composed in eloquence, who, contrary to the custom of the men of our

The Abbot of Sponheim.

...of our time, although he was bound by the ties of a wife, nevertheless devoted incredible zeal to letters, so that nothing could have been sweeter to him than to write something for the edification of posterity. His distinguished volumes testify to this, by which he secured eternal remembrance for his name. Of these I have had the privilege of seeing a few:

On the Decretals, 5 books. On the Novellae in two forms, 1 book. “Because it is preposterous...” Additions to the Speculum, 2 books. The work entitled Mercuriale, 1 book. “I, Johannes And...” A Summa on betrothals and marriage, 1 book. On the Clementines, 4 books. “Since frequently in the forum...” On the praises of Saint Jerome, 1 book. “Johannes Gratiosum...” On the tree of consanguinity, 4 books. “Jerome continually...” Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He died at last of the plague and was buried at Bologna, under Charles IV, emperor, and Clement VI, pope, in the year of the Lord 1348, in the first indiction.

[Unclear], formerly hearer and disciple of the most famous man Cinus of Mugello, and a close friend of Johannes Andreae, a man certainly most learned in civil law among all men of his time, subtle in intellect, ready and very abundant in knowledge, published many little works in that faculty, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Code, 9 books. On the first part of the Old Digest, 1 book. On the second part, 1 book. Additions on the remaining parts, 2 books. And many other things. He also wrote consilia.

He flourished under Louis IV, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1330.

Monaldus, of the Order of Friars Minor, a theologian and very learned jurist, subtle in intellect, cautious in knowledge, scholastic in speech, of excellent industry and virtue in delivering sermons to the people, published, for the benefit of the simple, little works not to be despised even by the learned, by which he usefully provided both for those then present and for those to come long afterward. Of these the following are reported:

A necessary and very beautiful Summa of canon law, 4 books. “Since one ignorant...” Questions on the Sentences, 4 books. Various sermons, 1 book. And many other things, which have by no means come to our knowledge.

[Unclear], an Italian by nation, formerly hearer of the very learned man Dinus of Mugello, and a very close friend of Johannes Andreae, a man very skilled in both laws, and also excellently imbued with the disciplines of philosophy, who for many years was a consistorial advocate and acquired great praise and glory for his learning, wrote some distinguished little works in both laws, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have seen only:

A volume of consilia, 1 book. “In the name of the Lord, Amen...” Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He is said to have left after him many lectures in civil law, which I have not yet seen.

He flourished under Louis IV, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1320.

[Unclear] Johannes de Blomendal, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, outstanding in intellect and clear in eloquence, was an eminent teacher in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote, for the edification of the faithful, volumes not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these I have so far found only:

Sermons on the temporal cycle, 1 book. “Take your weapons, your quiver...” Sermons on the saints, 1 book. Sermons for Lent, 1 book.

He flourished under Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1330.

[Unclear] Guido de Monte Rocherii, a man very studious in the sacred Scriptures and rich in reading of the ancients, clear in intellect, scholastic in speech, wrote little works of his talent not to be despised, by which he made the memory of his name known also among posterity. Of these I have seen only that well-known work circulated in print, which, composing it for the guidance of simple priests, he wished to be entitled:

The Manipulus curatorum, 3 books. “Since, as the prophet says...” I could not find other works.

He flourished in the times of Louis IV, emperor, and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1330.

[Unclear] Johannes de Ligneriis, the most celebrated philosopher and astronomer of all men in his time, who magnificently restored this discipline, now almost erased from human memory, acquired immense praise for his learning in the school of Paris, where he had as collaborators and associates in this faculty men most learned in mathematical knowledge, Johannes de Muris and Ber-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

[unclear], notable philosophers and astronomers, who also themselves wrote various short works. But of the works of this John of Lignières, although he wrote many excellent things, I have seen very few, namely:

Canons of the first movable sphere, one book. “Of any given arc ...” Tables of the same, one book. On the sphere also, one book.

Of the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Louis the Bavarian, the fourth, and of Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1330.

John Danck of Saxony, German by nation, contemporary of the aforesaid John of Lignières and his companion in studies, a man most learned in every respect, the most celebrated philosopher and astronomer among all men of his time, excellent in subtle intellect, published many excellent and admirable short works, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. But thus far I have found very few:

Eclipse Canons, one book. “The quantity of an eclipse of the sun ...” Canons of the tables, one book. “The time of the fourth aspect ...” On the astrolabe, one book. On burnings, one book.

He flourished in the times of Louis, the fourth emperor, and of Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1330.

Peter de Palude, French by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy and canon law, an acute disputant and distinguished preacher, published certain excellent volumes on the holy Scriptures, by which he bestowed his name upon immortality. Among these are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. Various Questions, one book. And various Sermons, one book. And many other things.

He is also said to have adorned many books of the Bible with his commentaries, that is, to have expounded them.

John Calderini, Italian by nation, from Bologna, once a hearer and disciple of John Andreae, professor of canon law, a very celebrated interpreter, not ignorant of secular philosophy and of the divine Scriptures, ready in intellect, apt in speech, wrote no few volumes in his faculty. By these, proving his intellect through diligent exercise, he transmitted his name to the memory of posterity. Among these I have found a great and notable work, divided into three not small volumes, which he entitled:

Repertory of Law, one book. “A. This word a, sometimes ...” On the Decretals, one book. “Although many doubtful matters ...” On ecclesiastical interdict, one book. Many opinions, one book.

Of the other things I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Paul de Liazariis, a hearer of John Andreae of Bologna and fellow student of John Calderini, a man most skilled in both laws, nobly instructed in the precepts of the philosophers, distinguished in intellect and eloquence, who among the doctors of law in his time was not [unclear], wrote, among the other short works of his intellect, a notable volume which is called:

On the Clementines, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Louis the Bavarian, the fourth emperor, and of Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Lupold of Bebenburg, bishop of Bamberg, German by nation, as they report once a hearer of John Andreae of Bologna, a very celebrated jurist, nobly learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, published short works not to be despised in reading, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity with great glory. Among these there is extant a notable work:

On the Zeal of the Christian Religion of the Old Princes of the Germans, one book. On the Rights of the Roman Empire, one book. And certain other volumes on diverse subjects, which have not come to me.

He flourished in the times of Louis, the fourth emperor, and of Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Nicholas of Modena, a man nobly learned in both laws, especially in the civil laws, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, cautious in knowledge and counsel, in order to leave to posterity monuments of his intellect, wrote certain excellent volumes in civil law, by which he had made himself useful to those then living, and known to those to come. Among these are reported:

On the Code, nine books. On the Old Digest, twenty-four books.

ABBOT OF SPANHEIM.

On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. And certain other works. He flourished in the times of Louis, the fourth emperor, and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Lapus de Castellione, abbot of San Miniato, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a jurist most learned among all men of his time, and imbued from early youth, as they say, with the disciplines of the philosophers, distinguished in intellect, scholastic in speech, and an outstanding disputant of scholastic questions, whose authority among jurists is to be judged by no means slight, wrote several short works in his faculty, among which there is an excellent work:

Of his Allegations, 1 book. On the Clementines, 1 book. And many other works.

He flourished in the times of Louis, the fourth emperor, and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Guerricus, abbot of Igny, a man by no means slightly learned in the divine Scriptures, ready in intellect, sweetly composed in speech, fit for persuading, distinguished no less by love of regular observance in his way of life than by knowledge of the Scriptures, wrote, for the edification of simple devout brothers, short works not to be despised; by these, showing himself a useful and faithful shepherd of Christ’s sheep, he also made his name known to posterity. Of these I have found only the work of sermons on the temporal cycle and on the saints through the circuit of the year, which he delivered:

To his brothers, 1 book. We await the Savior.

He also wrote letters. Concerning the rest, however, which he is said to have composed, I have not been able to find anything anywhere.

Henry of Urimaria, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, by nation, as they report, a German, a man most devoted to the holy Scriptures from boyhood and very learned, second to none in his time in Aristotelian philosophy, who for many years was an outstanding doctor in the Parisian academy, distinguished by celebrated doctrine, wrote many very famous volumes, among which the following are said to be:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Quodlibets, 1 book. On the Ten Commandments, 1 book. Flowers from the Collation of the Fathers, 2 books. Hear, Israel, the commandments. On the Perfection of Man, 1 book. Because many [unclear]. On the Incarnation of the Word, 1 book. On the Fourfold Instinct, 1 book. On Exemption, 1 book. Exposition on the Creed, on the celebration of Mass, 1 book. Sermons on the Temporal Cycle, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. On the books of the Ethics, 10 books. And many other works.

He flourished in the times of Louis, the fourth emperor, surnamed Bavarian, and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

[Unclear], studious [unclear], and excellently learned in secular letters, a distinguished philosopher and historiographer, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in speech, is said to have fashioned some volumes of excellent doctrine, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these the distinguished work of Histories excels:

16 books.

He flourished under Louis, the fourth emperor, in the year of the Lord [1340?].

Bartholomaeus Pisanus, of the Order of Preachers, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, most skilled in both laws, and nobly learned in the knowledge of secular philosophy, distinguished in intellect, open in speech, cautious in knowledge and counsel, is said to have written certain very famous short works. Of these I have seen only the Summa, which he calls the Pisan, a work certainly not to be rejected, which a few years ago was in great use among confessors of the common people, which the author entitled:

Summa magistrucia, 1 book.

Concerning the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished under Louis, the fourth emperor, and completed his Summa, as he himself testifies, in the year of the Lord [1338?].

Bartholomaeus Brixianus, of the Order of Preachers, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and by no means slightly learned in both laws, also an outstanding declaimer of sermons, and no less holy than learned, since he is said to have shone with miracles even in life, wrote, among the other monuments of his talent, a notable:

Summa on Cases, 1 book. Various Sermons, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished under Louis, the fourth emperor, in the year of the Lord [1340?].

Abbot of Sponheim.

Ludolphus, of the Carthusian order, in the house of Strasbourg, a German by nation, sprung from Saxon land, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, gentle in disposition, sweet and composed in speech, and also distinguished in life and conduct, published certain excellent little works of great devotion and deep learning. By these, nobly exercising his talent, he bestowed his name upon immortality. Of these I have seen only the following:

A large and distinguished volume on the Gospel, which he entitled The Life of the Lord Jesus, 2 books.

Also On the Psalter, 1 book. Another foundation, lest... [unclear]

Other works of his are reported. As once manna... [unclear]

He flourished under the emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1350.

[Unclear], a man very zealous in the divine Scriptures, exceedingly skilled, eminent in ability, no less distinguished in life than in learning and knowledge, published many excellent volumes, in which he showed the abundant vein of his talent and transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity with great praise and glory. Of these the following are reported:

On the First Book of the Sentences, 1 book.

A lecture On Genesis, 1 book.

A twofold Hexameron, 2 books.

On the Song of Songs, 1 book.

On the Matter of the Chaoticorum [unclear], 1 book.

On the Lord’s Prayer, in two ways, 2 books.

On the Ave Maria, 1 book.

Breviloquium, 1 book.

On the Four Senses of Scripture, 1 book.

Of the Exposition of the Mass, 1 book.

Manual for Priests, 1 book.

On the Capital Vices, 1 book.

The Cloister of the Soul, 1 book.

On the Conception of Saint Mary, 1 book.

On the Method of Study, 1 book.

Introduction to Law, 1 book.

On True and False Friendship, 1 book.

On the Canonical Hours, 1 book.

On the Five Senses, 1 book.

On the Forty-Two Mansions, 1 book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Against the Flagellants, 1 book. On the Comparison of the Mass, 1 book.

On the Division of Philosophy, in verse, 1 book.

On the chapter Omnis utriusque, 1 book.

Various sermons, 1 book. Preachable conferences, 1 book.

Various questions, 1 book. On Aristotle’s Rhetoric, 1 book.

He published besides many other works which have not come to my knowledge.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Louis IV and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

William de Kaiotho, of the order of Friars Preachers, provincial prior in France, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed both in canon law and in scholastic philosophy, subtle in talent and clear in speech, of excellent ability in delivering sermons to the people, wrote certain little works not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. He abbreviated the Summa of Johannes Teutonicus, which is called the Summa of Confessors, 1 book. What is simony, say... [unclear]

Various sermons, 1 book.

The rest of what he composed has by no means come to my knowledge.

Peter de Casa, of Limoges, of the order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, the fourteenth prior general, and afterwards bishop of Vaison, and finally, as they report, patriarch of Jerusalem, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, ready in talent and clear in speech, learned and eloquent in delivering sermons to the people, published certain excellent volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these are reported:

On the Sentences, 1 book. Sermons for the season, 1 book.

Sermons on the saints, 1 book.

And certain other works.

He flourished, and was elected prior general of his order from the convent of Limoges, under the emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, in the year of the Lord 1350, in the thirteenth indiction. He ruled his order energetically for twelve years.

Paulus of Perugia, of the order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed in secular philosophy, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, published several little works of great authority. By exercising his brilliant talent in these, he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity with great glory. Of these there exists a very celebrated and almost divine work, which he recited in the Parisian school:

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On the Sentences, 4 books. "Concerning the first [unclear]" Quodlibets also, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished at Paris and completed his lecture under Emperor Louis the Bavarian, the fourth, and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1344, in the twelfth indiction. And not long after that same lecture of his he died at Paris and was buried there in the convent.

Bernardus Parentinus, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man zealous in the divine Scriptures and skilled through long practice, and not moderately learned in the scholastic disciplines, subtle in intellect and distinguished in speech, of excellent reputation in delivering sermons to the people, wrote for the instruction of simple priests certain volumes not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these there is extant:

An Exposition of the Mass, 1 book. "Since the Wise Man cries out" Various sermons, 1 book. And several other things.

He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord [1340?].

Osbertus, English by nation, of the Order of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man certainly most learned in the holy Scriptures, and exceptionally learned in secular philosophy, of acute and forceful intellect, scholastic in eloquence, subtle in debating and resolving questions of the Scriptures, wrote certain excellent little works, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, 4 books. "One conclusion having been proposed" Various determinations, 1 book. "It is asked whether [unclear]" Various sermons also, 1 book.

The rest that he composed have not been able to come to the knowledge of our reading.

Johannes Estuidi, English by nation, a man easily the most learned of all his time in secular letters, a philosopher and astronomer second to none, outstanding in intellect and sweet in speech, wrote certain excellent little works of his intellect, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of a later age. Of these there is extant a notable work of judicial astrology, concerning the accidents of the world, which is commonly called:

The English Summa, 2 books. "My intention in this book"

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished, and completed the same Summa, as he states at its beginning, under Emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1347, in the fifteenth indiction, on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of January.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Bernardus, abbot of the monastery of Monte Cassino, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in life, and a notable cultivator and propagator of regular observance, wrote for the edification of monks certain excellent little works, by which he made his name known. Of these the following are extant:

The Mirror of Monks, 1 book. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, 1 book. "It is read in Proverbs" On Regular Precepts, 1 book. Sermons to the Brothers, 1 book.

He is also said to have composed many other things, which have by no means reached us.

Symon de Cremona, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of the liberal arts, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in speech, quite excellent in delivering sermons to the people, since indeed at Venice he labored for a long time in this office, where by word and example he instructed very many, wrote for the instruction of simple preachers little works not to be despised, of which the following are extant. To Antonius, his brother, a priest, sermons:

On the Gospels, 1 book. "Lift up your heads, because" On the Epistles also, 1 book. "Let us cast away the works of darkness"

The rest that he composed have not yet come to the knowledge of our reading.

Petrus Raimundi de Insula Grassa, French by nation, of the Order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, the fifteenth Prior General, who after Petrus de Casa, from Limoges, vigorously governed his order for fifteen years, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, wrote elegantly:

On the Sentences, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished and was elected general from the convent of Carcassonne in the province of Narbonne, under Emperor Louis IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1343, in the eleventh indiction.

Reinerus Foroliviensis, a jurist most celebrated of all in his time, the teacher of Bartolus de Saxoferrato, a man distinguished in intellect and speech, is said to have composed various little works in civil law

The Abbot of Spanheim.

... little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with glory to posterity. But I have not been able to find any of them anywhere.

He died under Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1358, in the eleventh indiction.

Simon of Cascia, of the order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man [unclear], zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, who indeed is said to have been illumined by the spirit of prophecy in the Florentine convent, published several volumes of great usefulness, in which he showed himself a learned and devout man. Among these I found an outstanding work on the whole Gospel, which is commonly entitled:

The Deeds of the Savior, one book. “From the good and super-good...”

On Christian Doctrine, one book. “The imitation of God in men...”

On Patience, one book. [unclear]

Exposition of the Creed, one book. [unclear]

On the Mirror of the Cross, one book. [unclear]

On the Discipline of Spiritual Men, one book. [unclear]

Letters to Various Persons, one book. [unclear]

And certain other works.

He ended his life under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 140[unclear].

Simon of Speyer, a German by nation, of the order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, master of Paris, most learned in the holy Scriptures, and nobly instructed in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in discourse, taught theology for a long time with distinction in the school of Cologne, and won from all great praise for his learning. He wrote an outstanding volume:

On the Sentences, one book.

Against the Jews, also one book.

A Postil Read at Cologne, [unclear].

He published some other things recently, but they have by no means come to our knowledge.

Sertorius, whom some call Fortunerius, the nineteenth minister general of the order of Friars Minor, an Englishman by nation, from [Galenis?] by homeland, afterward archbishop of Ravenna, and finally patriarch of Grado and cardinal of the sacrosanct Roman Church, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, published certain distinguished volumes by which he made his name known also to posterity. Among these there is extant an outstanding work:

On Augustine’s City of God, twenty-two books.

Concerning the rest I have found nothing.

De-

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Finally, he is also said to have composed various treatises on the books of the Bible. He flourished, and was elected minister general of his order in the chapter at Marseille, under Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1356, in the ninth indiction.

Albericus Roxiatus, otherwise de Rosate, a native of Bergamo, a distinguished professor of both laws and a very renowned interpreter, excellently learned also in the other secular letters, quick in intellect and polished in speech, produced many instructive volumes on the laws, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with praise to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

On the Code, 12 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 13 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On the Institutes, 4 books. On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, 1 book. On the comedies of Dante, 1 book.

He also composed some other works which have not come to my knowledge. He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord [1340?].

Johannes de Saxonia, of the Order of Friars Minor, German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently instructed both in canon law and in scholastic philosophy, of excellent reputation in delivering sermons to the people, produced certain distinguished volumes of his intellect, by which he made his name known also to posterity. Among these there is extant:

A Summa on cases, 1 book.

And other works which I have not seen. He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord [unclear].

Gerardus of Siena, Italian by nation, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man not moderately learned in the holy Scriptures and skilled in both laws by long practice, subtle and acute in intellect, whose learning his contemporary Johannes Andreas often praises and cites, wrote some excellent little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Among these the following are reported as the more important:

On the First Book of the Sentences, 1 book. On contracts and usury, 1 book. On prescriptions, 1 book.

I have found nothing about the rest. He flourished with Johannes Andreas, under Louis the Bavarian, Emperor IV, and Pope Benedict XII, in the year of the Lord 1340.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Johannes de Rupe Scissa, of the Order of Friars Minor, very zealous in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, led astray by I do not know what spirit, not to say led on, began, as though a prophet, to predict the desolation of the Catholic Church and certain other terrible things; he was cast into prison by the ministers of his order, and a lying spirit was found in his mouth. In chains he wrote to a certain cardinal:

His Revelations, 1 book. Most reverend in Christ... Also on the Sentences, 4 books. And certain other works.

He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Gerardus, bishop of Savona, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a native of Bergamo, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in canon law, subtle in intellect, distinguished in speech, worthy no less in life than in doctrine, composed for the benefit of readers little works not to be despised; by usefully exercising his intellect in these, he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Two quodlibets, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. Two wings of the Cherubim... On the Epistle to the Hebrews, 1 book. On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, concerning religious houses, 1 book.

He says that he wrote many other little works, which have not come to my knowledge. In the Parisian school he ascended the magisterial chair. He flourished under Emperor Louis IV, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Thomas de Garbo, a native of Florence, son of the former physician Dino, a man learned and skilled in medicine, nobly instructed in the disciplines of the philosophers, adhering to the footsteps of his most learned father, produced in his faculty little works not to be scorned by physicians, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Among these there is extant, very noteworthy:

A Summa of Medicine, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of Louis the Bavarian, fourth Emperor of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1340.

Alphonsus, bishop of Seville, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man much learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, among ecclesiastical doctors in his time...

Concerning Ecclesiastical Writers

... most celebrated in [his] time, distinguished in talent and eloquence. He published several volumes of great authority, by which he made his name known also to posterity. Of these I have found only a subtle and notable work:

On the Sentences, 4 books.

Of the rest I have learned nothing.

He flourished under Louis IV, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1340.

John de Bachone, an Englishman, of the order of the friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed both in canon law and in secular philosophy, shone brilliantly in the Paris school no less for his conduct than for his learning; and afterwards, promoted to the provincialate of England, he energetically governed his order by word and example. He wrote many notable volumes, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. On the Gospel of Mark, 1 book. On the Gospel of Luke, 1 book. On the Gospel of John, 1 book. On the Epistles of Paul, 14 books. On the Acts of the Apostles, 1 book. On the Canonical Epistles, 7 books. On the Apocalypse, 1 book. On the Sentences, 1 book. Various Quodlibets, 1 book. Mirror of His Order, 1 book. Defense of His Order, 1 book. Against the Jews, 1 book. On the Poverty of Christ, 1 book. On the Rule of His Order, 1 book.

He also published explanations on the books of blessed Augustine On the Holy Trinity and On the City of God, and on Anselm’s Why God Became Man and On the Incarnation of the Word; in all of these he exercised his talent splendidly.

He flourished in the times of Charles IV, emperor, and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1350.

John Eligerus de Gonderfluen, a German by nation, once a hearer of John of Saxony, the very famous astronomer, a man most learned in secular letters, the most celebrated philosopher and astronomer among all men of his time, and sufficiently imbued with the divine Scriptures, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote volumes in mathematical science not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Construction of the Astrolabe, 1 book. On the Usefulness of the Astrolabe, 1 book. On the Usefulness of the Quadrant, 1 book. On the Magnet also, 2 books. On the Astrogometer, 1 book.

King of the stars Ptolemy [unclear] With principal zeal [unclear] The uses of the new [unclear] A treatise on the magnet [unclear] The sum, with [unclear] bedewing us [unclear]

And many other works. He flourished in the times of Charles IV, emperor, and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1350.

The Abbot of Spanheim

Rupert, a Frenchman by nation, of the order of the friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and excellently instructed in scholastic philosophy, distinguished in talent, apt in speech, published various little works on the holy Scriptures; by splendidly exercising his talent in them, he made the memory of his name known also to posterity. He was an excellent preacher of the divine word, and wrote many things useful to composers of sermons. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 2 books. On the Epistles of Paul, 3 books. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book.

He composed many other works besides, which have not come to my knowledge.

Clement VI, pope, a Limousin by homeland, formerly called Peter Roger, abbot of Fécamp, of the order of Saint Benedict, sat in the chair of Peter after Benedict XII for ten years and six months. He was a man learned in the divine writings and not ignorant of secular letters, a notable doctor of canon law, venerable no less for his conduct than for his learning; in declaiming sermons to the people he was of excellent talent. He published certain distinguished little works, by which he showed the liveliness of his talent. Of these are reported:

Various Sermons, 1 book. On the Canonization of Ivo, 2 books. Rejoice and praise [unclear] On the Approval of King Charles, 3 books. Solomon will sit upon [unclear] Many Collations, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book.

He died and was buried at Avignon, under Charles IV, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1352, in the fifth indiction.

[unclear] Gre

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Gregory of Rimini, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, prior general, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and very well instructed in scholastic philosophy, distinguished in talent and eloquence, earned from everyone in the University of Paris great renown for his learning, since he shone forth as very celebrated in life and doctrine. He wrote some little works of no contemptible reading, of which the following are considered the more important:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Epistles of Paul the Apostle, 14 books. And certain other things.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1350.

Philip of Bergamo, prior of the monastery of Saint Mary of [Avantia?] in Padua, of the Order of our holy father Benedict, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote several little works of holy doctrine, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have found only a large volume On the Ethics of Cato, 1 book. He is also said to have written Sermons, To the glory and praise, 1 book.

The other things that he composed have by no means come to the knowledge of my reading.

John de Beka, German by nation, clerk of the church of Utrecht, a man very studious and learned in the holy Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, published certain little works of his talent not to be despised. Of these I have seen only a work written in a simple and clear style, addressed to lord John, bishop of the church of Utrecht, and William, duke of Holland, on the deeds of the bishops of Utrecht and the counts of Holland; carrying it down from the time of Saint Willibrord, the first bishop, as far as the year of the Lord 1346, he wished it to be entitled Chronicle of the Church of Utrecht, 1 book. Therefore from the year [unclear]. Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished in the times of Louis IV and likewise Charles IV, emperors, in the year of the Lord 1500.

Francis Petrarch, Tuscan by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and, in secular letters, by far the most learned of all his time, a philosopher, rhetorician, and most celebrated poet, who after a long silence called back the letters of humanity, dead, so to speak, from the lower world to the upper, shone forth distinguished no less for holy conduct than for knowledge. For out of love of Christ and of saving philosophy he took up the solitary life, in which, persevering until death in meditation, prayer, and writing, his fame was carried through the whole world. Of his little works I have found:

On the Solitary Life, 1 book. Few men have I known. [unclear], 2 books. Since things and fortunes. On the Remedies of Fortune, 1 book. Monica in tranquil [unclear]. What indeed are we doing now, 1 book. On the Seven Penitential Psalms, 1 book. On the Conflict of Cares, 1 book. The Life of Scipio Africanus, 1 book. Bucolics, in verse, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 8 books. Africa, to King Robert, 1 book. On the History of Griselda, 1 book. 1 book

254 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Richard de Bury, bishop of Durham, chancellor of Edward III, king of the English, to whom there is extant a letter of Francis Petrarch asking about the island of Thule, a man most devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, a singular and very celebrated lover of books, founded, with much expense and labor, a notable library in the University of Oxford, which with incredible zeal he established there for the public benefit of students. He wrote a very fine treatise on the love of books and the establishment of the said library, which has now been printed, and which he entitled in Greek:

Philobiblon, one book. Several letters, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1350.

[unclear]

John Walsgram, an Englishman by nation, of the order of the brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly trained in secular philosophy, subtle and acute in intellect, adorned with the master's insignia in the Parisian school, was very celebrated in lecturing and disputation. He wrote certain distinguished volumes by which he made his name known. Of these there is extant the notable work:

On the Sentences, four books.

The other things which he is said to have composed have not yet come to my knowledge.

Various questions, one book.

John de Saxo, of the order of Friars Minor, learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly trained both in canon law and in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, an excellent preacher in delivering sermons to the people, and very famous in his time, published certain little works of reading not to be despised, which are necessary for the instruction of simple priests. Of these I have found only:

A summa of law, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1359.

[unclear]

Thomas of Argentina, a German by nation, of the order of the hermit brothers of Saint Augustine, after Gregory of Rimini prior general, a man most learned in the holy Scriptures and an outstanding cultivator of secular philosophy, distinguished by his life and the honesty of his conduct, who wonderfully raised up his order by word and example, wrote several distinguished volumes on the Scriptures, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there is extant the most brilliant work:

On the Sentences, four books. “The abyss gave forth its voice.” Constitutions of his order, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1350.

The Abbot of Sponheim

John Brammart of Aachen, a German by nation, of the order of the brothers of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, prior provincial of Lower Germany, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and, according to the custom of the scholastics of this time, a very celebrated expounder of secular philosophy, distinguished in intellect and speech, an excellent teacher in delivering sermons to the people, wrote for the benefit of the faithful little works not to be despised; by exercising his talent in them, he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, four books. Various sermons, one book.

He is also said to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Henry of Erfurt, a German by nation, long exercised in the divine Scriptures and not moderately learned, and excellently trained in secular letters, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote for the edification of the Church several volumes, by which he made his name and reputation known to many. Of these there is reported a work of histories:

On memorable deeds, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1350.

John of Erfurt, a German by nation, a Thuringian by homeland, of the order of Friars Minor, an enlightened and skilled doctor in the divine Scriptures, nobly and excellently trained both in both laws and in secular philosophy, published several little works of great authority, in which he also entrusted the force of his most excellent talent to posterity. Of these I have seen only a great volume, which he entitled:

Table of law, one book. “As it is written,” two. A summa on cases, one book. “Asked by the brothers that...”

Of the others I have seen nothing.

256 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He is also said to have composed elegant sermons, but they have not come to me.

John Tacephale, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of the Brethren of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, a doctor learned in the divine scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect, composed in speech, the most celebrated preacher of sermons of all in his time, produced little works not to be despised in reading; by them, usefully exercising his talent, he transmitted his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. Of these, the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in his convent at Norwich, where, buried, he rests in peace.

Robert Holkoth, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of Preachers, a man most learned in the divine scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, outstanding in intellect, distinguished in eloquence, and also an excellent preacher of sermons, wrote many excellent little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. “Whether every wayfarer...” On the Book of Wisdom, 1 book. “The Lord is my rock...” On the Seven Mortal Sins, 1 book. “This is the way; walk...” Moralizations, 1 book. “Theodosius concerning the life...” On the Immortality of the Soul, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On Ecclesiasticus, unfinished, 1 book. And many other things.

He died of the plague after he had begun a reading on the Book of Ecclesiasticus, under Emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1349, in the second indiction.

Nicholas Dorhin, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of the Brethren of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine scriptures and excellently taught in secular philosophy, who in the University of Oxford, by reading and disputing, earned great praises from all, wrote little works not to be scorned in reading, by which he showed the rich, all-round grace of his very lively intellect. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, [unclear], 4 books. Determinations of Questions, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the school of Oxford, and wrote many various volumes.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Paul of Perugia, professor of both laws and a very celebrated interpreter, and excellently learned in other humane letters, perfectly instructed in Greek and Latin eloquence, was for a long time keeper and master of the library of Robert, king of Sicily, a most learned and studious prince. He wrote certain excellent little works by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there is extant a distinguished volume, in which there are many pleasant and useful things concerning the gods of the gentiles and of others, which he entitled:

Collections, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1350.

Bonominus, by nation a [Permonensian?], born from the town of Clusone, a learned physician and easily the most skilled of all in his time, and not moderately learned in the other disciplines of philosophy, most experienced in healing human bodies, wrote in that faculty little works not to be scorned, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. But I do not remember having seen any of them. The following, however, are said to be his:

On Poisons, 1 book. Of Various Questions, 1 book. And certain other things.

Tilmannus of Aachen, a German by nation, of the Order of the Brethren of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, distinguished professor of sacred letters, outstanding in intellect and an excellent preacher, and also sufficiently learned in secular philosophy, which they call Aristotelian, wrote, for the benefit of readers, compilations not to be despised, by which he sent the fame of his name to distant places. Of these there is reported one notably remarkable reading, which he read publicly at Cologne:

On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. Also on the Sentences, 4 books.

He is also said to have composed sermons and various works on the Bible; since I am uncertain about them, I can make no judgment.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Bartholus of Sassoferrato, once a hearer and disciple of the doctors Cinus and Jacobus Butrigarius, a most celebrated jurist, one to whom earlier ages had had no equal in that faculty, subtle and keen in intellect, polished and eloquent in speech, published certain distinguished volumes, especially on the laws. How great an authority these have today among jurists, no one even lightly learned and experienced is ignorant. Among these are cited commentaries on civil law, as follows:

On the Code, 9 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On the Institutes, 4 books. Also the Tiberiadis, 1 book. Also Councils, 1 book. On the Guelphs and Ghibellines, 2 books.

And many other things.

He flourished under Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1355, in the eighth indiction, and in the fifty-sixth year of his age.

Petrus Thomas, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, first bishop of Patti, then archbishop of Crete, and most recently patriarch of Constantinople, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, most holy in life and conduct, since he is read to have shone forth, living and dead, with many signs and miracles, was of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote certain distinguished volumes, of which these are cited:

On the Sentences, 3 books. Also various sermons, 2 books.

And certain similar things.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Clement VI, in the year of the Lord 1350, and was buried in Cyprus.

Bartholomaeus, of the order of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, English by nation, a man most studious in the divine Scriptures and not meanly learned, and sufficiently imbued with secular letters, and distinguished no less by religious conduct than by knowledge, published little works of no negligible authority, the reading of which is judged necessary for simpler brothers. Of these I have found only the volume which he entitled:

On the Properties of Things. When the properties of things ... [unclear] 19.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Various sermons, 1 book.

He says that he wrote many other things also, but they have by no means come into our hands.

Petrus Boherius, abbot of Saint Avianus, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a jurist and an outstanding cultivator of the sacred Scriptures, subtle in intellect, renowned in speech, a most celebrated governor of monastic discipline: for the edification of his brothers he published several little works, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these I have found only:

On the Rule of Saint Benedict, 1 book. On the Mirror of Monks, 1 book. On the Signs of Speech, 1 book.

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

Since he was a most celebrated doctor of decrees, he commented on the Rule of the holy father Benedict in a new and unusual kind of exposition, comparing all its chapters, opinions, and teachings, and even, what belongs to greater diligence, its words, counsels, and precepts, with pontifical law; with admirable subtlety he approved them by the canons of the fathers.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1360.

Jacobus de Altavilla, a German by nation, from Rinaugia, of the diocese of Mainz, a most learned professor of sacred letters, nobly instructed in secular philosophy, most subtle in intellect, scholastic in discourse: he published several distinguished little works on the divine Scriptures, by which he destined his name for the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have hitherto been judged worthy to see only a distinguished volume:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Also Various Questions, 1 book.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1360.

Johannes de Imenhusen, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, ready in intellect, circumspect in knowledge, scholastic in speech, a distinguished teacher no less by example than by word: he wrote certain excellent volumes, of reading not to be despised, by which, exercising his magnificent intellect, he also made known to posterity the memory of his name. Of these I have found only:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Elegant Sermons, 1 book.

Of the others I have seen nothing.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

He flourished under Emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1360.

Petrus Berthorius, otherwise Bercharius, a Frenchman by nation, from Poitiers, prior of the monastery of Saint Eligius at Paris, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a man most devoted to and very learned in the divine Scriptures, and outstandingly learned in secular letters; in preaching sermons to the people, a philosopher of excellent intellect, a distinguished historian and cosmographer: he wrote many excellent volumes, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported. To Johannes de Pratis, bishop of Palestrina and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, he wrote a great and outstanding work, which has now been printed in three volumes, not useless to the simpler preachers; they call it the Dictionary, but he himself wished it to be entitled:

Moral Repertory, 5 books. Also Moral Reductory, 4 books. Moral Inductory, 3 books. Breviary of the Histories of the Bible, 1 book. He wrote a Cosmography, 1 book. Various Sermons, 2 books. And many other things.

Finally, at the request of John, king of France, he translated Titus Livius into the French language. And it should be noted that of the three moral works which we have set down in the first place, each consists of three large volumes; of these, one part of the Moral Reductory, embracing morally all the historical books of the Bible, has been printed, and it begins from Genesis thus: “God in the creation of the world,” etc. His letters to various persons are reported, and small but many treatises.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1369.

Johannes de Tambacho, a German by nation, of the order of Friars Preachers, a man much practiced and learned in the divine Scriptures, and also not ignorant of secular philosophy, distinguished in intellect and speech, and composed with scholastic refinement, published certain volumes not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these I have found only the following: a large work, and not to be rejected, against the missiles of adverse fortune for those [unclear], no less useful than pleasant, which he wished to be entitled:

The Consolation of Theology, 15 books. Whatever has been written

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On the sensible delights of paradise, one book, beginning: “In the delights of the paradise of God.” He published Sermons, one book. And certain other works. He flourished under the emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord [1360].

Leonard of [Giffoni?], of the Order of Friars Minor of Saint Francis, the twenty-fourth minister general, and afterward cardinal priest of the Roman Church, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and very skilled in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect and renowned in eloquence, is said to have left many monuments of his intellect, of which I have found very few:

On the Sentences, four books. On the Song of Songs, one book. A Notable Summa, one book. Various Sermons, one book.

He flourished under the emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1370.

John Balistarii, a Catalan by birth, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, the seventeenth prior general, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, who governed his order sternly in deed and speech for sixteen years, composed distinguished monuments of his intellect, among which are reported:

On the Sentences, one book. On the War of the Church Militant, one book. Various Sermons, one book. And certain other works.

The aforementioned notable work on the mighty war of the Church militant and of Antichrist attacking it he sent dedicated to Pope Gregory XI.

He died in the times of the emperor Charles IV and Pope Gregory XI, in the year of the Lord [1374], in the second indiction, in his convent of Majorca.

John Boccaccio of Certaldo, Italian by nation, Florentine by homeland, easily the most learned of all men of his time in secular literature and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated poet, philosopher, and astronomer, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, published many distinguished volumes, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these the following are reported. To Robert, king of Sicily:

On the Genealogy of the Gods, one book, beginning: “If sufficiently from the things related, Lord...” On Illustrious Men, one book, beginning: “When I was inquiring...” On Famous Women, one book, beginning: “On the day before, of eminent women...” On the Heresies of the Bohemians, one book. On the Victories of Sigismund, one book. On the Wars of the Emperors, one book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On Mountains, one book, beginning: “I had arisen, indeed weary...” On Springs, one book, beginning: “After concerning mountains and...” On Rivers, one book, beginning: “By poetic invention...” On the Wars of the Florentines, one book. On the Rebellion of the Lands of the Church, one book. On the Victory of the Tartars, one book. On Pools and Marshes, one book, beginning: “Although sometimes from pools...” On the Names of the Sea, one book, beginning: “A modest amount of labor having been undertaken...” Of Bucolics, one book, beginning: “Tyndarus, it was not enough...” On the Capture of Constantinople, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. And many other works.

In the vernacular language, moreover, many books of his are extant, full of jests and vanities, such as the book of the Hundred Novels, Corbaccio, and Philostratus.

He died under the emperor Charles IV and Pope Gregory XI, in the year of the Lord 1375, in the thirteenth indiction, at the age of 62.

John of Hildesheim, German by nation, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, learned in the sacred Scriptures, nobly taught in secular literature, a theologian, philosopher, and distinguished poet, was of excellent intellect in declaiming sermons to the people. He was formerly at Avignon the familiar and devoted servant of Blessed Peter Thomas, the general and most holy man of whom we made mention above. He wrote many distinguished little works in verse and prose, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Among these the following are reported. To Florentius, bishop of Münster, he published a lengthy volume:

On the Three Holy Kings, one book, beginning: “When of the most venerable...” A Chronicle of Histories, one book. A Defense of His Order, one book. On Monsters in the Church, one book. On the Fountain of Life, one book. On Antichrist, one book. Against the Jews, one book. Against One Painting Shameful Things, one book. Eighty Letters, one book. Various Sermons, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1370.

Jo-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

John Maronis, English by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and subtly instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in ability, and an excellent disputant of scholastic questions, composed certain distinguished little works commending his talent, by which he made his name known even to posterity. Among these there is said to be a notable work, which he entitled:

Table of Originals, 1 book. Against the Wycliffites, 1 book. And certain others.

He flourished in the school at Oxford, where by teaching, disputing, and writing he earned great praise from all, at about the time when the errors of John Wycliffe were condemned by the archbishop of Canterbury.

John Golein, Norman by homeland, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, prior of the convent of Rouen, a man studious and learned in the divine writings, and sufficiently instructed in secular letters, subtle in ability and clear in eloquence, wrote little works of no contemptible authority, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of later generations. Among these there survives a notable work:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Office of the Mass, 1 book. “Sing to the Lord a song.” Various Questions.

He also published several other works besides, which have by no means come into our hands.

Henry of Dolendorp, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine Scriptures through long practice, and perfectly instructed in the disciplines of worldly philosophy, which they call Aristotelian, acute in ability and very well suited for disputing and unraveling scholastic questions, wrote for the instruction of readers certain excellent volumes, of which I have found only:

On the Sentences, 4 books.

Of the rest I have found nothing.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Urban V, in the year of the Lord [1370?].

Gallus, abbot of the monastery of Aula Regia in Bohemia, of the order, as they say, of the Cistercians, German by nation, a man skilled in the divine Scriptures through long practice, and rich in the reading of the ancients, an excellent contemplator of divine things, subtle in ability, open and composed in eloquence, also distinguished in the conduct of regular life, published for the edification of his brothers certain excellent volumes, by which he sent his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these there survives a great and notable dialogue between father and son, which he entitled:

Pomegranate, 3 books. “Son, as you approach the service...” Sermons to the Brothers, 1 book.

There is today great use of this volume, the Pomegranate, among the truly devout religious, because it is suitable for beginners, those advancing, and the perfect.

Richard, archbishop of Armagh, primate of Ireland, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy and canon law, distinguished in ability, scholastic in speech, of excellent industry in delivering sermons to the people, wrote several little works of his talent, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. When at one time he was preaching to the people on the matter of mendicancy, he set forth nine conclusions; offended by these, the brothers of the mendicant orders appealed before the people to the Apostolic See. Therefore, when both the archbishop and the brothers appeared at Avignon before Pope Innocent VI and the cardinals, in the year of the Lord 1347, on the eighth day of the month of November, Archbishop Richard publicly set forth, read, and pronounced [unclear] of those propositions, 1 book. “Judge not according...” He also wrote Sermons, 1 book. Questions on the Sentences, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Charles IV and Pope Innocent VI, in the year of the Lord 1370.

Matthew of Krakow, Polish by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, ready in ability, scholastic in eloquence, who, having been raised to the master’s chair in the school at Prague, earned from all great praise for his learning, wrote many excellent little works, though only a few of them have come into our hands. I have seen his work addressed to Henry, bishop of the church of Warmia, not to be rejected, on predestination, that God made all things well; the interlocutors of this dialogue are father and son, which he entitled Ra-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Rationale of divine works, seven books. “I should wish it to be declared how...” Also, On contracts, one book. On the transfer of [unclear]. On the celebration of Mass, one book. To the bishop of Warmia, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Sermons, conferences. He first flourished in the school at Prague; then, when he was driven out with other Germans by the Hussites, he taught letters for a time in the Parisian academy.

Johannes Fustinione, a German from the town of Kreuznach, born in the county of Spanheim, of the order of the brothers of blessed Mary ever virgin of Mount Carmel, prior of Strasbourg, a man learned in the divine scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, of excellent ability in delivering sermons to the people, while he was still lector in the convent of Kreuznach wrote, for the instruction of simple preachers, little works not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have seen only:

Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. Weekday sermons through Lent, one book.

But of the rest that he composed, nothing has ever come into our hands. He is said to have flourished at Kreuznach around the times of Emperor Charles IV. His aforesaid sermons, Fustgin, are held in the original in the convent of Kreuznach.

[Gerardus?] Magnus of Deventer, a German by nation, of the diocese of Utrecht, a man excellently learned both in the divine scriptures and in canon law, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, who first founded at Deventer the house of the Brothers whom they call “of the Common Life,” wrote several little works of no contemptible reading, by which, exercising his talent, he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. For he was famous throughout all Germany not only for learning, but also for a religious life and praiseworthy conduct. Of his little works these are reported:

On contracts and usuries, one book. On the instruction of novices, one book. On the leasing of pastoral care, one book. “It is asked whether someone can...” On internal conduct, one book. On the governance of nuns, one book. On the inconveniences of marriage, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Various sermons, one book. And many other things.

He died under Emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Urban VI, in the year of the Lord 1384, in the seventh indiction, in the forty-fourth year of his age.

William of Califford, an Englishman by nation, of the order of the brothers of most blessed Mary ever virgin of Mount Carmel, in [unclear], distinguished, of excellent and vigorous ability in delivering sermons to the people, wrote little works not to be despised for preachers of the divine word, by which he made his name known to many. Of these there are extant:

A certain notable lecture, one book. Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book.

He flourished in the academy of Cambridge in England, where by writing, teaching, and disputing he won great glory for his learning.

Franciscus Martini, of the order of the brothers of blessed Mary ever virgin of Mount Carmel, a Catalan by nation, a man learned in the divine scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, an outstanding declaimer, published with much diligence an excellent volume, furnished on the holy and most pure conception of the glorious Virgin Mary, mother of God, which he entitled:

Compendium, seven books. And certain other things.

He flourished in the convent of Barcelona, where at the beginning of the aforesaid golden work he states that he compiled it in the times of Emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Jacobus de Lusanna, of the order of the Preaching Brothers of St. Dominic, bishop, as they report, of a certain city, a man most devoted to the divine scriptures, skilled by long practice, prompt in intellect, scholastic in speech, sufficiently outstanding in delivering sermons to the people, wrote little works of no contemptible usefulness, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there are reported:

On Genesis, one book. “In the beginning God created...” On Exodus, one book. “I will come to you and...” On Numbers, one book. On Deuteronomy, one book. Sermons on the season, one book. “As in the day, honorably...”

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Sermons on the saints, one book. Lenten sermons, one book. He also published many other things besides: lectures on the sacred books, collations, determinations, and various treatises, which have not come into our hands.

Conrad of Alzey, a town of the diocese of Mainz in the Palatinate, three [unclear] miles distant from Worms, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular letters, a philosopher, poet, and mathematician, in his time most celebrated among the Germans, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, excellent in verse and in prose: he wrote in both styles certain distinguished little works, by which he made his name known. Among these there is extant a volume, adorned with beautiful variety in verses and rhythms, entitled On the Most Holy and Most Pure Mary, Mother of God, and the Redemption of the Human Race:

The Work of Figures, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Also Poems, one book. And many other things.

He flourished around the times of Emperor Charles IV, in the year of the Lord 1370.

Stephen Petringon, an Englishman by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, a most acute disputant, and very distinguished in delivering sermons to the people, published works not to be despised, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of many. Among these are:

Against the Wycliffites, one book. A Repertory of Arguments, one book. A Certain Notable Lecture, one book. Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. And not a few other things.

He flourished in the University of Oxford at the time when John Wyclif was burned.

Bertramus, bishop of Thefelicensis, of the order of Preachers, a German by nation, suffragan vicar in pontifical matters of the bishop of Metz, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most famous among the doctors of his time, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, also an excellent deliverer of sermons: he wrote to Cuno, archbishop of Trier, a distinguished work entitled:

On the Illusions of Demons, one book. "To the most reverend in Christ..." To the same, On the Schism, one book. "The wise seeking glory..." Various sermons, one book. And several other things.

He died under Emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Urban VI, in the year of the Lord 1387, on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of February, in the tenth indiction, and was buried in his convent at Koblenz.

Thomas Lombe, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, an Englishman by nation, a man learned in the holy Scriptures through long practice and continual study, and well instructed in the precepts of the philosophers, subtle and keen in intellect, who, having obtained the magisterial chair in the Oxford school, earned great praises for his learning, wrote an excellent work:

On the Sentences, four books. Against the Lollards, one book. On the Incarnation of the Lord, one book. Also Sermons, one book. And various questions. And certain other things.

He flourished in the University of Oxford, chiefly at the time when John Wyclif in England was exhumed and publicly burned.

Philip Riboti, a Catalan by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, and prior provincial of Catalonia, a man devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, venerable also in life and conduct, and an excellent lover and guardian of the Carmelite order, wrote for the edification of his brothers works not to be despised, in which, showing the fervor of his spiritual zeal toward his religion, he also commended the memory of his name to posterity. Among these there is extant a volume not to be rejected on the first institution, expansion, and confirmation of his order, which he entitled On the Special Deeds of the Carmelites:

On the Special Deeds of the Carmelites, ten books. "When the Israelite people..." On the Illustrious Men of the Carmelites, one book. Sermons and letters. He composed many other things besides, which have not come to my knowledge.

Nicholas Ritzonis, by homeland a Toulousain, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, and prior provincial in the kingdom of Sicily, a learned man, distinguished in life and conduct, and an excellent deliverer of sermons, subtle in intellect, brilliant in speech, published some works on Scripture, the reading of which will not be contemptible to preachers of the word. Among these are reported:

Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. Qua-

Abbot of Spanheim.

A double Lenten work, 2 books. Of the other things that he composed, nothing has yet come to my knowledge.

Henry of Kalkar, a German by nation, of the Carthusian order, and prior of the house of St. Barbara in Cologne, a man who had an enlightened mind in the divine Scriptures, and was also not ignorant of secular letters, notable in life and conduct, published little works not to be despised in reading, the use of which is judged very useful for religious and devout brothers. Among them are reported:

The Monastic Exercise, 1 book. Loquagium on rhetoric, 1 book. Cantuagium on music, 1 book. On the origin of my order, 1 book. And certain other works, especially pertaining to the purification of consciences.

He flourished under the emperor Wenceslaus, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Richard Maidstone, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, English by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, and remarkably learned in secular philosophy, which they call Aristotelian, distinguished in intellect, scholastic in speech, and an outstanding declaimer, wrote many commendable little works, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among them I have found:

Against the Lollards of Wycliffe, 1 book. Sermons on the season, 1 book. Sermons on the saints, 1 book. The rest are hidden from me.

He flourished in the Oxford school, especially at that time when the heresy of John Wycliffe began to sprout in England, and he wrote various things.

Marsilius of Inghen, English by nation, a man in the divine Scriptures, the first planter of the Heidelberg school, which Rupert, duke of Bavaria and count palatine of the Rhine, established and magnificently endowed, and which Pope Urban VI confirmed on the model of Paris; also, as Wimpheling testifies, canon and treasurer of the church of St. Andrew at Cologne: he published little works not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity. Among them, in the Heidelberg library, written in his own hand, are held today:

Questions on the Sentences, 4 books. A notable dialectic, 1 book. Several books of commentaries on Aristotle, And certain other things.

He died under the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1394, on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of September, in the second indiction, buried at Heidelberg in the church of St. Peter. There are some who write that he was German; I grant them freedom of judgment. It is established, however, that he was called from the Paris school to Heidelberg for the beginning of the university.

John, monk of the monastery of Castell, in the diocese of Eichstatt, of the order of St. Benedict, German by nation, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, excellent in intellect and eloquent in fluent speech, a distinguished theologian, philosopher, and rhetorician, wrote many and splendid volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among them I have found only the great and very famous work, divided into two volumes, which he published with immense and commendable zeal:

On the Rule of St. Benedict, 2 books. A Breviary of the Bible, 1 book. Sermons on the season, 3 books. Sermons on the saints, 4 books. On the Passion of the Lord, 42 sermons, 5 books. Letters to various persons, 6 books. Besides these he published many other things, which have not yet come to my knowledge.

Conrad of Monte Puellarum, German by nation, canon of the church of Regensburg, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence: first absorbing the rudiments of the liberal arts in the Erfurt school, he then betook himself to the University of Paris, where, lecturing publicly to students on philosophy and sacred letters for eight years, he obtained the doctor's cap. He wrote for lord Lupold, bishop of Bamberg, a large and noble work, which he entitled, according to the Greeks:

Economics, 3 books. All of moral philoso[unclear] Monastics, to the duke of Austria, 4 books. And also Politics, 5 books. Various Questions, 6 books. And many other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Urban VI, in the year of the Lord 1390. Hen

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Henry Boyc, a Breton by nation, from the diocese of Leon, as he testifies at the beginning of his work on the Decretals, a man most learned in canon law and nobly trained in scholastic philosophy, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, expansive and abundant in judgment, wrote in that faculty volumes not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Decretals, 5 books. “To the venerable and [unclear] ...” On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, 1 book. On the Clementines, 1 book.

He is also said to have published commentaries on the Decrees and various other treatises on different subjects, which have by no means come into our hands.

Johannes Rusbrock, prior of the regular canons of Groenendaal in Brabant, in the diocese of Cambrai, a German by nation, a man, as they say, devout but little learned, wrote in his native tongue, for the edification of the simple, certain little works which after his death were translated into Latin by another. In some matters they are excellent, but in others they are said by doctors to be erroneous. Concerning these Johannes Gerson, chancellor of Paris, composed advisements. Of them the following are reported:

On the Adornment of Spiritual Marriage, 5 books. “Behold, the bridegroom comes; go out ...” On the Progress of Religious, 1 book. Exhortatory Letters, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Johannes Schodehoven, a German by nation, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, prior of Mechelen, a man studious and learned in the divine scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people, wrote for the use of preachers of the word of God volumes not to be despised. Of these the following are extant:

A distinguished work on vices and virtues and every matter suitable for preaching, according to the order of the alphabet, in two volumes, which he entitled Polypodium, 2 books. “Many hide themselves ...” Various Sermons, 1 book.

He also published some other works, which have by no means come into our hands.

Michael Augrianus of Bologna, an Italian by nation, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine scriptures and nobly trained in secular philosophy and canon law, whom Pope Urban VI first appointed vicar of the whole order, and who, finally elected general in the year of the Lord 1381, governed the order under obedience to Pope Urban for nine years. He wrote many excellent volumes, of which the following are reported:

To the Cardinal of Santa Maria in Trastevere, a distinguished and excellent work. On the Conception of Saint Mary, 1 book. On the Whole Psalter, 5 books. On the Sentences, 4 books. Questions on the Sentences, 1 book. Table of the Sentences, 1 book. On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. On the Gospel of Luke, 1 book. Table of the Moralia of Gregory, 1 book. Table of the Decretum, 1 book. Lenten Sermons, 1 book. He began a Dictionary, 3 books. On Valerius Maximus, 1 book. On the Ethics of Aristotle, 1 book. And certain other works.

Prevented by death, he did not complete this divine work of the new dictionary, but brought it only from A to C inclusive, in three volumes. He died in the last year of the emperor Wenceslaus, under Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1396, on the calends of December, in the eighth indiction, and was honorably buried before the high altar of his convent at Bologna. May he rest in the peace of Christ.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Philippus Ferrarien[sis?] Tholosanus, bishop of the church of Pax in Spain, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine scriptures and an outstanding declaimer of sermons, quick in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, formerly preaching in the kingdom of Sicily, converted many from iniquity and brought forth for God great fruits of his learning. He wrote elegant:

Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And certain other works.

There are some who write that he was raised to the honor of the cardinalate because of his extraordinary learning and the uprightness of his life; about this I am not certain.

Walter Disse, an Englishman by nation, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, nuncio and legate of Pope Boniface IX in the kingdoms of England, Spain, Portugal, Navarre, Arago-

Abbot of Sponheim.

[unclear], and in the regions of Gascony, and in the other lands and kingdoms, preaching the Cross against the infidel schismatics, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, an outstanding declaimer of sermons, wrote little works not to be despised, by which he made his name known. Of these there are extant:

Against the Lollards, one book. Also On the Schism, one book. On Some Psalms, one book. Sermons de tempore, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. And certain others.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Gerard of Zutphen, German by nation, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant also of secular letters, subtle in intellect, distinguished in eloquence, and to be preferred no less for his manner of life than for his knowledge of the Scriptures, published certain little works pertaining to the instruction of devout brothers, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have seen only:

On Interior Reformation, one book, "A certain man descend[ed?]." On Spiritual [Ascension?], one book, "Blessed is the man whose..." Various sermons, one book.

John de [Hildinio?], of the order of the brethren of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, a man learned in the divine writings, not ignorant of secular philosophy, an eminent doctor of sacred Scripture, an outstanding declaimer of sermons, sharp in intellect and composed in eloquence, published many excellent volumes and delivered several elegant lectures in the University of Paris. Of these the following are extant:

On the Gospel of Mark, one book, "He was made like a lion." On the Gospel of John, one book. On the Epistle to the Romans, one book. On the Epistle to the Corinthians, one book. On the Epistle to the Galatians, one book. On the Epistle to the Ephesians, one book. On the Epistle to the Philippians, one book. On the Epistle to the Colossians, one book. On the Epistles to the Thessalonians, one book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On the Epistles to Timothy, two books. On the Epistle to Titus, one book. On the Epistle to Philemon, two books. On the Epistle to the Hebrews, one book. On the Annunciation of the Lord, one book, "Hail Mary, full of grace." Various sermons, one book, "Instruct your son, because as..." And many other things.

He is said also to have written commentaries and lectures on many books of the Bible, which have not yet at all come into our hands.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Philip of Monte [Calerio?], of the order of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, a man practiced in the sacred Scriptures, a great and outstanding preacher of the word of God, wrote for the usefulness of those who serve in declamations little works not to be scorned; by nobly exercising his talent in them, he also destined his name for the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have found only the following:

Sermons de tempore, one book, "There will be signs in the sun and [moon]." Sermons on the Saints, one book. Lenten sermons, one book.

He is said besides to have composed various other treatises and to have explained some of the divine books, but none of them has reached me.

John, surnamed Grossus, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, the nineteenth prior general - some have the twenty-first - a native of Toulouse, a studious and learned man, wrote in plain speech volumes not to be despised; by exercising his talent magnificently in them, he made his name known also to posterity. Of these I have seen only the excellent work which, containing the institution and progress of the Carmelite order, is entitled Viridarium, three books, "By what things [unclear]." His sermons, one book, and certain other things are also reported.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1400.

Nicholas de Gorra, of the order of the Friars of Saint Dominic, a man most studious in the holy Scriptures and nobly learned, outstanding in intellect, published in scholastic and plain discourse many volumes, the reading of which, for those who wish to be instructed in the holy Scriptures...

ABBOT OF SPONHEIM.

[unclear], it will not be to be rejected; of these I remember that few have come into our hands. Of the many, however, the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Five Books of Moses, 5 books. On Isaiah the Prophet, 1 book. Likewise on Jeremiah, 1 book. On Ecclesiasticus, a large work, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. “He will give a blessing.” On the Gospel of Matthew, 1 book. On the Gospel of Mark, 1 book. “He gave [him?] as a light to the nations.” On the Gospel of Luke, 1 book. On the Gospel of John, 1 book. Various Sermons, 1 book. And certain other things.

He is said, moreover, to have issued noteworthy commentaries and readings on almost the whole Bible, which have not come to the knowledge of my reading.

Jacobus of Teramo, a canon of Aprutium, archdeacon of Aversa, a very celebrated jurist, an excellent doctor of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, clear and well-composed in speech, whose authority among the professors of this faculty was great in his time, published in that discipline certain outstanding volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have found only the dialogue On the Redemption of the Human Race, commonly called Belial, which the author entitled:

The Consolation of Sinners, 1 book. “And afterwards through the tree of knowledge.” He is said to have written On the Clementines, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and of the new Pope Boniface, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Wilhelmus of Oppenbach, a German by nation, an eminent doctor learned in the sacred Scriptures, and nobly exercised in scholastic philosophy, sharp and vigorous in intellect, well fitted for disputing and untying questions of the Scriptures, wrote in the theological faculty little works not to be rejected, by which he made his name known in the Parisian school. Of these I have found:

On the Sentences, 2 books. Disputed Questions, 1 book.

Of Ecclesiastical Writers.

He is also said to have written sermons and certain other treatises, and to have worked out readings in the schools, which have not come to my knowledge.

Henricus of Langenstein, called “of Hesse,” a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in intellect, abundant and expansive, since, after spending many years in lecturing on Genesis, scarcely reaching the fourth chapter of the book, he completed as many volumes. For he was ready in all things, copious in judging and writing, so much so that for him it was a matter of greater difficulty to keep away things worthy of remembrance that occurred to him of their own accord than to find new things to say. This man, as I found from a certain letter of his, I should believe to have been a canon of the church of Worms. He flourished first in the University of Paris, where he earned the laurel of the doctorate; then, for the adornment of the newly planted University of Vienna, he betook himself there, and both by teaching and by writing acquired great glory for his learning. Of his little works the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. A Prologue on Genesis, 5 books. On the Schism of Antichrist, 1 book. On the Instruction of the Priesthood, 1 book. On the Contemplative Soul, 1 book. On Contemplation, 1 book. Mirror of the Soul, 1 book. On the Canonical Hours, 1 book. Against the Astrologers, 1 book. On the Lord’s Prayer, 1 book. On the Hail Mary, 1 book. On the Creed of the Apostles, 1 book. On Contempt of the World, 1 book. Against Brother Telesphorus, 1 book. Against a Certain Wycliffite, 1 book. To the Canons Regular, 1 book. On the Property of Monks, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. Various Questions, 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. book

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He also published many other things that have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the times of Rupert the Bavarian Palatine, king of the Romans, and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1400.

Johannes de Bromyard, of the Order of the Friars Preachers of St. Dominic, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and learned through long practice, not ignorant also of secular letters, excellent in talent and an outstanding preacher, wrote certain distinguished volumes by which he secured the memory of his name among posterity. Among these the following are reported:

The Summa of Preachers, one book. “The life of preachers,” etc.

The Summa of Moral Law, one book. “What in the following work [unclear].”

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

He is said to have written many other things besides, which have not come to my knowledge.

Johannes Gluel, German by nation, of the Order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, prior of Cologne, born in Aachen, an imperial city, a man excellently learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, of excellent and distinguished talent in delivering sermons to the people, wrote, among the other little works of his study, a volume not to be rejected by devotees of this religious order, on the origin and advancement of his order, which he entitled:

Mirror of the Carmelites, one book.

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Lenten Sermons, one book. “Store up for yourselves.”

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

He flourished in his convent at Cologne, writing and composing various little works, where at last, failing, he passed his day and was buried in peace.

Henricus Euta, or Oyta, German by nation, the unique ornament of the University of Vienna in Austria, [unclear] from the beginning, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly learned in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, an outstanding preacher of sermons, wrote many distinguished volumes, of which very few have so far come into our hands. For I have read only:

On the Sentences, four books. “Concerning the prologue of the first [unclear].” “On [unclear].”

On Contracts, one book. “Love justice, you who [unclear].”

On the Conception of Saint Mary, one book. “A virgin shall arise from Israel.”

And certain sermons.

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished in the University of Vienna, under Emperor Wenceslaus, together with Henricus de Hasia, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Henricus de Andernaco, German by nation, of the Order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and an outstanding interpreter of Aristotelian philosophy, excellent in talent and famous among all men of his time as a preacher of sermons, published little works of no slight authority, of which the following are reported:

A distinguished work On the Sentences, four books.

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Questions of Philosophy, one book.

And certain other things that have by no means come to the notice of our reading.

He flourished especially in the convent at Cologne, where he is also said to have been buried.

Blaius Andernarius, French by nation, of the Order of the Friars of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the holy Scriptures and nobly trained in the arena of scholastic discipline, clear in talent and an outstanding disputant, wrote several distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Among these an illuminating and notable work excels:

On the Sentences, one book.

Questions and Collations, one book.

He is also said to have written some things in moral philosophy, but they have not come to me.

Bartholomaeus de Saliceto, the most celebrated jurist of all his time, subtle in talent and clear in eloquence, whose sayings are held in great authority among professors of civil law, published certain illuminating little works on the laws, by which he consecrated the memory of his name to immortality among posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Code, one book.

On the Institutes, one book.

On the Use of Fiefs, one book.

And several other things.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of the Lord 1390.

Johannes, abbot of the monastery of St. Bavo, of the Order of the divine father Benedict, German by nation, an outstanding doctor and professor of the divine Scriptures, subtle in talent and compact in eloquence, and no less distinguished in religious way of life than in knowledge of letters, wrote

Abbot of Spanheim.

[He] wrote certain distinguished little works for the instruction of monks, of which the following are extant: On the Eating of Meat, book 1; Declarations on the Rule, book 1; Questions on the Sentences, book 1.

In addition, he is said to have written various and numerous treatises, but I do not recall that any of them have come into our hands, except that little book which he wrote on the eating of meat, in which he beautifully sets forth and soundly concludes that, for a healthy monk professed according to the Rule of Saint Benedict, the eating of meat is unlawful, and therefore altogether forbidden.

Richard Lavinham, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, an Englishman by nation, a man excellently learned in the Holy Scriptures, an outstanding expounder of secular philosophy, and also of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people, wrote several volumes as well, of which these are reported: Against the Lollards, book 1; On the Foundation of His Order, book 1; For the Book of Bridget, book 1; Various Sermons, book 1; On Logic also, book 1; and Various Questions, book 1.

He flourished at the University of Oxford, especially at the time when the heresy of John Wycliffe, that of the Lollards, began in Bohemia.

Johannes de Werdena, of the order, as they say, of the Friars Minor, a German by nation, a man studious and learned in the sacred writings, rich in reading of the ancients, and sufficiently learned in natural philosophy, excellent in talent, composed in speech with scholastic simplicity, and in his time a most celebrated deliverer of popular sermons, wrote, among the other monuments of his talent, little works very necessary for preachers of the word of God, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are extant: Double Sermons on the Temporale, book 1, “Let us put on,” see; Double Sermons on the Saints, book 1.

But the other things which he composed have by no means come to our knowledge.

Jacobus, who is called Magnus, a native of Toledo, of the order of the hermit brothers of Saint Augustine, a man learned in the divine writings, distinguished in knowledge of natural philosophy, and abundant in reading of the ancients, is said to have issued various treatises and commentaries on the divine books, which have not yet come into our hands. I have found one outstanding and distinguished volume of his, on discourse in the inquiry of wisdom, entitled *So-

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

phologium*, 3 books, “Of the most illustrious prince.”

Concerning the others I have seen nothing. He flourished in the times of the emperor Wenceslaus and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1400.

Johannes Campsceñ, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, an Englishman by nation, long practiced in the Holy Scriptures and in continual reading of the ancients, rich in talent, an excellent deliverer of sermons, is said to have fashioned certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of their number, they report that there are extant very notable Sermons on the Temporale, book 1; Sermons on the Saints, book 1.

But of the other things which he composed I have not been able to find the titles of the works.

Thomas Gualensis, of the order of the Friars Preachers, an Englishman by nation, a man learned and very studious in the divine Scriptures, and nobly learned in secular letters, especially in scholastic philosophy, subtle in talent and clear in eloquence, also an outstanding deliverer of sermons and an acute disputant in scholastic lectures, wrote many distinguished little works on the Holy Scriptures, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity; of these, however, few have come into our hands. For I have found only the following: On the Whole Psalter, book 1, “Blessed is he who keeps”; On the Proverbs of Solomon, book 1, “In hidden places I shall prepare”; book 1; On Augustine’s City of God, 10 books, “The force of the river makes glad”; On the Song of Songs, book 1.

He flourished at the University of Oxford, where he is said to have composed many volumes, and especially various lectures on several books of the Bible.

Philippus, abbot of the monastery of Otterburg, in the diocese of Worms, of the Cistercian order, a German by nation, a man studious in the divine Scriptures, learned through long practice, and not ignorant of secular literature, published for the edification of readers volumes not to be despised; by soundly exercising his talent in them, he also left to posterity the memory of his name. Of their number the following are reported: a distinguished and notable work On the Song of Songs, book 1; Sermons on the Temporale, book 1; Sermons on the Saints, book 1; Letters to Various Persons, book 1.

If he published anything more, it has still by no means come to my knowledge.

Ni-

Abbot of Spanheim.

Nicolaus, a physician of outstanding learning, Italian by nation, Florentine by homeland, a man highly learned not only in medicine but also in the other letters of secular philosophy, distinguished in talent, polished in eloquence; how great his learning is among the physicians of this time is proved not by my words, but by their testimonies. He published certain notable little works in that faculty, among which an excellent work is reported:

Summa medicinae, one book.

And certain other things.

He died in the times of Rupert, king of the Romans, and of Pope John the twenty-third, in the year of the Lord 1412, in the fifth indiction.

Johannes de Duren, of the Order of Friars Minor of St Francis, German by nation, a man studious and nobly practiced in the Holy Scriptures, of great and distinguished reputation in delivering sermons to the people, is reported to have composed certain little works for the direction of simple priests as preachers, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Of these there survive:

Sermones de tempore, one book.

Sermones de sanctis, one book.

Quadragesimale, one book. “Sanctificate ieiunium.”

De septem peccatis mortalibus, one book. “Cum confessor idoneus.”

De occultis vitiis, one book. “Est via quae videtur ho-”

De confessione, one book.

He is also said to have written many other things, which have not come to my knowledge.

Tilmannus de Hachenberg, of the Order of Friars Minor, German by nation, from the diocese of Trier, a man studious in the divine Scriptures, learned through long practice, having a tongue polished by use in speaking, shone forth as great and most renowned in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote certain little works not to be despised by simple people, by which, profitably applying his talent, he left the memory of his name to posterity. Of these there survive:

Sermones de tempore, one book. “Erunt signa hic praedi-”

Sermones de sanctis, one book.

Sermones per quadragesimam, one book.

And certain other things.

He flourished in his convent at Koblenz, where he died and was buried.

Johannes de Ligniano, a very celebrated jurist, well instructed in the disciplines of the philosophers, outstanding in talent, distinguished in eloquence, is reported to have composed certain excellent little works in canon law,

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear], applying himself to which, he both spent his time usefully and left to posterity the memory of his name. Of these, as Franciscus de Zabarellis testifies in the prologue on the Clementines, there are extant Comportationes on the Clementines, one book, and certain other works.

He flourished under Rupert the Bavarian, king of the Romans, and Pope Boniface IX, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1400.

Hugo of Schlettstadt, a German by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and notably learned in the disciplines of the philosophers, subtle in intellect, and a distinguished disputant of scholastic questions, wrote, as they say, certain excellent volumes, by which he left to posterity the memory of his name. Of these there is extant a work of Questions on the Sentences, four books.

And certain other works.

He was, moreover, a follower and clear interpreter, in his determinations, of the holy father Bonaventure, of the Order of Minors, explaining those things which in that man’s distinctive philosophy might have seemed obscure and rather rare to the simple.

Paulus Venetus, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and, in Aristotelian philosophy, second to none in Italy in his time, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, and an outstanding declaimer, composed many little works, especially in philosophy, by which he left to posterity the memory of his name. Of these are reported:

Against the Jews, one book. Summary on Natural Things, one book. Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. Sermons for Lent, one book. On the book of the Posterior Analytics, [two?] books. On the Physics, [two?] books. On the Metaphysics, [twelve?] books. On the Soul, [two?] books. Summary of Philosophy, one book. A Double Logic, [two?] books. On Generation and Corruption, [two?] books. On the book of Porphyry, one book. On the book of the Categories, one book. On Strode’s Consequences, one book. And many other works.

“Every doctrine,” etc. “Natural philosophy” “With you, most wise king” “So great a body of letters,” etc. “A conversation [unclear],” etc. “Considering,” etc. “Of human and divine things” “Greatest and strong,” etc. “As I was asking,” etc. “Jesus, God and man”

The Abbot of Spanheim.

He flourished under the emperor Wenceslaus, in the year of the Lord 1400. And, dying as a young man, he was buried in the sacristy of his order at Venice.

James of Cessolis, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man learned in divine Scripture and not ignorant of secular letters, excellent in talent, polished and well-composed in speech, second to none in his time in delivering sermons to the people, published certain distinguished volumes, by which he left to posterity a praiseworthy memory of his name. Of these there is extant a notable work, entitled On the Morals of Men and the Duties of Nobles and Commoners, treating the subject On the Game of Chess, in 4 books. “Among all kinds of [unclear].” Various Sermons, 1 book.

Other works, however, which he is said to have written have by no means come to our knowledge.

Thomas of Haselbach, German by nation, learned in sacred Scripture, not ignorant of secular philosophy, outstanding in talent, scholastic in speech, but excessively diffuse and prolix, and for that reason liable to the criticism of certain people. For when he was ordinary lecturer in sacred theology at the university of Vienna, lecturing on Isaiah the prophet for twenty-one years, he did not reach the end of the first chapter. He wrote some treatises on the divine Scriptures, of which the following many volumes are reported:

On Isaiah the Prophet, 1 book. On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Ten Commandments, 1 book. On the Five Senses of Man, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And many others.

He flourished in the times of Rupert, king of the Romans, and of Pope Gregory XII, in the year of the Lord 1410.

Thomasinus, by homeland a Ferrarese, of the Order of Preachers of Saint Dominic, a man devoted to and learned in sacred Scripture, an outstanding preacher in rebuking the sins of peoples, is said to have composed certain excellent treatises for the instruction of simple priests, by which he transmitted knowledge of his name with praise to posterity. Of their number especially the following are reported:

Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. Sermons for Lent, 1 book. [unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

The rest, however, which he composed, have not come to our knowledge up to the present.

Thomas a Kempis, German by nation, of the Order of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, of the Mount of the divine martyr and virgin Agnes near Zwolle in the diocese of Utrecht, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, devout in life and conduct, and an especial lover of the blessed Mary ever virgin, wrote for the instruction of simple brethren treatises not to be despised, of which the following are reported:

On Contempt of the World, 4 books. “He who follows me, not [unclear].” “Behold how good and how pleasant,” 5 books. “He who has not renounced,” 6 books. “I beg you, dearest father,” 7 books. “Dearest, when you were in [unclear],” 8 books. “Written in Prophe[cy?],” 8 books. “Weep with me, all friends,” 9 books. “With the holy man you will be holy,” 10 books. “I am the flower of the field and the lily,” 11 books. “Your ways, O Lord, [unclear].” “Be comforted, be comforted,” 12 books. “The way of those men is right,” 13 books. “Hear, religious monk,” 14 books. “Permit the little children to come,” 15 books. “My son, from your youth,” 16 books. “The Lord rules me, and nothing,” 17 books. “Dearest brother, the book [unclear].”

He flourished in the times of Rupert, king of the Romans, and of Pope Gregory VI, in the year of the Lord 1410.

Nicholas, monk of the monastery of the Holy Cross in Austria, of the Cistercian Order, German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and rich in reading of the ancients, of excellent talent and clear eloquence, wrote certain useful treatises not to be despised, by which he transmitted the memory of his talent to posterity. Of these the following are reported: a work not to be rejected in praise of the most blessed Mother of God and Virgin Mary, useful to preachers, which he entitled:

Image of Saint Mary. “The name of the Virgin Mary.” Various Sermons, 3 books. 1 book.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

The remaining works, although many are reported that he composed, have by no means come down to us.

Bartholomaeus of Urbino, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, a diligent investigator of the works of the holy fathers, wrote volumes not to be despised, of which the following are preserved: from the minor works of Saint Ambrose and Augustine he compiled into one work, with singular zeal, according to alphabetical order, to which he gave the title

The Thousand Sayings of Augustine, one book.

The Thousand Sayings of Ambrose, one book.

On Spiritual Warfare, one book.

And several other things.

He flourished in the times of Rupert, king of the Romans, and of Pope Gregory XII, in the year of the Lord 1410.

Franciscus de Platea, of the Order of Minors of St. Francis, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, notably instructed both in law and in secular philosophy, excellent in talent, an outstanding declaimer of sermons, is said to have composed by lamplight many distinguished minor works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with praise to posterity. Of their number the following are reported: an excellent and distinguished work which he entitled

On Restitutions, one book.

Whether Restitution Is [unclear] from Censures, one book.

Various Sermons, [unclear] books.

But the rest that he composed have not come to the knowledge of our reading.

Peter of Candia, Cretan by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, first bishop of Novara, then archbishop of Milan, afterward cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, finally supreme pontiff, named Alexander V, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, magnificently instructed in scholastic philosophy, a very celebrated declaimer of sermons, who once presided over the public school in the University of Paris, by teaching and writing acquired great and immense praise. From his minor works there survive clear and useful commentaries:

On the Sentences, four books.

Various Sermons, one book.

And certain other things.

He died in the last year of Rupert, king of the Romans, and was buried in the convent of the Minors at Bologna, in the year of the Lord 1409, in the third indiction,

[unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Franciscus de Bachone, a Catalan by homeland, of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, of the convent of Gerona, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, was so strong in teaching and disputing in the University of Paris that he was surnamed the Sublime Doctor. Among other monuments of his talent he wrote a great and distinguished work from the writings of the holy fathers, quite useful to declaimers of sermons to the people, which we may entitle

Repertory of Preachers, four books.

It is reported besides that he wrote certain other things also, but they have not come into our hands.

Michael Herbrant of Düren, of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, German by nation, lecturer in sacred theology and prior of the convent of Kreuznach in the diocese of Mainz, a learned man and so distinguished a declaimer that, summoned not only in the vicinity but also to remote places and cathedral churches, he preached while held in admiration by all. He enjoyed great intimacy and authority with Johann, the last count of Sponheim, and obtained from him many benefits for his convent. Among other things he wrote elegant

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Synodal Collations, one book.

And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of Rupert, king of the Romans, and Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1410.

Peter of Speyer, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, German by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and magnificently instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in talent and clear in eloquence, of very celebrated reputation in declaiming sermons to the people, wrote certain distinguished minor works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Of their number are reported

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

On the Books of the Ethics, two books.

But the other things that he composed have not yet come to the knowledge of our reading.

Reinardus of Fronthoven, German by nation, of the Order, as they report, of the Friars Preachers, a man zealous in the divine writings and skilled through long practice, and not ignorant of secular literature, wrote minor works not to be rejected by preachers of the word of God, by which he made his name known also to posterity. Of these I have seen only

Ser-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Sermons on the Temporal Cycle, 1 book. Of the others I have seen nothing. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. He flourished, as his associates say, in the convent at Koblenz, where he died.

John Capreolus, of the Order of Friars Preachers, by country a Toulousain, a man learned in sacred writings, excellently trained in the disciplines of Aristotelian philosophy, acute in intellect, sufficiently fit for disputation, a most zealous champion and defender of the sayings of St. Thomas Aquinas, wrote very distinguished memorials of his talent, by which he made his name known. Of these many volumes are extant: On the Sentences, 4 books. And various sermons, 1 book. And certain other works. He flourished under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1415.

Henry of Coesfeld, by nation a German, of the Carthusian Order, prior of the house of St. Mary near Mount St. Gertrude in Holland, a man most learned in divine scriptures, devout in life and conduct, of great reputation, subtle in intellect, clearer in speech, and also a very celebrated declaimer of sermons, wrote many excellent volumes, the frequent reading of which is judged useful for devout brothers who love their salvation. Of these the following are reported: On Exodus Mystically, 1 book. On Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, 1 book. On the Three Substantial Vows, 1 book. Do Not Love the World. Against the Vice of Possession, 1 book. On the Annunciation of the Lord, 1 book. A Eulogy of Paul the Hermit, 1 book. The Mystical Circumcisorium, 1 book. On the Sacrament of the Altar, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And several other works.

The work of William, bishop of Paris, On the Bodily and Incorporeal or Spiritual Universe, which surveys it with wonderful industry, he beautifully brought to a conclusion in a brief compendium. He died in the house of the Valley of Grace near Bruges, beneficially occupied in the act of visitation, in the times of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 140[unclear], in the seventh indiction, on the Ides of July.

Henry [unclear]

283 On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Henry of Hachenburg, of the Order of Friars Preachers, by nation a German, a man magnificently exercised and well instructed in divine writings, of excellent talent and very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, wrote volumes not to be rejected for the guidance of simple priests. Of these there are extant: Sermons on the Temporal Cycle, 1 book. “I shall come and heal.” Sermons on the Saints, 2 books. He flourished, as his associates report, in the convent at Koblenz, where he composed various works.

[unclear] Jordanus, of the Order of the Friars of St. Augustine of the Hermitage, by nation a German, a devout man and an excellent expounder and interpreter of the divine scriptures, of most excellent talent in delivering sermons, wrote several elegant and devout treatises useful to the brothers, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Of these, however, few have come into our hands. The following are reported: On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. An Apology for His Order, 1 book. On the Passion of the Lord: “Look and do according to...” Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. A Lenten Book: “Behold, he will give to his voice...” Various Questions, 2 books. And many other works. He flourished under King Rupert, in the year of the Lord 1410.

[unclear] Peter, bishop of Novigrad, by nation an Italian, from the town of Bruniquellus, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man most learned in divine scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, published several useful little works, by which, through his magnificently exercised talent, he commended his memory to posterity. Of these the following are reported: A certain notable work, in which he arranged all the histories of the New and Old Testament in alphabetical order and disposed them according to individual subjects. On the Sentences, 1 book. On the Proverbs of Solomon, 2 books. Also on Ecclesiastes, 2 books. On the Song of Songs, 2 books. And many other works. Moreover, he is said to have adorned almost the whole Bible with excellent commentaries. He flourished under Rupert, king of the Romans, in the year 1410.

Lau

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Laurentius Justinianus, a Venetian by nation, of the Celestine order, and learned, distinguished in character and life, although he could have had the very greatest riches and honors of this world, despising all things for the love of Christ, entered the aforesaid order. In it, shining with great religious devotion and abstinence, he published, for the edification of the simple, very devout little works, whose titles are given below:

The Tree of Life, 1 book. On Monastic Discipline, 1 book. On the Marriage of the Word and the Soul, 1 book. On the Agony of Christ, 1 book. On the Interior [Conflict?], 1 book. On the Lamentation of the Church, 1 book. On the Sacrament of the Altar, 1 book. On the Solitary Life, 1 book. On Contempt of the World, 1 book. On the Lord's Sermon at Supper, 1 book. On the Pastoral Office, 1 book. On Obedience also, 1 book. On the Degrees of Perfection, 1 book. Forty Sermons, 1 book.

He flourished in the time of Rupert, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1410. He is buried at Venice in the cathedral church, at whose tomb many miracles are divinely performed. Bernardus Justinianus, his nephew, wrote his life lucidly.

Augustinus of Rome, of the order of the Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, prior general, a man most devoted to the divine scriptures and very learned, and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in talent and renowned in eloquence, wrote many excellent volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there are extant:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On all the Epistles of Paul, 14 books. On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. On Free Will, 1 book. On Original Sin, 1 book. On Christ and the Church, 1 book. On the Charity of Christ toward the Elect, 1 book. On the Perfect Justice of the Church, 1 book. On the Power of the Pope, 1 book. On the Books of the Ethics, 8 books.

He is said to have written many other things besides, but they have not come to my knowledge. He flourished in the time of the emperor Sigismund and Pope John XXIII, in the year of the Lord 1410.

Baldus of Perugia, once the hearer and disciple of Bartolus de Saxoferrato, the most celebrated jurist of all his time, and also nobly learned in secular philosophy, sharp in talent, profound in judgment, cautious and steadfast in counsel, wrote many distinguished little works in both laws, by which he obtained for his name everlasting memory among posterity.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Among their number the following are given:

On the Codex, 9 books. On the Old Digest, 14 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On the Institutes, 4 books. On the Use of Fiefs, 1 book. On the Authentics, 1 book. On the Second Book of the Decretals, 1 book. Additions to the Speculum, 1 book. Many Consilia, 1 book. And several other things.

He died in the time of the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1423, in the first indiction, and was buried with honor at Pavia, in the convent of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, in the month of July.

Angelus of Perugia, brother of the aforesaid Baldus and companion and associate in his studies, most learned in civil law, renowned in talent, most celebrated in fame and reputation among jurists, also composed many volumes in his faculty. By establishing monuments of excellent talent through them, he destined the memory of his name for the knowledge of many. Among their number the following most elegant commentaries are given:

On the Codex, 9 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 12 books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On the Institutes, 4 books.

Indeed he is said to have worked through the whole body of civil law, and certain other things as well. He died in the time of the emperor Sigismund, in the same year as Baldus his brother, in the year of the Lord 1423, in the first indiction.

[Unclear], formerly a hearer of Perusinus, a man most skilled in both laws and not ignorant of Aristotelian philosophy, who, although he had been bound by the tie of a wife and occupied with family affairs, nevertheless was always engaged in the study of letters, published many little works in both laws, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Among their number are given:

On the Decretals, 5 books. On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, 1 book. On the Clementines, 1 book. On the Rules of Law, 1 book. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, 1 book. Several Consilia, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the time of the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1410, the compater of Franciscus de Zabarellis.

Vincentius Gruner, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, renowned in talent, scholastic in speech, published little works of reading not to be despised, by which he [unclear] his name with glory to the knowledge of later

The Abbot of Spanheim.

sent. Of these there survives a notable lecture, which he publicly wrote and read before the scholars at the new foundation of the Leipzig academy:

On the Office of the Mass, 3 books, “To the honor of the blessed ...” Disputed Questions, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished at the time of the transfer of the University of Prague to Leipzig, in the province of the margraviate of Meissen; Alexander V, pope, confirming it, endowed it with privileges in the year of the Lord 1410.

Johannes de Aurbach, a German by nationality, priest of the church of Bamberg, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, distinguished in talent, scholastic in speech, published little works of no slight authority, by which he preserved the memory of his name for posterity. Of these I have seen only the distinguished work:

On the Sacraments of the Church, 1 book, “To the praise of God, of souls ...”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished in the city of Bamberg and wrote various little works.

Dionysius de Burgo sancti sepulchri, of the order of the hermit brothers of the divine father Augustine, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, subtle in talent and eloquent in an accomplished style, wrote little works not to be despised in each branch of literature, by which he left to posterity lasting monuments of his talent. Among them the following are reported:

Very beautiful and elegant commentaries: On Valerius Maximus, 1 book. On the Metamorphoses, 1 book. On the works of Virgil, 1 book. On the tragedies of Seneca, 1 book. On the Politics, 1 book. On the Rhetoric, 1 book. And certain other works.

Moreover he reduced all fables to a pleasing tropological sense.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1412.

Petrus de Aliaco, bishop of Cambrai and cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, formerly chancellor of the Paris academy, teacher of Johannes de Gerson, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular letters, especially in Aristotelian philosophy, excellent in talent and distinguished in eloquence, and also an outstanding declaimer of sermons, wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he left to posterity the memory of his name and talent. Of these I have found the following:

On the Sentences, 2 books, “What doctrine is this ...” On the Praise of Holy Scripture, 1 book, “Upon this rock I shall build ...” On the Beginning of Mark, 1 book, “What doctrine is this ...” On the [unclear] of the Church, 3 books, “Whether the church of Peter ...”

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Mirror of Consideration, 3 books. Compendium of Contemplation, 3 books. On the Spiritual Ladder, 1 book. Briefly on the Psalter, 1 book. Meditations on Psalm 70, 1 book. On Laws and Sects, 1 book. On a General Council, 1 book. Exposition of Psalm 70, 1 book. Meditations on Psalm 42, 1 book. On the Song of Songs, 1 book. On the Seven Penitential Psalms, 1 book. On the Lord’s Prayer, 1 book. On the Same Anagogically, 1 book. On the Ave Maria, 1 book. On the Magnificat, 1 book. On the Canticle of Zacharias, 1 book. On the Canticle of Simeon, 1 book. On the Election of the Pope, 1 book. On Spiritual Exercise, 1 book. On the Twelve Honors of Saint Joseph, 1 book. On the Soul and Its Accidents, 1 book. Concord of Theology and Astronomy, 2 books. On the Sacraments of the Church, 1 book. Various Sermons, 1 book. Several Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished at the time of the Council of Constance, at which he was also personally present, in the year of the Lord 1416.

Nicolaus Clemengis, archdeacon of Bayeux, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, nobly instructed in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, having obtained the mastership of sacred page in the Paris academy, gave great evidence of his learning. He wrote many distinguished volumes in both styles, by which he left the memory of his most brilliant talent. Among them the following are reported:

To the lord Petrus de Aliaco, bishop of Cambrai, the aforesaid cardinal, a notable work which he entitled:

On the Fruit of the Hermitage, 1 book. On the Corrupt State of the Church, 1 book. On New Feast Days, 1 book. On the Matter of the Schism, 1 book.

Letters

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Letters to various persons, one book. And many other things. He flourished in the times of the emperor Sigismund and of the Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1417.

John Dominici, cardinal of the title of Saint Sixtus, commonly called Ragusan, a Florentine by birth, of the Order of Friars Preachers, who was sent by Pope Gregory XII by provision to the Council of Constance, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, of excellent talent in delivering sermons to the people, wrote certain distinguished volumes by which he made his name known to posterity. Among them the following are reported:

On Ecclesiastes, one book. On the Song of Songs, one book. On the Gospel of Matthew, one book. On the Magnificat, one book. On the Epistle to the Romans, one book. Entitled Lucula noctis, one book. Itinerary of Devotion, one book. On the Love of Charity, one book. “If I speak with the tongues of men” Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. Sermons through Lent, one book. “Blessed is the man who has not gone away” And certain other things.

He died in the Council of Constance under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1418, in the second indiction.

John, bishop of [Lombaria?], a German by nation, a native of Basel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently trained in secular philosophy, outstanding in talent and renowned for eloquence, a very celebrated deliverer of sermons, produced little works of reading not to be despised, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. Of their number the principal are reported:

On the Sentences, one book. Various sermons, one book. And certain other things.

Besides this, he is said to have delivered many speeches and conferences to the clergy, and also before the supreme pontiff and the assembly of cardinals, which I have not seen.

John Zacharias, a German by nation, a native of Erfurt, a man very studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, also an excellent interpreter of secular philosophy, subtle in talent, a most acute disputant, very suitable in delivering sermons both to the clergy and to the people, wrote certain distinguished little works by which he made his name known. Among them are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. On Genesis, one book. On Exodus, one book. On Leviticus, one book. On the epistles of Paul, fourteen books. Various sermons, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under the emperor Sigismund, and in the Council of Constance was magnificently praised for disputing against the heretics, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Antonio de Butrio, an Italian by nation, a native of Bologna, easily the most celebrated jurist of all in his time, and excellently learned in other writings, both divine and human, renowned in talent and eloquence, and venerable no less for honorable conduct than for learning, published several little works in law, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Among their number the following are reported:

On the Decretals, five books. On the Clementines, one book. Repertory of Canon Law, one book. Repertory of Civil Law, one book. Most elegant Counsels, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Sigismund and of the general Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1417.

Gabriel of Spoleto, of the Order of Hermit Friars of Saint Augustine, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, excellent in talent and an outstanding deliverer of sermons, wrote some commendable little works, by which he showed also to posterity the knowledge of his lively talent. But I have not deserved to see any of them up to now. Nevertheless, the principal works of his are reported:

Against the Heretics, one book. Against the Fraticelli, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the times of the Council of Constance and of the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1417.

Francesco Zabarella, a Paduan by nation, cardinal priest of the Roman Church, a man most learned in canon law, and nobly trained both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, subtle in talent and renowned for eloquence, wrote in law little works not to be scorned, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

is made. Of their number the following are reported:

On the Decretals, one book. On the Clementines, one book. “That nothing new is [unclear].” On the canonical hours, one book. “About to repeat the decretal.” Various repetitions. And many other things.

He flourished at the Council of Constance under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1418. There also he died, and was buried among the Friars Minor. In his praise Poggio delivered an oration.

Peter Maurocenus, a Venetian patrician, bishop-cardinal of the sacrosanct Roman Church, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and in canon law, and not ignorant of secular letters, is known to have fashioned, by his excellent talent, many excellent little works, in which the liveliness of his intellect shines forth. But I have not deserved to see any of them up to the present. There is reported as his notable volume:

On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, one book. And various determinations.

He flourished in person at the Council of Constance, under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1413.

Nicholas of Dinkelsbuhl, German by birth, ornament and rector of the University of Vienna in Austria, most learned in the holy Scriptures, very erudite in secular philosophy, distinguished in talent, scholastic in discourse, outstanding in life and conduct, wrote many excellent volumes, by which he transmits his name to posterity with glory. Of their number the following are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. Questions on the Sentences, one book. On the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, one book. “It is written in Matthew 22.” On the Ten Commandments, one book. “If you ask the Father for anything.” On the Lord’s Prayer. “In the Gospel which is read.” On the eight beatitudes, one book. “Next it must be said.” On the three parts of penance, one book. “There are two commandments of charity.” Sermons on the season, one book. “It should be noted that, as is said.” one book. “Consequently it must be said.” one book. “There are two commandments of charity.” one book. Ser- one book. “Consequently it must be said.” one book. “It should be noted that, as is said.” one book. On sins of the tongue. one book. “Which are the commandments of charity.” one book. And on mortal sins. one book. “Which are the commandments of charity.” one book. And on all the capital vices. one book. “Which are the constant commandments.” one book. And on every mortal sin. one book. “Which are many times commandments.” one book. And on the four virtues. one book. “Which are many commandments.” one book. And on all good things. one book. “Which are very many commandment-.” one book. And on pathetic blessedness. one book. “Which are dangers and peniten-.” one book. And on grace and merit. one book. “Which are exhortations and.” one book. And on fidelity and the word-. one book. “Which are teachings and [unclear].” one book. And on penance and indulgence. one book. “Which are commandments and confe-.” one book. And on charity and justice. one book. “Which are examples and admoni-.” one book. And on mortal sin and di-. one book. “Which are sermons and prayers.” one book. And on spiritual sin and in-. one book. “Which are virtues and vices.” one book. And on confession and penan-. one book. “Which are sacraments and all [unclear].” one book. And on purification and salvo-. one book. “Which are virtues and defects.” one book. And on indulgence and grace. one book. “Which are many times commandment-.” one book. And on blessedness and virtue. one book. “Which are many exhortatio-.” one book. And on merit and grace. one book. “Which are teachings and [unclear].” one book. And on penance and indulgen-. one book. “Which are dangers and pene-.” one book. And on charities and justice. one book. “Which are examples and admoni-.” one book. And on mortal sins and di-. one book. “Which are examples and admo-.” one book. And on spiritual sin and in-. one book. “Which are virtues and defec-.” one book. And on confession and penance. one book. “Which are sacraments and all-.” one book. And on purification and salvo-. one book. “Which are virtues and defectio-.” one book. And on indulgence and grace.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Sermons on the saints, one book. Moral sermons, one book. And many other works.

He was personally prominent at the Council of Constance, having been sent by the University of Vienna, under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Peter of Rosenheim, a monk of the monastery of Melk in Austria, of the Order of St. Benedict, German by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and magnificently instructed in secular letters, an outstanding philosopher and poet, ready and distinguished in talent, produced both in verse and in prose little works not to be cast aside, in which he properly exercised his talent. Among these there is extant a metrical work which he wrote, at the urging and request of Nicholas [Dinkelsbuhl?], to Lord Branda, cardinal of St. Clement, apostolic legate in Austria, on the chapters of the whole Bible, which he entitled

The Rosy Memorial of Divine Things, one book. The star-ruling [one], heaven, earth...

A Notable History of the Times, one book.

Various Sermons, one book.

He flourished in the time of the Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1420, and composed many and various works.

Raphael Fulgosius, from Piacenza by nation, a man most learned in both laws and well instructed in the precepts of secular philosophy, excellent in talent, cautious and steadfast in counsel, produced certain distinguished volumes in civil law, by which he displayed the force and liveliness of his talent even to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

On the Code, nine books. On the Old Digest, twenty-four books.

On the New Digest, twelve books. Many Legal Opinions, one book.

And certain other works.

He flourished in the time of the Council of Constance and of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1416.

John of Palomar, archdeacon of the church of Barcelona, an eminent doctor of the Decrees, and nobly learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, distinguished in life and conduct, produced little works of reading not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among these there is extant a distinguished treatise to John, abbot of the monastery of the Scots of the Order of St. Benedict at Vienna:

On Abstinence from Meat, one book. The sons will rise in judgment...

Sermons and Questions.

The rest that he composed have by no means come to the knowledge of my reading.

The Abbot of Spanheim

He flourished at the university of Vienna in Austria, and composed many works in the time of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Raphael Cumanus, eminent professor of civil law and a very celebrated interpreter, excellent in talent and outstanding in counsel, whose authority among jurists is by no means slight, wrote in that faculty certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

On the Code, nine books. On the Old Digest, twenty-four books.

Also Legal Opinions, one book. And several other works.

He flourished under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1416.

John of Teneramunda, a man zealous and very learned in the divine Scriptures, devout in life and conduct, distinguished in talent, ordered in speech, produced very useful little works for the edification of religious brothers, by which he instructed not only those then present, but also those who would come after him, in the love of God. And they are these:

On the Knowledge of God, one book. On the Nature and Fall of Man, one book.

On the Restoration of the Fallen, one book. On the Love of God, one book.

On the Joy of Man, one book. On the Sacrament of the Altar, one book.

On the Christian Faith, one book. On the Honor of God, one book.

On the Conception of Saint Mary, one book.

He also elegantly composed many other works, which have not come to my knowledge.

Gasparinus, a very celebrated grammarian, from Bergamo by native place, born in the little village of Barzizza, a man most learned in secular letters, a most outstanding philosopher and rhetorician, subtle in talent, eloquent in speech, who called back from the dead the elegance of Latin speech, half-dead as it was: he wrote many distinguished little works in that faculty, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Among these there are extant:

On Orthography, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, one book. I rejoice very greatly and [am glad]...

Various Orations, one book.

On the Letters of Cicero, one book.

On the same author’s On Duties, one book.

On the same author’s On the Orator, one book.

On the same author’s On Old Age, one book.

And certain other works.

He flourished in the time of the Council of Constance and of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1430.

298 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Antonius of Genoa, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, and a professor and very celebrated interpreter of canon law, outstanding in ability and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain small works of reading not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name with praise to posterity. But I have not had the privilege of seeing any of them, except that which is entitled: Compendium of Moral Figures, one book. The rest have not come to me. “To religious men [in Christ?]...”

He flourished in person at the general Council of Constance, under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1418.

Johannes de Mola, by homeland a Bolognese, a very celebrated doctor of both laws, excellent in ability and distinguished in eloquence, whose learning and eloquence in his time splendidly illuminated all Italy, is said to have published many distinguished volumes in both laws, whose authority is extolled with the highest praises among the professors of this faculty. Among these the following are reported first:

On the Three Books of the Decretals, one book.

On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, one book.

On the ff. Infortiatum, fourteen books.

On the ff. Novum: “Before we come to...”

And certain others.

He died at Bologna in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1435, indiction 14.

Antonius of Parma, prior general of the Camaldolese Order, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, excellent in ability, composed in speech, sufficiently fit in delivering sermons to the people, wrote for the direction of preachers of the word of God several distinguished small works, by which he made his name known. Of these the chief are reported:

Sermons on the Season, one book. “When he had drawn near...”

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Sermons through Lent, one book.

And certain others.

He was present in person at the Council of Constance, under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Leonardo Aretino, an eminent philosopher, orator, and historian, a man in every respect most learned, skilled in Greek and Latin speech,

The Abbot of Sponheim.

[Leonardus Aretinus?], first secretary to Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Alexander V, and John XXIII, Roman pontiffs, down to the Council of Constance, and then summoned by the Florentine senate, was appointed general chancellor; in that office he remained until the end of his life with great fidelity and authority. Among other things he wrote an outstanding work of Dialogues, 1 book; A History of His Own Time; On the Good Deeds of the Florentines, 2 books; On the Praises of Florence; A History of the Goths, 4 books; A History of the Punic War, 2 books; The Life of Aristotle, 1 book; On the Life of Cicero, 1 book; A Volume of Letters, 1 book.

He also composed some other works most elegantly, which have not come to my knowledge. Moreover he translated many things from Greek into Latin: namely, the treatise of the blessed priest Basil On the Instruction of Pupils; also, from Plutarch, the lives of Tiberius and Gracchus among the Greeks, and of Paulus Aemilius, Cato the Younger, and Sertorius among the Romans. He likewise translated Xenophon’s little book On the Tyrant, Plato’s Gorgias and Phaedo, and certain letters, Aristotle’s Economics, and the books of the Ethics and Politics. And other things which have not come to me.

He flourished in person at the Council of Constance under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420. He died, however, under Frederick III as emperor and Eugene IV as pope, in the year of the Lord 1443, in the sixth indiction, on the seventh Ides of March, in about the seventy-fourth year of his age.

Poggio the Florentine, a philosopher and eloquent orator, perfectly trained in Greek and Latin speech, and for many years a most eloquent writer of apostolic letters, is said to have composed some little works of excellent talent, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Lorenzo Valla was this Poggio’s most bitter rival, and wrote various things against him. He himself published: On the Situation of the Region of India, 1 book; Against Lorenzo Valla, 2 books; Letters to Various Persons, 1 book; Various Orations, 1 book; and many other things.

He rendered Dionysius Siculus and many other Greek authors into Latin. Moreover, at the Council of Constance he delivered very many funeral orations. The filthy work which he entitled Facetiae I have judged rightly to be excluded from this catalogue of illustrious men, since the reading of it offends the devout, harms the unwary, and infects the carnal.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

He flourished in person at the Council of Constance under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Lorenzo Valla, a Roman patrician, by far the foremost of the grammarians of this age, a most outstanding philosopher, orator, and theologian, subtle in intellect, sharp, and vehement, who, preferring Latin eloquence to Greek, composed many works for its adornment, and, being most skilled in Greek and Latin speech, published little works not to be despised in reading, by which he transmitted his name with praise to the knowledge of posterity. Among these the following are reported: Elegances, 6 books; On the Reciprocity of sui and suus, 1 book; A Book of Many Letters, 1 book; also On Quintilian, 12 books; Dialectic, 1 book; Panegyric On the True Good, [unclear] books; On Free Will, 1 book; Apologue against Poggio, [unclear] book; Against Antonio da Rho, 1 book; and many other things.

“When often with me the elders,” 1 book. “You alone, Johannes,” 1 book. “When I was undertaking, Paul,” 1 book. “I would very much wish, Garzia,” 1 book. “I hear that Poggio another,” 1 book.

He translated into Latin Homer, Thucydides, and several others.

He flourished in person at the Council of Constance under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1429. Concerning him someone says as follows: What did that most biting censor of the Latin language, Lorenzo Valla, beget for himself by his dreadful and exacting reproof? What praise, I ask, did he obtain after death other than that, according to his merits, that fine epigram about him is read and proclaimed everywhere?

Now after Valla, dead, sought the shades, Pluto does not dare to speak Latin words. Jupiter would have deemed him worthy of heaven’s honor, But he himself fears him as censor of his tongue.

What he thought about the Donation of Constantine, by which Constantine endowed the Roman church, his book beautifully shows; would that so great a man had never published it.

Giovanni Tortelli, by nation an Aretine, a very close friend of Lorenzo Valla, to whom Valla wrote the six books of the Elegances of the Latin Language; subdeacon and chamberlain of the Roman pontiff, and afterward companion of Pope Nicholas and an intimate associate of his studies,

The Abbot of Sponheim.

a count, perfectly trained in Greek and Latin letters, a very celebrated philosopher, rhetorician, and theologian. Among other little works of his talent he wrote a large and distinguished volume, which he entitled Commentaries on Grammar, one book.

Also On Dialectic, one book.

He published various letters, one book.

And many other things.

He translated the Life of Athanasius of Alexandria into Latin for Pope Eugenius, and rendered the historian Appian word for word. And other things.

He flourished under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Hermann Petra of Stutdorp, of the Carthusian order, a German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, devout in life and conduct, vicar and rector of the house of nuns of his order, of Saint Anne near Bruges in Flanders, where for twenty-nine years he was distinguished by much religion and learning, wrote certain devout little works of his talent. Of these the following are reported: a notable work divided into six volumes over the cycle of the year, containing

Sermons on the Season, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Fifty sermons On the Lord’s Prayer, one book.

On the Governance of Nuns, one book.

And very many other things.

He died under the emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1428, on the ninth day before the Kalends of May, in the sixth indiction.

[Guarinus Veronensis?], perfectly trained in Greek and Latin eloquence, the most celebrated philosopher and rhetorician of all in his time, once at Venice a pupil of Manuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople, who brought Greek letters back into Italy, wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he left the memory of himself to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On Cicero’s Orator, one book. “How much of Cicero’s ora-” [unclear] “In explaining this au-” [unclear]

On the Poet Lucan, one book.

On Quintilian, one book.

In Praise of Eloquence, one book. “How much admiration” [unclear]

Many orations.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

And he published very many other things, which have not yet come into our hands.

He flourished under the emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Henry of Hesse the Younger, of the Carthusian order, prior of the house of the monks of Mary, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, published many very elegant volumes, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity; and he publicly lectured on many of them in the universities before his entry into religion. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, four books.

On Genesis, one book.

On Exodus, one book.

On the Proverbs of Solomon, one book.

On the Apocalypse of John, one book.

A Dialogue between a Bishop and a Priest, one book.

Useful Sermons, one book.

And certain other things.

He died under the emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1428, in the sixth indiction.

John Gerson, a Frenchman by nation, chancellor of Paris, formerly a disciple of Peter of Ailly, cardinal of Cambrai, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, sure and firm in judgment, cautious in counsel, and a very distinguished interpreter of doubtful matters, outstanding in life and conduct, by far the foremost of the theologians of his time, wrote in verse and prose many most excellent little works, through which his name will always possess immortality among posterity; the reading of them is no less useful than pleasant to devout and religious men. Of these there is extant:

On the Praise of Scribes, one book. “To search the Scriptures”

On the Harmony of the Evangelists, one book. “That the Gospel was brought”

On Ecclesiastical Power, one book. “Ecclesiastical power de-” [unclear]

On the Removability of the Bridegroom, one book. “But the days will come when”

On the Manner of Conducting Oneself in Schism, one book. “For the removal of certain” [unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Unity, one book. “Ecclesiastical unity” [unclear]

On Ecclesiastical Estates, one book. “The peace which all”

On the Manner of Living of the Faithful, one book. “The first rule which”

On Ecclesiastical Defects, one book. “Perhaps it is said to me, Ec-” [unclear]

On schism-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

On the schism, one book. “In the inquiry into truth.” On the general council, one book. “About to provide an occasion.” A trialogue on the schism, two books. “Very often the sublime.” On the marriage of the Church, two books. “There was a marriage in.” What things must necessarily be believed, one book. “A concise declaration.” On various heresies, one book. “A protestation or revocation.” On appeal from the pope, one book. “It is asked whether this.” Against Peter de Luna, fifty articles, one book. “And first it is clear,” etc. Against the same, eight articles, one book. “And first it must be noted.” On the assumption of Christ’s humanity, one book. “Most reverend in Christ.” Two readings on Mark, one book. “As it is written in.” On the literal sense of Scripture, one book. “But he who blasphemes.” Against the heresy of the Bohemians, one book. “About to offer according to himself.” On the proving of spirits, one book. “Test the spirits, whether they are from God.” On the examination of doctrines, one book. “Beware of false prophets.” A trialogue against astrology, one book. “The wisdom which from the Lord God.” On true and false visions, one book. “Lately, in one of the readings.” On the literal sense of Scripture, one book. “The Apostle blames those who.” Against Jacobus Angeli, one book. “Every work of God is [unclear].” On the errors of magic, one book. “When I lately was praising.” Against Matthew Grabon, one book. “To the most reverend in Christ.” Against the flagellants, one book. “The law of Christ says, the law of love.” Moral rules, one book. “Let us now meanwhile act.” On the precepts of the Decalogue, one book. “To Christianity its own [unclear].” On the difference of sins, one book. “He who considers well.” On hearing confessions, one book. “And if the virtue which,” etc. On confession of softness, one book. “A certain master in the [unclear].” Remedies for those who relapse, one book. “Art has this as its own.” On sacramental absolution, one book. “Grace to you and peace, brother.” A dialogue on the power of binding, one book. “When Christ gave.” On indulgences, one book. “Whatever you shall bind.” On four questions, one book. “It is asked whether speaking ill.” On various questions, one book. “Someone recently was doubting.” On contracts, two books. “Those who wish to become rich.” On simony, one book. “On the matter of simony.” On the solicitude of ecclesiastics, one book. “Do not be anxious what.” The testament of the pilgrim, in verse, one book. “Blessed is that servant whom.” One book. “Grace, whose name,” etc. On [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

On nocturnal pollution, one book. “It was doubted by me.” On diurnal pollution, one book. “I wrote some things earlier.” On the chastity of ecclesiastics, one book. “There are eunuchs who made themselves.” On abstinence from meats, one book. “Great and wondrous is.” On the temperance of prelates, one book. “Already in one earlier reading.” On the life of clerics, one book. “Repent, believe.” On humility, one book. “From God it came forth, to God.” One book. “A certain noble man.” On nobility, one book. “King of kings, kindly Jesus.” On the consideration of a prince, one book. “Soldiers in the desert.” A dialogue of two soldiers, one book. “Whatever things have been written.” On the consolation of theology, one book. “A thing [unclear], O Monica.” An apologetic dialogue, one book. “They have been accustomed [to seek] the source.” Josephina, in verse, one book. “Conceived of a virgin.” A centiloquy on concepts, one book. “I baptized you with water.” One book. “He has put down the mighty from.” A centiloquy on impulses, eight books. “Repent, believe.” On mystical theology, one book. “Treating in the readings.” On the same, practical, one book. “To you it has been given to know.” An elucidation of the same, one book. “Grace to you, peace.” On the perfection of religion, one book. “The meditation of my heart.” On the meditation of the heart, one book. “In simplicity of heart.” On simplicity of heart, one book. On direction of the heart, one book. “I will confess to you in uprightness.” On the illumination of the heart, one book. “The kingdom of heaven is like.” Also on the eye, one book. “The disciples rejoiced.” Against faintheartedness, one book. “He who is fainthearted.” On the various temptations of the devil, one book. “To us under the hand of God.” On discretion in exercise, one book. “God wills that there be reason.” On the passions of the soul, one book. “Passion, fervor.” On the perfection of the heart, two books. “You shall love the Lord your God.” On the mountain of contemplation, one book. “Some perhaps will wonder.” On spiritual beggary, one book. “All my poverty, my weakness.” On the value of prayer, one book. “One must always pray.” On the Song of Songs, one book. “We have sung to you, and.” On the Magnificat, twelve [readings?]. “Treating the song of Mary.” A poem on the same, one book. “My soul magnifies.” On the angelic hymn, one book. “Glory to God in the highest.” On the Song of Songs, one book. “I love you, sacred order, dear [unclear].”

Abbot of Spanheim.

On the Marriage of Wisdom, 4 books. “I sought a bride for myself.” On the Twofold Logic, 2 books. “And John was clothed.” To the Rectors of Boys, 1 book. “Allow the little children to come.” Sermons in the Council of Constance, 1 book. “Walk while you have the light [unclear].” Sermons to the Clergy, 1 book. [unclear] Sermons to the People, 1 book. Dialogue on Any Subject, 1 book. Several Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. He also published many other smaller works, indeed, but very useful, of which certain knowledge has not come down to us.

He was personally prominent in the Council of Constance, in which, laboring gloriously for the extirpation of heresies, at last, after it was dissolved, he was deprived of home, country, relatives, friends, dignities, and his own possessions for the defense of the truth, and was sought by many plots. Hence, compelled by necessity, he fled to the city of Lyons, and there after a few years he died, under Emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1429, in the seventh indiction, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, on the fourth day before the Ides of July, and was buried there with honor among the Celestines.

Vincent Ferrer of Valencia, of the Order of Friars Preachers, to whom some letters of John Gerson are extant, a man most learned in the divine scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, devout in morals and conduct, and the most celebrated preacher of sermons of all in his time, shining with miracles while alive and after death, wrote elegant works:

Sermons on the Season, 1 book. “Blessed is he who comes in...” Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. “He is rich toward all who...” Sermons throughout Lent, 1 book. Certain Letters.

He was personally prominent in the Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1418. After his death, because of his frequent miracles, he was canonized by Pope Callistus III, in the year of the Lord 1455, in the third indiction. His feast is in April [unclear].

Boniface Ferrer of Valencia, a Catalan by birth, twenty-fifth prior of the Carthusian Order, brother of the aforesaid Blessed Vincent the Preacher, a man learned in the divine scriptures and an outstanding doctor of canon law, not unlike his holy brother in life and conduct, governed the Grande Chartreuse vigorously by word and example. Among other things he wrote a noteworthy treatise on why few in the Carthusian Order have been canonized and why they do not publicly perform miracles:

To Boniface of the Same Order, 1 book. On the Approbation of the Order, 1 book. Certain Letters. And many other things.

He was prominent in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Lupus of Oliveto, a Spaniard by birth, prior general of the Order of Hermit Monks of Saint Jerome, a man devoted to and learned in the divine scriptures, and an outstanding restorer of his order, wrote several excellent little works by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these are reported:

From the Sayings of Saint Jerome, The Rule of His Order, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And certain other works.

This rule, newly compiled in thirty-three chapters, Martin V confirmed.

He was prominent at the time of the Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Dominic of San Gimignano, a most excellent jurist, and nobly learned both in the divine writers and in the other secular disciplines, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain excellent volumes on canon law, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these there is extant a notable and very celebrated work, divided into two volumes:

On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, 2 books. “Because the first gloss at the end...” And various declarations.

He also wrote a Repertory in law, and commentaries on the second and third books of the Decretals. Counsels in law by the same author.

He flourished at the same time as Paulus de Castro and John of Imola.

The rest, however, which he is said to have composed, have not come to my knowledge.

Paul of Saint Mary, a Jew by birth, a Christian by faith, first bishop of Cartagena and afterward bishop of Burgos in Spain, archchancellor of the king of Castile and Leon, a man most devoted to and very learned in the divine scriptures, and a master of sacred theology, having been converted to the Catholic faith in his mature age, advanced so far in life and doctrine that among all the doctors of Spain he had no equal in his time. He wrote to his son Alfonso de-

THE ABBOT OF SPANHEIM.

the dean of Compostela, doctor of laws, on the Postils of Nicholas of Lyra:

Notable Additions, 1 book. “What do you want for yourself, as one living”

Scrutiny of the Scriptures, 2 books. “Search the Scriptures”

And certain other things.

He flourished, and completed this Scrutiny of his, under Emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugene IV, in the year of the Lord 1454, in the twelfth indiction, in the eighty-first year of his age.

Petrus Paulus Vergerius, by country a Justinopolitan, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned in secular letters, a philosopher and very celebrated rhetorician, perfectly instructed in Greek and Latin speech, once a hearer of Chrysoloras, the Byzantine philosopher teaching Greek letters at Venice, wrote certain distinguished little works of excellent talent, by which he left the memory of himself to posterity. Among these there is extant a notable work, containing, concerning the deeds of the lords of Carrara:

A very beautiful History, 1 book.

On Noble Manners, 1 book.

In Praise of Saint Jerome, 1 book.

And many other things.

He flourished at the Council of Constance, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Maphaeus Vegius, by country a man of Lodi, datary of Pope Martin V, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and outstandingly learned, and very learned in secular letters, a very celebrated orator and poet, and no less distinguished in conduct than in knowledge; through whose care and expense the remains of Saint Monica, mother of Saint Augustine, were translated from Ostia Tiberina to Rome and were laid in a new chapel built at great cost by him, in which he himself also was buried: he wrote, both in meter and in prose, certain distinguished volumes, among which there is extant a very celebrated work, necessary for all religious persons, composed from divine and human literature, addressed to certain sisters, which he entitled:

On Perseverance, 7 books. “Since grave matters often, as happens”

On the Penitential Psalms, 1 book.

In Praise of Saint Monica, 1 book.

The Thirteenth Book of the Aeneid, in heroic verse, 1 book.

Many Epigrams, 1 book.

On Military Affairs,

A Dialogue, which is called Philaletes,

Many Letters.

And very many other things.

ON ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1430.

Johannes Placth, a German by nation, ornament and pillar of the Heidelberg school, a man very learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly instructed in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, distinguished in life and conduct insofar as the secular estate permits, an outstanding teacher in delivering sermons to the people: among other things he wrote a great and notable volume, which he lectured on regularly and publicly in the aforesaid University of Heidelberg:

On the first [unclear] of the Decretals, 1 book. “Venerable fathers”

Against the Bohemians, 1 book. “As the wise man says”

Questions on the Sentences, 1 book.

Several Sermons.

Various Questions.

And certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1439.

Johannes Dieppurg, called de Franckfordia, a German by nation, a doctor of Heidelberg, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, a keen disputant and an outstanding expounder of sermons, formerly chaplain and secretary of Ludwig, duke of Bavaria and count palatine of the Rhine, and often an envoy in many difficult cases: he wrote little works of reading not to be scorned, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

Against the Hussites, 1 book. “When recently in the year of the Lord”

Against the Feymeros, 1 book. “The law of the Lord outwardly [unclear]”

On Contracts, 1 book. “As in the forum of the soul where in”

On Predestination, 1 book. “Glory to God in the highest”

Many Sermons, 1 book.

An Oration before the King of England, 1 book.

An Oration before the Duke of Savoy, 1 book.

An Oration before the King of France, 1 book.

Various Questions, 1 book.

Several Letters,

Diverse Orations.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugene IV, in the year of the Lord 1430.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Raymundus Sebeide, a Spaniard by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine scriptures, and also exceptionally well taught in secular letters, a distinguished doctor of arts and medicine, who by teaching and writing in the university of Toulouse gave great proof of his erudition, is said to have written many excellent little works. Of these I have seen only a large volume, which he had read publicly in the aforesaid university; at its beginning he promises many glorious things, and some applaud themselves concerning the truth of them as though experienced, because he had noted beforehand:

Of Creatures, or On Man, one book.

Disputed Questions, one book.

To the praise and glory [unclear]

The rest are unknown to me.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1450.

Franciscus Barbarus, a Venetian by birth, a disciple in Greek letters of Chrysoloras, the Byzantine philosopher, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine scriptures, a clear philosopher and a supreme orator in both languages, while still a young man wrote certain little works not unworthy of reading, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Among them there is extant a work which he entitled:

On Marriage, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, sixteen books.

And certain other things.

From Plutarch he translated into Latin, for his brother Zacharias, the life of Aristides and of Cato, and of many illustrious men. Likewise also other things.

He died in the times of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Nicholas V, in the year of the Lord 1454, in the second indiction.

Thomas Walden, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, English by nation, and prior general of the English province, a man most learned in the divine writings and nobly taught in Aristotelian philosophy, acute in intellect and quite fit for disputation, distinguished no less in conduct than in knowledge, also an excellent preacher of sermons, and formerly confessor and secretary of Henry V, king of the English, wrote, among the other monuments of his talent, a distinguished work divided into three great volumes against the infamous Wycliffites and Hussite heretics, which Pope Martin V, after examination, confirmed by apostolic authority. This work is entitled:

The Doctrinal of the Church, one book.

Let God arise and let [his enemies] be scattered, three

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Also on the Sentences, 4 books. On the Ethics, 10 books. On the Physics, 8 books. On the book On the Heaven and the World, 4 books. On Generation and Corruption, 2 books. On the Meteorology, 4 books. On the books On the Soul, 4 books.

He says besides that he wrote many other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He died at Rouen, honorably buried in his own convent, under the emperor Sigismund, in the last year of Pope Martin V, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1430, in the eighth indiction, on the third day of the month of November.

Paulus de Castro, a jurist, the most celebrated of all men of his time, a man of great learning and eloquence, who for many years taught civil law gloriously at Siena, Florence, and Padua, having been hired at a public salary, composed many little works on the laws, known and dear to the professors of this faculty; by these he left to posterity the memory of his most famous name. Among them the following are reported:

On the Code, 9 books. On the Old Digest, 24 books. On the New Digest, [unclear] books. On the Infortiatum, 14 books. On the Institutes, 4 books. Most elegant Opinions, 1 book. And several other things.

He died in the times of the emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1437, in the fifteenth indiction.

Ambrosius Florentinus, general abbot of the Camaldolese order, once a pupil of Chrysoloras, the Byzantine philosopher, when he was teaching Greek literature at Venice, a man most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular studies, a most lucid philosopher, rhetorician, and theologian, left to posterity many distinguished monuments of his talent. He was the nuncio and envoy of Pope Eugenius to the Council of Basel, where he delivered a solemn oration on his behalf before the fathers. He wrote a distinguished volume:

Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. Various Orations. And several other things.

He also translated into Latin from Greek the four books of Blessed Dionysius the Areopagite, in a more elegant and easier style; also the original Life of Blessed John Chrysostom, addressed to the emperor Sigismund; likewise Basil On Virginity, addressed to Cardinal Gabriel, afterward Pope Eugenius IV; likewise Laertius On the Life of the Philosophers, addressed to Cosmas de’ Medici. But he also rendered the three books of Saint John Chrysostom to Stagirius, the afflicted monk, in lucid and adorned speech. And several other things still unknown to us.

He also translated Ephrem the Syrian. He himself wrote On the Sacraments; On [unclear] the Holy Spirit.

He flourished in the times of the Councils of Constance and Basel, both of which he adorned by his presence, in the year of the Lord 1430.

Caietanus, by country a Vicentine, a canon of Padua, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, notably instructed in secular letters, a distinguished philosopher and physician, a most celebrated theologian, who publicly taught sacred scholastic letters in the school of Padua, acquired great praise for his learning. He wrote, in both branches of literature, as they report, several little works, by which he left to posterity the memory of his care. Among them these are reported:

On the Physics, 8 books. On the books On the Soul, 4 books. On the book On the Heaven and the World, 4 books. And several other things.

He flourished in the times of the emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1450.

Henricus Gulpen, abbot of the monastery of St. Giles in Nuremberg, of the order of the holy father Benedict, a German by nation, a distinguished jurist, exceptionally learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular philosophy, and no less venerable for his religious way of life than for his knowledge of the Scriptures, whose readiness of talent and prudence in counsel Johannes Nider, having experienced them, commends in his little work On the Ants, wrote elegantly on the seven distinctions:

On Penance, 1 book. On Consecration, 1 book. On the Passion of the Lord, 1 book. And certain other things.

He was personally present at the Council of Constance, when he was still a secular master of arts studying law, in the year of the Lord 1417.

Jacobus Forliviensis, a philosopher and physician of very celebrated reputation, who is considered by many to have far surpassed all professors of philosophy and medicine of his time, distinguished not only for learning but also for experience in curing human illnesses, wrote for those toiling in his faculty very useful little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. The chief of these are reported: On

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the extension of the degrees of forms, one book. On the first [book of] Avicenna's Canon, one book. On the aphorisms of the same, one book. On the Techne also, one book. And certain other things. He flourished in the times of Sigismund, the most Christian emperor, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1430.

Rudolphus of Bruxella, a village of Swabia, German by nation, of the diocese of Speyer, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and notably learned also in secular philosophy, which they call Aristotelian, an eminent professor of sacred theology, who in the Heidelberg school acquired great praises for his learning: in that faculty he wrote works not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity, namely:

Questions on the Sentences, one book. Very useful sermons, one book. Various questions, one book. Several orations to the fathers, one book. Although holy mother And many other things. He flourished in the Heidelberg school at the time of the Council of Basel and thereafter, in the year of the Lord 1430.

Hugo of Siena, Italian by nation, a man very learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a distinguished philosopher and very celebrated physician, excellent in talent and outstanding in eloquence, wrote volumes in medicine not to be lightly esteemed by students, by which he left to posterity the memory of his name. Among these the following are reported:

On the first [book] of Avicenna, one book. On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, one book. On the Techne of Galen, one book. And many other things. He flourished in the times of the Council of Basel and of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1450.

Henricus de Gauda, German by nation, magnificently learned in the holy Scriptures, subtle in talent and a very acute disputant of scholastic questions, in the Heidelberg school, both by reading, by teaching, and also by composing, easily held first place in his time. He wrote certain excellent works of his talent, of which only a few have so far come to my knowledge.

On the book of the Sentences, one book. A fountain of gardens, a well On celebration, one book. Pray

The Abbot of Sponheim

Various orations. Disputed questions. And certain other things. He flourished in the times of the Council of Basel and of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1435.

Santes de Arduinis, born from the city of Pesaro, a man most learned in philosophy and medicine, and most experienced in healing human bodies, held in great esteem among the Venetians in his time, published certain excellent works of this faculty, by which he destined the memory of his most celebrated name for the knowledge of posterity. Among these there exists a notable work on all natural and artificial poisons, one book. On smelling also, one book. On procreation, one book. And certain other things. He flourished under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Nicolaus de Susato, German by nation, a very celebrated doctor of sacred theology, and most learned both in secular philosophy and in the divine Scriptures, held in esteem by Ludovicus, duke of Bavaria and count palatine of the Rhine, and in the Council of Constance joined with the other cardinals from the German nation for electing the supreme pontiff, as is found in the acts of the same council: he wrote several excellent works of his talent, by which he left to posterity the memory of his name. Among these are reported:

Questions on the Sentences, one book. Many sermons, one book. Various questions. And many other things. He flourished in the Council of Constance under Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1417.

Johannes de Marliano, a very celebrated philosopher and physician, excellent in talent, distinguished in experience of this art, and not among the lowest of the physicians of his age, published certain excellent and lucid works both in philosophy and in medicine, the reading and study of which are said to be of no little use to students of these subjects, namely:

On reaction etc., one book. On antiperistasis, one book. And many other things. He flourished in the times of Sigismund, the most Christian emperor, in the year of the Lord 1430.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] Johannes Gritsch, a German by nation, from Basel as his native city, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, sufficiently instructed both in canon law and in secular philosophy, outstanding in ability and distinguished in eloquence, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, wrote works not to be despised for preachers of the word of God, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

Sermons for the Temporal Cycle, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. Sermons for Lent, one book. “When you fast,” etc., [unclear] On the Passion of the Lord, one book. And certain others.

He flourished, as his own people say, in the time of Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1430.

[unclear] Johannes Nider, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in the divine writings, sufficiently learned in scholastic philosophy, of excellent and distinguished ability in delivering sermons to the people, an inquisitor of heretical depravity and a very keen investigator of the little women whom the common people call witches, wrote in plain speech several volumes, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Contracts of Merchants, one book. “Since the office of merchants” On Moral Leprosy, one book. “Once, when we read in Le-” The Law of the Decalogue, for consecrated [unclear] On Ants Morally Treated, five books. “Often traversing those things which” On the Consolation of a Fearful Conscience, one book. “Among the disciplines I found” Mirror of Perfection, one book. Sermons for the Temporal Cycle, one book. “Behold your king,” etc. “Three” Sermons on the Saints. “Come after me,” etc. Lenten Sermons, one book. “Be converted to,” etc. And many other things.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Sigismund, at the Councils of Constance and Basel, in the year of the Lord 1430.

[unclear] Nicolaus Siculus, abbot of [Monacen?], of the Order of Saint Benedict, sprung from the city of Catania, called de Tudeschis, first auditor of the causes of the lord Pope in the Rota, afterward archbishop of Palermo, and finally cardinal of the holy Roman Church, the most celebrated jurist of all, subtle and acute in intellect, ready and firm in counsel, clear and composed in speech, who deservedly is called the lamp of the law, wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he made his name known to posterity; of these the following are reported:

On the Decretum, unfinished, one book. On the Decretals, five books. “Since every reason of the supreme” On the Clementines, one book. For the Council of Basel, one book. “Since the truth of words” Judicial Process, one book. “The peace-making king of all” One Hundred and Four Opinions, one book. “The contingency of the fact is such” Various Disputations, one book. And many other things.

He flourished in person at the Council of Basel, in the year of the Lord 1435. And on behalf of the authority of that council, before the princes at Frankfurt, he publicly read the aforementioned treatise and delivered an elegant oration there.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Ludovicus Pontanus of Rome, an Italian by nation, a very brilliant jurist, and no less devoted to the holy Scriptures than to secular philosophy, excellent in ability, concise and weighty in judgment, published volumes not to be despised for those wishing to make progress in the legal faculty, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of their number I have seen only the work entitled:

Notable Singulars, one book. “The word is understood entirely”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished in the time of the most excellent Emperor Sigismund, in the year of the Lord 1430.

Johannes Noblet, of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, a Frenchman by nation, of the Paris convent and school, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular disciplines, since before entering religion he had been, by art, practice, and profession, a salutary physician of sick bodies, wrote several distinguished little works, of which the following are reported:

On the Sentences, four books. On the Canonical Epistles, seven books. “Noble in the gates is her husband” Centiloquy of Riddles, one book. Various Sermons, one book. And many other things.

In addition, on many books of the Bible he wrote marvelous and elegant commentaries [the text breaks off].

[unclear] are said to have been written, which have by no means come to our knowledge.

Johannes de Ragusio, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, produced certain excellent little works of his ability, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these I have read a well-constructed work addressed to the fathers of the Council of Basel: Against the Hussites, one book, “Most reverend, venerable [fathers?] ...” Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished in person at the Council of Basel, where he publicly delivered the said treatise against the heretics before the fathers, under Emperor Albert, in the year of the Lord 1458.

B

Londus Flavius of Forlì, secretary of Pope Eugene IV, a man skilled in every discipline of the liberal arts, a very celebrated philosopher and rhetorician, and an eminent historiographer, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, and second to none in grace of expression, wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

Three Decades, so entitled.

On the Deeds of the Romans, three books, “Of the Roman empire ...”

On Rome Triumphant, ten books.

On Rome Restored, five books.

On Italy Illustrated, eight books.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

Various Orations, one book.

And several other works.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund, under Pope Eugene IV, in the year of the Lord 1435. He left five sons from a legitimate marriage, cultivators of the liberal arts.

H

Heimericus de Campo, a German by nation, vice-chancellor of the University of Cologne, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and second to none in his time in Aristotelian philosophy, subtle in talent and an outstanding disputant of difficult questions, wrote many excellent little works; nevertheless, few of these have so far come into our hands. He was personally present at the Council of Basel, sent by the University of Cologne, where, at the urging of Master Nicholas of Cusa, later cardinal, he produced Compendium of Questions, one book. Afterward, on several occasions [unclear].

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the Sentences, four books, “As Augustine says in the book ...”

On Being and Essence, one book, “Being and not-being are opposed ...”

Compendium of Divine Things, four books, “In this little work under ...”

Various Questions, one book.

Many Sermons, one book.

On the Authority of the Council, one book.

And several other works.

He flourished at the Council of Basel, where he wrote and disputed much, in the year of the Lord 1438, under Emperor Albert.

Georgius Trapezuntius, apostolic secretary, a man most learned in every respect, a very celebrated philosopher, rhetorician, and poet, who, having been put by Pope Eugene in charge of the public school at Rome, taught rhetoric and poetry for many years and left after him many disciples most skilled in every science, wrote certain excellent volumes, by which he made his name known to posterity. Among these are extant:

A very beautiful Rhetoric, one book.

A singular Dialectic, one book.

On the Orations of Cicero, one book.

Various orations and letters.

And certain other works.

He flourished at Rome in the times of Pope Eugene IV, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1435.

Florianus de S. Petro, an Italian by nation, a native of Bologna, easily the most learned of all men of his time in civil law, and not ignorant of either the divine Scriptures or secular philosophy, sharp in talent, distinguished in eloquence, a subtle disputant and cautious counsellor, wrote in that faculty certain very excellent little works, by which he commended the memory of his very celebrated name to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Code, nine books.

On the Old Digest, twenty-four books.

On the New Digest, twelve books.

On the Infortiatum, fourteen books.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Sigismund and Pope Eugene IV, in the year of the Lord 1435.

Nicolaus Lackman, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis, minister of Saxony, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of Aristotelian philosophy, outstanding in talent and fit for disputation, of excellent reputation in delivering sermons to the people, wrote not without [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear] little works for reading, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these, the following are said to be the more important:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Various Questions, 1 book. Sermons on the Temporale, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And many other works.

He flourished in the time of the Council of Basel, under Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1440.

John of Schoonhoven, a German by nation, of the order of the Canons Regular of St Augustine, from the monastery in Brabant, in the diocese of Cambrai, which is commonly called Groenendaal and in Latin Viridis Vallis, in which John Ruusbroec formerly held the office of prior, was a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, cautious in intellect, composed in speech, and no less distinguished in conduct than in knowledge. He wrote to Simon, his nephew:

A Spiritual Exhortation, 1 book. “Great joy to me” On the Course of a Monk, 1 book. “That to you, dearest” [unclear] On the Progress of a Monk, 1 book. “Fight the good fight” A Defense of John Ruusbroec, 1 book. “When a certain doctor” [unclear] Various Sermons, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And many other works.

He flourished at the time of the Council of Constance, under Emperor Sigismund and Pope Martin V, in the year of the Lord 1420.

Peter de Colle, of the order of the Friars Minor of St Francis, a German by nation, was a man learned in the divine Scriptures, excellently instructed in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, and eloquent and lucid in delivering sermons to the people. He published several volumes for the edification of readers, by which he transmitted the memory of his distinguished name to posterity. Among these there survives a well-arranged work, which he recited before the fathers at the Council of Basel:

On the Authority of a Council, 1 book. “The Church fought many” [unclear] Questions on the Sentences, 1 book. Various Sermons, 1 book. And many other works.

He flourished at the time of the same Council of Basel, at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1440.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Hermann, a monk in Campo, of the Cistercian order in the diocese of Münster, a German by nation and a Westphalian by homeland, was a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and excellently instructed both in canon law and in Aristotelian philosophy, ready in intellect and clear in speech. He wrote several little works of his practiced talent, by which he labored considerably in defense of the Council of Basel. Among these I found a little work that he entitled On Definitive Voices:

In a General Council, 1 book. “Now after very often repeated” [unclear] On the Power of the Pope and of a Council, 1 book. “Blessed Athanasius” Also On Schism, 1 book. On Neutrality, 1 book. Of the rest which he composed, although many are reported, nothing has come down to me.

He flourished at the time of the Council of Basel, in the year of the Lord 1440.

John Gauer, a German by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, lector of sacred Scripture, of the convent of Mainz, was a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and sufficiently capable in delivering sermons to the people. He wrote little works of his practiced talent not to be despised, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there survive:

On the Sentences, 4 books. “To the praise of almighty God” Also On Exodus, 1 book. “The law for the common utility” A Harmony of the Evangelists, 1 book. “Because God sent his Son” Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. A Triple Lenten Work, 3 books. “When you fast, know” [unclear] And many other works.

He flourished in the time of the Council of Basel, under Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1440.

Bernardino, of the order of the Friars Minor, an Italian by nation and from Siena by homeland, was a man learned in the divine Scriptures, the most celebrated preacher of all his time, most holy in life and conduct, inasmuch as both living and dead he shone with countless miracles. He wrote certain little works for the edification of the faithful, by which he also showed the power of his talent to posterity. Of these there survive:

On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. “Blessed [unclear] threefold” On the Eternal Gospel, 1 book. “For I did not come to dissolve the law” On the Christian Religion, 1 book. “Now abide faith, hope” On con-

320 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the conception of St. Mary, one book, “The depths were not yet,” and On the Passion of the Lord, one book. Sermons for the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. And certain other works.

He died at Aquila, a city of Abruzzo, in the reign of the emperor Frederick III, under Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1443, in the sixth indiction, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. And because of frequent miracles he was entered by Pope Nicholas V in the catalogue of the saints, in the year of the Lord 1450, seven years after his death. His feast is celebrated on the twentieth day of the month of May.

Antonius Guainerius, an Italian by nation, from Pavia by homeland, a most celebrated doctor of the art of medicine, and nobly learned in the precepts of the philosophers, excellent in ability and notably distinguished by skill in his profession, wrote in that field of learning certain lucid little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On disease of the stomach, one book. On fever also, one book. On diseases of the groin, one book. On pleurisy, one book. On the womb, one book. On fluxes, one book. On arthritis in the joints, one book. On the sufferings of stone, one book. On the third book of Avicenna, one book. And many other works.

He flourished at the time of the Council of Basel, in the year of the Lord 1440.

Gerardus Stredam, a German by nation, of the Carthusian order, prior of the house of All the Apostles near Liege, a man most devoted to the divine Scriptures and excellently learned through long practice, also venerable in religion, prudence, and authority, wrote for the edification of simple brothers certain little works, of which the following are reported: To the abbot of Saint Adrian of Geraardsbergen,

On pastoral care, one book. On the Ten Commandments, one book. On the Seven Sacraments, one book. Mirror of religious, one book. Dialogue on the virtues, one book. Dialogue on the vices, one book. Sermons for the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. And certain other works.

He died at the beginning of the reign of the emperor Frederick III, under Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1445, in the sixth indiction.

Matthaeus Palmerius, an Italian by nation, a Florentine by homeland, a historian, philosopher, and most eloquent orator, who at the Council of Florence, which Pope Eugenius IV held against the synod of Basel, was counted among the distinguished men, wrote a book full of error concerning the angels; and, stubbornly defending it, he was condemned as a heretic and burned at the city of Corna. Carefully reviewing the Chronicle of Eusebius of Caesarea, he corrected it and, completing it down to the year of the Lord 1448, entitled it to Petrus Cosmas de’ Medici, one book, “Innate in our minds.” Letters to various persons, one book. Various orations also. And certain other works.

He flourished in the times of the Council of Basel and of Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1440.

321 The Abbot of Sponheim

Johannes Ernesti, a German by nation, once the ornament and rector of the school of Heidelberg, learned in the holy Scriptures and rich in his reading of the ancients, subtle in ability, eloquent with singular grace of speech, an outstanding disputant of questions, wrote, as they report, certain distinguished little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with glory to posterity. Of their number the following are reported:

Questions on the Sentences, one book. A question in disputation, one book. Many sermons, one book. An oration on the Nativity of the Lord, one book, “Although of speaking concerning the greatest...” On fasting, to the university, one book, “Most sacred desires...” Many and various orations, one book. And many other works.

He flourished at the time of the Council of Basel, at the beginning of the reign of the emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1440.

Bartholomaeus, of the Carthusian order, prior of the house of Bethlehem in the town of Roermond in Guelders, a German by nation, an acute, devout, and celebrated interpreter of sacred letters, wrote for the edification of his brothers certain distinguished little works, by which he magnificently exercised his ability and left to posterity the memory of his name. Of their number the following are reported:

Exercise of devotion, one book. Sum of vices, one book. On abstinence from meats, one book. On the proclamations of the brothers, one book. On an oath, one book. And certain other works. On rash judgments, one book.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

He died under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1446, in the ninth indiction, on the fourth day before the Ides of July.

Henry of Vuerlis, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor, minister of the province of Cologne, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, excellent in talent and scholastic eloquence, an acute disputant and an outstanding preacher of sermons, composed certain lucid volumes, by which he left the memory of his name to posterity. Of these there is extant the notable work:

On the Sentences, four books. On Ecclesiastical Power, one book. Various Sermons also, one book. And many other things.

He flourished in the times of the Council of Basel and of Pope Eugenius IV, in the year of the Lord 1440.

Andreas of Traiectum, a German by nation, a monk of our monastery of Spanheim, of the Order of Saint Benedict, which is situated within the bounds of the diocese of Mainz, between the Rhine and the Hercynian forest which, called Saonus, extends westward toward Trier, a man certainly studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant also of secular letters, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote, both in verse and in prose, not contemptible little works, of which the following are held:

Soliloquies of a Man to God, one book. “When once the divine [unclear]...” On the Progress of Virtues, one book. “Having gone out perhaps [unclear]...” On the Use of [unclear], one book. “Your fraternity’s [unclear]...” Letters to Various Persons, one book. “Reverend father, recently from...” Various Conferences, one book. “Although among all who wrongly...” Poems and rhythms. And certain other brief works.

He flourished in the aforesaid monastery of Spanheim, before the introduction of the very recent Bursfeld reform, in the year of the Lord 1445.

Antoninus, of the Order of Friars Preacher, archbishop of Florence, an Italian by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular letters, excellent in talent and distinguished in eloquence, famous and of celebrated reputation in preaching sermons to the people, and no less venerable in life and conduct than in learning, wrote many splendid volumes, by which he labored magnificently for the edification of the Church militant. Of these there is extant a great and very celebrated work, divided into four not small volumes, which he entitled Sum[unclear].

The Abbot of Spanheim

Summa of Cases of Conscience, four books. A Vast and Notable Chronicle, three books. Manual for Confessors, one book. On Ecclesiastical Censure, one book. Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. And certain other works.

“How greatly magnified are...” “I shall speak propositions from [unclear]...” “Those searching have failed in [their search?]...”

He died, after many labors in sacred study, not without a reputation for holiness, under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1459, in the seventh indiction, on the sixth day before the Nones of May, and was buried at Saint Mark’s, a convent of his order. He was inserted into the number of the saints by Pope Adrian VI; his feast is kept on the second day of May.

Leonard of Utino, of the Order of Friars Preacher, a man indeed studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, of excellent talent and outstanding reputation in preaching sermons to the people, wrote for the use of preachers certain splendid little works, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported:

Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons on the Saints, one book. “Interpreter of divine things...” On Laws through Lent, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1445.

John of Capistrano, a town in Abruzzo not far from the city of L’Aquila, of the Order of Friars Minor, formerly a disciple of Saint Bernardino of Siena, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently taught in canon law, excellent in talent and distinguished in eloquence, and devout also in life and religious conduct, a very celebrated preacher of the divine word, who by word and example converted many from iniquity, wrote certain little works of no small usefulness, of which few have come down to me:

On Covetousness, three books. “Do not lay up treasures for yourselves...” Against the Hussites, one book. Various Sermons, one book. Some Letters. And certain other works.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1450, and not without a reputation for holiness.

324 On Ecclesiastical Writers [unclear]

Nicholas of Cusa, bishop of Brixen and cardinal priest of the Holy Roman Church of the title of St. Peter ad Vincula, a German by nationality, from the diocese of Trier: a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, easily the foremost of the theologians in his time, and outstandingly learned in secular letters; a very celebrated philosopher, rhetorician, and mathematician; subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech; skilled in three languages, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin; most upright in life and conduct, and singularly devout; a sincere and fervent lover of the salvation of souls. When he was sent as legate into Germany, he did and established many things useful for the reformation of the Church, and especially of our order. He wrote many excellent volumes, of which the following are extant:

On the Vision of God, 1 book. On the Peace of Faith, 1 book. Restoration of the Calendar, 1 book. On Mathematical Complements, 1 book. Sifting of the Alcoran, 3 books. On the Hunt for Wisdom, 1 book. On the Game of the Globe, Mystically, 2 books. Compendium, 1 book. Trialogue on Possest, 1 book. On Mathematical Perfection, 1 book. Against the Bohemians, 1 book. On the Beryl, 1 book. On the Gift of the Father of Lights, 1 book. On Seeking God, 1 book. On Genesis, 1 book. On the Summit of Theory, 4 books. On Learned Ignorance, 3 books. On Conjectures, 2 books. On the Filiation of God, 1 book. On Genesis, 1 book. The Layman, on Wisdom, 4 books. On the Squaring of the Circle, 1 book. On Fortune, 1 book. Directory for the Speculator, 1 book. Sermons for the Whole Year, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And many other works.

I shall now disclose what to you It was from these who among Take, most holy father To the praise of the almighty So great is the power of the highest My purpose is to [unclear] Since I see you at the seat Receive a brief compendium Since to us [unclear] The noble mind is anxious Nicholas, by the mercy Whoever has read those things which in Also already before [unclear] Through your desire that you can I see you with a certain deep He will admire, and rightly Now, such as it is, having been given At last he compelled me Often more delightfully [unclear] A certain poor man comes together You know us three, etc. [unclear]

The Abbot of Sponheim

Near Cusa, the village of his birth, on the banks of the Moselle opposite Ürzig, he built a very famous hospital in honor of St. Nicholas the bishop; he richly endowed it with estates and revenues, and adorned it with many books in every branch of knowledge, Greek, Latin, and others.

He died under Emperor Frederick III in the year of the Lord 1464, in the twelfth indiction, on the eleventh day of the month of August, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He was buried at Rome; his heart was sent to the aforesaid hospital and is buried there in the middle of the choir beneath marble.

Johannes Rode, abbot of the monastery of St. Matthias the Apostle outside the walls of Trier, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a German by nationality, from Trier by homeland: a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, outstandingly learned in canon law, devout in morals and conduct, a very celebrated restorer of regular observance, from whose labor and foundation the most recent Bursfelde reform of our order in Germany began. He once devoted himself to letters in the school of Heidelberg, where, becoming a bachelor of sacred theology and a very learned licentiate of canon law, he seemed already in mind and body to despise the world. Then, having been made a canon of the church of Metz, dean of St. Simeon, and official of the court of Trier, he despised all things for love of Christ and, to everyone’s amazement, entered the Carthusian order outside Trier. After some years he undertook the office of prior, although unwilling and refusing it. But Otto, archbishop of Trier, seeing that this man was learned, experienced, and zealous, had him brought out of the charterhouse by authority of the supreme pontiff and appointed him abbot in the aforesaid monastery; through him he reformed many monasteries in his diocese. He himself also, by authority of the Council of Basel, magnificently extended the reform. He wrote, moreover, for the reformation of monks:

Useful Constitutions, 1 book. Since the divine office which On the Quality of an Abbot, 1 book. Since from on high proceeds every And certain other works.

He died under Emperor Albert and Pope Eugene IV, in the year of the Lord 1439, in the twentieth year of his abbacy, in the second indiction, on the first day of the month of December. He was buried in the said monastery of St. Matthias the Apostle at Trier, before the altar of the protomartyr Stephen, in the right apse of the choir, beneath a stone inscribed with his name.

Varinus of Verona, once a pupil of Chrysoloras the Byzantine philosopher, a man in secular writings [unclear] of all in his time

326 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear], by far most learned, and not ignorant of divine letters, most skilled in Greek and Latin speech; by whose efforts the studies of the liberal arts, which seemed weakened and now almost extinct, were stirred up and recalled into the light. He taught first at Venice, afterwards at Ferrara, and in both places had very celebrated pupils. He wrote to Prince Leonello the work entitled:

On the Difference between a Flatterer and a Friend, one book. Also a brief Grammar, one book. A Comparison of Scipio and Gaius, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. Several Orations, one book. Many poems. And not a few other things.

By order of Pope Nicholas V he translated into Latin Strabo’s Geography, a work no less useful than pleasant. From Plutarch he made Latin versions of the lives of many illustrious men. But he also translated Plutarch himself On the Education of Children, with many other works, most elegantly; these are partly extant.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 1460, in the eighth indiction, on the day before the Nones of December; buried at Ferrara in the convent of the Carmelites, honorably given a marble tomb.

Henry Kalteisen, archbishop of the churches of Nidaros and Caesarea, of the Order of Friars Preachers, German by nation, from Koblenz by homeland, where he also entered the order; first made lector of the sacred palace, preacher of the Holy Cross, and inquisitor of heretical depravity; and afterwards, as we have said, consecrated by apostolic authority as chief bishop of two provinces, he became known as renowned throughout the whole world for his learning and preaching. Since he was a very celebrated doctor of sacred theology, he wrote, among other things, notable works:

Sermons on the Season, one book. Sermons through Lent, one book. On the Magnificat, one book. Various Questions, one book. Conferences to the Clergy. And several other things.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1465, in the thirteenth indiction, on the sixth day before the Nones of October; buried in his own convent at Koblenz.

Jo-

The Abbot of Sponheim

Johannes Bertachinus of Fermo, a very celebrated legal scholar, and singularly devoted to that faculty, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain small works in law, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Among them there is a most famous work, divided into three large volumes, which he compiled very diligently and in fine order with much labor, and entitled:

Repertory of Both Laws, five books. “Princes are wont [unclear] immortal...” Various Questions.

He published besides several other things, which have not come to the knowledge of our reading.

Pope Pius II, Tuscan by nation, Sienese by homeland, previously called Aeneas Silvius, sat in the supreme pontificate after Callixtus III for six years. A man learned in every respect, an outstanding philosopher, orator, and poet, he left many monuments of his talent to posterity. He, poor, served a certain prelate in the Council of Basel for a time. Then, received into the chancery as a scribe, he was created first bishop of Trieste, afterwards of Siena, thereafter cardinal, and finally was elected pope by the votes of all. Concerning his writings, the following are reported, composed with great powers of eloquence:

On the Miseries of Courtiers, one book. “Foolish are those who to kings...” On the Education of Children, one book. “All who to virtue...” Solution of Questions, one book. “Recently there was present at the imperial...” “The city of Siena, whence to you...” Against the Taborites, one book. “Although among the Bohemians...” To Nicholas of Cusa, one book. “It came to me this very...” one book. “About to write some things to you...” On the Faith, to the Turk, one book. “Of the prophet Ezekiel...” On the Expedition against the Turks, one book. “[Heraldus?] of Alphonsus...” To the Bishop of Krakow, one book. “That all things which are perishable...” On the Origin and History of the Bohemians, one book. “It would be well, illustrious man...” Precepts of Rhetoric, one book. “Me, suffering from gout, recently...” Europe, to Cardinal Antonio, one book. Di- On the Foreknowledge of God, one book. “But he was in the city

528 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Dialogue against the Turks, one book. On grammar, one book. An unfinished work of histories, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. On the disaster of Constantinople, [unclear], one book. On the disaster of the universal Church, one book. An oration in the Mantuan assembly, one book. An oration to Pope Calixtus, one book. An oration before the assembly of cardinals, one book. On the deeds done by himself, one book. Various orations. Many epigrams, and certain other most elegant little works, which I have not seen, he is said to have written; by them he made his name known to posterity. He died under Emperor Frederick III, at Ancona, as is said, in the year of the Lord 1464, in the twelfth indiction, on the nineteenth day before the Kalends of September, likewise in the sixty-fourth year of his age; he was buried at Rome in the church of St. Peter, beside the altar of St. Andrew.

L Lanfrancus de Oriano, a very celebrated jurist and not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in talent and renowned for eloquence, wrote in his profession certain volumes not to be despised. By them he transmitted the memory of his talent to posterity, and proved himself in study in many and splendid ways. Of their number the following are extant:

Repetitions, Quoniam contra, De proba., one book. Quoniam contra haec decret... Commentary on the Clementine Saepe, De ver. sig., one book. Ista Clementina in se con... On c. Dispendiosam, De iudi., one book. Non est necesse diuide... Repetition on c. Raynucius, De testa., one book. In textu ubi Raynucius... On the law Admonendi, De iureiu., one book. Haec lex diuiditur in du... On the interpretation of statutes, one book. Pro euidentiori intelle... On law Centurio, De vul. & pu. substi., one book. Famosa est ista lex ha... Repetition on the rubric De cau. pos. & pro., one book. He also published many other works which have not come to notice.

H Henricus Gorrickem, a German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, renowned in talent, scholastic in speech, and an acute disputant, who in the university of Cologne was considered distinguished in his time by lecturing and composing, wrote little works of no contemptible reading, by which he transmitted his name with glory to posterity. Of these there are extant:

103

The Abbot of Sponheim

Conclusions on the Sentences, four books. Cupientes aliquid de p... On superstitions, one book. In lectione... Against the Hussites also, one book. On the celebration of feasts, one book. A summary of St. Thomas, one book. Sermons and conferences, one book. He also published questions, determinations, and moreover various lectures, diverse books, and treatises, which have by no means come to the notice of our reading. He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Pius II, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1460.

Johannes Kanneman, of the Order of Friars Minor, a German by nation, a man learned in the holy Scriptures, not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in talent, renowned for eloquence, was outstanding in delivering sermons to the people. Thinking wrongly about ecclesiastical power, when he was sought by the minister of Saxony for prison, he escaped by flight and fled to the Observantines; thereafter he amended his error along with his life. Johannes de Hagen, the Carthusian, a very learned man, had already reproved him and recalled him to the paths of equity. He wrote:

A defense of himself, one book. Multi famosi viri... Egredimini filiae Sion... On the Passion of the Lord, one book. Various sermons, one book. Certain questions, one book. And many other works. He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 1460.

Jacobus Jüterbuck, a German by nation, of the Order of Carthusians, vicar of the house of Mount St. Saviour near Erfurt, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, renowned in talent, clear in speech, a cautious interpreter of doubtful matters, and also devout in life and conduct, wrote many varied little works, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the jubilee year, one book. On the causes of many sufferings, one book. On the morals of Christians, one book. On the threefold state of human beings, one book. Consolation for the evils of this age, one book. On the manner of observing an interdict, one book. Ad amputandum errores...

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Apologetic for religious, one book. On the cautions of the various states, one book. On the knowledge of secrets, one book. On truth to be spoken or kept silent, one book. On thoughts, one book. On contracts, one book. On the evils of this age, one book. On the obedience of monks, one book. On the art of dying, one book. On the stability of monks, one book. On the restraint of thoughts, one book. A soliloquy of man to the soul, one book. On the art of curing vices, one book. On the seven mortal sins, one book. On the same mental sins, one book. On the power of demons, one book. On the dignity of prelates, one book. On the observance of the commandments, one book. On the Sabbath, one book. On the state of a more secure life, one book. On the direction of intention, one book. On the progress of the spiritual life, one book. On indulgences, one book. Various sermons, one book. Walking, Jesus, beside And many other works.

He died in the times of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1466, in the fourteenth indiction.

Nicolaus Dorbellus, of the order of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, of the province of Tours, a man most learned in the divine scriptures and second to none in scholastic philosophy, distinguished in talent and sufficiently fit for disputing and unraveling questions of the scriptures, wrote certain distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name with glory to the knowledge of posterity; and in the school at Poitiers, both by disputing and by teaching, he earned great praise for his learning. Among his works the following are reported: a distinguished and very celebrated work, and almost divine, pleasant for its singular usefulness,

The Abbot of Sponheim

On the Sentences, four books. On the little summaries of Peter of Spain, seven books. On mathematical science, one book. On Aristotle's Physics, eight books. On On the Heavens and the World, two books. On On Generation and Corruption, two books. On On Generation and Corruption, three books. On the books of the Meteorology, five books. On the books On the Soul, six books. On the books of the Metaphysics, ten books. On the books of the Ethics, twelve books. And certain other works.

He was a profound interpreter and very keen defender of the sayings of John Scotus; expounding philosophy from his writings, and dividing this very work into three parts, mathematical, theological, and ethical, he named it the Compendium.

He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Callixtus III, in the year of the Lord 1455.

Petrus de Unzola, a citizen of Bologna, a very celebrated jurist and well instructed in the disciplines of the liberal arts, outstanding in talent, is said also to have written some other works, but they have not come to my knowledge.

Henricus de Herph, of the order of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, German by nation, of the province of Cologne, a man zealous in the divine scriptures, not ignorant of pontifical law, outstanding in talent and clear in speech, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, to be revered no less for his religious life than for his knowledge of the scriptures, wrote works of not negligible authority, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of their number the following are reported: A large volume. [unclear] On the precepts of the Decalogue, one book. Sermons for the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. Sermons through Advent, two books. Because, as the Wise Man bears witness As the Philosopher says The first part having been completed Nature, here begins the book On generation, here begins On first things, begins the book Of honorable goods The second part having been completed Through the treatise, compendiously, one book. I find another law in Behold, your king comes Rabbi, where do you dwell? Who will be able to think On

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the three parts of penance, one book, “No one can [serve] two lords”; and certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 1460.

Johannes de Turrecremata, of the Order of Preachers, bishop of Sabina, and cardinal priest of the most holy Roman Church, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and an outstanding declaimer of sermons, quick in intellect and clear in speech, wrote many little works of his talent, by which he made his name known. Of these the following are reported. To Arsenius, a monk of the monastery of Saint Benedict, which he himself held in commendam, he composed a great work, and one not to be rejected:

On the Rule of Saint Benedict, one book, “Since, with the help of our Lord”; On the whole Psalter, one book, “To the most blessed father and cle…”; Questions on the Sunday Gospels, one book, “To the holy and most revered…”; Questions on the Gospel readings for the saints, one book; On holy water, one book, “The reverend father recently enjoined me…”; Sermons on the season, one book, “Divine Scripture teaches us…”; Sermons on the saints, one book; and very many other things.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and the supreme pontiffs Pius and Paul, in the year of the Lord 1460.

Johannes of Mechelen, a German by nation, a man trained by long study in the divine Scriptures, not moderately learned in scholastic philosophy, excellent in intellect, distinguished in knowledge, publicly taught theology for many years in the school of Cologne and acquired great praise for his learning. He wrote certain distinguished little works of his talent, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

A notable work on the Sentences, one book; On the Psalter, one book; Various questions, one book; Sermons and collationes, one book; and very many other things.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 146[unclear].

Dionysius Rykel, otherwise de Leuwis, a German by nation, of the Carthusian order, of the house of Bethlehem at Roermond, a man most devoted to the divine Scriptures and skilled through continual exercise; The Abbot of Sponheim skilled also, not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, distinguished in life and conduct, singularly devout, so much so that he was even considered worthy of divine revelations, to whom there are extant several letters of Nicholas of Cusa, a most learned cardinal, wrote so many and such great works that, in number of little works, apart from Augustine, he had no equal among the Latins. He devoted himself to contemplation and prayer with such fervor that one would think he could never have written anything. Again, he was so diligent in writing and reading that one would suppose he could nowhere have been able to pray or contemplate. He slept very little, and his abstinence from food and drink was admirable; after the example of blessed Jerome, he judged it sweet to meditate day and night on the law of the Lord, always either writing something useful or reading, so that sacred reading frequently took its turn.

Of his little works he himself made the following review, in a certain index:

On the Sentences, four books. On Genesis, book 1, “Beloved by God and by men”; book 2, “All the words are just.” On Exodus, book 3, “Honor the Lord from your…”; book 4, “Who among the number of soldiers…” On Numbers, book 5, “Keep the commandments, the law…” On Deuteronomy, book 6, “Mighty in war, Jesus…” On the book of Joshua, book 7, “The judges, each in his own…” On the book of Judges, book 8, “As Saint Jerome witnesses…” On the book of Ruth, book 9, “Kings shall come forth from you…” On the books of Kings, book 10, “God made from one man…” On Ezra, book 11, “The law of truth was in his mouth…” On Nehemiah, book 12, “Nehemiah in memory…” On Tobit, book 13, “He who is inclined to mercy…” On Judith, book 14, “She shall be called woman…” On Esther, book 15, “Like the sun rising in the world…” On the book of Job, book 16, “God said, Solomon…” On the Song of Songs, book 17, “Just as Solomon…” On the book of Wisdom, book 18, “The bridegroom will rejoice over…” On Ecclesiasticus, book 19, “Learn where wisdom is…” On Isaiah the prophet, book 20, “All will marvel at the words…” On Jeremiah, book 21, “Isaiah, a great prophet…” tt ij In li

534 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Book of Baruch, one book. On Ezekiel, [unclear] books. On Daniel, [unclear] books. On the Twelve Prophets, [unclear] books. On the Books of Maccabees, two books. On the Psalter, three books. On Matthew, [unclear] books. On Mark, [unclear] books. On Luke, [unclear] books. On John, [unclear] books. On the Epistles of Paul, [unclear] books. On the Acts of the Apostles, [unclear] books. On the canonical epistles, [unclear] books. On the Apocalypse, [unclear] books. Exposition of hymns, [unclear] books. On the seven penitential Psalms, [unclear] books. On authentic documents, [unclear] books. Exposition of the Mass, [unclear] books. A dialogue on celebration, [unclear] books. On communion, [unclear] books. Compendium of philosophy, [unclear] books. Compendium of theology, [unclear] books. Dialogue of a philosopher and a theologian, [unclear] books. On the book of blessed Dionysius, [unclear] books. On his eleven epistles, [unclear] books. On the book of John Climacus, [unclear] books. On Boethius, On Consolation, [unclear] books. Summary of the parts of St Thomas, [unclear] books. Sermons for the season, [unclear] books. Sermons on the saints, [unclear] books. Sermons to religious, for the season, [unclear] books. To the same, on the saints, [unclear] books. On the [sacrament?], six sermons, [unclear] books. Exposition of the Lord’s Passion, [unclear] books. Meditation on the Lord’s Passion, [unclear] books. On the praises of God, [unclear] books. On the praises of Saint Mary, [unclear] books. On the fountain of salvation and the paths of life, [unclear] books. “The wisdom of all the ancients.” “Judah, your brothers will praise you.” “David, the son of Jesse, said.” “I, like an aqueduct.” “Hear me, [unclear].” “Be filled with the Holy Spirit.” “Let us examine our ways.” “They tell the wisdom of the saints.” “He made a memorial of his wonders.” “Whoever shall have eaten.” “He who presides, with solicitude.” “Wisdom is more precious.” “Buy wine for yourselves.” “The lips of the priest guard.” “Holy brothers, the calling.” “Pure religion is to visit.” “O most excellent God.” “Who is this who comes forth?” “Who is wise, to understand?”

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the light of Christian contemplation, one book. On the beauty of the world, one book. On the nature of the eternal and true God, one book. On the divine essence, one book. On the distance between divine and human perfection, one book. On the happiness of the soul, one book. On the benefit of God, one book. On the mutual recognition of the saints, one book. On the gifts of the Holy Spirit, one book. The aforesaid Cordiale, one book. On the custody of the heart, one book. On joy and internal peace, one book. On the purgative way, one book. A dialogue on the catholic faith, one book. Dialogue of a Christian and a Saracen, one book. Against the Waldensian magi, one book. Against superstitions, one book. On vices and virtues, one book. Against the Saracens, one book. On the gravity of sin, one book. On contempt of the world, one book. On the manner of judging and correcting, one book. On remedies for temptations, one book. The Mirror of the Sinner, one book. On the four last things, one book. On internal reformation, one book. On the particular judgment, one book. On the passions of the soul, one book. On the discernment of spirits, one book. On the progress of charity, one book. On the perfection of charity, one book. An Enkindler of Divine Love, one book. On contemplation, one book. On prayer, one book. On meditation, one book. The Sound of One Feasting, one book. On the manner of conducting processions, one book. “Every procession of secondary things.” “There is one Most High.” “We know that the Son of God has come.” “My soul desires.” “May the Father of glory give you.” “What man will be able.” “Thus God loved the world.” “Beware lest you wish to imitate.” “You shall worship the Lord your God.” “Whoever shall have caused a sinner to turn.” “The kings of the nations lord it over them.” “I will show you.” “A question [unclear] to me.” “The life of man is warfare.” “[He] would turn to the Lord God.” “A nation without counsel, [unclear].” “For all [Christ?] died.” “The first man, from the earth, earthly.” “What the Lord God.” “I have loved wisdom from.” “One must always pray.” “Thoughts [unclear].” “All who believed were [unclear].” “Zeal for your house [unclear].”

356 On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the elevation of the mind to God, one book. On the authority of the pope, one book. On the power and jurisdiction of the pope, one book. On the authority of a council, [unclear] books. On the reformation of the Church, one book. Against simony, one book. “Freely you have received, freely”; “May your money be with you in”; “Let all things be done honorably.” Against the same, one book. On the reformation of cloistered persons, one book. Against plurality of benefices, one book. On the rules of the Christian life, one book. On the reformation of nuns, one book. “A more excellent way for you”; “No one putting his hand”; “Attend to yourselves and to the flock.” On the profession of religious, one book. An exhortatory work for novices, one book. On the life and governance of prelates, one book. “Open to me, my sister”; “The virgin thinks on the things of the Lord.” On the institution of the Carthusian order, one book. On the praises of the same, one book. On the visitation of cloistered persons, one book. “Cursed is the man who does”; “Just as Aristotle”; “Labor like a good soldier.” On the life of nobles, one book. On the office of archdeacons, one book; [unclear] books. On the governance of princes, one book. A dialogue between Christ and a princess, one book. “Jesus embracing the little children”; “Because he loved chastity”; “The Lord God said: It is not”; “How great a multitude”; “Do not commit iniquity.” A dialogue of a legate, one book. On the life of widows, one book. On the life of married persons, one book. A dialogue between Christ and a priest, one book; [unclear] books. On the office of merchants, one book. Against the private property of monks, one book. The Apo-

The Abbot of Spanheim 357

Apocalypse made to him, one book. Letters to princes, one book. Annotations of his own works, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. Three conferences for chapters. “To all princes” “And some other things unseen by us.” “By religious persons some [unclear]”

He died under Frederick, the third emperor, and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1471, in the fourth indiction, on the twelfth day of the month of March. He was buried, not without a great reputation for sanctity, in the common cemetery of the brothers of the aforesaid house of Roermond. Finally, he reduced the books of John Cassian to an easier style for the sake of the simpler brothers; the preface of this work begins thus: “Declaration,” etc.

And these very many and very distinguished works of so great a man were printed for the public use of the Church about twelve years ago at Cologne by various printers, at the instance of the Cologne Charterhouse.

Bessarion, Greek by nation, cardinal of the most holy Roman Church, commonly called the Nicaean, and patriarch of Constantinople, a man most learned in every respect, a philosopher and orator second to none in either language, wrote certain very distinguished volumes of his genius, by which he transmitted his name to posterity with immense glory. Of these, the following are reported: against Mark, bishop of Ephesus, who held erroneous views on the Holy Spirit in the manner of the Greeks at the Council of Florence, he wrote an eminent and very distinguished work, which he entitled Confutation, one book. In that work, “Thus when I wish to remain,” one book. In praise of Plato’s philosophy, five books. Praises of his fatherland, two books. To the Greek emperor, of consolation, three books. Several orations and letters. And certain other things. Against the calumniator of Plato, four books. Whether nature and art act by design, one treatise. On the Eucharist, one book. He translated from Aristotle the fourteen books of the Metaphysics.

He also founded at Venice a notable library, very richly furnished with many books both Greek and Latin, over which Marcus Antonius Sabellicus, a most learned man, was placed at no small stipend; of him we shall speak later.

At length, full of days, he died while on an embassy to France, under Fre-

under Frederick, emperor the third, and Sixtus, pope the fourth, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1473, in the sixth indiction.

Johannes Hagen, otherwise de Indagine, a German by nation, of the Carthusian order, of the house of Saint Salvator near Erfurt, prior in Eisenach and in Stettin, a man most devoted to study in the divine Scriptures and very learned, and an excellent doctor in canon law, distinguished in talent, ready and provident in counsel, wrote in plain style many distinguished volumes to princes, bishops, and other prelates of churches, having been questioned on various and diverse matters; of these I recall that few have come into our hands. For, as I have learned from the writings of a certain devout father of the same order, he published more than three hundred treatises, among all of which the notable work that he entitled:

On the Praise of Poverty, one book. “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for...” On the Life of Religious, one book. “The kingdom of heaven is like...” On the Fall of Religion, one book. “How does the city sit alone...” On the Life of the Young, one book. “I am a little youth...” [unclear], one book. “I am the way, the truth, and...” On Humility and Pride, one book. “All the glory of the king’s daughter...” On Inner Adornment, one book. “Behold, I make new things...” On Access to the New Man, one book. “Not I alone, but grace...” On Grace and Free Will, one book. “The just man shall rebuke me...” On Reproof and the Grace of God, one book. “God saw all the things that he had made...” [unclear], one book. “He who shall have persevered...” On Nature and Grace, one book. “The apostle Paul, vessel of election...” On Perseverance, one book. “Let a man so account us...” On Spirit, Body, and Soul, one book. “Strong as death is love...” On the Commands of Prelates, one book. “In the law of Moses, after many...” On Charity, one book. “Happy the soul which humbled...” On the Love of God, one book. “Great are you, Lord, and worthy of praise...” On Meditation, one book. “In Christ Jesus all...” Against the Errors of the Bohemians, one book. “Most reverend in Christ...” To the Bishops against the Same, one book. “To the most illustrious prince and lord...” To the Margrave of Brandenburg, one book. “Sincere charity in the Lord...” To the University of Erfurt, one book. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, one book. On Avoiding Foreign Doctrines, one book. On the Knowledge of Future Things, one book. On the Vision of Tundal, one book. “Announce what things are to come...” Concerning the Vision of Tundal [unclear].

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the Vision of Daniel, chapter 7, one book. “Inquiry was made concerning the exposition...” On the Apparition of a Certain Deceased Person, one book. “A certain woman brought forward...” On Future Portents, one book. “All things in measure, number...” On the Lament of the Solitary Man, one book. “Who will give water to my head...” On the Crusade against Heretics, one book. “Concerning the crusade which...” On the Removability of the Bridegroom from the Church, one book. “In the name of our Lord Jesus...” On the Time of Schism, one book. “And because beings are unwilling...” On the Authority of the Pope in a Council, one book. “It was doubted and asked...” On Ecclesiastical Power, one book. “In the Gospel of Christ...” On Fraternal Correction, one book. “Likewise inquiry is made [unclear]...” On Little Children Not Baptized, one book. “It was doubted and asked...” On a Judge Judging against Conscience, one book. “It was doubted whether it is permitted...” Against the Flagellants, one book. “In the name of Christ, it begins...” Whether One Is a Religious without Profession, one book. “In the name of Christ, it begins...” On Fasting on Thursday, one book. “It is doubted whether it is lawful...” On Just and Unjust War, one book. “Note, for a just war...” On the Doctrine of the Church, one book. “You are Peter; upon...” On Hearing Masses, one book. “The wise man says, Son, do all things...” [unclear], two books. “In the name of Jesus Christ, in...” On the Spiritual Life, one book. “If we live by the Spirit, by the Spirit...” [unclear], one book. “Why do you think evil...” On the Discernment of Thoughts, one book. “Do penance...” On True and False Penance, one book. “The royal prophet, the psalm...” On the Manner of Confessing, one book. “Confess to one another...” [unclear], one book. “Remember the last things...” On Dedication, five sermons, one book. “In the name of Christ, his...” On the Spiritual Art of Memory, one book. “This is eternal life, that...” On the Four Senses of Scripture, one book. “On the willows in the midst...?” On Contemplation, one book. “Solomon built...” On Interdict, one book. [unclear] To Rudolph, bishop of Lavant, On Communion under Both [Kinds], one book. [unclear] On False Prophets, one book. [unclear], two books. On Communion under Both Species, one book. [unclear], one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. [unclear], [unclear]. Various sermons also, one book. [unclear], [unclear]. On Kings, in the fourfold sense, one book. [unclear], [unclear]. Finally he composed elegant commentaries on many books of the Bible, and other treatises, nearly innumerable solutions of questions, notable ones. He flourished under Frederick, emperor always august, and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 1460.

340 On Ecclesiastical Writers

John, abbot of the monastery of Niuicella, devoted to and learned in the sacred Scriptures, nobly trained in canon law, subtle in intellect, distinguished in eloquence, wrote many different little works of his own, by which he transmitted the memory of his most celebrated name to posterity with glory. Of these the following are extant: an illustrious and distinguished work entitled The Concordance of the Bible of the Canons, one book: “In the beginning God created.”

Sermons on the Temporale, one book: “Look, lift up [your] head.”

Sermons on the Saints, one book: “Having left the nets, [unclear] Peter.”

Letters, Various Questions.

The rest which he composed have not come to the notice of our reading.

Jacob of Gruytrode, a German by nation, of the order of the Carthusians, prior of the house of All the Apostles near Liège, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, devout in the conduct of his life, excellent in intellect, sweet in eloquence, wrote certain distinguished devout little works, the reading of which is not deemed unprofitable for religious persons, lovers of their own salvation. Of these the following are reported:

On True Virtues, three books.

On the Seven Mortal Sins, one book.

On the Four Last Things, one book.

On the Life of the Lord Jesus, one book.

On Preparation before Mass, one book.

On the Definition of the Name Monk, one book.

Meditations on the Passion of the Lord, one book.

A Lectionary for the Table, one book.

Mirror of Prelates, one book: “Eat, friends, [unclear].”

Mirror of Priests, one book.

Mirror of Secular Men, one book.

Mirror of Old Age, one book.

Colloquy of Jesus and the Monk, one book.

Colloquy of Jesus and the Prelate, one book.

Colloquy of Jesus and the Old Man, one book: “Do not be indignant, I pray.”

Colloquy of Jesus and the Hermit, one book.

Colloquy of Jesus and the Disciple, one book.

Contemplation of Saint Mary, one book.

Little Crown of Saint Mary: “You have wounded my heart, [unclear].”

Abbot of Spanheim

Dialogue of the Crucified One and the Sinner, one book.

Dialogue of Mary and the Sinner, one book.

Another Dialogue of Mary and the Sinner, one book.

Meditations on the Compassion of Mary, one book.

On the Name of Jesus and Mary, one book.

Sermons on the Temporale, one book.

Sermons on the Saints, one book.

Letters to Various Persons, one book.

And many other things.

He died most devoutly under Emperor Frederick and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1472, in the fifth indiction, on the day before the Ides of February.

A man devoted to and learned in the sacred Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular letters, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, ready and circumspect in counsel, and distinguished by experience in many matters, wrote certain distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name to posterity with glory. Of these there is extant the very elegant work On the Deeds of the Supreme Pontiffs, one book.

And certain other things.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1477, in the ninth indiction.

William Forleon, a Breton by nation, of the order of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently trained in secular philosophy, distinguished in intellect, scholastic in eloquence, who in the Parisian school, by teaching, by disputing, and also by writing, won great praise for his learning, published certain distinguished little works on the Scriptures. Of these there is extant the very celebrated work On the Sentences, one book; Various Questions, one book.

A hearer and disciple of his was once that most learned man, and easily the foremost of the theologians of our age, Master Stephen called Brulefer, a Frenchman by nation, of the same order, who taught theology in the Paris convent; afterwards betaking himself to the observance of the order at Mainz in Germany, he there began to lecture on the Sentences, which he now continues with praise in the convent at Metz. This William flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

[unclear] Albert—

342 On Ecclesiastical Writers

[unclear]

Albertus de Eyb, a German by nation, canon of the church of Bamberg and chamberlain of Pope Pius II, a man zealous and learned in secular letters, not unacquainted with the divine Scriptures, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, an outstanding rhetorician and poet, wrote little works not unworthy of reading. Of these the following are extant: to lord Johann, duke of Bavaria, bishop of Munster and later primate of Magdeburg, a distinguished work entitled:

The Poetic Pearl, one book. “You have very often desired…” On the Married State also, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. And many other things.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Pius II, in the year of the Lord 1460.

[unclear]

Rodericus, bishop of Zamora, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not unacquainted with secular letters, excellent in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote little works of no contemptible authority for their talent, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of these I have so far seen only one volume, which he entitled:

Mirror of Human Life, one book. “Above all human…” The rest I have not seen.

He flourished in the times of Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Ambrosius Coriolanus, of the order of the hermit friars of St. Augustine, prior general, a Roman by homeland, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and distinguished in knowledge of secular letters, excellent in intellect and eloquent in speech, learned and eloquent, wrote certain notable little works by which he commended his name to immortality. Of these, however, few have come to my knowledge by reading; I have set them below:

On the Rule of Saint Augustine, one book. “From every learned parent…” A Commendation of the Same Rule, one book. “After blessed Augustine…” On the Second Rule, one book. “Keen in intellect, foremost in life…” On the Praises of the Same, one book. “Very often, when in…” Various Orations, one book. “Most blessed father, they have been accustomed…” He also wrote many other things.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

The Abbot of Sponheim

Benedictus Stendel, from the town of Halle in Saxony, a German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and nobly instructed in secular philosophy, excellent in intellect and clear in speech, who for many years gloriously taught theology in the school of Erfurt and shone forth distinguished as much in life as in doctrine, wrote certain little works not unworthy of reading. From these he lectured ordinarily in the said university on the following:

On Genesis, one book. On Exodus, one book. On Leviticus, one book. On Numbers, one book. On Deuteronomy, one book. Various Sermons, one book. Diverse Collations, one book. And certain other things in logic, philosophy, and the other studies and scholastic exercises.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Sifridus, titular bishop of Cyrene, of the order of Friars Preachers, a German by nation, vicar in pontifical matters of Theoderic, archbishop of Mainz, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not unacquainted with secular letters, skilled in the Hebrew and Latin languages, subtle in intellect and clear in speech, a keen disputant and outstanding preacher of the divine word, ready in counsel, distinguished in life, wrote certain little works worthy of reading, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these the following are extant: to the aforesaid Archbishop Theoderic,

On the Usury of the Jews, one book. “It is inquired in the forum of conscience…” On Rents and Redemption, one book. “It was asked first whether…” Sermons and Collations, one book. Various Questions, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and under Pius and Paul, Roman pontiffs, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Godescalcus of Meschede, a German by nation, a Westphalian by homeland, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular philosophy, keen in intellect, distinguished in life, a profound doctor of sacred theology, who for many years gloriously taught that science in the school of Erfurt, and great [unclear] of his learning

On Ecclesiastical Writers

... won praise for his [unclear] from everyone; in the same university he wrote and lectured on certain excellent little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there are reported:

Questions on the Sentences, 4 books. Sermons for collation, 1 book. Various disputed questions, 1 book. And many other things.

This man’s brother, Theodericus Grefmunt of Meschede, doctor of arts and medicine, a man most learned in every respect, still survives and resides at Mainz; he himself, among other things, elegantly composed a treatise On the Regimen of Health in Time of Pestilence. He has a son called by his own name Theodericus, scarcely completing three lustra of age, whose admirable talent, and singular learning as well as eloquence, far surpasses many of advanced age, even doctors; there is extant with me his notable book On the Seven Liberal Arts. For he has written both to me and to others almost countless letters, most ornate in whatever subject, and various speeches displaying Ciceronian fluency, to such a degree that, like another Adeodatus, once the son of the most holy Augustine, by his talent, readiness in writing and arguing, and subtlety, he is an object of admiration and astonishment to many, even learned men.

Godescalcus, moreover, the brother of his father, flourished under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1470. And he died before this decade.

Stephanus Hoeft of Ladenburg, formerly a canon of the church of Speyer, German by nation, a man learned in secular letters, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated philosopher and orator, sharp in intellect, fluent in speech, distinguished in delivering sermons to the people, since for some years he held the office of preacher in the castle of Heidelberg, wrote works not to be despised, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of these there are extant:

On the Books of the Ethics, 10 books. Sermons for collation, 1 book. Certain poems and other things.

He died under Emperor Frederick III, Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1471, in the fourth indiction.

Bernardus Justinianus, a Venetian by country, a very celebrated philosopher and orator, outstanding in intellect, fluent in speech, who on account of his singular grace in speaking was held in esteem not only before his own Venetian senate, but also before the Roman pontiffs, cardinals, the other princes of Italy,

The Abbot of Sponheim

and the senators of cities, wrote, among the other monuments of his talent, concerning Laurentius Justinianus, patriarch of Venice, his maternal uncle:

His Life and Most Holy Way of Living, 1 book. Also Histories, 1 book. Several elegant speeches, 1 book. Letters and certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III, Pope Paul II, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1470.

Enricus de Piro, German by nation, sprung from the city of Cologne, of the Carthusian order, professed of the house of St. Barbara in the same city, before his entry into the order a subtle and famous doctor of both laws, afterwards also exercised in the divine Scriptures, wrote certain excellent volumes, of which the following are reported:

On [initiotis], 4 books. “With all things read to me granting consent...” Also To Novices, 1 book. Counsels in Diverse Cases, 1 book. Sermons on the Season, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. And certain other things.

There is frequent and celebrated mention of him in the Acts of the Council of Constance. He flourished in the times of Emperor Frederick III, Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Nicolaus Donis, German by nation, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a man studious and learned in secular letters, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a distinguished mathematical philosopher, the most watchful discoverer and most sagacious restorer of the Cosmography of Ptolemy, excellent in intellect and renowned in eloquence, wrote volumes not to be despised, by which he transmitted his name to posterity. Of these there is extant a wonderful work, with new pictures and tables most elegantly ordered and most diligently corrected:

On the Cosmography of Ptolemy, to Pope Paul II, 7 books. “It does not escape me, most blessed...” Also On Wondrous Places, 1 book. “Since, as Augustine says...” Various letters to various persons. And certain other things.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III, Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 147[unclear].

xx Ge

On Ecclesiastical Writers. [unclear]

Georgius of Peuerbach, German by nation, a man most skilled in the knowledge of secular letters and not ignorant of the sacred scriptures, easily the most brilliant philosopher and astronomer of all in his time, who for a long period publicly taught philosophy and the science of the stars in the University of Vienna, where among countless other pupils he instructed Johannes de Regio Monte, afterwards a most learned man: he wrote certain distinguished little works of keen intellect, of the number of which I have seen only:

The New Theorics of the Planets, one book. “The sun has three orbs ...”

Of the others I have as yet seen nothing.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Pius and Paul, Roman pontiffs, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Domitius Calderinus, of Verona by homeland, a most brilliant rhetorician, thoroughly imbued with the disciplines of all the good arts, outstandingly skilled in Greek and Latin speech, subtle in intellect and eloquent in expression: he wrote many distinguished little works in humane letters, by which he transmitted the memory of his name to posterity. Among them the following are reported:

On Juvenal, one book. On Martial, one book. On Suetonius, one book. On Ovid’s Ibis, one book. On the Letters of Cicero, one book. Against Brotheus the Grammarian, one book. Letters to Various Persons, one book. Various Orations. And several other works.

He died under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Sixtus IV, whose secretary he had been, in the year of the Lord 1477, indiction 10.

Johannes Tinctoris, German by nation, of Cologne by homeland, a man studious and learned in the divine scriptures, and nobly learned in secular philosophy, sharp in intellect and an outstanding disputant, who publicly taught theology for a long time in the University of Cologne and acquired great praises for his learning: he wrote little works not to be despised, among which the following are reported:

He began to reconcile the disagreements of Thomas and Scotus, in one book. Questions on the Sentences, one book. Col[unclear]

Abbot of Sponheim.

Also various Collations. And certain other things.

He flourished in the aforesaid university under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Paul II, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Nicolaus Perottus of Sassoferrato, and bishop of Siponto, a man most learned in the divine scriptures, and in secular letters second to none in his time, an outstanding theologian and most eloquent rhetorician, keen in intellect and distinguished in life: he wrote certain brilliant little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Among these the following are extant:

A notable work in two volumes, on the poet Marcus Valerius Martial, very beautifully comprising all the elegance, method, and explanation of the Latin language, which he entitled A Volume of Commentaries on the Latin Language, or, as it is commonly called, the Cornucopia, two books. “Barbara etc. Blādit” [unclear] On the Kinds of Metres, one book. Orations and various letters.

He is said also to have written many other things besides, both in divine letters and in humane letters, and to have translated several works from Greek into Latin, but they have not come into our hands.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Pius II and Paul II, Roman pontiffs, in the year of the Lord 147[unclear].

Antonius Rosellus, otherwise Roxellus, Tuscan by nation, an excellent professor of both laws and a very celebrated interpreter, and greatly adorned with the discipline of the other honorable arts, outstanding in intellect and eloquent in expression, who taught law for many years in the University of Padua: he wrote many distinguished little works, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. But I do not remember ever having seen any of them anywhere. Yet his notable work is reported:

On the Monarchy of the World, one book. Various treatises on the laws. And several other works.

He also wrote on successions and on the legitimation of bastards.

He died under Frederick III, emperor, in vigorous old age, buried at Padua, in the year of the Lord 1467, indiction 15.

Johannes Beetz, German by nation, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary Ever-Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man studious and learned in the divine scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, an excellent theologian and subtle philosopher, keen in intellect and distinguished in life, an outstanding disputant of questions, and in declaiming sermo-

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

Distinguished for [sermons?] to the people, he wrote certain little works, of which the following are reported:

On the Epistle of Paul to the Romans, one book. A Preceptory of the divine law, ten books. “Sacred Scripture of the divine...” On the sacrament of the altar, one book. Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. Various disputed questions, one book.

He also published some other works, which have not come to the knowledge of our reading.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in his convent at Tienen, in the year of the Lord 1476, in the ninth indiction, on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of August.

Bartholomaeus Cepolla, a Veronese by nation, a very swift jurist and an eminent cultivator of other disciplines of secular literature, who acquired great praise for his learning by lecturing regularly, disputing, and writing in the Paduan gymnasium, wrote many distinguished little works, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Among these there is a truly most subtle work, which he entitled:

The Legal Precautions of Civil Causes, one book. “It is especially to be noted...” On simulated contracts, one book. On urban estates, one book. Also on military affairs, one book. And several others.

He died in the time of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1477, in the tenth indiction.

Johannes de Regio Monte, a German by nation, formerly a pupil of the astronomer Georgius Burbachius, no less than Anaximander of Miletus or Archimedes of Syracuse, most learned in Greek and Latin eloquence, the glory of the Germans, on account of astronomy and the other mathematical disciplines endowed with a perpetual stipend by Matthias, king of Pannonia, and by the magistracy and citizens of Nuremberg, obtained great praise for his learning not only among his own Germans, but also among the Italians and the French. For, summoned to Rome by Pope Sixtus to correct the Paschal computation of Dionysius, while he was preparing many things for posterity, he died of disease, with very great loss to scholars. He wrote certain distinguished little works, of which the following are extant:

A very beautiful Calendar, one book. Ephemerides, that is, a Diary, one book. Against Gerardus Cremonensis, one book. After we sent out the index of letters and orations, one book. And several others.

He died at Rome under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1476, in the ninth indiction.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

[unclear], studious and learned, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, keen in intellect, distinguished in life, after he had gloriously taught theology for many years in the Cologne gymnasium, having held the vanities of the world in contempt, in his old age entered the Order of Preachers for love of God in the same city of Agrippina, and was soon appointed inquisitor and exterminator of heretical depravity. Among other things, he wrote, as they say:

Questions on the Sentences, one book. Disputed questions, one book. Sermons and conferences, one book. Various things also in philosophy, one book. And several others.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1475.

Alexander Tartagnus of Imola, a jurist, studious and learned, and well experienced in the institutions of other secular disciplines, excellent in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, wrote, for the benefit of those who keep watch over the study of both laws, certain distinguished volumes, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of posterity. Of their number the following are reported:

On the Sixth Book of the Decretals, one book. Also on the Clementines, one book. Also on the Code, nine books. On the Old Digest, fourteen books. On the New Digest, twelve books. On the Infortiatum, fourteen books. And certain others.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Johannes Soreth, a Norman by nation, the twenty-fifth prior general of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, sweet and clear in eloquence, in life [unclear].

On Ecclesiastical Writers

and in his manner of life devout, singularly religious and holy, the adornment, glory, splendor, and reformer of the Carmelite order, such as our ages have rarely seen and future ages will see more rarely; wholly given to God, wholly intent on reading and prayer, a despiser of the world, a lover, model, and mirror of monastic conduct, an imitator of angelic purity, a guardian of virtues, and a most bitter enemy of vices. He wrote many commendable little works of his excellent talent, of which the following are extant:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Various sermons, 2 books. On the rule of his order, 1 book. A larger commentary on the same, 1 book. He ordered Constitutions, 1 book. He also wrote many other things.

He died at Angers under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1471, in the third indiction, on the eighth day before the Kalends of August.

Theodore Gaza of Thessalonica, a man excellently learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the holy Scriptures, very learned in Greek and Latin, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote many little works and translated many things from Greek into Latin, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of his own writings nothing has anywhere come to the notice of my reading; but among the translated works the following are reported:

Theophrastus On Plants, 1 book. Aristotle’s Problems, 1 book. The same, On Animals, 1 book. And certain other things.

He died at Rome under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1478, in the eleventh indiction.

John of Lutria, a German by nation, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and excellently learned in scholastic philosophy, keen in talent, distinguished in life, and a very celebrated declaimer of sermons, who first taught theology gloriously in the school of Erfurt and afterward vigorously carried out the office of preacher in the church of Mainz, wrote certain little works not contemptible for reading, by which he left his memory to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. Various sermons, 1 book. Disputed Questions, 1 book. And certain things in philosophy, 1 book.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1479, in the twelfth indiction.

Alanus de Rupe, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a man learned in the divine Scriptures, of the highest reputation in delivering sermons to the people, devout to God in life and conduct, and a special lover of the blessed Mary ever virgin, and a venerable promoter of her rosary and service; by her also, through a singular gift of heavenly consolation, he deserved at times to be refreshed, and now to be restored in eternal happiness. Among other works of his talent he wrote:

Compendium of the Marian Psalter, 1 book. “Because of the Catholic truth,” 2 books. “Although beautiful praise” [unclear]. Various sermons also, 1 book. And certain other things.

He died in his convent at Zwolle, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1474, in the seventh indiction, on the vigil of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin Mary. Her rosary and the Psalter commemorative of Christ’s Passion, which had long been so neglected, he recalled to the minds and practices of men; in whose honor he established a confraternity which, confirmed by the Apostolic See, increases daily and provides many with a salutary exercise.

Conrad of Zabernia, a German by nation, a man zealous and practiced in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, especially music, teachable in talent and exemplary in life, renowned and devout in delivering sermons to the people, wrote in plain discourse certain little works not contemptible, by which, usefully and fruitfully exercising his talent, he also commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of their number the following are extant:

On the Monochord, 1 book. “Since, as a certain wise man...” On the Method of Singing Well, 1 book. “In favor of the whole clergy...” On the End of Collects, 1 book. “Although very many...” Many and various sermons, 1 book. And certain other things.

He flourished in the year of the Lord 1470, under Pope Sixtus IV, under whom he also died.

Laurentius Calcaneus of Brescia, a noble man, a knight bachelor, and a very celebrated doctor of laws, a very fluent philosopher and historian, renowned in talent and eloquence, and a most acute disputant of questions, wrote certain distinguished volumes by which he transmitted his name to posterity; of these the following are reported:

On the Commendation of Studies, 1 book. On the Seven Mortal Sins, 1 book. On [unclear], 2 books. “Weighty...”

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the conception of Saint Mary, one book. Many counsels also, one book. And certain other small works. He died under Frederick III, emperor, and Sixtus IV, pope, in the year of the Lord 1478, in the eleventh indiction.

John of Dorsten, German by nation, of the Order of the Hermit Brothers of Saint Augustine, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, well suited to disputing and resolving scriptural questions, and also of excellent reputation in delivering sermons to the people; he was held in esteem at the Erfurt school for teaching and preaching. He wrote works not to be despised, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of these there are reported:

Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished in the convent at Erfurt, under Frederick III, emperor, and Sixtus IV, pope, in the year of the Lord 1475.

Angelus Saxo of Brunswick, German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular philosophy, keen in intellect, distinguished in life, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people; after obtaining the mastership for teaching at the Erfurt school, he held the office of preacher at Mainz for a long time. Among other things he wrote a certain notable work:

On the Canon of the Mass, one book. Various sermons, one book. Diverse questions, one book. And certain other works.

He died at Strasbourg, and was buried in the monastery of the penitents, under Frederick III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1481, in the fourteenth indiction.

Franciscus Philelphus, born from the ancient town of Tolentino, a knight decorated with gold and poet laureate, a very celebrated philosopher and orator, formerly in his youth at Venice a pupil of Chrysoloras the Byzantine philosopher, from whom he learned Greek and Latin eloquence most perfectly; a man so zealous and so indefatigable a lover and cultivator of the good arts that, like another Pliny, amid the continual occupations of wars he was always either reading something for himself or dictating something to others. For he wrote in both languages, both in prose and in verse, many splendid volu

The Abbot of Spanheim.

lights, by which he left to posterity the memory of his most celebrated genius. Of these the following are extant:

Euthyphro, on piety, 1 book. On moral discipline, 8 books. The life of Pope Nicholas V, 2 books. A consolation addressed to a friend, 1 book. “Since I, desiring something ...” “How many laws [unclear]” On the diversity of laws, 4 books. Satires in the same meter, 9 books. “How nothing with me [unclear]” On jokes and serious matters, in hexameter, 10 books. Lyrics in every kind of meter, 6 books. Various orations, 60; 1 book. “If I thought it could be done ...” Of Latin letters, 16 books. The Rhetoric of Aristotle to King Alexander, 1 book. From Plato, 2 books. Hippocrates, on winds and bodily affections, 39 books. In Greek verses, by odes, 4 books. Of profane banquets, 2 books. Also on exile, 5 books. Also apophthegms, 2 books. And many other things. 2 books.

Moreover he translated many things into Latin, of which the following are reported. Among the Venetians, afterwards among the Florentines, the Sienese, the Bolognese, and finally the Milanese under four dukes, with an annual stipend, he taught Greek and Latin letters gloriously to very many. He died at Bologna, a nonagenarian and poor, indeed as a Christian philosopher, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1481, in the fourteenth indiction, in the year after the death of his son Marius.

[Mauratus?], as our soldiers call such men, a laureate poet, a doctor of philosophy and the arts of very celebrated reputation, distinguished in knowledge both of the divine Scriptures and of both laws, was hired on a public salary in the gymnasium of Mantua for lecturing; there also

On Ecclesiastical Writers

and made an end of his life and study. He wrote, among other things, a distinguished work:

Three books of Precepts of the Art of Rhetoric. I had already long ago resolved. One book of Elegant Orations. One book of Letters to Various Persons. [Songs?] and rhythms.

But he also composed many other works in meter and prose, which have not come to me. He died at Mantua under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480, in the thirteenth indiction.

Theoderic of Herxen, a German by nation, visitor of the order of the Brethren Clerics Living in Common, a devout man, studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, ready in intellect, clear in speech, distinguished in life and conduct, wrote many devout volumes for the edification of simple brothers. By usefully exercising his talent in them, he left remembrance of himself to posterity. Among these are reported:

On the Whole Psalter, one book. On the Lord’s Prayer, one book. On the Ave Maria, one book. On the Passion of the Lord, one book. On the Desire of Dying, one book.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1476.

Dominicus de Dominicis, a Venetian by homeland, first bishop of Torcello and afterward bishop of Brescia, and apostolic referendary, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, excellently adorned with studies of philosophy, dialectic, astronomy, and eloquence, who, because of his great virtues, was held in high esteem by the Roman pontiffs Pius, Paul, and Sixtus, and often fulfilled the office of legation, wrote several small works of excellent talent, but I do not recall that any of them have come into our hands. His elegant works are reported:

Orations on Various Subjects, one book. Various Sermons also, one book. And many treatises.

He died at Brescia under Emperor Frederick III and Sixtus IV, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord 1478, in the eleventh indiction, on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of March, in the sixtieth year of his age.

Lu[unclear]

The Abbot of Sponheim

Ludovicus Donatus, Venetian patrician and bishop of Bergamo, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of scholastic philosophy, also notable for piety, religion, clemency, and gentleness, subtle in intellect and clear in eloquence, wrote certain splendid small works, by which he left remembrance of himself to posterity. Of these I have never deserved to see anything anywhere. An outstanding work of his to Pope Paul II is reported:

On the Sentences, four books. Various Orations also, one book.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1484, in the second indiction, and was buried in the church of Saint Vincent the Martyr.

Conrad of Rodenberg, a German by nation, abbot of the monastery of St. John the Baptist of Rheingau, in the diocese of Mainz, of the order of the divine father Benedict, a devout and learned man, and an especially zealous guardian and lover of regular observance, who previously for many years held the office of prior at St. Matthias the Apostle in Trier and St. Martin in Cologne: since he was a most ardent lover of the Blessed Mary ever virgin, he wrote in her honor, in plain discourse, a very celebrated volume, taking from each of her members, under the figure of a cluster of grapes, the material of praise; to it he gave the very apt title:

On the Vineyard of the Lord Sabaoth, one book. Its foundations are in the mountains. The Exercise of Novices, one book. Consider your calling. On Preparation before Mass, one book. Our Lord Jesus Christ. On the Ruin of the Order, an oration, or one book. The crown has fallen from the head. On the Causes of Ruin, an oration, one book. Catch us the little foxes. On Pastoral Care, an oration, one book. Blessed is the servant whom he finds. And various conferences in chapters.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1486, in the fourth indiction, on the eighth day before the Kalends of January, and was buried in the right apse of the choir before the altar of Saint Benedict, toward the ambulatory.

Stephen of Gaeta, a Neapolitan, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures and a most learned professor and interpreter of both laws, sharp in intellect and sufficiently capable for debating and resolving questions of the Scriptures, clear and composed in speech, wrote to Giovanni Battista Bentivoglio of Sassoferrato, counsellor of Ferdinand, king of Sicily, a very celebrated work:

De

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Sacraments, 7 books. To the thresholds of blessed Peter. And certain other works.

He flourished in the time of Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1470.

Georgius Molitoris of Nuremberg, a German by nation, a man long practiced in the divine Scriptures and excellently learned, and not moderately instructed in scholastic philosophy, which they call Aristotelian, keen in intellect, distinguished in life, who for many years publicly taught theology in the academy of Erfurt and won great praise for his learning, wrote certain excellent little works of his talent, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

On the Sentences, 4 books. On the Passion of the Lord, 1 book. Many Sermons, 1 book. Various Questions. And several other works.

He died under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1484, in the second indiction.

Bartholomaeus, otherwise Baptista, surnamed Platina, by birthplace a Cremonese, once an apostolic abbreviator, a man most learned in every respect, a very celebrated philosopher and rhetorician, subtle and forceful in intellect, eloquent and pleasing in speech, steadfast and strong in spirit, suffered many calamities at the hands of Pope Paul II, so that, stripped of all his goods and dignity, after suspension on the rack he was most cruelly thrust into prison and detained until the death of Paul himself. Soon freed by Sixtus, in imitation of Eutrandus, deacon of Pavia, who suffered similar things from Berengar, king of Italy, he wittily marked Paul’s character and vices by antiphraxis. For he wrote to Pope Sixtus IV:

On the Deeds of the Roman Pontiffs, 1 book. On the Natures of Things, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And certain other works.

His also is the Panegyric in praise of Bessarion, bishop of Sabina, etc.; an Oration to Paul II, Supreme Pontiff, on establishing peace in Italy and on declaring war on the Turks; On Honorable Pleasure, 10 books; On the False and True Good, 5 dialogues; Against Loves, 1 dialogue; On True Nobility, 1 dialogue; On the Best Citizen, 2 dialogues; [unclear]

The Abbot of Sponheim

He died at Rome of plague, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1481, in the fourteenth indiction.

Nicolaus de Wachenheim, a German by nation, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in intellect and clear in eloquence, who in the academy of Heidelberg for almost fifty years, teaching, lecturing, and disputing, was held in the highest esteem as though the prince of theologians, wrote little works of reading not to be despised, by which he also commended the memory of his name to posterity. Of these, few have come down to me:

Questions on the Sentences, 1 book. Many Sermons, 1 book. Several Collations and Orations, 1 book. Since with the approval of the sacred [unclear] And certain other works.

He flourished at Heidelberg under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1480, already very old, and under Pope Sixtus IV he died almost seven years before this.

Michael of Milan, of the Order of Friars Minor, devoted to and learned in the holy Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, subtle in intellect, distinguished in life and conduct, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, wrote, for the use of those who devote themselves to declamations, little works not to be despised, by which he also made his name known to posterity. Of these there are extant:

Sermons on the Temporale, 1 book. Sermons on the Saints, 1 book. Sermons for Advent, 1 book. Sermons on Penance for Lent, 1 book. Sermons on Sins, 1 book. Sermons on the Ten Commandments, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III in the year of the Lord 1480. And he died under Pope Innocent VIII.

Sixtus IV, pope, a Ligurian by nation, born from the maritime city of Savona, formerly called Franciscus, minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, sat after Paul II in the chair of Peter for thirteen years; a man learned in the divine Scriptures and an outstanding disputant, a lover of the clergy, a singular promoter and benefactor of religious, especially of those whom an observant life commended. When Pope Paul once heard him disputing, he admired him so much that he

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

made [him] worthy of the honor of the cardinalate. Before his pontificate he wrote certain distinguished little works, among which the following are reported:

On Future Contingents, 1 book. On the Power of God, 2 books. On the Blood of Christ, 1 book. On the Conception of St. Mary, 1 book. And certain others.

He died under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1484, in the second indiction.

Johannes Consobrinus, Portuguese by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature and canon law, excellent in talent, of very celebrated reputation in delivering sermons to the people, first in England and then in Portugal uttered great and effective denunciations against the enemies of the faith; by disputing, preaching, and writing he reproved and refuted very many heresies and errors. At the urging of the provost of the royal college of blessed Mary of [Amhten] in England, he wrote a distinguished work in three parts, on contracts and exchanges, which he entitled

On Commutative Justice, 4 books. Various Sermons, 1 book. And certain others.

He abbreviated the Conflatum of Franciscus Maro in a pleasing compendium.

He flourished in the year of the Lord 1475. And under Pope Sixtus IV he died at Lisbon, poisoned for the faith.

Henricus, surnamed Prudens, of the order of the Carthusians, prior of the house of the valley near Bruges in Flanders, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, renowned in talent, devout in life and conduct, and singularly dedicated to God, wrote for the instruction of religious certain distinguished little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Among these there is extant a very celebrated work, especially suited to devotion, divided into three parts according to the distinctions of states, namely beginners, the progressing, and the perfect, in the manner of a dialogue, in which speakers are introduced: an angel and a monk, Jesus and the heavenly Father, Mary, the loving mother-in-law of holy souls. He entitled it

Tetralogue of Devotion, 5 books. And certain others.

He died in the new house of St. Sophia of Constantinople near ’s-Hertogenbosch, in which he had held the office of prior for some years, under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1484, in the second indiction.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Franciscus Diedus, a noble Venetian patrician, a man exceptionally learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, a philosopher and rhetorician, distinguished in doctrine and eloquence, a very celebrated interpreter of pontifical and civil law, and an indefatigable lover and defender of the Venetian republic, wrote certain distinguished little works both in verse and in prose, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Among these the following are reported:

History of Saint Roch the Confessor, 1 book. Orations and various letters, And certain others.

He died at Verona under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1483, in the first indiction.

Rudolphus Agricola of Groningen, Frisian by nation, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher, rhetorician, and the most celebrated poet of all of his time, skilled in Greek and Latin speech and not ignorant of the Hebrew language, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, once the teacher of Johannes Camerarius of Dalburg, bishop of Worms, likewise a most learned man, easily obtained first place in the Heidelberg school in teaching and writing, even among all doctors of whatever faculty. He wrote certain most excellent little works of his talent, by which he consecrated his name to immortality and left it to posterity. Among these the following are extant:

Life of Francesco Petrarca, 1 book. Poem on Saint Anne, 1 book. “Anna, parent of the highest [unclear]” A Most Subtle Dialectic, 3 books. Various Letters and Orations, 1 book.

In addition he produced various and most elegant poems, in which he showed his almost divine talent. He translated the Psalter from Hebrew, and certain works of Plato from Greek. Having begun to translate the volumes of Dionysius the Areopagite, he was forestalled by an untimely death and left them unfinished. He also wrote other things.

He died at Heidelberg, his mind most fully directed toward God, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1485, in the third indiction. Hermolaus Barbarus, patriarch of Aquileia, wrote this epitaph for him:

Envious fates have enclosed beneath this marble Rudolphus Agricola, the hope and glory of Frisian soil. Namely, while he lived, Germany earned whatever praise Latium has, whatever Greece has

360 On Ecclesiastical Writers

He was buried at Heidelberg among the Friars Minor, not without loss to Latin letters.

[unclear]

Tillmannus, of the order of the regular canons of Saint Augustine, provost of the monastery of the holy martyr Christopher in Ravengirsburg, at the edge of the diocese of Mainz, near the Hercynian forest, which from the river Rhine extends its tail toward the Mediomatrices and the Treveri, in a place which from antiquity is called Recesius of the Huns, a German by nation, studious in the divine Scriptures, devout in life and conduct, wrote, in a simple and plain style for the edification of the brethren, certain little works full of devotion and charity, in which he exercised his talent. Of these the following are extant:

On the Spiritual Vineyard, one book. On the Instruction of Novices, one book. And certain small exercises.

He died old and full of days, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1485, in the third indiction.

[unclear]

Henricus Arnoldi, a Saxon by nation, by profession a Carthusian monk of the Basel house, a man devout in religion, distinguished in talent, sincere in affection, weighty in morals, sweet in speech, affable in conduct, pious, gentle, shining in example, very much exercised in sacred letters and not ignorant of pontifical law; when for many years he held the office of notary in the holy Council of Basel, he was approved by the testimony of all as faithful, just, and prudent. At length, seeing that all things are vanity, he despised everything for the love of Christ, choosing and entering the Carthusian enclosure; there, appointed prior of the same house, for many years he laudably ruled in peace and tranquility the monks subject to him, the conversi, and the rest, treating them with paternal love. He wrote many very devout and salutary little works, of which those that have come to our knowledge are set out below:

Many devout sermons on various saints, one book. Several sermons, one book. Histories of various saints, one book. A concordance of the Evangelists on the Passion of the Lord, one book. Meditations on the Life of Christ, one book. On the Conception of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, one treatise. A Dialogue between Jesus and Mary, one treatise. Dia[unclear] The following prayers, one treatise. [unclear], one treatise. [unclear], one treatise.

The Abbot of Sponheim

A Dialogue on holy exercises, between Saint Margaret and her little servant, one treatise. Another dialogue between the same persons on the cross, one treatise. On the Commendation of Charity, one treatise. The excellence of charity [unclear] On holy humility in the form of a prayer, one treatise. Of perfect humility [unclear] Again on humility, one treatise. Most beloved brothers, hu[unclear] A chronicle of the house of the Carthusians in Basel, one treatise.

He happily departed from this life under Frederick III, emperor of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1487.

Jodocus de Calwe, a German by nation, a Swabian by homeland, a man exercised by long study in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of scholastic philosophy, prompt and forceful in talent, was for many years held in esteem in the school of Heidelberg by lecturing and preaching, where also, according to custom, for some time he held the office of preacher in the church of the Holy Spirit. He wrote certain treatises, as they say, not to be rejected, but they have not come to the knowledge of our reading. There are extant from him various sermons on diverse subjects, one book; A Vocabulary of Preachers, one book; and various treatises.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480. And under Pope Innocent VIII he died before this three-year period.

Nicolaus de Crutzenach, a German by nation, from the diocese of Mainz and the county of Sponheim, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in talent, distinguished in life, an acute disputant and an outstanding declaimer of sermons, who for many years publicly taught theology in the school of Vienna, and both among the scholars there and with Emperor Frederick III obtained great praise and reward for his learning, wrote certain excellent little works, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

Questions on the Sentences, one book. Various sermons, two books. Many conferences and orations, one book. On the Conception of Saint Mary [unclear]

And many other things, which, since he concealed them until his death, could not yet come to the knowledge of our reading; nevertheless they will come day by day. He died at Vienna in Austria under Emperor Frederick III,

[unclear], and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1491, in the ninth indiction.

Peter Scotus, German by nation, from Strasbourg by homeland, a canon of Saint Peter there, a man practiced in the divine Scriptures, most learned in both laws, and very well instructed in the other arts of humanity, a very celebrated philosopher, rhetorician, and poet, excellent in talent and distinguished in life and conduct, wrote certain modest and most elegant little works, both in verse and in prose, by which he commended himself to posterity. On Saints John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, and Chrysostom, he wrote a beautiful and pleasing work in elegiac verse, one book. The Praises of John Gerson, one book. Most elegant letters, [unclear], one book. In addition, he composed poems and various pieces, not contrary to the reader’s compunction, but properly apt and fitting, in various kinds of meter. He died at Strasbourg, buried in the church of Saint Peter, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1491, in the ninth indiction, and in the thirty-first year of his age. Having been perfected in a short time, he fulfilled many times, and he was taken away lest wickedness alter his understanding.

Nicasius de Voerda of Mechelen, German by nation, Brabantine by homeland, deprived of his sight from the third year of his age, and for that reason also naturally and completely ignorant of the alphabet of all letters, displayed, as it were, a great miracle, a second Didymus of Alexandria in our time, since he became most learned in every doctrine and science, both divine and human. For in the school of Cologne, where he also died, he publicly taught law: the books of both laws, which he had never seen, he learned by hearing, retained in memory, and recited openly. In the University of Leuven he first received the degree of master in arts; afterwards he governed schools for some time in Mechelen; then, having returned to Leuven, he was appointed licentiate in sacred theology, and by a singular apostolic dispensation was ordained priest. He preached publicly, heard confessions, served at the altar, and, though blind, recited the Gospel before all, using his mind as a book; only he did not celebrate the divine rites at the altar by himself. Lastly, in the academy of Cologne, by the agreement of all the doctors, he was made doctor of canon law, and also a careful interpreter of the imperial laws. He published a very celebrated work, which he read extraordinarily in the same University of Cologne, with many taking it down. On the Institutes, book one. Because those things which well in

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On the Sentences, 4 books. Various sermons, 1 book. Various questions.

He wrote to me some not inelegant letters, in each one of which, at considerable length, he wove together the whole history of his fortune; and, when I had asked him some time before, he humbly confessed that he had made the aforesaid little works.

He died at Cologne, buried in the greater church, under Frederick III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1491, in the tenth indiction, on 26 August.

Christophorus Porsena, a Roman, prior of St Albina in the City, of the order of the hermit brothers of St William, a man most devoted to the divine Scriptures and very learned, highly skilled in the Greek and Latin languages, since from earliest youth he had imbibed those literatures in Greece itself and under Greek teachers, so that he seemed to have been born from Greece; subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech; wrote, among other things, 1 book:

Letters to various persons,

and many other works.

He translated into Latin Origen’s eight books Against Celsus the Philosopher, dedicated to Pope Sixtus IV; also moral sermons of the blessed John Chrysostom, twenty-five in number, which he dedicated to Marco Barbo, cardinal of St Mark. He also translated quite finely certain little works of Theophylact, archbishop of Bulgaria, with others, and gave them to the Latins to read.

He also translated the volumes of the following writers:

Procopius of Caesarea, On the Gothic War, 3 books.

And Agathias Scholasticus of Smyrna, On the Gothic War and other foreign histories, 5 books.

He also translated certain works of Athanasius.

He died at Rome, carried off by plague, under Frederick III, emperor, and Innocent VIII, pope, in the year of the Lord’s incarnation 1486, in the fourth indiction.

Hermolaus Barbarus, Venetian by nation, patrician by family, archbishop and patriarch of Aquileia, and at last cardinal-bishop of the most holy Roman Church; a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters; a very celebrated philosopher, rhetorician, poet, astronomer, and geometer; highly skilled in Greek and Latin speech; subtle in intellect, eloquent in expression, devout and distinguished in life and conduct, and most worthy of every ecclesiastical honor. From adolescence he devoted zeal and effort to good letters and holy morals, and proved such and so great a man that he left no one his superior. Beginning to write from the eighteenth year of his age, he composed many most elegant little works, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of their number the following are reported:

On Celibacy, 1 book.

Castigations on Pliny, 1 book.

Against the Barbarian Philosophers, 1 book.

On Marriage, in verse, 1 book.

Questions of Geometry, 1 book.

The Agreement of Astronomy and Medicine, 1 book.

Precepts for Writing History, 1 book.

Compendium of Philosophy, 1 book.

Compendium of Galen, 1 book.

Letters to various persons, 1 book.

Multiple Orations, 1 book.

More than twelve thousand verses of poems, 1 book.

And many other works.

The Castigations on Pliny, a great work which he began as Venetian legate at Rome and completed as patriarch, he dedicated to Pope Alexander VI; in it he healed nearly five thousand wounds of copyists. Once, in the year of the Lord 1486, when he was passing through Cologne on his way to Mainz, at the request of Theodericus Flas, physician of Neuss, he composed a little book, How Far Astronomy Agrees with Medicine. To Marcus Antonius Sabellicus, the historiographer, he published a book on the precepts for writing history. He also interpreted Aristotle’s Rhetoric, the whole Dialectic, and Dioscorides; and he composed elegies, letters, and metrical orations, up to twelve thousand verses of poems, as we have said. He translated into Latin the responsive treatise on the Catholic faith by the patriarch of Constantinople, to the question of Mahomet the great Turk; also Plutarch On Isis and Osiris, and the same author’s Why the Oracles Ceased; to Arnoldus Bostius, the Carmelite of Ghent, a certain little work of Dionysius the Areopagite. He translated many other things as well. His work On Marriage contains about six hundred verses, in which he argues most elegantly whether it is expedient for a wise man to take a wife, concluding that it is not. He died, not without the very great loss of the studious, under Frederick III, emperor, and Alexander VI, pope, in the year of the Lord 1495, in the thirty-ninth year of his age, in the second indiction.

Junianus Maius, a Parthenopean, Neapolitan, certainly a man most devoted to secular letters and outstandingly learned, not ignorant also of the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated philosopher and rhetorician,

The Abbot of Sponheim.

... outstanding in ability and renowned for eloquence, wrote certain little works of reading not to be despised, by which he left his memory to posterity. Of these there is extant a large and distinguished volume addressed to Henry, archbishop of Acherontia [Acheruntia?], confessor of Ferdinand, king of Naples, and principally to the king himself, which, gathering from the books of the ancients, he entitled:

On the Property of Ancient Words, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480. And I am uncertain whether he is still alive.

Benedictus Capra of Perugia, a man most celebratedly learned in both laws, and well exercised both in the divine scriptures and in the precepts of the philosophers, subtle in ability and an outstanding disputant, distinguished for knowledge of many ancient and modern matters, taught law publicly for a long time in the Perugian school and acquired a great reputation for his learning. Among other things he wrote:

On the Decretals, 5 books. Also several Counsels, 1 book. And certain other works.

He flourished under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480.

Johannes Andreas, bishop of Aleria, secretary of the apostolic library, formerly a companion of Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa; a man devoted to the divine scriptures and most learned in secular letters, a jurist and most eloquent orator, excellent in ability, distinguished in life and conduct, skilled in both Greek and Latin speech, wrote certain little works of no slight authority, by which he transmitted the memory of his name with glory to posterity. Among their number the following are given:

On the Fourth Book of the Decretals, 1 book. On the Use of Fiefs, 1 book. On Appeals, 1 book. Letters to Various Persons, 1 book. And very many others.

He died under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1493, in the eleventh indiction.

Johannes Campeius of Bologna, a most celebrated jurist, and not moderately learned both in the divine scriptures and in secular philosophy, excellent in ability and renowned for eloquence, taught law publicly for a long time in the Bolognese school, where, training many and very distinguished pupils, he gained great fruit and praise from his learning. In that faculty he wrote many outstanding commentaries and treatises, as they report, by which he commended his name to posterity. But none of them has come into our hands. A distinguished work of his is reported:

On Dowry, a treatise, 1 book. And very beautiful Counsels, with many other works.

He flourished under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1484. And I do not know whether he is still alive.

Dominicus Bolanus, Venetian by nation, a man exercised in the divine scriptures and excellently learned in secular letters, a philosopher and rhetorician not to be rejected, sharp and vigorous in ability, composed in speech, published some distinguished little works of his ability, by which he showed himself a devout and faithful worshipper of the Christian name and commended his memory to posterity. Of these I have seen only a distinguished little work against detractors of Marian purity, which he dedicated to Nicolò Marcello, the seventy-first doge of the Venetians:

On the Conception of Saint Mary, 1 book. Not with small grief...

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He flourished at Venice under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1484. I hear that he is still held to be alive.

Franciscus Niger, a Venetian priest, a man [unclear] in the divine scriptures, a poet and orator not worthless, outstanding in ability and eloquent in speech, wrote various little works of his ability, by which he made his name known to posterity. Of these there is extant a work not to be despised, but to be raised up with great praises, addressed to Leonardo Botta, a Milanese knight, entitled:

Grammar, 14 books. From Annaeus Seneca [unclear]

His letters are also reported. And certain other works.

He flourished at Venice under the emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480. I do not know whether he is still alive.

Jacobus de Stralen, a German by nation, a man most learned in the divine writings and excellently learned in secular philosophy, excellent in ability and renowned for eloquence, taught theology gloriously for many years in the Cologne school and earned great praises from all for his learning. He wrote many distinguished little works, lectures, and various questions, of which I have seen only:

On the Apocalypse of John, 1 book. Jacob saw in his sleep...

Of the others I have seen nothing. He flo-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

He flourished in Cologne under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1490, a very old man, being about eighty years of age. And I believe that he is still counted among the living.

Marsilius Ficinus, an Italian by nation, a Florentine by homeland, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated philosopher and rhetorician, most skilled in both languages, the singular glory, ornament, and crown of Platonic theology: he wrote in an ornate style many excellent little works, by which he showed to posterity the vein of his excellent intellect. Of these the following are reported:

A notable Theology, one book. “In what manner in [unclear]...”

On Intellect and Intelligence, one book.

On Plato’s Symposium, one book. “Plato, first among philosophers...”

Letters, several books.

And many other things.

From Greek, moreover, he translated many works into Latin. For Piero de’ Medici of Florence he translated fifty-six treatises of Plato. Also Hermes Trismegistus, On the Power and Wisdom of God. The book of Xenocrates the Platonist On Death, for the same Piero de’ Medici. For Giovanni Cavalcanti he translated the little works of Speusippus, Alcinous, and Pythagoras. For the same man, the book of Alcinous the Platonist On the Doctrine of Plato. He wrote, besides, many other things, which have by no means come to the knowledge of our reading.

He flourished at Florence under Emperor Frederick III and the Roman pontiffs Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1490. And I believe that he is still among men.

Rupertus of Lecce, bishop of Aquila of the Marsi, or of the city of Abruzzo, of the Order of Friars Minor, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular literature, excellent in intellect, sweet and composed in speech, outstanding in life and conduct, a very celebrated declaimer of sermons, famous throughout the whole Christian world, who by word and example converted many from iniquity: he wrote, for the edification of readers, especially preachers of the divine word, certain excellent volumes, of which the following are reported:

Sermons on the Temporale, one book. “The night has passed...”

On the Praises of the Saints, one book. “Let not the wise man glory in...”

On Penance through Lent, one book. “Many are called... because...”

Also On Sins, one book.

And certain other things.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick III and Popes Sixtus and Innocent, in the year of the Lord 1486. I do not know whether he is still living.

Johannes Pheffer of Widenberg, a German by nation, an East Frank by homeland, a man learned through long study in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular philosophy, excellent in intellect, devout, gentle, and outstanding in life and conduct; sent from the University of Heidelberg, he illuminated by his learning the beginning of the Freiburg school, in which he has already for many years gloriously taught theology and has properly instructed many of his hearers. He wrote certain excellent little works, among which there exists a notable work on the Epistles of Paul, which, read publicly, he entitled

Priestly Directory, thirteen books. “Concerning the reader of the epistle...”

And many other things.

He flourished still among men under Emperor Frederick III, in the year of the Lord 1490. He may still be alive.

Johannes Britannicus, born from Palazzolo, a town of the Brescian district, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a distinguished philosopher, notable poet, and lucid rhetorician, who today is held in esteem among his own people of Brescia, whom by inestimable learning, teaching, and writings he makes daily more illustrious: he wrote many and various works, by which he made his name known to posterity and venerable to those present. Of these the following are reported: a very celebrated work of commentaries

On Persius, one book.

Also On Statius, one book.

On Ovid’s Metamorphosis, one book.

Also various Letters.

And many other things.

He is flourishing in the city of Brescia and composing various little works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1495.

Baptista of Ferrara, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine writings and excellently instructed in secular literature, excellent in verse and prose, and skilled in both languages, very celebrated and of almost divine intellect in declaiming sermons to the people: he wrote many excellent volumes, by which he rendered himself useful to those present and known to posterity. Of these the following are reported: a most lucid work of histories from the times of Christ down to us, which he entitled

Florida, one book.

Chron-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Chronicle of his order, one book. On the fall of the impious Roman, one book. On Mount Sinai, one book. Life of Mechtild, one book. Chronicle of Ferrara, one book. Various Sermons, one book.

He also published very many and varied epigrams, which we hope will be published day by day. He also translated from Greek into Latin several sermons of Blessed John Chrysostom, and many other things unknown to us. He is still living at Ferrara, and is writing various works under Maximilian, most merciful king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

[Unclear], most learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently taught in secular letters, outstanding in talent, eloquent in speech, distinguished in life and conduct. Skilled in the Hebrew and Latin languages, who for confirmation always carried off contests as victor; among other little works of his talent he wrote, to the senate of Vicenza, a very celebrated and distinguished work, copiously furnished with authorities of sacred Scripture:

Against the Jews, one book. “As I read, to me many...”

And certain other things.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1485. And I do not know whether he is still living.

Ubertinus Clericus of Crescentino, a man most learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher, rhetorician, and distinguished poet, and most skilled in both languages, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, who in the very celebrated school of Pavia lectured publicly for seven years, on a stipend, with the greatest attention and benefit of his hearers, wrote many excellent little works both in verse and prose, of which the following are extant:

On the Letters of Cicero, sixteen books. “The letters of this volume...”

On the Duties of the same, one book.

On the Metamorphoses of Naso, one book.

Also Letters, one book. Many Poems, one book.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, in the year of the Lord 1480. And I do not know whether he is still living.

Wilhelmus of Aachen, German by nation, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, subtle in talent, scholastic in speech, distinguished in life and conduct, who once held the office of preacher in the church of Basel, wrote many commendable little works, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of these he publicly lectured on some in the school of Erfurt, with the attention and praise of all. He wrote:

On the Gospel of John, one book.

On the Canon of the Mass, one book.

On the Passion of the Lord, one book. “Jesus handed over willingly...”

Disputed Questions, one book.

Itinerary of the Holy Land, one book.

Various Sermons, one book.

And several other things.

He flourished under Frederick III, emperor, and Sixtus IV, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord 1483. And I believe that he is still living.

Johannes de Lapide, German by nation, of the Carthusian order, a monk of the Basel house, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in talent, eloquent in speech, distinguished in life and conduct: once, in the school of Paris, he obtained the mastership in the faculty of arts, governed in the same for several years, and, diligently pursuing the study of sacred letters by teaching, lecturing, and disputing, deserved to be adorned with the dignity of doctor in the school of the theologians. He first transferred to the University of Basel the teaching of those Parisians who are called Realists, and there planted, strengthened, and increased it. He was also one of the principal initiators and authors of the studies of Tübingen. Finally, after freely resigning several benefices, he was called to the canonry and office of preaching of the distinguished church of Basel, and at last, after a few years [unclear], leaving everything for the love of Christ, he put on the habit of the sacred Carthusian order. He wrote many excellent little works, by which he made himself useful to the present and memorable to the future. We have obtained copies of few of these. Yet the following are extant:

Introduction to Grammar, one book. “Since grammar...”

Dialogue on the Art of Punctuation. “The disciple [unclear]...”

On Exponible Propositions, one treatise. “As by a young man...”

On the Art of Resolving Sophistical Arguments, one treatise. “Since for every...”

Explanation of All the Books of Aristotelian Logic, one book. “To investigate...”

Explanation of the Books of Physics of the same.

Explanation of the Six Books of Metaphysics of the same, one book. “Because first...”

On Those Things Which They Require for a Worthy Priest, one treatise. “Man to the image...”

Resolution of Doubts Occurring about the Mass, one treatise. “The office, how great...”

Sum-

Abbot of Sponheim.

A summary of the Passion of Jesus Christ, one tract. “At night Jesus ...”

On the Ascension of the Lord, among the sermons of Meffret, one sermon. “Rise up, Lord ...”

On the sermons of Meffret concerning the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, one tract. “[unclear] ...”

Very many sermons, both to the clergy and to the people, one book.

Various orations and letters, one book.

Also many other things, of which no mention is made here, one book.

Moreover, he divided many books of various authors into treatises and chapters, prefixing arguments to each, by which the writer’s intention in them can clearly be recognized. Among these are Cicero’s books On Duties, On Friendship, On Old Age, and On the Dream of Scipio. Likewise Aristotle’s books of logic; the same author’s books On the Soul; the books of the Metaphysics. Likewise the books of Ephrem the deacon; John Chrysostom’s books On Compunction of Heart; Saint Augustine’s books On Contrition of Heart; the same author’s book of letters; and almost all the books of Saint Ambrose the bishop. He is still living in the charterhouse of Basel, composes various works, and by his example urges many, through writings, to holy studies, under Maximilian, most merciful king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Angelus de Clavasio, an Italian by nation, of the Order of Friars Minor of Saint Francis, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated jurist, outstanding in intellect, distinguished in speech, devout in life and conduct, is said to have produced certain excellent little works by which he made his name known far and wide. Of these there is extant the notable Summa on cases, very useful and necessary for simple confessors, and no less for learned but occupied men, now dispersed everywhere, which is entitled from the name of its author:

The Angelic Summa, one book.

Additions to the same, one book. “Of an angelic spirit ...”

And certain other things.

He completed this Summa under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV. And I hear that he is still alive, while Maximilian governs the kingdom of the Romans and Germans, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Jason de Mayno, Milanese by country, ducal senator, a man most learned in both laws, very learned both in the divine Scriptures and in the other secular disciplines, a distinguished philosopher, a very celebrated orator, subtle in intellect, eloquent in [unclear], outstanding in counsel and action, is said to have produced certain excellent little works, by which, exercising his talent, he also commended the memory of himself to posterity. But apart from the oration which he is said to have delivered at Rome before Pope Alexander VI, and which is also circulated in print, I do not recall that any of them have come into our hands. Yet, as I have learned for certain, he wrote elegantly:

On the title De actionibus in the Institutes, one book.

Also on the Code, nine books.

On the Digest he wrote various works, fifty books.

Orations and letters.

And certain other things.

He is distinguished today among the Milanese princes, held in the highest esteem, under Maximilian, most illustrious king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1493, in the eleventh indiction.

Laurentius Burellus of Dijon, of the Order of the Brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently taught in secular letters, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in speech, practiced in meter and prose, wrote in both kinds certain excellent volumes by which he made his name known. Of these the following are reported: a very celebrated work in praise of Elijah, patriarch of the Carmelites, which he entitled:

The Heliad, one book.

On the illustrious men of his order, one book.

And many other things.

He is still living, held in great esteem among his own, writing and composing many things under Maximilian, unconquered king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Christophorus Landinus, an Italian by nation, a citizen of Florence, a man especially learned in secular letters and not ignorant of philosophy or of sacred Scripture, for many years presided over the chair of the Muses and by public office taught poetry, distinguished in intellect. He wrote works held in great esteem by all, especially:

Commentaries on Publius Vergilius Maro.

The Camaldulensians.

Ethics.

He is said still to flourish among his Florentines, whom he adorns with the flowers of every literature.

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Jacobus of Bergamo, of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and nobly instructed in the disciplines of secular letters, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, distinguished in life and conduct, a most celebrated historiographer, wrote certain very lucid little works by which he made posterity beholden to his memory. Of these there is extant a work of histories from the beginning of the world down to the year of the Lord 1486, a great and distinguished volume, which, compiling it from various sources with much and long labor, he entitled Supplement of Chronicles, in fifteen books. For Cicero’s [unclear]. I have seen nothing of the others.

He is still living among his own people of Bergamo, held in esteem, nearly sixty years old, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Baptista de Sancto Blasio of Padua, a man very skilled in both laws and distinguished by philosophical learning, subtle in talent and ornate in speech, who taught law publicly and excellently in the Paduan gymnasium, where he instructed a great number of pupils, wrote in that faculty certain distinguished little works, by which he showed the force of his talent to those present and to posterity. Of these I have read:

On Dowry Privileges, one book. Since concerning dowries many things.

Also The Correlative, one book. In this correlative work.

Questions on arbiters, [unclear]. In the name of Christ, [unclear]. Since [unclear].

On the First Rubric of the Decretals, one book. In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

He also wrote other things.

He also wrote on the difference between an arbiter and an arbitrator.

He completed these very works in the Paduan gymnasium, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, in the year of the Lord 1480, indiction 13. And I believe that he is still alive.

Marcus Antonius Sabellicus, a man most learned in every respect, the most celebrated philosopher, orator, and poet of all our age, adorning Venice with his learning and books, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, skilled in both languages, for whom Hermolaus Barbarus, Venetian archbishop and patriarch of Aquileia, once composed a book on the precepts for writing history, wrote certain distinguished volumes both in meter and in prose, by which he secured everlasting remembrance for his name among posterity. Of these I have seen the following: three great volumes of histories from the beginning of the world. To the Senate, a most celebrated work, containing from the beginning of the city 33 books.

The History and Deeds of the Venetians. And if from every writing.

On the Antiquity of Aquileia, His Fatherland, one book. It pours forth with Illyrian [unclear]. Where headlong fortune.

On the Sontian Fortification, a poem, one book. Now, the wheels having been spread, she set out. The kindly vessel tosses.

On the Sontian Slaughter, a poem, one book. Among the pleasing suns of study. These things of one walking upon the ground.

On the Burning of the Carni, one book. The kindly vessel tosses.

On the Shipwreck of Peter’s Boat, one book. Among the pleasing suns of study.

On the Inventors of Things and Arts, one book. These things of one walking upon the ground.

On the Origin of Udine, a poem, one book. The gracious day of the Virgin.

In Praise of St. Mary, 14 elegies.

I have seen nothing of the rest.

He is distinguished today among the Venetians, held in the highest esteem, composing many and various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we are writing these things, 1494.

Hubertus Leonardus, bishop of Darien, of the Order of the Friars of the Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, excellent in talent and clear in eloquence, who once taught theology excellently in the Parisian gymnasium, wrote many highly commendable little works, by which he made his name known with glory. Of these the following are reported:

On the Genealogy of the Nobles of the Franks and Their Deeds, to Ludovicus, bishop of Liege, one book.

On the Gospel of Luke, one book.

On the Government of Princes, three books.

On Ecclesiastical Immunity, five books.

Against the Heretics of Nivelles, one book.

Various Sermons, one book.

A Notable Lenten Collection, one book.

And several other works.

When he was inquisitor of heretical depravity against certain heretics of Nivelles throughout the diocese of Liege, he confuted and defeated them with the sword of the Holy Spirit, writing the aforementioned very celebrated work, containing twenty-eight principal propositions; in it, vigorously and eloquently attacking just as many of their erroneous articles, he refuted them.

He flourished in Germany, from which he also came, under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1490. And I believe that he is still alive.

Ga

Abbot of Spanheim.

Gabriel Biel, German by nationality, of the order of those who call themselves Brothers of the Common Life, or those living in common: a man learned in the divine Scriptures and excellently instructed in secular philosophy, outstanding in talent, distinguished in life and conduct. From the beginning of its foundation he presided for many years over the university at Tubingen, where he instructed many pupils both in philosophy and in sacred letters. He wrote certain little works of no contemptible authority, by which he made his name known. Among these he ordinarily lectured in the aforesaid university:

On the Canon of the Mass, one book. Praemissa in cubiculo. On the Passion of the Lord, he wrote one book. Various sermons also, one book. And certain other things. Likewise an epitome and collection on the four books of the Sentences.

He is renowned today, an old man of advanced age, in the highest esteem with the count of Wurttemberg, and is said to be writing certain things, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

George of Gemmingen, German by nationality, provost and canon of the distinguished church of Speyer, a learned and noble man, professor of both laws and a very celebrated interpreter, and excellently skilled in the other disciplines of the liberal arts; a distinguished philosopher and rhetorician, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, excellent in meter and prose. He wrote certain distinguished little works, in which, laudably exercising his talent, he also made his name known to posterity. Yet he conceals what he writes, so that he may avoid the semblance of vain glory, or may correct what he has written with the file of more mature examination. Of these, nevertheless, the following have become known to us:

On the Method of the Duel, one book. On Engines of War, one book. On the Care of Horses and Soldiers, one book. Certain orations.

Moreover, he has published many letters both to me and to others; from these, how much he is capable of, both in learning and in eloquence and in experience of many matters, is readily perceived by anyone who has read them. He is renowned in manhood in the city of Speyer, intent upon sacred letters and writing various things, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord 1494.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear] John the Venetian, of the Carthusian order, of the house of Saint Andrew the Apostle de Littore near Venice: a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, outstanding in talent, devout in life and conduct, and an eminent cultivator of regular observance. He wrote little works for the instruction of the simple, not to be despised, by which he made his name known. Among these there is an excellent work, which he entitled:

Know Thyself, three books. On Patience and Humility, one book. The Mirror of the Dying, five books. The Crown of Old Men also, one book. Various sermons, one book. Several devout letters, one book. And certain other things.

He flourished at Venice under Emperor Frederick III and Pope Sixtus IV, and completed the works written above in the year of the Lord 1480, in the thirteenth indiction. And I am uncertain whether he is still living.

[unclear] John of Muhlbach, German by nationality: a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and also not ignorant of secular philosophy, distinguished in talent, scholastic in speech. Formerly, in the university of Erfurt, he taught theology gloriously for a long time, and instructed very many pupils in that faculty. He wrote several distinguished little works, in which he exercised his talent magnificently and commended knowledge of himself to posterity. Among these he ordinarily lectured:

On the Epistles of Paul, one book. Various sermons, one book. In Praise of Saint Jerome, one book. Various questions. And certain other things.

He is renowned at Erfurt, old and weak, a prebendary in the monastery of Saint Peter, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

[unclear] John of Artundine, German by nationality, bishop of [Usbita?], of the order of the brothers of blessed Mary ever virgin of Mount Carmel, vicar in pontificals of David of Burgundy, bishop of Utrecht; a man learned in the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular philosophy, an excellent preacher of sermons, subtle in talent, distinguished in life and conduct. He wrote many distinguished volumes, by which he made his name known. Of these the following are reported:

A notable lecture on the Book of Wisdom, one book. On Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, one book. On Be

The Abbot of Sponheim.

On “Blessed are the undefiled,” sermons, one book. Sermons on the season, one book. Sermons on the saints, one book. And certain other works.

He flourished at Utrecht under Frederick III, emperor, and Pope Innocent VIII, in the year of the Lord 1490. And I believe that he is still living.

Georgius Valla of Piacenza, a man most learned in every respect, a philosopher, rhetorician, and very celebrated poet, excellent in intellect and eloquent in speech, who now adorns all Italy with his learning, teaches both languages most flourishingly at Venice; he wrote many distinguished volumes, by whose elegance and usefulness he may deservedly feel that all learned men are indebted and obliged to him. Of these the following are extant:

On orthography, two books. On the quantity of syllables, one book. On the figures of orators and poets, one book. On Cicero, On the Universe, one book. On the same author, On Fate, one book. [unclear] On the Topics, a book of the same author, one book. “Long since foreseen by me” [incipit]. On the Rhetoric to Herennius, one book. On Juvenal, one book.

Also of the very acute Josephus, On the Resurrection. Also the book of Brisso on dialectic. Moreover the treatise of Galen the physician on the sects of physicians. The same author’s Introduction to Medicine. Also four books of the Problems of Allendrus. And many other works.

Johannes Camerarius of Dalburg, bishop of Worms, German by nation, a very celebrated jurist, most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, once a hearer of Rudolf Agricola, most skilled in both languages, a very distinguished rhetorician and poet, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, notable for much experience of affairs, magnificently illustrating the nobility of his family by his character and learning, has written and is writing, both in verse and in prose, certain little works of excellent talent, which he has not yet allowed to come to light, because, being occupied with the affairs of the commonwealth, he has not been able to bring them so far to completion as had been his intention. Yet some of these have become known to us:

A Sapphic poem On the Death of Rudolf Agricola, one book. Also On Coinage, one book. An Oration before Pope Innocent VIII, one book. Various poems and orations. And several most elegant letters.

He is distinguished today, in his manly age, in the chair of the church of Worms, a bishop worthy of God, and he is composing various works, under Maximilian, most clement king of the Romans, and the supreme pontiff Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we are writing these things concerning him, 1494.

Baptista Guarinus of Verona, son of the most learned man Guarinus, whom we mentioned in his proper place, a man certainly not inferior to his father, but most learned in every literature and discipline of the liberal arts, a philosopher, orator, and poet most celebrated among all, most skilled in the Greek and Latin tongues and very eloquent in both, wrote and translated many distinguished little works, by which he commends the force and keenness of his almost divine intellect both to those present and to posterity. Of these the following are reported:

A very beautiful work of dialogues On the Sect of Epicurus, one book. On the Order of Teaching, one book. [unclear] On Governing a Kingdom, one book. On the Letters of Cicero, one book. On Ovid’s Fasti, one book. On Lucan’s Pharsalia, one book. On the poet Catullus, one book. Letters to various persons, [four?] books. Also several orations, one book. And poems of various kinds.

He translated into Latin the following: from Xenophon, the Praise of Agesilaus, which he also dedicated to the elder Ermolao Barbaro, bishop of Verona. Also certain orations of Demosthenes and of Dio the historian. But also some prayers of Gregory Nazianzen to Christ and Mary. And

The Abbot of Sponheim.

And he published and translated many other works, which have not come to my knowledge. He is renowned down to the present day at Ferrara, where, succeeding his father, he has now for thirty-three years taught both languages most flourishingly, and writes various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494, the twelfth indiction. He himself has a son learned in the Greek and Latin language, following his ancestral discipline.

Angelo Poliziano, a man skilled and most learned in every respect, a celebrated grammarian, philosopher, orator, and distinguished poet, perfectly instructed in Greek and Latin eloquence, excellent in talent, who for a long time illuminated Italy by his learning and teaching, wrote various illustrious volumes, by which he commended the memory of his name to posterity. Among them the following are reported:

Certain Centuries, one book.

On Errors of the Latin Language, one book.

Various letters to diverse persons, two books.

And he is said to have written certain other things, which have not come to my knowledge. He dared to present Homer’s Iliad in verse for Latins to read. He is still renowned in Italy, as I have heard, writing various works, under the king of the Romans Maximilian and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Baptista Mantuanus, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, a man most learned in the divine Scriptures, second to none in knowledge of secular letters, doctor of sacred theology, distinguished philosopher, very celebrated poet and orator, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, outstanding in life and conduct, an ornament of the Latin language, a renowned interpreter of Greek, excelling in verse and prose, wrote in both styles many excellent volumes, by which he acquired for his name a celebrated reputation throughout the whole Christian world. Among these the following are reported:

To his father:

On the Blessed Life, a dialogue, one book. “Brother Baptista, to Peter …”

Suburbanum, on the Bucolics, two books. “Faustus approaches the fields …”

The life of Parthenice, three books. “Holy [Palestine?] …”

On Saint Catherine, one book. “[unclear] having begun [unclear] …”

The life of Albert the Carmelite, in Sapphic meter, one book. “Greatest of pontiffs …”

On the Calamity of His Times, one book. “The month of August returns …”

Panegyric of Robert, one book. “We are forced by the evils of this …”

A Dream Concerning the Same, one book. “The ancients [marked?] the demigods …”

To Falco, of epigrams, one book. “Greatest worshipper of justice …”

Consolation on Death, one book. “I owe it, but cares prevent …”

Delights of the Sacred Font [unclear]. “Delights of the sacred font …”

On Contempt of Death, one book. “Why do you grieve, and fear fate …”

Against Foul-Mouthed Poets, one book. “There are those to whom eloquence is given …”

On the Conquest of Granada, four books.

On Patience, in prose, one book.

On the Origin of Religions, one book.

Apology for Brother Peter, five books.

Introduction to the Subtle Scotus, one book.

Most elegant orations, one book.

Many letters to diverse persons, one book.

Poems of various kinds.

And many other things.

He is still living in Italy, everywhere named with a very celebrated reputation, and is writing various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we completed these things, 1494.

Johannes Bertram of Neuenburg, German by nation, formerly a pupil of Georgius Molitoris of Neuenburg, a man devoted to and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, distinguished in talent, scholastic in speech, first at Erfurt and then in the school of Mainz publicly teaching theology and instructing many, wrote in that faculty certain illustrious little works, by which he made his name known. Among these there is a large work:

On the Prologue of the Bible, one book. “As I was thinking in [unclear] …”

Many addresses to the clergy, one book.

On the Value of Masses, one book. “Most reverend in Christ …”

Various questions.

And certain other things.

He is renowned in his manly age in the school of Mainz, teaching theology in ordinary course and composing various works, under the most illustrious Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

Robert Gaguin, French by nation, minister general of the Order of the Holy Trinity, distinguished doctor of decrees, and most learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular letters, a renowned poet and a most eloquent orator, who often rendered the Italians stupefied by his eloquence, excellent in talent, devout in life and conduct, wrote in both kinds many illustrious little works, by which he made his name known far and wide. Among these the following are extant: an outstanding work

Abbot of Spanheim.

[unclear] to Arnold Bostius, a Carmelite residing at Ghent, against Vincent of Castronovo, of the Order of Preachers.

On the conception of Saint Mary, 1 book. “My mind is to you, impartial...”

On the same matter, in prose, 1 book. “No one of the Christian reli...”

On the wretched condition of man, 1 book. “Among the many things by which...”

On the art of composing verse, 3 books. “The things concerning the making of ver...”

Many very elegant orations, 1 book.

Also 1 book of letters.

Countless epigrams.

And many other things.

He is still living, residing at Paris at Saint-Mathurin. And he writes various works day by day for publication, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Haringus, son of Sifrid Sinnama, born at The Hague in Frisia, who is commonly called Hermannus, a German by nation, a very celebrated professor and interpreter of both laws, excellently learned both in divine scripture and in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, ready and steady in counsel, whose authority is held in great esteem among princes and prelates of churches, easily holds first place in the university of Cologne in teaching, writing, and disputing. Among other things he wrote a great and very famous work, explaining legal titles with the utmost clarity, very useful and necessary for all who are beginning to study in both laws or in either of them:

On the titles of the Code, 12 books. “Although verbosity without...”

On the title of the Old Digest, 24 books. “Although, however, new pla...”

On the title of the Infortiatum, 14 books. “It must be known that here it comes out...”

On the title of the New Digest, 12 books. “Because there are seven parts...”

On the title of the Authentics, 1 book. “Although the constitutions...”

On the Uses of Feuds, 1 book. “Because this book of feuds...”

On the Peace of Constance, 1 book. “Because the emperor Frederick...”

On the title of the Institutes, 4 books. “Although from this book...”

On the title of the Decretals, 5 books. “As, as the Emperor says...”

Certain other works are extant.

He is living in manhood’s prime in the city of Cologne, illuminating it with his learning, under Maximilian, most illustrious king of the Romans, and Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, in the year in which we wrote these things, 1494, the twelfth indiction.

Ra-

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Raphael Regius, an Italian by nation, a man most learned in every respect, a distinguished philosopher, a celebrated poet, and an eminent orator, skilled in both languages, excellent in intellect and eloquent in speech, who in the university of Padua won the highest praises for his learning by teaching, disputing, and composing, is said to have produced many splendid little works, by which he made his name and talent known with glory. Of these the following are extant:

Corrections on Quintilian, 1 book. “Great-souled men are accustomed...”

On the praises of eloquence, 1 book. “If anyone ever of excellent...”

On one letter of Pliny, 1 book. “In the inscription of this work...”

Against Johannes Calphurnius, 1 book. “Although by a very serious...”

A dialogue against the same man, 1 book. “Yesterday you disturbed the boys’...”

Various orations.

Also many letters.

And many other things.

He is still living at Padua, as I have heard, and is writing various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord 1494.

[unclear]

Laurentius Bonicontrius, an eminent philosopher and astronomer, and excellently learned also in the other disciplines of the liberal arts, outstanding in intellect and distinguished in eloquence, strong in verse and prose, is said to have produced many splendid little works, by which he transmitted his name to the knowledge of many; but I have not yet been able to see any of them. His notable work over the cycle of the year is said to be:

The Fasti, with preliminary notes, 1 book.

And certain commentaries.

And certain other things.

He is still living in Italy, writing many and various works, both in verse and in prose, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Johannes of Keysersberg, a German by nation, a man devoted to and learned in divine scripture, and not ignorant of secular philosophy, outstanding in intellect, distinguished in life and conduct, a very celebrated preacher of sermons, who for many years has held the office of preacher in the cathedral church of Strasbourg, wrote some commendable little works, but they have not yet come to the knowledge of my reading. There are said to be his elegant:

Sermons to the people, 1 book.

Ora-

The Abbot of Sponheim.

Various orations to the clergy, one book. And certain other things.

At great expense and with long labor he collected the works of Johannes Gerson, many of which he at last brought to us from France, dividing them into three parts in a very fine order, and compiling a very useful table; he gave that whole work to the press. He is still living in the German city of Strasbourg, and composes various works, under Maximilian, the most illustrious king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Johannes Picus, an Italian by nation, count of Mirandola, lord of Concordia, a man most devoted to every kind of good literature, and, just as most noble in distinguished blood, so also in almost divine talent, surrounded by a great household throng trained in all sorts of arts, with whom he exercises himself in the arena of letters and studies, Latin as well as Hebrew and Greek; most worthy and deserving, one whose journey the Muses should follow; the most learned philosopher of our age and a very keen disputant: he wrote, in a most elegant style, some works which our age will both approve and, above all, admire, by which he has not unworthily made the memory of his glorious name everlasting. Of these there are extant the works that have already appeared:

The Heptaplus on the beginning of Genesis. Likewise, nine hundred philosophical conclusions. An apology. Likewise, on the Psalms, one book. And several other works which have not yet presented themselves to our sight.

He is still living today among the Italians, amid the flock of his talented young men, and he does not cease either to write higher things or to do good to posterity, under Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, and Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

Johannes Capnion, otherwise Reuchlin, a German by nation, from the town of Pforzheim in Swabia, an excellent doctor of imperial laws, counselor of the illustrious count Eberhard of Württemberg, both most eloquent and wholly upright in law and faith, a most diligent investigator of all the most ancient philosophy and literature, a most learned interpreter of the three principal languages, namely Hebrew together with Chaldean, Greek, and likewise Latin; also especially renowned in French and in our more polished vernacular tongue; and most learned both as secretary in divine writings and in secular letters. Indeed, in every kind of learning he is foremost at this time, since for many years he has most earnestly penetrated the secret mysteries of the Greeks and Hebrews.

On Ecclesiastical Writers

Worthy indeed to devote himself to letters alone, and not also to the noisy popular court. For not only Italy, but not even our own age, could set before us anyone equal to so great a man. He wrote a number of works, by which he commended his memory to those now living and to posterity. To the bishop of Worms, Camerarius Dalburg, he wrote a dialogue, in which he explains all the secret, wonder-working words of Greek, Hebrew, and Christian philosophy, which he entitled

Capnion, or On the Wonder-Working Word, five books. On the Preliminary Exercises of the Orator, one book. It is from the ancients. On the Diversity of the Four Idioms of the Greek Language, one book. A funeral oration on the death of Rudolf Agricola. A book of epigrams and elegies, one book. Epistles and scholastic orations, many without number.

Besides these, he translated for our common use many small works from Greek into Latin: Xenophon’s Apology for Socrates; Nestorius the heretic; the Confession of Cyprian; Proclus on the Blessed Virgin; some dialogues of the dead by Lucian; by the same author a dialogue on the council of the gods; the Monomachia of Homer’s Iliad, on the duel of Paris and Menelaus, in the German language, in verse; Epiphanius on the life and death of the prophets; Maximus Tyrius, the Platonic philosopher, in the oration, If God Made Good Things, Whence Do Evils Come? He is living still today, devoted to letters, under King Maximilian and his own prince Eberhard of Württemberg, whose illustrious name that distinguished Capnion makes still more illustrious by his talent, in the year in which we write these things, 1494.

Conradus Leonorius, commonly called de Leonberg, a German by nation, a monk of the monastery of Maulbronn, of the Cistercian order, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, exceptionally learned in secular subjects, a philosopher, orator, and poet not to be dismissed, skilled, as they say, in the three principal languages, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote some small works in verse and prose, by which he made his name known. Of these there is extant a volume of

Letters to various persons, one book. Various orations. Many poems. And certain other things.

He is living still today among the Cistercians, and persists in the study he has begun, under Maximilian, the most illustrious king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Conradus Celtis Protucius, a German by nation, born in Franconia in Germany, a man most learned in every respect, a distinguished philosopher, an eloquent orator, an outstanding astronomer and cosmographer, po-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

A poet laureate, also not unacquainted with the divine Scriptures, skilled in both languages, excellent in talent, eloquent in speech, he wrote certain distinguished little works both in verse and in prose, by which he commended the memory of himself to posterity. Of these he recently read the following to me:

To Maximilian, most illustrious King of the Romans, on both rhetorics of Marcus Tullius Cicero, an Epitome, that is, a Breviary, 1 book. On the Praises of Eloquence, 1 book. On the Art of [Versifying?], 1 book. On Composing Letters, 1 book. On the Site of Nuremberg, 1 book. The Sarmatian Pilgrimage, 1 book. Poems, 4 books. Of Loves, which in German are entitled According to the Four Sides, 4 books. A Panegyric to the Duke of Bavaria, 1 book. On the Life of Saint Sebald, 1 poem. The Site of Germany, 1 book. Various Orations, 1 book.

He has published many very elegant letters to various persons in verse and prose, and various epigrams. In cosmography, of which he is very knowledgeable, he has written various works, which we trust will hereafter come to light. He is still living, being thirty-five years of age, and is writing various things under Maximilian, most illustrious King of the Romans, when Alexander VI was supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494.

Petrus Bonomus of Trieste, protonotary of the imperial court, a man very learned in the Latin tongue, both very fluent and very practiced in composing poems of every kind, as though the tuneful Muses poured forth from his storehouse, and for that reason most celebrated by the fame of a great name, wrote very many works in prose and in verse of various kinds. Of these the following are especially extant:

Books of Epigrams. A tireless accumulation of Letters.

Nor does he ever cease writing. He is still living under his king Maximilian, devoted to letters and cultivating his talent with the good arts, in the year in which we write these things, 1494, the twelfth indiction.

Sebastian Ticio, otherwise Brant, a native of Strasbourg, German by nation, an eminent professor of both laws, excellently learned both in the divine Scriptures and in the other disciplines of secular literature, by no means unskilled in poetry, subtle in talent, eloquent in speech, outstanding in counsel and action, who by his learning and night-labour wonderfully adorns Basel, a renowned city of Germany, wrote certain little works, both in verse and in prose, of reading not to be despised, by which he made his name well known. Of these the following are extant:

On the Titles of Both Laws, 1 book. A Sapphic Rosary of the divine Mary. In Praise of the Virgin, Enigmas of the Old Testament. He Proves the Virginal Conception Possible. The Wondering of Mary When the Angel Arrived. The Salutation of the Angel. On the Miraculous Places of the Blessed Virgin. The Virginal Compassion. The Consolation of Christ to His Mother. On the Blows Given to Christ. On the Ingratitude of Those Eating Manna. In Praise of Saint Sebastian. The Life of Saint Onuphrius. In Praise of Saint Valentine. In Praise of Saint Ivo. The Life of Saint Bernard. In Praise of the Carthusian Order. On Contempt of the World. Praises of Blessed Christiana near Basel. Against Slanderous Advocates. On the Captivity of King Maximilian. An Elegy on the Death of Emperor Frederick. To the Same King Maximilian. Various Epigrams, 1 book. Commendatory Poems for Various Printed Editions.

He has moreover compiled, with wonderful art and talent, though in the common and vernacular language, a certain little book which he called the Ship of Narragonia. In it he has so elegantly expressed the cause and root of all folly, censures the morals of men, and gives certain salutary remedies to individuals, that he would rightly have called that work not the book of fools, but rather a divine satire. For I do not know whether anything could be read more wholesome or more pleasant for the needs of our time. They say that he is striving greatly so that in Latin, in verse

[unclear] likewise also in prose, that work which is to appear first.

He still lives at Basel, being thirty-six years of age; and printers make very great use of his labor and diligence in adorning their books. For he writes various works under Maximilian, King of the Romans, whom he loves in a singular way; he has composed many poems about him and to him, including, as they say, most delightful secrets, in the year in which we write this, 1494.

Jacob Wimpheling of Schlettstadt, a German by nation, priest of the church of Speyer, a man most learned in divine matters and excellently instructed in secular letters, a very celebrated theologian, philosopher, orator, and the most outstanding poet of all, first at Erfurt and then in the school of Heidelberg publicly expounding philosophy and sacred Scripture, acquired great glory for his learning. A man, I say, most learned in every respect, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, excelling both in verse and in prose, he wrote in both kinds some distinguished little works, by which he spread his name far and wide. Of these the following are extant: to Berthold, archbishop of Mainz, a very celebrated work in hexameter and pentameter verse, most elegantly composed, which he entitled On the Threefold Whiteness, one book. [Incipit:] “Our greatest hope...” In Praise of the divine Mary, one book. [Incipit:] “I do not know whether your Theod[unclear]...” Precepts of Rhetoric, one book. An Oration on the Holy Spirit, one book. [Incipit unclear:] “In what way [unclear]...” An Oration to the King of France, one book. [Incipit:] “Eight five-year periods now [unclear]...” On the Art of Poetry, one book. Many poems of various kinds.

He composed many elegant letters, both to me and to others, whose number is uncertain. At the request of Ludwig, bishop of Speyer, he composed an office on the Compassion of the blessed Mary ever virgin, which is solemnly performed every year throughout that same diocese. To this Jacob we long ago dedicated the book On the Luminaries, or Illustrious Men, of Germany.

He lives in manly age, being almost forty-three years old, in the renowned city of Speyer, and writes various works under Maximilian, King of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Baptista de Salis, of the Order of Friars Minor, of the Genoese province, a man studious and learned in divine Scriptures, excellently instructed both in both laws and in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, scholastic in speech, devout in life and conduct, and distinguished in the observance of regular discipline, published certain little works necessary for the instruction of simple priests, by which he spread his name far and wide. Of these there is extant the Summa on Cases, very useful in the forum of conscience, which after the author’s name is called the Summa Baptistiniana, one book. And some other works.

He completed the same Summa under Emperor Frederick III. And he still lives while Frederick’s son Maximilian holds the kingdom, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Egelhard Funk of Schwabach, an East Franconian, German by nation, a learned man and skilled in every respect, a distinguished philosopher, orator, and poet, not ignorant of divine Scriptures and canon law, outstanding in intellect and eloquent in speech, excelling in verse and prose, is said to have fashioned certain little works in both kinds of style, by which he made his name known. In elegiac verse: On the Praise of His Fatherland, one book. On a Ring Given to Him, one book. Various epigrams. And several other works.

He is renowned at Rome as a pleader or advocate in cases, and he composes various works under Maximilian, King of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494.

John Langer of Bolkenhain, a priest of Wrocław, a man studious and learned in divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in intellect and eloquent in speech, excelling in verse and prose, worthy of the priesthood in life and conduct, wrote many distinguished little works in both kinds of style, by which he made his name known. Of these there is extant a notable work addressed to George de Lapide, lord of Steinau, which he entitled On Revenues and the Commonwealth, one book. [Incipit:] “Today I am oppressed by a great...” Letters to Various People, one book. Many poems. And several other works.

He still lives in Wrocław and writes various works under Maximilian, King of the Romans, and Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Werner Rolevinck of Laer, German by nation, Westphalian by homeland, of the Order of Carthusians, of the house of St. Barbara in Cologne, a man most studious in divine Scriptures and very learned, excellent in intellect, devout in life and conduct, published many distinguished little works, by which he [made] himself useful to those of the present day,

The Abbot of Spanheim.

[unclear], and made [him] memorable to future generations. Of these the following are extant:

A large work on all the epistles of Paul, which he entitled The Teaching of Paul, in 14 books. “The teaching of Paul the apostle...” Also On the Life of Paul, in 7 books. “As I was with Moses, so...” On the Value of Masses, 1 book. On the Governance of Princes, 1 book. On the Study of Theology, 1 book. Bundle of Times, 1 book. “Generation...” Paradise of Conscience, 1 book. “The Lord God took the man...” Many sermons, 1 book. And many other things.

I once saw in his cell some small treatises, but several useful ones, whose titles oblivion has now carried from my memory. He is still living in the Carthusian house at Cologne, of advanced age, and writes various works, under Maximilian, King of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Arnoldus Bostius, a German by nation, of the order of the brothers of Blessed Mary ever Virgin of Mount Carmel, of the convent of Ghent, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, exceptionally well taught in secular letters, a theologian, philosopher, orator, and outstanding poet, keen in intellect, eloquent in speech, devout in life and conduct, of whom several letters to me are extant, wrote in verse and prose many distinguished little works, of which the following are extant: a notable volume composed in verse and prose, in which he clearly shows the prerogative, origin, and progress of his order in view of Marian protection; for this reason he was pleased to entitle it

On the Patronage of Mary, 1 book. “You asked, most distinguished man...” On the Illustrious Men of the Carthusians, 1 book. Against Vincentius of Nieuwpoort, 1 book. “Brother Arnoldus Bostius...” Letters to various persons, 1 book. “How long always...” On the Four Last Things, 1 book. Various poems. And many other things.

He is still living at Ghent in manly age, composing various works, and by his example and writings urging many on to holy studies, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

303

Henry...

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Henricus Euticius, an East Frank, an excellent professor of both branches of medicine, has published many things which he is preparing for posterity. Also, in diverse and elegant script, a very beautiful little work of poems, which he entitled

Scommata, or Urbane and Witty Jests of Young Men. Several little works in medicine. A satire against sophists and dialecticians, and enemies of the study of humane letters. In praise of the Blessed Virgin. And many other things.

He is still living when we wrote these things, under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Etelwolfus de Lapide, a noble man, a German by nation and a Swabian, a man of great talent and a zealous emulator of Roman eloquence, and for that reason having obtained great honor with the Margrave of Brandenburg, wrote to Georgius de Lapide, his maternal uncle, a man most devoted to letters,

On the Praises of Heroes and Illustrious Men, 1 book. A most polished letter collection. And other things, by which he will win great praise for Germany among cultivators of the Roman tongue. He is still living today under King Maximilian, in the year in which we wrote this, 1494.

Rodulphus Langius, a German by nation, canon of the church of Munster in Westphalia, a man studious in the divine Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, a philosopher, orator, and very celebrated poet, subtle in intellect and eloquent in speech, wrote, both in verse and in prose, many distinguished little works, by which he spread his name far and wide with immense glory. Of these the following are extant: To Hermannus Langius, dean of the same church,

On the City of Jerusalem, 2 books. “Once most splendid...” To the dean of Cologne, poems, 1 book. “Whom bright virtue...” On the Siege of the City of Neuss, 1 book. A poem On the Three Magi, 1 book. Several letters to various persons. Also various poems. And many other things.

He is still living, very old, in the city of Munster, composing many things under Maximilian, King of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Se-

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Sebastian Murrho of Colmar, a German by nation, priest and canon in Colmar, a man zealous and learned in the divine Scriptures, and most learned in secular letters, a distinguished philosopher, orator, poet, and cosmographer, most skilled in the three languages, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, renowned for his knowledge of laws and canons, second to none in architecture, music, and the whole quadrivium, wrote, among other things, to Jakob Wimpheling of Sélestat, whom we mentioned above, a brief but very beautiful work:

An epitome on the praises of the Germans, 1 book. On the works of Baptista Mantuanus, 1 book. Several letters to various persons. And certain other things.

He lives today in Colmar, where he is a canon, and is writing various works, which we hope will be published day by day, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Carolus Fernandus, a German by nation, born at Bruges, a town of Flanders, deprived of sight from early childhood, and for that reason utterly ignorant even of the elements of learning, displays so great a marvel of himself that, like another Homer, he has become a most celebrated poet, musician, philosopher, and orator, also a most acute interpreter of the divine Scriptures, excellent in verse and prose, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech, most upright in life and conduct. Having been granted a public and perpetual stipend by the king of the French, he taught humane letters excellently for a long time in the very celebrated school of Paris, and gave most beautiful expositions of numerous authors. At length, having despised everything, he abandoned the world together with its stipends, and almost two years ago entered the order of our holy father Benedict, in a well-reformed monastery called Casale Benedictum, situated in a certain very dense wood, about ten miles distant from the city of Bourges. In it he perseveres to this day, burning with great zeal for souls, so much so that, ordained deacon by apostolic dispensation, he publicly preaches the word of God with the greatest fruit and admiration of all. He wrote, both in meter and in prose, many excellent volumes, by which he commended his name to posterity. On the metrical contest of Robert Gaguin concerning the most pure conception of the holy Mother of God and Virgin Mary, against Vincent de Castronovo of the Order of Preachers, a most elegant work:

Commentaries, 1 book. “We do not doubt from the Apostle...” Praises of the Order of Carmelites, 1 book. “While the Parthian turns his weapons...”

Concerning Ecclesiastical Writers.

Odes in praise of Christ, 4 books. On the conception against Vincent, 1 book. An iambic poem on the same subject, 1 book. An oration on the conception, to the Carthusian, 1 book. An oration on Saint Catherine, 1 book. Many letters, 2 books. Almost innumerable poems, 1 book. Elegies on contempt of the world, 1 book. And many other things.

He lives today blind, but most learned, in the aforesaid monastery, composing many and various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494, in the [unclear] indiction.

Johannes Fernandus, brother of the aforesaid Carolus, himself a German by nation, a man most learned in every respect, a philosopher, a very celebrated orator and poet, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, subtle in intellect, eloquent in speech. The king of the French, granting him a perpetual stipend, took him into his service as a musician. He wrote, both in meter and in prose, many useful little works suited to devotion, by which he brought his name to the knowledge of many. Of these the following are extant:

On Saint John the Baptist, 1 book. “With what fitting plectrum, what...” Many various orations, 1 book. Letters to various persons, 1 book. Several poems and epigrams. And many other things.

He also wrote the Hours of the Holy Cross and of the compassion of Saint Mary the Virgin in elegant verse, which, recently printed at Paris, are in circulation.

He lives to this day with the king of France, in the highest esteem, and composes various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Hieronymus Donatus, a Venetian patrician, a very distinguished man, zealous in the divine Scriptures, most learned in secular letters, a very celebrated interpreter of both languages, excellent in intellect, eloquent in speech. Although he is now distracted by care for wife and children, nevertheless with wonderful diligence and incredible zeal for letters he is fervent, writing many things day by day, translating many from Greek; if another man, even released from every care, produced these, he could be regarded as a marvel. Of these there are extant:

An oration to the king of Portugal, 1 book. Various orations also, 1 book. Letters—

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Of letters to various persons, one book. And many other things. He translated into Latin John Damascene on the immaculate mysteries; also Dionysius on the divine names, and certain letters of his; also the volume On the Soul by Alexander of Aphrodisias the philosopher; and many other things.

He lives to this day at Venice, thirty-seven years old, writing and translating various works, under Maximilian, most illustrious king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Jodocus Badius of Ghent, a German by nation, a man most learned in secular letters, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher, rhetorician, and most distinguished poet, excellent in intellect, eloquent in speech, who formerly at Ferrara heard Baptista Guarinus teaching Greek letters and in that science also became learned, now adorns Lyons with his learning, reads the poets publicly and privately, instructs several sons of magnates, and has written in verse many distinguished little works, of which the following are extant: a notable metrical work against the vices, which he entitled

The Moral Wood, one book. And many other things. Also Against Vincentius, one book. “Unhappy Vincentius, which …” The Psalter of Mary in sapphics, one book. “What the chorus of bards …” Also On Grammar, one book. Several epigrams, one book. Various letters.

He lives to this day, thirty-two years old, composing many different things under Maximilian, the renowned king, in the year of the Lord 1492, indiction 12.

Elias Regnier, a very celebrated jurist, excellently learned both in the divine Scriptures and in secular philosophy, subtle in intellect, distinguished in speech, cautious in counsel, who for a long time publicly taught law in the university of Poitiers, wrote certain distinguished little works, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of these I have seen only the following: a celebrated work which contains

Cases of the Sixth Book of the Decretals, one book. “Boniface VIII [unclear] …” Cases of the Clementines, one book. “John, bishop [unclear] …”

Of the others I have seen nothing.

He is still living in the University of Poitiers, under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Rutgerus Venray, a German by nation, of the order of the regular canons of Saint Augustine, of the monastery of the divine apostle Peter, which, situated not far from Worms, is called Heyne, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and not ignorant of secular literature, practiced in metre and prose, wrote in both kinds certain little works not to be despised, of which the following are extant: a Tetralogue, which he entitled

On the Instruction of Children, two books. “When boys [unclear] …” On the Inquiry into the Blessed Life, two books. “In the year in which Ceres [unclear] …” Of Hymns on Saint Mary, two books. “Behold, to the Mother of God Mary …” On the Varied Appearance of Letters, two books. “Although, excellent Peter …” On a Marvelous Thing, two books. “For knowing [unclear] in verse …” On New Things, two books. “I say that very many things [unclear] …” On the Kinds of Metres, one book. “Most familiarly in [unclear] …” On the Accents of the Latins, two books. “This Tetralogue, which on …” A Panegyric to Me, one book. “To the reverend [unclear] …” Various epigrams. And certain other things.

I hear that he is fashioning for me a work on the calamities of these times, which I have not yet seen.

He has written very many letters, both to me and to others, in verse and in prose, not inelegant.

He lives to this day and composes various things, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Jodocus Beisselius, patrician of the royal city of Aachen, a German by nation, a man devoted to the holy Scriptures and most learned in secular letters, a distinguished philosopher, fluent orator, and notable poet, who, although he is necessarily distracted by care for his wife and household property, nevertheless burns with incredible love for the Scriptures, writing and composing many things daily, by which he spreads his name everywhere with great glory. Of these the following are extant: a most beautiful dialogue addressed to Hermolaus Barbarus, in the manner of the Platonists,

On the Best Kind of Musicians, one book. “I have led you, O Hermolaus …” On Christian Ambition, one book. “And if all things are available to you …” Epitome of The Spur of Love, one book. “Since through these, Christ [unclear] …” On the Rosy Crown of Mary, one book. “The most august rosy …” A Metrical Rosary, one book. “Whoever loves the rosy …” On the Mysteries of the Rosary, one book. “Go forth, daughters of Sion …” A Rosary on the Sacrament of the Altar, one book. “Beneath this small bread …” The Deeds of the Flemings, one book. Most elegant orations. Also several letters. Many verses and epigrams. And certain other things. He li-

The Abbot of Spanheim

He lives to this day at Aachen, a most distinguished interpreter of both laws, and is writing various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Hieronymus Balbus, a man of very celebrated reputation, and excellently learned in all the disciplines of the liberal arts, a distinguished philosopher and eloquent rhetorician, excellent in verse and prose, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, who by teaching, reading publicly, and writing earned great glory among the French and the Parisians, wrote certain distinguished little works of his talent, by which he commended his name to posterity. Of these I have so far seen only a volume seasoned with great wit of eloquence, in which he responds to the slanders of a certain Guillaume Tardif, a rhetorician, in the manner of a dialogue, under the names of himself, Charles Fernand, Pierre Cohard, and the assailant himself; to it he gave the title The Glorious Rhetorician, one book.

Among those offices by which

I have seen nothing of the others.

He still lives in France, writing and composing various works, under Maximilian, the most illustrious king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Aegidius Nettelet, dean of the church of Cambrai, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, and not ignorant of secular literature, outstanding in talent, distinguished in life and conduct, and conspicuous for singular devotion, published certain distinguished volumes, by which he made his name known. Of these there exists a very celebrated work, necessary for every estate, which with remarkable industry and very beautiful sequence he gathered into one from the epistles of St. Jerome the priest, four books.

The rest are unknown to me.

He lives to this day in the city of Cambrai, very celebrated for life and learning, and is composing various works, under Maximilian, the most distinguished king of the Romans, and the supreme pontiff Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Philippus Callimachus, Italian by nation, Florentine by homeland, secretary of the king of Poland, most learned in every respect, a distinguished philosopher, eloquent orator, and notable poet, and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, is said to have produced many distinguished little works, by which he left remembrance of himself to posterity. Of their number the following are reported: A notable work on the deeds of the impious king Attila, which he entitled Attila, one book.

Polish History against the Turk, one book.

The Abbot of Spanheim

On Ecclesiastical Writers

On the Customs of the Tartars, one book. Love Poems in Various Metres, one book.

And very many others.

He lives to this day with the king of Poland, in the highest esteem, and writes various works, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1490, the twelfth indiction.

Paulus Niauis, German by nation, a man excellently learned in humane letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a very celebrated philosopher and rhetorician, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, by teaching and writing various things acquired great fame for his name in the gymnasium of Leipzig. For he wrote certain distinguished little works, the reading of which should not be despised. Of these the following are reported: A little work for religious novices,

On Instruction in Latinizing, one book. “When I have very often thought”

The Vision of a Certain Hermit, one book. “A great grove clearly”

The Colors of the Art of Rhetoric, one book. “Once you wished, eleg...”

The Dialogue of the Idiot, one book. “When I often recalled, nu...”

Short Formal Letters, one book. “A great force is wont”

Letters to the Same, of Moderate Length, one book. “I promised, good man”

Also Longer Letters, one book. “I conceive great and in...”

And certain others.

He lives to this day in Germany, composing various works, under Maximilian, the most illustrious king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Bohuslaus of Hassenstein, German by nation, a noble man and most learned in every respect, a notable orator and poet, who, contrary to the custom of the other nobles of this age, both handles arms and cultivates letters with remarkable zeal; he fosters and celebrates them, so that, like a second Pliny the Younger, even while serving as a soldier he composes books and poems. He wrote certain distinguished little works, both in verse and in prose, by which he made his name known. Of these the following exist: A distinguished work on the proper inventions of the Germans and Italians, one book.

Also Poems, one book.

Various letters.

And very many others.

He lives to this day in his castle Hassenstein, and writes various works, under Maximilian, the most excellent king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494, the twelfth indiction.

Hen

Abbot of Spanheim.

Henricus Northeimensis, German by nationality, a man studious and learned in secular letters, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, subtle in talent, eloquent in speech, excellent in verse and prose, wrote certain little works of reading not to be despised, by which he commended his name to posterity with glory. Of these I have seen only that distinguished work which he composed in verse and prose for Frederick, margrave of Meissen and duke of Saxony, entitled Dinetromachia:

On the conflict of virtues and vices, one book. “Tu mea laurigeros.”

Concerning the rest that he composed, nothing has come to my knowledge. He lives even to this day, writing various things, under Maximilian, most illustrious king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Aquinus, of the order of the Friars Preachers, deriving the origin of his life from Sweden, a man studious in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular literature, a celebrated philosopher, a distinguished mathematician, excellent in talent, polished in speech, in imitation of Boethius wrote a most commendable work on the proportions of numbers and sounds, one book.

Certain letters.

And certain other things.

He lives to this day, held in esteem by Otto, duke of Bavaria; he writes various things, under Maximilian, most unconquered king, in the year of the Lord 1494, the twelfth indiction.

Albertus de Prusa, Polish by nationality, a member of the college of the University of Cracow, a man studious and learned in the divine writings, also excellently instructed in secular letters, a theologian, philosopher, and distinguished astronomer, praised in verse by Conrad Celtis for his knowledge of the stars, outstanding in talent and renowned in eloquence, wrote several little works of reading not to be despised, by which he made his name known. But few of them have come to my knowledge.

On the Theoricae of Georgius Burbachius, one book of commentaries.

On the ephemerides of Konigsperg, one book.

And certain other things.

He is still living in the University of Cracow, composing various things under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494, the twelfth indiction.

On Ecclesiastical Writers.

[unclear]

Theodericus de Ofenbruck, German by nationality, of the order of the Friars Minor of the province of Cologne, a man practiced in the divine Scriptures, a most famous declaimer of popular sermons, whose life all who know him proclaim at this time to be most holy: in delivering sermons to the people he is illumined by God with such grace, and in short moves his hearers with such compunction and sweetness, that he has had no equal among the Germans. Hence he has also been appointed general preacher throughout the whole province. Recently, when he was with me at Cologne, he read to me a notable little work, suited to devotion, which he had composed at the request of Hermann, archbishop of Cologne:

On the Passion of the Lord, one book.

Manual for simple people, one book. “Quia sicut Augustin.”

On interior exercise, one book. “Qui perseveraverit.”

And certain other things.

He is still living in the province of Cologne, vigorously applying himself to the office he has begun, under King Maximilian and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1494.

[unclear]

Bartholomaeus Coloniensis, German by nationality, a man excellently learned in secular letters, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, a distinguished philosopher and poet, whose poems even the most learned poets both admire and extol with praises, wrote in both styles some little works worthy of celebration, by which he made his name known. Of these I have so far seen only a little work on the praises of philosophy, composed in verse, which he entitled:

Sylva of poems, one book. “Cur Plutoni aurum prae.”

Defecta Diogenis, one book. “Quisquis avet cynice.”

A mythological letter.

Of the others I have seen nothing.

He lives to this day at Deventer, composing various things, under King Maximilian and Pope Alexander, supreme pontiff, the sixth, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

[unclear]

Johannes Thurotz, a Pannonian, a man studious and practiced in secular letters, and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, outstanding in talent and renowned in speech, is said to have written some little works by which he made his name known. Of these there is extant a volume not to be rejected, which he assembled with much industry, containing:

A Chronicle of Hungary, one book. “Iugi ocio his annis no.”

And certain other things.

He li-

Abbot of Sponheim.

He is said still to be living and to be composing various works under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Hieronymus of Padua, an Italian by nation, a man devoted to the divine Scriptures and remarkably learned in secular letters, a philosopher and distinguished poet, excellent in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote certain little works of no contemptible reading, by which he commended his memory to posterity. Of these there is extant a very fine little book, entitled Iesuida, addressed to Petrus Donatus, bishop of the city of Padua, in verse, one book: “Greatest of the heavenly ones, [unclear].”

Other works of his are also extant.

He is said still to be living and to be composing various works under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Franciscus Mataracius of Perugia, a man learned in secular letters and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher, orator, and most celebrated poet, and highly skilled in both languages, excellent in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote certain distinguished little works, by which he left his memory to posterity. Of these there is extant a very celebrated little work addressed to the young Petrus Paulus Cornelius, On Composing Verses, one book: “The poetic art the ancients...”

Letters to various persons, one book.

Many epigrams.

And several other works.

He flourished under Emperor Frederick and Pope Sixtus IV.

Dominicus Mancinus, a man very learned in the divine writings and remarkably learned in secular letters, excellent in verse and prose, subtle in talent and distinguished in eloquence, wrote certain approved little works, by which he made his name known. Of these I have read only that treatise which he composed in elegant verse, On the Passion of the Lord, one book: “Not the praises of men, nor...”

He also wrote other works.

He is said still to be living and to be writing various things under Maximilian, most noble king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote these things, 1494.

Ludovicus Brunus, an Italian by nation, from the marquisate of Montferrat, a man most learned in every respect, a professor of each law and a very celebrated interpreter, a laureate poet, a distinguished philosopher and orator, and not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, excellent in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote many distinguished little works in both kinds of writing, but I do not remember that any of them came into our hands except that treatise which he set out in elegant verse, On the Coronation of King Maximilian, one book: “Holy through the eternal [unclear].”

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He is still living; he is said to be writing various works under the same King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Jacobus Sprenger, a German by nation, of the Order of Friars Preachers, provincial of Cologne, a man studiously learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, outstanding in talent, clear in eloquence; since he had previously been appointed by Pope Innocent VIII as inquisitor of heretical depravity, together with Henricus Institoris, a theologian of the same order, he gathered together and wrote, with the help of the same colleague, a volume against witches, those little women who are instruments of the devil, for the precaution of the simple, which he entitled The Hammer of Witches, three books: “Whether to assert [unclear] witch...”

If he wrote anything further, I do not know.

He is still living today in his convent at Cologne, under Maximilian, most merciful king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we wrote this, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Johannes Tholofus, a German by nation, originating from East Francia, which is called Franconia, canon of Regensburg, provost of Forchheim, a man studiously learned in the divine Scriptures, remarkably learned in secular letters, a distinguished doctor of pontifical law, an astronomer, cosmographer, and most celebrated poet, subtle in talent and eloquent in speech, wrote certain distinguished little works, both in verse and in prose, by which he commended his name to posterity. But I do not remember that any of them came into our hands. Those who have known the man well report that there are, by him, on various subjects:

Elegant Letters, one book.

And certain works on mathematics.

And certain other works.

He is still living today in the city of Regensburg in the province of the Norici, and is writing various works; he is a very great patron of learned men, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and Pope Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord 1493, in the twelfth indiction.

Adam Werner of Themar, a German by nation, a man remarkably learned in secular letters, not ignorant of the divine Scriptures, a philosopher, a poet of no slight worth, and of Caesarean law

Abbot of Spanheim

401

[unclear], a very distinguished interpreter, outstanding in talent and eloquent in speech, writes various things, playing in verse and prose, by which he has made his name known far and wide. Many of his very elegant poems are extant here and there on diverse things and subjects.

Of poems addressed to me, one book. “To the reverend father in Christ ...” Also many letters. He has composed for me one book on Saint Anne. In addition he has written, and writes daily, many other things to be published.

He lives to this day at Heidelberg, tutor of young princes, under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord in which we composed these things, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Johannes of Düsseldorf, a German by nation, of the order of the brothers of blessed Mary ever virgin of Mount Carmel, prior of Strasbourg, a man studious and learned in the divine Scriptures, not ignorant of secular philosophy, a very celebrated interpreter of the theological faculty, outstanding in talent and illustrious in life, is said to write many things, but to conceal them. I have seen certain treatises of his, whose titles I have not now been able to recall to memory.

He lives to this day at Strasbourg, under Maximilian, most merciful king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord in which we write these things, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

Theodericus Ulsenius, a Frisian man, of singular learning and skill in poetry and oratory, has published some things, among which there are extant his

Polished elegies. And certain epigrams. And many other things, which will come down to posterity.

He is still living under Maximilian, king of the Romans, in the year of the Lord 1494.

Hartmann Schedel of Nuremberg, a German by nation, doctor of arts and medicine, not ignorant also of the divine Scriptures, outstanding in talent and distinguished in eloquence, compiled and wrote, among other little works of his talent, adding some things from Jacobus of Bergamo and other historiographers, especially on the affairs of the Germans, a large and notable work, which contains

Histories of the times, one book.

Of the rest I have seen nothing.

He lives to this day at Nuremberg, under King Maximilian, in the year of the Lord 1494.

402 On Ecclesiastical Writers

Johannes, abbot of the monastery of Saint Martin the bishop, in Spanheim, of the order of the divine father Benedict, of the diocese of Mainz, a German by nation, a Mosellan by homeland, born from the village of Trittenheim in the diocese of Trier: although I am not worthy that my name should be placed among the ecclesiastical writers, on account of the poverty of my talent, nevertheless, compelled by urging friends, I have been forced at the end of this catalogue to place the titles and beginnings of my own lucubrations also, after the example of the holy fathers Jerome, Gennadius, Honorius, priest of Autun, and Sigebert, monk of Gembloux, who also placed themselves at the end of their treatises published on these same matters. I have therefore written, besides this work, also the following. And first, by command of the presidents of the general chapter, I abridged

The statutes of the same chapter, one book. On the visitation of monks, one book. On the manner of holding a chapter, two books. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, two books. An exhortation to monks, two books. On temptations, two books. On the life of priests, one book. On the vice of ownership, one book. On the misery of this life, one book. On the ruin of our order, one book. On the illustrious men of our order, four books. Praises of the Carmelite order, two books. On the praise of scribes, one book. On the luminaries of Germany, one book. Letters to various persons, one book. On Saint Anne, one book. Various sermons, one book.

As for conferences, whether delivered in general chapters, or in observantial ones, or elsewhere, they are without fixed number; some are preserved, some have been removed. These, then, are the works, besides those which are still unfinished in my hands, which I presently recall having written, in the thirty-fourth year of my age, the tenth of my assumption of the office of abbot, and the twelfth of my monastic life, under Maximilian, king of the Romans, and the supreme pontiff Alexander VI, in the year of the Lord in which I have now for the third time corrected, enlarged, and completed this catalogue, having labored on it for almost seven years, 1494, in the twelfth indiction.

The Abbot of Spanheim.

Peroration.

Now therefore, after many labors at last, let us set an end to our work; for although many remain who are worthy of the catalogue of illustrious writers, nevertheless it was impossible for us to find even the bare names of them all. Those, however, concerning whom I was able to have certainty, I have diligently recorded; nor have I knowingly omitted anyone whose little works, talent, and times I could have known.

Nor am I unaware how many most learned men survive today, composing various works; of these I have made no mention, not because I judged them unworthy of our catalogue, but because they either preferred to conceal their little works, or they have not been so widely multiplied that they could come to my knowledge. I have done as much as I could, not as much as I wished, since, had it been permitted, I would have brought together for myself all writers, however many there are or ever have been. I leave this province to posterity, that they may add from their own vein where I, wearied, have left off.

Moreover I beseech you, enrolled Fathers, who hold the heavenly kingdoms, who adorn this catalogue of ours with your names, talents, and lucubrations, that if we have written true, just, worthy, and finally pleasing things about you, you may entreat the mercy of almighty God on our behalf, that, our faults being taken away, he may grant pardon, confirm our holy purpose, illuminate our understanding, purify our affection, and mercifully make us sharers in your joys. But if in some matters we have been able to do less than the thing itself required, grant us pardon, O most sacred ones; for wherever there has been error, it is the fault of ignorance, not of will.

You also, O most distinguished men, writers who still live a mortal earthly life, I address you, I adjure you and beg you: if in this catalogue we have done anything less worthy of your merits, talents, or lucubrations, ascribe it not to our will but to our lack of skill, not refusing the pardon we ask; for wherever we have failed, it was the fault of those who described your little works or talents to us otherwise than the matter stands.

Next we admonish and beseech the reader of this catalogue not to be readily moved against us if he finds the names, dignities, native lands, or little works of writers set down otherwise than perhaps he himself has read elsewhere, since no one has ever been able to reconcile the discordance of histories of time past. Nor have we written anything that had not been confirmed in many places or by testimonies. But, as we professed at the beginning of this work, we willingly yield to the opinion of any benevolent corrector, which truth shall have made solid and charity sincere.

Finally, however, we must laugh at our rivals, who, like dogs barking from the worst habit, condemn everything, disparage everything, tear apart everything that they themselves have not made, or that they have found to be contrary to their own opinions. For as soon as they begin to read even a little, grumbling, they say that it is not true, having become rash judges before they are examiners of the truth. But what have we to do with those who disparage nothing but the good, and praise nothing but the bad? Therefore envious dogs are to be despised, not taught. We, however, although we think it glorious to displease the malicious, consider it much more glorious to have pleased good and learned men; by them, wherever there has been error, we are gladly corrected; once corrected, we are fruitfully amended. Let the love of writings excuse us, for whose sake we have taken up a heavy burden with fearless neck.

The End of the Books on Ecclesiastical Writers, by Lord Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Spanheim.

First Addition of Several Distinguished Authors, to the Earlier Ones Written by Trithemius; Not Long Ago, but Recently Born in Gaul.

Marianus, Roman by nation, from the homeland of Zinizenfis, of the order of the hermits of St. Augustine, a most skilled theologian and general prior of the whole order, in this [unclear] of ours shone forth like the morning star and a certain most resplendent sun, with his most exquisite declamations and a certain new kind of preaching; and, as though another vessel of election offered to the world, he showed such force of talent and strength in teaching from himself that I would dare to say that no one could ever have been found in this age who might be compared with him in seeking out [unclear]. He was indeed such and so great that in all the more polished learning nothing was to be sought in vain from him. For in his declamations to the people, so with words

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I

[unclear] having been read, he was eloquent and full of weighty opinions, also with a sonorous voice, and with expression and the other movements of the body fitted to the matter, so that you could add nothing to the summit of his praise. How great, moreover, this man’s learning was, how great the force and majesty of his eloquence, anyone can clearly gather partly from the sermons, partly from the letters and orations most learnedly published by him.

For he wrote various sermons. One book of orations. One book of letters.

He died, with great loss to the Christian commonwealth, in the year of the Lord 1500.

Felinus Sandeus, of the most noble family of the Sandei, a native of Ferrara, a most accomplished doctor of both laws, and not ignorant of the other good letters, first at Ferrara, then at Pisa, in the public academies of those cities, professed canon law to the great admiration of all. Summoned to Rome by Innocent VIII, while he was occupied in the college of the Rota, where difficult affairs of the greatest importance are treated, both there and in the consultations of the supreme pontiff, nevertheless, since he was of almost divine talent and of most accomplished prudence in both laws, he published many little works and commentaries in that field. And these indeed so clearly, so learnedly, so exactly, that he untied all the knots of this discipline, restored obscure matters to the light, and, with right judgment applied, rendered doubtful matters easy and accessible; in this he brought no small assistance to our jurists. What he published is appended:

First, on the books of Gregory’s Decretals. On constitutions. On rescripts. On the office of the ordinary. On majority and obedience. On truce and peace. On joinder of issue. On proofs. On witnesses. On compelled witnesses. On the credibility of instruments. On presumptions. On oath-taking. On exceptions. On prescriptions. On sentences and res judicata. On appeals. On accusations and inquisitions. Additions to the Decree, to the work begun by the abbot. One treatise on the right of patronage. A sermon on plenary indulgence, whose theme is: Today you will be with me in paradise, etc. In history, one little book on the Neapolitan kings. There are also other commentaries of his. He flourished at Rome under Innocent VIII and Alexander VI.

On Abbot Spanheim, Concerning Writers

Matthaeus Bossus, a native of Verona, of the order of the canons regular of Blessed Augustine, a man exceptionally learned in every kind of erudition, but still more learned in elegance and gravity of speech, was held in great esteem among all, both because of the office of preaching and teaching, in which he was long engaged, and because of the various works composed by him, in which he so adorned and polished ecclesiastical doctrine with oratorical pigments that you will find nothing more refined or more elegant. He wrote the following little works:

A Dialogue on Enduring Adversities, divided into two books. On Conducting Magistracy and Cultivating Justice, to Giovanni Ludovico Bosso, jurisconsult and golden knight, two books. One book of orations. Books of letters to various persons.

He published certain other things; in all of them, although he overflows with varied learning and is everywhere brilliant, nowhere did he belch forth the smoke of arrogance, but, as befits a religious man, he was everywhere most devoted to holiness and divine wisdom.

He died at Padua in the year of the Lord 1502.

Antonius Cornazanus, a native of Ferrara, a most brilliant orator and poet, so polished, copious, and sweet, especially in poetry, that many think he received poetry from the mouths of angels. For among other things he sang the life and death of the Virgin Mother of God so devoutly, piously, copiously, brilliantly, and holily that all proclaim that the poetry in them is not mortal, but altogether divine. He inscribed and dedicated that work to Hippolyta, queen of the Neapolitans, while she was still a virgin.

He published certain elegies and various poems. He wrote in prose the life of Bartolomeo Colleoni, the great commander of the Venetians. Also very many orations, and certain other things.

Georgius Merula, a native of Alessandria, an orator and philosopher most learned in both languages, always served letters well by teaching and writing. He wrote, in many volumes, the deeds of Ludovico Sforza and of his ancestors.

Commentaries on Juvenal. On Statius and very many others. He published certain centuries. Many books of letters.

He died at Milan in the year of the Lord 1494. Hi-

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I

Jerome of Ferrara, of the Order of Preachers, a most ardent declaimer and a man of much learning, was exceedingly erudite; relying on this, he embraced ambition, damnable in religious men, which he ought most earnestly to have strangled in himself. This contagious plague indeed proved to be the cause of his ruin and most bitter death, and no small scandal to his order. For since he attempted many things, presumed much, and raised his horns against the leading men of his profession, he stirred up no small schism throughout all Italy. It could not be extinguished except by the death of his accomplices, a loss indeed to be lamented in so great a man, if he had applied those gifts of mind which he displayed to edification, and not to the ruin and destruction of himself and his own people; since, filled with every kind of learning, he would have brought great aid to Christian letters. Alas, that crafty tempter, going about and always seeking whom he may devour, begrudged us this one man. He wrote one Lenten book, book 1.

A commentary on the penitential Psalms.

He also commented on many prophets.

He also issued a prophecy, in which he foretold many things about this our age, the kingdom, and the disturbance.

At length, condemned under Alexander VI, in the year of salvation 1499, he was burned in the Florentine marketplace with two companions.

Bernardinus Gadolus of Brescia, a Camaldolese abbot, a man of good letters, exceedingly learned in philosophy and canon law, renowned for holiness of life and religion, left us many monuments of his learning, in which he shows himself most erudite. He wrote commentaries on all the books of the Bible.

On fleeing the world and embracing religion, one treatise.

Against pride and ambition.

Also many letters.

And certain other things scattered here and there.

Having ended his life, he is honorably buried in the Camaldolese monastery.

Marius Sanutus, a Venetian patrician, not only a man learned in good letters, but also skilled in administering the commonwealth, was very powerful in eloquence, as can easily be discerned from his little works. For he wrote the following:

On the Abbot of Sponheim, On Writers

On the magistrates of the Venetians, book 1.

On the lives of the Venetian princes, book 1.

On the Gallic War, several books, both in Latin and in the vernacular.

He wrote certain other things.

Philippus Beroaldus, a Bolognese by birth, most skilled in both languages, and easily the foremost of all grammarians, rhetoricians, and orators of his age, left no ordinary testimonies of his very fertile genius.

Orations delivered in the exposition of various authors.

A panegyric to Lodovico Sforza.

One oration on the marriage of the Bentivoli.

The story of Gisippus and Titus.

Also that of Galesus and Simon.

One proverbial oration.

One little book on the sayings of the seven sages.

Symbols of Pythagoras, book 1.

On the best state, book 1.

On happiness, book 1.

A declamation of the philosopher, physician, and orator.

A declamation of the drunkard, whoremonger, and gambler.

A lamentation on the Lord’s Passion.

A poem on fortune.

A poem on two lovers.

A poem on Cupid, the god of love.

A poem against a slanderous woman.

Various epigrams.

On earthquake and plague, with notes from Galen, a little work.

Annotations on Servius; annotations on civil law.

Commentaries on Propertius; on Suetonius.

On the Tusculan Questions; on Apuleius.

Annotations on Titus Livy; on Cicero’s Rhetoric.

On Horace Flaccus; on Persius.

On Silius Italicus.

He wrote many other things which have not yet reached us. He died at Bologna, not without great loss to the republic of letters, in the year of the Lord 1510.

Ponticus Virmius, by birth, as they say, of Treviso, a most learned philosopher, devoted to Latin and Greek literature, by industry, labor, and liveliness of talent, without any help from his parents, to such a degree of learning

Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition I.

[unclear] he became, so that, because of his immense learning, he was held in great esteem by Ludovico Sforza and throughout all Insubria. He wrote the works that follow:

Commentaries on Claudian.

Commentaries on the Sphere of Johannes de Sacrobosco.

On obscure passages in authors and corrupt names, 3 books.

On the Misery of Letters, 2 books, in verse.

On the Praises of Beatrice, queen of Milan, 1 book, in verse.

Elegies and epigrams, 2 books.

A commentary on the [Erotemata?] of Chrysoloras.

A commentary on the Achilleid of Statius.

Commentaries on Ovid’s Metamorphoses.

Commentaries on the works of Virgil.

On the Art of Divining, [unclear] books.

He translated Homer’s Odyssey into Latin.

Hymns of the same Homer, 4 books.

Six tragedies of Euripides.

Likewise [unclear], On Pulses and Urines.

On [unclear], [unclear] books. On Titles, 1 book.

He translated the Argonautica of Apollonius into Latin in 4 books.

He also composed and published many other Latin works.

He flourished under Ludovico Sforza.

Nicolaus Leonicenus, the most elegant of all the orators of his age, most accomplished in philosophy, not ignorant of natural matters, treated many subjects in medicine elegantly and copiously:

On the works of Galen, which he also [unclear], he published commentaries.

Likewise a small work in the same discipline, in which he taught that health and life could be restored and secured for all the sick.

There survive very many letters by the same man, which display his very great learning and elegance.

He flourished at this same time in Italy under Ludovico Sforza.

Ambrosius Calepinus of Bergamo, of the Order of Saint Augustine, flourished in this age, a most zealous investigator of divine and human letters. Hence by his own industry and great labor he made common to us a very large work, collected from almost countless authors, on the knowledge of words and the interpretation of Greek and Latin prepositions, with the attestation of authors. In it he explained, learnedly enough and elegantly, not only the words that contribute very much to literature and to the knowledge of poets and orators, but also those that pertain to physicians, philosophers, and also ecclesiastical doctors; and, having explained them, he left them to be read in a truer light than in certain other similar books. These certainly brought no small assistance to learned and unlearned alike. For by this it has come about that things which among the barbarians had already become barbarous are made Latin, while those that among the learned were being called into doubt now lie open, the cloud of uncertainty having been dispelled.

419 On the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers.

Petrus Burrus, a Belgian, by country a man of Bruges, canon of Amiens, distinguished in divine and human letters, flourished at Paris under Charles VIII, king of the Franks. There he grew to such renown for good disciplines, virtues, most approved morals, piety, and religion, that very many, and especially the family of the Gandincourts, wished to use this one man alone as teacher for the instruction of their children and of very many other more noble youths. Nor indeed is it at all to be wondered at, since he was one among the few in this our age who taught how to join eloquence, poetry, and the other good arts with wisdom, and professed neither arts without morals nor morals without letters. His works indeed show this; in them you would not know what to admire most: the weight of his very grave and most holy sentiments, or the variety of his style and poetry, or the propriety of things and words, or his skillful joinings, or the charming diction and texture, or the ever-recurring flower and harmony of his verse, or finally hundreds of other ornaments, so that you would rightly say that all the graces, charms, delights, and elegances of speech have been most abundantly granted here, while nevertheless nothing swollen or inflated is observed. Therefore, if this Burrus had written in Quintilian’s time, he certainly would not have said that, of the lyric poets, Horace alone is almost worthy to be read. For this man too is most worthy to be read even by holy nuns. For since he is wholly chaste, which that other is not, and wholly Christian, and sweetly redolent of the Christian religion, he nevertheless rises at times no less than that other, full of delight and grace, and most happily bold in varied figures and words, as it is easy for anyone to discern from his works written below and published. These are the monuments of that most fertile genius:

Odes, 4 books.

Apologues, 1 book.

Hexameters, 1 book.

Elegies, [unclear] books.

Epi-[unclear].

Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I

One book of Epigrams. Songs on two feasts. On the vigil of the Lord. On the circumcision of the Lord. On fasting. On confession and the Eucharist. On the praise of the cross. On the Lord's resurrection. On the finding of the cross. On Pentecost. On the body of the Lord. On the face of the Lord. On the feast of blessed Mary. There are also certain other works. Moral works. On the advent of the Lord. On the nativity of the Lord. On Epiphany. On the entry into Jerusalem. On the Lord's Supper. On the Lord's Passion. On Easter communion. On the ascension of the Lord. On the Trinity. On the exaltation of the cross. Hymns on all the saints. Not a few letters and prayers. He died at Amiens in the year 1507.

Jacobus Faber Stapulensis, a most celebrated philosopher of our age, the unique ornament of Belgium, indeed of all Gaul, given in our time by a certain divine gift as a remedy for the republic of letters, rescued all parts of philosophy from the murky barbarism of certain sophists. And those things which by now had altogether disdained to speak Latin, and had gone far away from the mind of Aristotle and of the rest who truly philosophize, he restored to their former majesty both of language and of doctrine, with such structure and sequence that nothing is lacking that should be added, and nothing offers itself to be removed without fault; with so great industry, so much art in all his works, so great dignity in speaking, that anyone even moderately learned, together with philosophy, could most richly attain eloquence, which had not been possible before. For he was the first among the Gauls, as Cicero was among the Romans, to join philosophy, still rough and unpolished, with eloquence. For what had previously been wandering as a stranger at Paris he endowed with citizenship. Hence those who are untrained not only in philosophy but also in learning think that they have acquired something, both for judging and for adjudging. For in speaking he is lofty, in his thoughts weighty, in invention refined, in composition careful and exacting, and [unclear] not only his own resources but also those of others. To this one purpose indeed he seems to have been born: to look after the literary [palaestra?], restore the good arts, and bring them back to their ancient splendor. Such is this man's care, such his delight, this the study toward which all my thought directs itself, toward which his mind, toward which his spirit directs itself. So that this might be done more freely, he not only, like Demetrius, gave over to his own people the patrimony, not to be despised, which he had at Etaples, but also cast aside dignities, offices, benefices, and honors,

On the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers

honorific and rich, thinking with Crates of Thebes that such things rarely cling together with virtues. Finally, to sum everything up in a short verse: Faber has enriched our age with wisdom. There follow, moreover, the things that were composed by him in the liberal arts. The first is:

A Paraphrase on Aristotle's Logic, elaborated with marvelous art. An Introduction to Aristotle's Physics. And a Paraphrase composed in a not unlearned style. An introductory Paraphrase on the Ethics of the same author. A Commentary on the Economics. An introductory Commentary on the Politics. A Commentary on Jordanus's Arithmetic; Demonstrations. An Epitome of the arithmetical books of Severinus Boethius. Certain Elements on Music. A Commentary on the astronomical Introduction of Johannes de Sacrobosco. Two books of astronomical theory of the heavenly bodies. An Introduction to the six Metaphysical books of Aristotle; a Commentary on the same.

Other, greater works in the faculty of the liberal arts are indeed awaited. But not content with these, this most religious man has directed his mind to divine matters, and has given himself wholly to them; he is about to bring a great ornament and aid to our theologians, searchers of the divine word, as one who explains what is tangled, illuminates what is obscure, unties what is knotted, and everywhere restores what is broken and mutilated with his craftsman's skill. This can easily be perceived from the things which, in this most sacred discipline of divine wisdom, he has either translated, or written, or caused to be printed more correctly and more accurately. They are written below:

A translation of Johannes Damascenus. Commentaries on Richard. On the Trinity. Commentaries on Ecclesiastes. Commentaries on the four Gospels. Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul. Scholia on the works of Dionysius the Areopagite. On the adornment of spiritual nuptials. Commentaries on Hugh of Saint Victor.

He lives at Paris, daily forging certain new works on his craftsman's anvil. Born a historian, poet, philosopher, and most eloquent orator, not

To the Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I.

not only most splendidly endowed with gifts of fortune, but also with gifts of mind, in this our age he is renowned throughout all Italy, not to mention throughout Gaul, on account of his incredible knowledge of all branches of wisdom; daily most learned in both languages, of almost divine talent, of weighty and polished eloquence, most learned in every kind of discipline; besides his singular learning, a man certainly very humane, affable, modest, and worthy of much veneration. He wrote very many orations and letters,

elegies, various epigrams.

He published annotations on twenty-four books of the Pandects or Digest, and will publish them on the remaining books, as he himself testifies in the letter which he writes to Johannes de Ganayo, great chancellor of France. How great the learning and doctrine of the annotations may be is left for each person to consider.

He lives at Paris, to the great expectation of all; from him greater works will soon come to light.

Wilhelmus Castellus ([Ieiunio Castalius?]), a Frenchman, a most distinguished poet and orator, of Tours, was born at Tours in the year of the Lord 1468, his father being Christianus Castellus, a doctor [Paxisien?] and royal physician, and his mother Martina of Bourges. There, after being taught the first rudiments of letters, he was sent to Paris, as is customary, to take up more fruitful and more solid disciplines, to his maternal brother Johannes Anglicus, a man excellently learned in divine and human letters, to enter the Navarre bursary, as the ordinary word has it. There he devoted such labor to liberal studies, especially the humanities, that in a short course of time he not only equalled all his companions who preceded him in age and learning, but even far surpassed them. So great was his thirst for letters, so great his love, so great his care, so great his zeal. Hence, suddenly known by fame above the heavens, he was summoned to the Burgundian college, to instruct youth in the better and more polished letters, by Bernardus Roillete, a man richly furnished with all good disciplines, the chief rector of that college, and was put in charge of the first class in the humanities. Then, after enduring the contest of dialectic and after his pupils had been presented with the laurel, he returned to the Navarre college, intending to join divine studies, for which he had always yearned, to human disciplines. At last, having obtained the doctorate in the most sacred faculty of theology, he withdrew to Tours, where, honored with honorable benefices of the church, the archdeaconry and a canonry, he lives with his own people, intent on prayer and preaching. The time that remains is for good

In Abbatem Span. Dei Scip.

...he imparts to the disciplines, consulting for his name and for posterity, as he has already begun, by the many works which he has brought to light. Their titles are set down below:

A Sibylline poem on the Last Judgment. An eclogue, named Eumorphus. A poem on the foolish vows of women. A dialogue in praise of Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples, book 1. Elegies, book 1. Epigrams, book 1. Many various letters to different persons. Far greater works are expected.

Johannes Bartholus of Paris, a doctor of medicine, the most excellent of all men of this age, and for that reason specially endowed by various most devoted and expert lovers of every discipline with the name of Apollo and Aesculapius, is of such authority and learning among all that, whether you seek what belongs to his own profession or what belongs to any other doctrine, you will find absolutely no one to compare with him. Indeed, most accomplished in every kind of discipline, he discusses everything so learnedly, so elegantly, so skillfully and readily, and has so deep a knowledge, that he alone seems to have embraced most eagerly all arts, both divine and human.

Antonius [Sylviolus?] of Paris, a distinguished poet and orator, although he knows many kinds of languages, nevertheless excels in three, namely French, Latin, and the common Italian tongue. By these, among all men, and especially among the most learned and most noble men, and above all among the lords of the house of Amboise, the greatest and most renowned family of France, he has won for himself such fame and favor that no disparagement of the envious can dissolve it, no decay of devouring age can abolish it, since by this threefold gift of language he has already sought immortality for himself, and among our people, for this most pleasing fluency in the French language, he is held in no less esteem than Dante among the Florentines. How great an eloquence he possesses, how much he is endowed with the light of his genius, with what subtlety of invention he stands out, in what skill of arrangement he excels, with what richness of variety he abounds, and finally with what weight of things and sentiments he proceeds: his distinguished works give the fullest testimony. For he wrote many excellent works, first of all several comedies in his own vernacular, in which he showed how varied, how abundant, how eloquent, how elegant, how witty, and finally how urbane he was; in Latin, however, he issued the following:

Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I.

[unclear], book 1. Epigrams, book 1. Several weighty dialogues. A Triumph concerning the Venetians.

He wrote, and day by day writes, other far greater works, by which he may show that the French have their own poets and orators, not inferior to the Italians, indeed superior to them, if they devote constant, unwearied labor to these coverings of language, by which every Italian either flatters or catches at favor. He still lives and breathes the ethereal air, the orator of the reverend father in Christ, George of Amboise, archbishop of Rouen.

Wilhelm Cop of Basel, a most learned philosopher, highly skilled in Latin and Greek, in this our age excels at Paris in the art of medicine, of which he is a most eminent doctor and professor. To his house not only Parisians flee, as to the sole remedy of health, but even those who rule over this kingdom of ours, having heard the man’s reputation, send for him most swiftly and summon him, and experience his aid. Hence he alone among all the chief men of this profession has won himself a name, I do not know whether immortal or rather envied. This Wilhelm is subtle in intellect, polished in expression, eloquent in speech, admirable in learning, and to be placed after no one in knowledge of natural things. He lives at Paris under Louis the Twelfth of that name, with great renown and expectation of himself among all. For he is forging things for posterity to read, among which we already have:

The healthful precepts of Paul of Aegina, clothed by him in Latin elegance. Likewise the Praenotastica of Hippocrates.

Jodocus Clichtoveus of Nieuwpoort, a most consummate doctor of theology, a most elegant philosopher, and so distinguished an orator that he brings the savage manners of men, and the whole mortal race, into order by eloquence divine rather than mortal. He was born for these duties: to guide those ignorant of letters with straight reins, to instruct [unclear] with polished eloquence, and to illuminate, with the darkness driven far away, those deprived of the splendor of philosophy with a most brilliant radiance. Mother Nature marked this man with these most noble gifts and dignity of soul, so that whatever he undertakes in this world of sensible things he adapts to the propagation of learning. For he strives with all his might to polish whatever is rough, foul, gaping, and barbarous, to restore to philosophy its own brilliance, and he resolves in mind and soul to devote his zeal for interpretation especially to sacred utterances. Divine utterances so adorn him, and the [unclear] of things above the world...

416 On the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers

recognitions, so that, while he still breathes mortal life on earth, they associate him with the most brilliant choirs of the heavenly ones; he has left to us and to future posterity outstanding monuments of his most abundant learning in a great number of volumes, and will in time leave still greater ones. For he wrote the works set down in this order:

A commentary on the Elegantiae of Augustinus Dathus. Commentaries on the Introduction to Arithmetic of D. Severinus Boethius. A compendium On the Practice of Numbering. A commentary on John Damascene. An excellent book On True Nobility. Scholia on the paraphrase of Aristotle's Physics. A commentary on the prepared introduction to Aristotle's Physics. A commentary on the prepared introduction to the books of Aristotle's Metaphysics. A commentary on the elaborated introduction to Aristotle's Ethics. He also published three books of sermons, namely on the saints and on other extraordinary matters.

Carolus Bovillus Beromundius, of Samarobriva, a man adorned with rhetorical richness, poetic variety, and the most [unclear] splendor of all philosophy, and an outstanding geometer: indeed nature is believed to have brought him forth rather to investigate the divine secrets of things and the breadths and essences of all beings, than that, enclosed in a mortal body, he should lead a human life. For he was endowed with such an elevated keenness of intellect that not only did he bring into the light the natures of earthly beings, formerly covered in blind darkness, but also, with philosophy as his guide, he penetrated most deeply the star-bearing spheres and the open structure of the heavens; by the philosophical proportion of worldly things he foreshowed the ineffable trinity of the heavenly court, and exactly prefigured it by the philosophical [display?] of numbers and by the most unified investigation of earthly things. He was so wholly and especially devoted to contemplative philosophy and geometrical abstractions that often for nine hours, leaning on the trunk of a tree, with unmoving eyes and unmoving body, forgetful of himself, his own people, and human sustenance, and freed from the mass of the body, he seemed to contemplate the natures of things, so that his soul seemed rather, released from the body, to dwell in heaven than, bound by human chains, to draw vital breaths in this sensible world.

Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I.

He discovered many things by the sharpness of his intellect, unseen in earlier ages. For, by means of his geometrical devices, he constructed the quadrature of the circle, which none of the philosophers before had discovered with sufficient exactness. With great wonder on the part of all, he wrote with marvellous ingenuity a book On Nothing, and he left to posterity very many other philosophical works which none of mortals in past ages had foreseen.

Six introductory books on geometry. One book On the Quadrature of the Circle. An introduction to the science of perspective. A book On the Divine, Angelic, and Human Intellect. A book On Sense. A book On Nothing. The Art of Opposites. A book On the Twelve Numbers. A book Of the Divine Darkness. Several philosophical letters.

Guilhelmus de Quercu, an outstanding doctor of theology, most eminent in our age in sacred eloquence; when that majesty of the French was being oppressed by the dreadful assault of the supreme pontiff, the English, and the Spanish, and by the grim preparation of wars, he alone, by his counsel and sound judgment of mind, most graciously came to the aid of the distress and necessity of the French. For he crossed the Alps and came to the city of Pisa, where by the sole sagacity of his mind he strengthened the very great assembly of cardinals and bishops, wavering over the French matter and over so great a portent of wars, and claimed for himself the more eminent roles in so great a council. Nor was he of less power in the people, when they had to undertake divine offices, by his eloquence. For he was cultivated with such gravity of judgment and knowledge of divine counsels that by his easy eloquence he set right the untamed manners of mortals and barbarous peoples, and easily led them back to the bright recognition of the supreme creator, with a kindly voice, gracious eyes, measured gesture, and pleasing comparisons.

Renatus Garnerius of Luxeuil, a doctor of both laws, most skilled in our age; because of his distinction in every kind of discipline, and then especially in the excellent faculty of laws, he spread his reputation and honor through various regions of the earth, and deservedly, in establishing and interpreting laws everywhere, easily claimed for himself the roles of Lycurgus and Socrates. With the eloquence of a more polished voice, with a tested profession, a keen mind, and calm gesture, he solved the riddles of the laws,

418 [unclear], Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers

... lived, so that he adorned the borders of Poitiers with perpetual honor, and day by day ennobled all Gaul by his eminence.

Christophorus Longolius, a Parisian, a most ingenious philosopher and a very distinguished orator of our age: as mother nature adorned him with the greatest gifts of mind and marked him out with a natural equipment for investigating the natures of things, so fortune bestowed on him most abundantly the vastest accumulations of goods and a most pleasing dexterity. Reflecting in his mind that kindly nature had breathed into him the noblest gifts of the soul, he so increased nature’s gifts by labor and practice that he emerged as the most distinguished philosopher and most copious orator of our age. He lectured on Pliny in the renowned academy of Poitiers with an inexpressible structure of style, so that he seemed, without distinction, to belong to all, not relying on mortal eloquence but rather strengthened by a variety of thoughts drawn from the inner chambers of the heavens. The Parisian academy, nurse of the disciplines, trained him not inelegantly in morals, in oratorical savor, and in philosophical letters; nevertheless, not satisfied with Gallic eloquence, he hastened to Italian households, judging that he would attain greater things there. There, instructed by ready experience of affairs and polished eloquence, he at last returned to the borders of Gaul, where he gave testimonies of his eloquence and learning. For scarcely passing his twenty-fourth year, consulting posterity with an innumerable variety of volumes, he published monuments of his learning and left them to his followers in this arranged order:

An oration on the praises of Saint Louis, king of the Franks, and of the nation of the Gauls, addressed to Francis of Valois, the Dauphin.

Nearly innumerable orations and letters.

Various elegies and epigrams.

Commentaries on Pliny, which he learnedly and elegantly interpreted publicly at Poitiers, to the highest admiration of all.

Certain writings on civil law, while he was publicly professing it at Poitiers.

Johannes Stephanus flourished in this our age; by nation an Italian, bishop of Vercelli, cardinal of Bologna, a most exacting cultivator of literary learning. The more fortune raised him to the most excellent and eminent dignities, the more nature adorned him with nobler gifts of mind. He, indeed, always placed all things, even the most illustrious heights of dignities, after literary leisure and the investigated natures of things. And finally by his own tireless labor and diligence he brought it about that Aristotle’s Great Ethics, never before known in earlier ages...

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I.

[unclear] known, has made common to us, which Jacques Lefevre, the most eminent philosopher of our age and a most vigorous defender of philosophy, committed to the press under his auspices, likely to bring no small fruits once set forth.

William de Mara flourished at this time, a Neustrian by nation, born in the deserted district of Coutances, begotten by parents of noble lineage and most holy life, now canon and treasurer of the cathedral church of Coutances, a distinguished orator and poet. When he was still a boy, the distinguished theologian Doctor Jean Boucard, formerly bishop of Avranches and royal confessor, took him up to be educated in learning, on account of the excellent gifts of mind which he perceived in the boy. Nor did he only see to having him instructed by others, but also taught him himself whenever he had leisure, taking no little delight in the cultivation of so fertile a field. And he hoped so much from his excellent natural ability that he did not hesitate to endow him with a benefice in tender age, and certainly would have given greater things if he had lived longer. Finally William himself went off to the famous study at Paris, and in a short space of time advanced so far that no one was held more celebrated than he in the art of oratory or poetry. Hence Robert Briconnet, formerly archbishop of Reims and chancellor of France, hearing the reputation of so great a man, summoned him to himself as secretary. When this Robert died, Charles VIII gave this William to his chancellor, Guy de Rochefort. For Charles loved William himself because of the not unpolished rhymes which he knew how to compose most elegantly in the French tongue, and also because of his skill in writing in every kind of letters, in which he found no one equal to him. Afterwards the most reverend cardinal of Saint-Malo, Guillaume Briconnet, obtained this man from Guy de Rochefort to be his confidant; with him he remained for a long time. But at last, weary of the misery of courts and ill bearing the loss of time, he withdrew to the study at Caen, where he was granted the dignity of rector, and afterwards the doctoral laurel in both laws. And in that study he professed law for many years, and at length was taken up as canon and treasurer of the cathedral church of Coutances, where he resides, serving God alone and good letters, with which he is to enrich posterity. These are the testimonies of his learning which now exist:

The Conflict against the Chimera, to Jean de Ganay, great chancellor of France, a truly excellent and holy work, in which he elegantly attacked those three chief vices by which the whole world is infected and poisoned, namely pride, lust, and avarice.

A little work on the most holy eucharist, to Guillaume, bishop of Coutances.

A paraphrase on Musaeus, On Hero and Leander, to Nicolas de Cerisay, dean of Saint-Germain of Paris.

One book On Loves, to the same man.

One book On Praises, to Jean Briconnet, president of the royal accounts.

One book On Reproaches, to Charles Guillart, president of the Parlement of Paris.

One book of dirges and epitaphs.

One book On Divine Things.

Besides these he wrote many things in prose discourse which have not yet come to light.

Matthew of Evreux, a Norman, of the Order of Friars Preachers, a very profound investigator of the Scriptures, a man certainly full of religion and letters, made an excellent postil on the Pentateuch, Isaiah, and very many other books of the Old and New Testament, which is kept deposited in the common library of the convent of Evreux of the aforesaid order, of which he had been an alumnus. He flourished, however, as appears from certain writings of his, around the times of Charles VI, king of the Franks. When his books had been scattered in gatherings, Brother Robert Baiguard, doctor of theology and confessor of the Most Christian king of the Franks Charles VII, of the same order and convent, gathered them together again and deposited them in the common library of the same house.

Guy of Evreux, a compiler of excellent sermons, is believed to have flourished around these same times, a brother of the same order, who also, besides the rules of Tyconius, gave certain very apt instructions for grasping the meaning of sacred Scripture, showing from ignorance of what matters it often happens that one errs in the exposition of sacred doctrine; these are found gathered together among the rest of his works in the libraries of certain convents.

Laurence Gervais, of the convent of Lisieux, of the Order of Preachers in Normandy, in the reign of Louis XI, king of the Franks, was held distinguished at Paris, a doctor of theology, a man

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition I.

certainly a man most famous for knowledge and learning, who, because of his outstanding wisdom, since he was especially skilled in the doctrine of the most holy doctor Thomas Aquinas, was sent to reform the Cologne studium for the better; and when he had made extraordinary progress there, returning from there, he gave up his spirit at Dijon, a town of Burgundy. There, buried with the brothers of his order, he left very useful works, which are called the Copulata of Master Laurentius Gervasius, on the whole Summa of Theology of the Angelic Doctor, of whose doctrine, indeed, while he lived, he was called the repository.

Sylvester of Prierio, a Bolognese, of the Order of Preachers, a venerable doctor and certainly a most renowned expounder and likewise very keen defender of the doctrine of Saint Thomas Aquinas, flourished in Lombardy around the times of Pope Innocent VIII. For he wrote a Defence of the doctrine of Saint Thomas on the questions of Johannes Capreolus, abridging the writings and demonstrating more clearly than light the irrefragable doctrine of the most holy doctor, dissolving from that doctor’s own sayings all the subtleties of his opponents. He also wrote an Introduction to Logic.

Also a Summa of Sermons, which is called the Golden Rose.

Also a Summa on cases of conscience.

Also on the four books of the Sentences.

He continued writing down to these times, living at Bologna, that is, to the year of the Lord 1512.

Dominicus of Flanders, a most renowned doctor, of the same Bolognese order, in the same times as the preceding, wrote Metaphysical Questions. Questions on the Soul. Also on the books of the Posterior Analytics. He died while Alexander VI, supreme pontiff, presided in the chair of Peter.

Paulus Soncinas, of the same order, in these times wrote Metaphysical Questions. Also on the predicables and categories. He died at the same time as, or about the same time as, the preceding.

In Abbot Spanheim, On Writers. Second Addition of Some Notable Writers, partly ancient, partly recent, now added for the first time in the manner of an index to those previously compiled by Trithemius and others, by F. Balthazar Werlin of Colmar.

A certain abbot of Ursperg, whose proper name is hidden, wrote a volume of Chronicles. Its beginning is from Ninus, great king of the Assyrians, down to Frederick II, emperor of the Romans. The last year is counted by him as 1229 from the salvation of the world. Ursperg, moreover, is a monastery of the Premonstratensian institute, almost halfway between Ulm and Augsburg of the Vindelici.

Abba Abraham and Abba Patritius, holy fathers [unclear], translated the ascetic sermons of Isaac, the Syrian monk, into the Greek language. This work is extant at Rome in the Vatican Library.

Adrianus Barlandus, a Zeelander by nation, a man of rare learning, published several dialogues, together with a little work on the notable towns of Lower Germany.

Five books of the same author’s old and recent jests, illustrated with scholia, are extant. And a little work on all the bishops of Utrecht.

Also a poem on the location and pleasantness of Louvain.

The same man described the instruction of a Christian man in aphorisms.

He also composed concise institutes of the art of oratory.

He also selected proverbial verses from Virgil with the greatest zeal.

He wrote many other things unknown to us.

He flourished at Louvain around the beginning of the reign of Charles V, 1520.

Aegidius Bellamera, a remarkably learned man, wrote counsels in law, of which 148 survive at Rome in the Palatine Library.

The same man published several other little works, namely those which follow:

On plurality of benefices. On the Roman Rota.

He also wrote on De foro competenti, c. Romana. And on the paragraph Contrahentes. And

Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

Aegidius Maserius of Paris, a man by no means moderately versed in the liberal arts, wrote commentaries on the poems of Valerius Flaccus Setinus Balbus, the Argonautica, in 8 books.

Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis, Spanish by nation, highly learned, made himself famous in his age by certain excellent books, of which these are extant:

On Cosmography.

A lexicon of civil law, against certain notable errors of Accursius.

Commentaries on the satires of Aulus Persius.

Exegeses on some passages of sacred Scripture.

Expositions on the Paschal work of Coelius Sedulius.

On Grammar.

Aeneas the Christian Platonist wrote a golden dialogue on the immortality of the soul and on the resurrection of bodies, which is entitled Theophrastus. It was translated from Greek into the Latin language by Ambrosius Camaldulensis. He flourished around the times of the emperors Zeno and Anastasius.

Agapetus, deacon of the great and most holy Church of God, wrote in Greek 72 paraenetic sentences to Justinian Caesar, which the Greeks call the royal schedule; for it discusses the office of a king. He died about the year of salvation 538.

Agathius Guidacerius, royal professor of sacred theology at Paris, wrote a Mirror, whose subject will be learned from the author’s own letter, which is approximately as follows:

Although, being bound by the public lectures on the holy Scriptures in their original languages, I have not yet completed the commentaries which I had undertaken to write on the holy tongue, nevertheless I wished at present to publish at least its first precepts. Wherefore, behold, from the most approved Hebrew teachers, Moses Kimhi, Pethah Debarai, the Michlol, and others, in whose writings I think I have done enough to write Latin commentaries, since I was born of Christian parents and from tender childhood, as they say, was instructed in Latin and Greek, and not in Hebrew, we now give this first little book, on letters, on points, on the quantity of syllables, on accents, and finally on the perfect method of pronunciation, in which all the beauty and sweetness of this heavenly language consists. We shall soon give, with Christ’s help, if I understand that these things are pleasing to you, a second book on the eight parts of speech; and thereafter we shall proceed to work out and publish those matters which are most copiously handed down in the very learned David Kimhi’s Michlol, for the practice of this art’s dikduk (that is, subtle consideration; for thus the Hebrews call that which we call grammar).

Agnellus the bishop wrote a letter to Arminius on the principle of faith, in which he chiefly refutes the Arian heresy by the consubstantial and coeternal nature of God the Father and the Son. Its beginning is as follows: Brother Martin demanded that letters be sent to your Charity, etc.

Alanus Porretanus, a learned man, wrote rules, or maxims, of heavenly law, that is, theological axioms, with interpretation.

Alardus Aemstelredamus, a Hollander by nation, corrected all the works of Rodolphus Agricola and illustrated them with learned scholia.

The same man wrote an epitome on Rodolphus Agricola’s book On Dialectical Invention.

He also described Ecclesiastes according to all the passages of Rodolphus Agricola.

There are also extant certain other small works of the same man, namely Sacred Similitudes, and a paraphrase of the letter of Hippocrates of Cos to Damagetus, which he rendered paraphrastically from Greek into Latin.

Many epigrams, letters, prefaces, annotations, and little commentaries on various other authors by him also survive, not yet known to us through printing.

His too is the translation from German into Latin of a little book on the miracles performed through the venerable Eucharist at Brussels in Belgium.

Albertus Crantz, a remarkable lover of more refined literature, described Sweden, Denmark, and Saxony.

Albertus de Ferrarijs of Piacenza wrote on the canonical hours. Likewise on the celebration of Masses, on the first chapter of the third book of the Decretals, which begins Presbyter.

Albertus Florentinus under Nicholas V wrote excellent books on architecture, as Aeneas Sylvius testifies in the Description of Europe, chapter 58.

Albertus Pius, count and prince of Carpi, and a zealous imitator of the Ciceronian style, wrote a paraenetic letter, in the form of a book, to Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam.

Albertus Pighius, of Kampen by homeland, German by nation, wrote on the discovery of the equinoxes and solstices, to Dom Franciscus Molinis, abbot of Saint Maximin, secretary and councillor of the king of the Franks, etc.

Likewise on the method of celebrating Easter and on the restoration of the ecclesiastical calendar, to Leo X, supreme pontiff.

A defense of astrology by the same Pighius, and a certain book against prognosticators, has been published.

Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

Moreover he also published other books, namely: On Composing Disputes, and On the Controversies at the Diets of Regensburg.

Aldus Manutius, a Roman, very skilled in the liberal arts, wrote Institutions of Greek Grammar in pure Greek speech; On the Various Inflections of Every Kind of Nouns and Verbs. The same man wrote four books of Institutions of Latin Grammar. He also published another volume, On the Kinds of Days, and at the same time On Shadows and Hours, which are mentioned in Palladius. There are also extant his very elegant annotations on Quintus Horatius, and prefaces not to be despised, prefixed to many books printed by him. One letter of the same man to Angelo Poliziano. He composed several other little works, and translated not a few from Greek into Latin phrasing, among which he rendered Homer's poem on the battle of the frogs and mice in Latin words in prose, so that verse answers to verse. He translated in the same way also the compunctive poems of Damascenus, and well. He flourished at Venice under Maximilian, and died around the year of the Lord 1514.

Alexander the monk, by no means moderately instructed in the liberal arts, wrote the historical discourse, which is extant at Rome in Greek, On the Discovery of the Holy and Life-Giving Cross.

Alexander ab Alexandro, a distinguished jurist of Naples, published six books of Genial Days. He was illustrious in the time of Francesco Filelfo, Niccolo Perotti, and Ermolao Barbaro.

Alfonsus Ferrus of Naples, a notable physician, chief surgeon of Pope Paul III, brought to light four books On the Manifold Medicine of the Holy Wood, and on the Administration of Wine.

Aloisius Marlianus of Milan wrote an elegant letter on the disastrous voyage to Spain of Philip, king of the Spaniards.

Aloisius Mundella, a distinguished physician at Brescia in Italy, wrote twenty-three medical letters, containing an exposition of various questions and, besides, of difficult passages of Galen.

Alphonsus, a man most illustrious in every kind of good letters, made himself famous in his age by an excellent volume, which is inscribed Against Heresies.

Alphonsus, archbishop of Toledo, wrote several questions on Aristotle's books On the Soul.

Alvarus Gomes, a Spaniard, a man not unlearned, rendered the Proverbs of Solomon in verse.

Aly[unclear]

Alypius and Augustine, men of distinguished learning, wrote various letters; among them one is extant written to Paulinus, the six hundredth among the letters of Saint Augustine. A letter of the same men to Juliana, the mother of the virgin Demetrias, 145. A letter of the same men and Fortunatus to Generosus, 165.

Ambrosius Catharinus Polites of Siena, of the family of Saint Dominic, a man excellently furnished with keenness of intellect, letters, and divine and human learning, and endowed with a certain rare piety, wrote:

On the Foreknowledge and Providence of God, one book. Qm quam ipsos rerum [unclear]

On the Predestination of God, three books. De predest. ergo Dei trac [unclear]

On the Exceptional Predestination of Christ, [two?] books. Ad gloriam summi Dei

On the Glory of the Good Angels and the Fall of the Evil Ones, one book. Illius praecepti rationem

On the Fall of Man and on Original Sin, one book. Although this is most certain

On the Immaculate Conception of the Divine Virgin, three books. That old deceiver and wonderfully [unclear]

On the Consummate Glory of Christ Alone and of the Divine Virgin, one book. That Jesus Christ on the third [unclear]

On the Certain Glory, Veneration, and Invocation of the Saints, two books. Since by this name of divine [unclear]

On the Universal Death and Resurrection of All, and on Eternal Judgment, one book. Whether all men

On the Truth of Purgatory, one book. That there is a certain kind of punishment [unclear]

On the Reward of the Good, and Eternal Punishment, one book. Not only among the orthodox [unclear]

[unclear], one book. That nothing is so great [unclear]

The Mirror of Heretics. If good farmers those [unclear]

Against the Errors of Thomas Cajetan.

Against the Heresies of Martin Luther.

He is perhaps still living in Italy under Emperor Charles V and Pope Paul III.

Ambrosius Contarenus, a most distinguished man, ambassador of the Venetians to Vxmucossa, king of the Persians, described his journey. I suspect, however, that it was written in Italian.

Ambrosius Pelargus, commonly Storck, of the order of Saint Dominic, a man in

On Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

most practiced in sacred and profane letters, and the most vigilant preacher of the most reverend arch-prelate of the Church of Trier, published many distinguished little works against heresies, of which I have found only the following.

On the sacrifice of the Mass, a little disputation of the pious man and the misoliturgist.

Again on the sacrifice of the Mass, both in Latin and in German, to the senate of Basel.

Against the Eleutherobaptists, book 1.

A refutation of the counsel of Oecolampadius concerning the postponing of the baptism of little children until that age at which they will already begin to babble, book 1.

Against the iconoclasts, book 1; and

Whether it is right to take action against Anabaptists, inasmuch as they are heretics, book 1.

Desserts of letters sent in turn to Erasmus of Rotterdam.

He also wrote annotations on sayings brought forward by Erasmus of Rotterdam in an unorthodox manner.

A little book On Death Not to Be Feared, not yet committed to the press.

A dialogue, not yet printed, of men and women, standard-bearers of the Lutheran sect.

The same man rendered into Latin the liturgy of Saint Chrysostom.

There is added a Doxology in Greek and at the same time in Latin, which was also in use among the ancients both in the Mass and in morning prayers.

Likewise the Nicene Creed, made Latin from the Greek by the same man.

All according to the exemplar of the library of the monastery of Saint Simeon, which is held to be very ancient at Belgian Trier, with brief annotations by the same Ambrose.

On the celibacy of priests he published a little book filled with learning.

Besides these works that have been enumerated, he also wrote innumerable sermons, and very learned exegeses on various books of the Bible, but not yet brought to light.

He enjoys the air above in the year of the Virgin birth 1546, intending to write many more things for the sake of students.

Ambrosius Spiera of Treviso, of the order of the brethren of Saint Mary, wrote a Lenten book On the Flowers of Wisdom.

Amedeus, bishop of Lausanne, wrote eight homilies on Mary the virgin mother, filled with much learning.

Anacletus, Roman pontiff, a man of most holy life and of learning not to be despised, published decrees and a letter, which is found in the volume of councils.

To the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers.

Five Greek sermons of Saint Anastasius of Antioch, perhaps bishop or presbyter, are preserved there:

1. On the correct dogmas of truth among us.

2. παρ᾽ ἐκπεμψθαι, that is, On the uncircumscribed.

3. On the divine economy or dispensation.

4. On the suffering or impassibility of Christ.

5. On the resurrection.

Anastasius, monk of Mount Sinai, wrote commentaries on the sixth psalm. He also published other things, of which the following are held:

An oration at the beginning of Lent.

On the diverse ways of the soul's salvation.

All these, the catalogue of the Palatine library bears witness, are preserved in Greek at Rome.

Andreas Albius, a physician of Bologna, published an excellent book on medicine, and, if the powers above favor him, will soon give six dialogues on waters. He is still flourishing in the year of the Lord 1546.

Andreas Alciatus, jurisconsult, most famous in our age, wrote a book of Emblems, which contains about one hundred various pictures as if hieroglyphics; their meaning, which follows each one, is acutely explained by elegiac epigrams. The inscriptions are of this kind: The insignia of the duchy of Milan. The treaties of the Italians. On silence. That even the fiercest are tamed. That gratitude is to be returned. Concord. Love the most powerful passion.

On weights and measures, book 1.

Of the same man, Paradoxes to Pratus, 6 books.

Corrections on the first 3 books of the Code, 3 books.

Things Passed Over, book [unclear]. Punctuations, 4 books.

On what is at stake, book 1. One declamation.

An encomium of history. A little commentary On the Divisions of Stipulations.

Corrections and explanations of several difficult passages, with a preface to Galeatius Visconti, on Publius Cornelius Tacitus.

The oration which he declaimed at Pavia.

On the meaning of words, 4 books.

And commentaries on the treatise of the same subject by the ancient jurisconsults have come forth into public from the author's final revision.

Commentaries by the same Alciatus on the rescripts of princes:

On the highest Trinity.

On the most holy churches.

On producing.

On summoning to court.

On agreements.

On settlements.

On

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition II.

On the prescription of five feet, one book. On magistrates and civil and military offices, one book. Parergon of law, three books. The process of law. An apology against Ludovicus. On presumptions. On things entrusted. On single combat. Commentaries on the title If a fixed sum is claimed. An opinion on the matter of the duel, taken from book 5 of the responses. On book 1 of the second book of the Code, On judgments which; on C. 4 of the second book of the Decretals, On trials. And many other things, by which he endowed himself with immortality.

Andreas, archbishop of Rhodes, wrote a demonstrative apology, from the writings of St Thomas, to Bessarion of Nicaea, on the divine essence and operation; it is extant in Italy.

Andreas Barbatias, most skilled in the laws, wrote many distinguished little works; among them the following are reported:

On [z.?] ff. novi. Four volumes of opinions. On the Clementines. On the first [book] of the Infortiatum. On cardinals. On book 2 of the Decretals, rubric On witnesses, chapter Testimonium. On book 2 of the Decretals, rubric On sureties, chapter Dilectorum. On book 2, chapter, rubric [unclear], chapter Quae admit. On [z.?] C. De fideicommissis, law Cum acutissimi.

Andreas Brentzius of Padua translated into Latin Hippocrates’ book On the Nature of Man, and also the same author’s book On Dreams, with a preface to Sixtus, the supreme pontiff, in which he discusses dreams at length. To this little book is appended an epistle by the same author to Ni. Gupalatinus, in which he explains the words of Hippocrates by which he assigns the internal parts of the body to the Moon, the middle parts to the Sun, and the external parts to the Stars; and why Hippocrates commands supplication to be made to the Sun, to celestial Jupiter, to terrestrial Jupiter, to terrestrial Minerva, to Mercury, to Apollo, to Earth, and to the Heroes.

Andreas Camutius, a physician in Cisalpine Gaul, published certain propositions in philosophy and medicine, to which he promises that he will respond, and a certain little work in which he attempts to reconcile philosophy and theology. He flourished in the year of the Lord 1545.

Andreas, bishop of Crete, wrote several notable sermons, which are entitled:

A sermon on Lazarus four days dead.

430 In the Abbot of Sponheim, On Writers.

Sermon 2 on the divine resurrection of the Lord. And thereafter he published other homilies on the feasts of the saints. All these are preserved in Greek in Italy.

Andreas ab Exea, doctor and interpreter of both laws in the Academy of Valencia, wrote a little book on the treasury and fisc, and on the prefecture of the accounts of both.

Andreas Gratiolus of Tusculum, from Benacus, translated into Latin the commentaries of Eustratius, bishop of Nicaea, on the second book of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics.

Also the concise expositions of an uncertain author on the same work.

Andreas Janus Lascaris Rhydacenus excerpted certain things from the histories of Polybius on the military affairs of the Romans, and especially on the laying out of camps. He rendered the same into the Latin language.

Greek and Latin epigrams by the same man.

Andreas à Lacuna, a Spanish physician of Segovia, wrote on the method of recognizing, preventing, and driving off pestilential fever.

There is also extant by the same man an anatomical method, or contemplation on the dissection of the human body.

I also translated not a few works, concerning which the following are given:

A little book of Aristotle On Virtues, translated from the Greek and illustrated with many scholia and examples.

From the commentaries On Agriculture, formerly ascribed to the divine Emperor Constantine, the last eight books, in which the nature, habits, and nurture of very many animals are described, translated into Latin according to the authority of very ancient codices.

One book of Galen of Pergamum On Philosophical History, turned into Latin.

By the same interpreter, that work of Aristotle On the Nature of Plants.

He poured Aristotle’s book On the World into Latin.

He also wrote other little works, namely, on the regimen of diet and exercises to be observed, especially in old age.

And Europe Lamenting Herself.

Andreas de Novo Castro, skilled in scholastic theosophy, published an excellent volume on the four books of the Sentences.

Andreas Stiborius, a Bavarian, canon at Vienna in Austria and a distinguished professor of mathematics, wrote many books, of which only the following have come down to us:

A book of astronomical instruments of the first and second movable [heaven], with their proper old canons.

Ecclesiastical [writers], Addition II.

The Austrian Shield with canons, in which the face of the astrolabe shines forth at every moment.

A little book on various clocks: spherical, concave, columnar, pyramidal, and annular.

A little book on various compasses.

A little book on various quadrants.

An Introduction to sensible astronomy, with various astronomical pictures and an astronomical calendar.

The Arms of Stiborius’s Piety.

A Contemplation of the Mirror of Piety.

A Contemplation of the Face of the Savior.

A Contemplation on Different Marriages.

A little book on the authors of mathematics.

Prefaces to various books in mathematics, lectured on by himself.

Determinations of certain quodlibetal questions.

Andreas Thurinus of Pescia, apostolic physician, a man most learned in medical matters, wrote a letter against Matteo Curti of Pavia, physician, on the vein to be cut in the treatment of pleurisy.

And likewise to Paul III, On the Perfection of the Treatment of Pleurisy.

Responses by the same author against Matteo Curti, on the place of the vein to be cut in disease of the ribs.

The same man wrote On the Goodness of Waters, of spring-water and cistern-water, which is [unclear]; and a dissertation on the new embrocha, or artificial shower-bath.

There is also extant, by the same author, a Defense of Hippocrates and Galen against Girolamo Fracastoro, on the causes of critical days.

Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, public professor of the school of physicians at Padua, composed paraphrases on the ninth book of the very famous Arab physician to King Almansor, on the treatment of affections of the individual parts of the body.

There survives a letter of the same man, which teaches that the axillary vein of the right elbow is to be cut in pain of the side, and that melancholic juice is purged from the branches of the portal vein pertaining to the seat.

There are also extant seven books, On the Fabric of the Human Body, with most elegant figures of all kinds, by the same author.

Angelo Andrea Resende, Portuguese by nation, composed a learned and elegant poem against the foolish barkers at more polished literature. An-

In the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers

Angelo Aretino, J.C. (whom they otherwise call Angelo Gambiglioni, or de Gambiglioni of Arezzo), wrote two volumes of commentaries on the Institutes of civil law, addressed to Leonello d’Este, marquis of Ferrara.

Likewise:

On Testaments, and the Clauses of Testaments.

On Crimes in Law, and the Clauses of Inquisitorial Procedure.

On the three books of the Code.

Two volumes of Counsels. Certain singularia.

A Repertory of Law.

A repetition, for the third time, on C. De bon. vac., book 10, l. Si vacantia.

Angelo Bolognini publicly taught surgery from Avicenna at Bologna, and wrote two books on the care of external ulcers, in an uncultivated style. In the first part of these are set forth the things that impede consolidation, what and how many they are, how they do harm, and how they are recognized. In the other, medicines are administered both generally and individually.

The same man composed a book on common ointments, in the solution of continuity.

Angelo Cospi of Bologna, a man thoroughly learned in both Greek and Latin literature, translated the sixteenth and seventeenth books of Diodorus Siculus.

Antiochus Tibertus of Cesena, professor of the liberal disciplines, wrote three books on chiromancy to Ottaviano Ubaldini, count of Mercatello.

Antipater, bishop of Bostra, composed a sermon on the Nativity of Christ. It is extant in Greek in Italy.

Antoninus, bishop of Constantina, driven into exile under Arcadius by Genseric, king of the Vandals, wrote an exhortation.

Antonius of Brescia worked out a learned work of sermons, which is extant in Italy.

Antonius Broekwey (which word may be rendered in Latin as Paludopascuus), of Königstein, guardian of the Regular Observance of St. Francis at Nijmegen, composed elegant expositions on the four Gospels. The same man also wrote commentaries on several epistles of St. Paul,

On Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

[Unclear] that very thing and all the rest, if he had lived somewhat longer; on the road between Brula and Deventer, for a most just cause of his Brulensian convent at that time, not far from the town of Restanum in Cleves, in the lodging of a certain little village, he died unexpectedly from pain in the sides contracted from cold humors and excessive fatigue, and this in the winter after that famous plague which raged most fiercely at Cologne through the summer and autumn of the year 1541.

The same man wrote, by means of figures, a brief Monotessaron of the Gospels, which is wonderfully useful to preachers of the word of God for aiding the memory; printed at Cologne in the year of the Lord 1542.

Antonius Cermisonus, a man fully instructed in healing bodies, the teacher of Savonarola, is said to have written many little works on medicine, which have not yet come into our hands. I have read only that notable work which he wrote in the form of counsels, one book. He wrote On Urines.

Antonius Codrus Urceus, a man of distinguished learning, was born at the little town of Herberia in the territory of Reggio, which is about seven miles distant from Modena, in the year of salvation 1446. He left to posterity several immortal monuments of his mind; although he was by no means able to put the final hand to them, nevertheless for the most part they show how great was his faculty of expression, how great his talent, and finally how great his learning. In composing and arranging poems, both in Greek and in Latin, he was very ready; in this kind there survive very many of his elegies, epigrams, and Sylvae. Those who read them will see how highly the acuteness of his wit and his judgments are to be valued. To the Greek vocabulary he added many things of his own and corrected many things. He wrote sermons or orations filled with much learning, etc., and many other works, which you have appended below.

Letters, two books. Sylvae, two books. Satires. One Eclogue.

Antonius Eparchus of Corcyra teaches Greek literature at Venice. He translated into the Latin tongue several books of Polybius’s Histories, not yet published either in Greek or in Latin.

He is still living in the year of the Lord 1546.

Antonius Fumanellus of Verona, a physician, by far the most practiced in the use of the art throughout all Italy, published a complete method for diagnosing and curing all fevers.

By the same man there is a surgical counsel on fracture of the skull, a wound of the breast and lung, and inflammation.

A history and method of cure for difficulty and constriction in passing urine.

Likewise:

Whether mineral water is suitable for difficulty of urination. On the powers of the iron-bearing bath and on the nature of iron. On the baths of simple water.

Antonius Gazius of Padua, an illustrious physician, in the year 1490, as he himself testifies at the end of his book, wrote a book On Preserving Health, which he entitled The Flowering Crown, evidently because from the chief opinions of physicians, as though from little flowers, he arranged this work like a certain garland.

He flourished under the dominion of the Venetians in the year of salvation 1504.

Antonius Goveanus, a Portuguese, wrote certain epigrams and four letters.

The same man restored not a few things to their former splendor, among which Virgil and Terence are especially reckoned.

On the same Terence he published very elegant commentaries. He also translated Porphyry’s Introduction on the Five Predicables very elegantly. And he brought to light an exposition on Cicero’s speech Against Vatinius the Witness; the critical part of logic.

Antonius Lodovicus, a physician of Lisbon, a most learned man, composed certain works on medical matters; among these the following are the chief:

On Occult Properties, five books. Problems, five books.

Antonius Mancinellus, a distinguished grammarian, flourished and wrote many works at Venice around the year of the Lord 1490. All his works are comprised for those who choose them in these verses:

The Government of Words, Variation, Ear of Grain, Figure, Thesaurus, Flowers, these first kept vigil here, that is, in his homeland. Afterwards Rome gave the Gymnasium, the commentaries on Maro, Then on the Satirist, thence on Flaccus, and the Versilogus likewise. Brought to the Venetian shores at the urging of Pomponius, You write the file of Laurentius, and thence the Method. You explain the Dreams, who were seen greater, Scipio; And at the same time the Rhetorician, or the work of Cicero.

Antonius Marinarius, of the Carmelite profession, a most celebrated theologian, composed three books On the Consonance of Jesus Christ and the Prophets. He flourished in the year of the Lord 1545.

Antonius Musa Brasavolus, a physician of Ferrara, wrote an examination

On Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

[the names?] of all simple medicaments whose use is in the workshops, especially in Italy and at Ferrara; he also wrote, in eight books, an exposition of the Aphorisms and Prognostics of Hippocrates and Galen, commentaries and annotations with two very full indexes, and many other works, by which he endowed himself with immortality.

Antonius Panormita was master of letters to Alfonso of Aragon, king of Sicily, and wrote his memorable sayings and deeds in four books.

Antonius de Prato, of Trent, wrote a book On the Commonwealth, On Fiefs, On Second Marriages, and a Repertory on Bartolus.

Aquilius Severus, in Spain, of the family of that Severus to whom Lactantius’s two books of letters are written, composed a volume, containing, as it were, the [unclear] state of his whole life, both in prose and in verses, which he called [unclear] or [unclear]. He died under the emperor Valentinian.

Armandus de Bellovisu, of the Order of Preachers, wrote an explanation of difficult terms, both of theology and of philosophy and logic.

Arnoldus Peraxylus Arlenius, a man learned beyond his years even in youth, is still, unless I am mistaken, in the household of the most noble Lord Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, ambassador of the imperial majesty among the Venetians, a singular pillar of the literary commonwealth, and one who has deserved exceedingly well of every kind of study and wisdom, while he has diligently sought out ancient authors, especially Greek ones, in the libraries of Italy, and restored them to the light and use of mortals. We expect from him, if God prolongs his life, certain treatises from Plutarch on morals, not yet translated by anyone; also seven books of Dio Cocceius’s Roman History, rendered purely into Latin speech; and the commentaries of Olympiodorus, the great Platonic philosopher, on Aristotle’s Meteora.

From the sacred writers Chrysostom, Theodoret, and others, he will give most beautiful sermons, commentaries, and orations hitherto unseen. In addition, he has resolved to publish certain little notes on Lactantius Firmianus, in which he attempts to refute the trifling superstition and vanity of the ancients, and to establish that our own doctrines are much more certain and true by law.

Arnoldus de Villanova, by nation a Frenchman from Provence, or, as others will have it, a Catalan, since Villanova is a town four miles distant from the city of Girona in Catalonia, was most devoted to astronomy, and certain men asserted that he had been a heretic. Sent by King Frederick from Sicily to the pope, he died at sea and was buried at Genoa.

He expounded very many volumes in every branch of learning, from the excellence of his own intellect, without a teacher.

A certain principal work of his on medicine is in circulation.

He also wrote an elegant letter on alchemy to the king of Naples.

On Abbot Spanheim, On Writers.

Arnoldus Haldrenius of Wesel, a man conspicuous for singular holiness of life and exact knowledge of sacred scripture, and most skilled also in the three languages, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, equally strong in verse and in prose: he was of such humility that the various works, as we have learned from his friends, which he both composed and corrected, he did not publish to the public, apart from these few:

While still rather young he corrected Macrobius, adding, so far as could be done, those things that were missing from the Greek sources.

He applied the same labor to restoring Diomedes, the ancient grammarian, and likewise certain others less well known.

He published a little book on the Ten Commandments of the Decalogue, on that Gospel saying: If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments.

Likewise another, against the hagiomastiges; and others, which, as we have said, still lie hidden.

He wrote several prefaces or letters, placed before various authors partly in his own name, partly in another’s.

Also many epigrams, either purely Greek or translated from Greek into Latin. Among these the chief are those in Heresbach’s translation of Herodotus; when the translator, for I know not what reason, unless perhaps terrified by their majesty, had left them untouched in translating, this Arnoldus of ours, for the sake of public usefulness, rendered them into Latin no less splendidly than they had formerly been in Greek.

His too are those summaries prefixed to the individual distinctions of the commentary of Dionysius the Carthusian on the four books of the Sentences, expressed almost in individual distichs, although several of these, especially in Books I, III, and IV, left in passing by Haldrenius, were supplied by a certain Noviomagus, as the copy of Arnoldus preserved up to now in the Carthusian house at Cologne clearly bears witness to this very fact.

He died in the year of the Lord 1534, on the thirtieth day of October. For him, in the chief church at holy Cologne, where he was a canon and where he is buried, students of his piety and learning placed this epitaph:

Quis=

To the Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition II.

Whoever you are, if you wish to enter blessed rest, and so enjoy everlasting peace with Christ, you must listen to the words of God and follow them. Therefore, while it is granted to live here, learn to die. Death is a passage to life, if you believe in him who, seized by love of us, bore death.

Arsenius, archbishop of Monemvasia, collected apophthegms of philosophers, emperors, rhetoricians, and poets.

The same man collected Greek scholia on seven tragedies of Euripides, namely on Hecuba, Orestes, the Phoenissae, Medea, Hippolytus, Alcestis, and Andromache.

There is also a little book compiled by him, containing various witty poems, and several fables and poetic explanations, and certain passages from the Stromata of Clement concerning the thefts of writers.

And he is said to have collected many other things. He flourished under Charles V, the most unconquered Roman emperor.

Asianus, bishop of Sardis, a man of no common learning, delivered to the emperor Antoninus an Apologeticum for Christians, both pious and catholic.

Audbertus, wonderfully practiced in divine letters, published certain most learned homilies, which Alcuin the Levite collected.

Augustinus Dathus of Siena, philosopher and orator, highly skilled in both sacred and profane literature, composed various little works, of which the following are extant:

On the immortality of souls, ten treatises. Latin orations, 222. Letters, 3 books. A fragment of the history of Siena, 3 books. A little book of the history of Plumbino. A work of elegances, On the Flowers of Eloquence. A discourse On Pleasure. An introductory little book On the Order of Learning, addressed to his son Nicolaus. A little book addressed to his dearer pupils, against the common opinion of many concerning the nine words, namely: Manes, Lucus, Bellum, Officium, Parca, Ludus, Ocium, Coelum, Eumenides. A little book On the Genius and the [unclear] genialis.

438 On the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers.

The first lecture, when he had begun publicly to explain Virgil’s Aeneid. A little book On the Blessed Life. Plato’s book On the Bird Halcyon, translated from Greek speech into Latin. A treatise On the Seven Virtues, namely faith, hope, charity, also prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance. On the sacraments of bread and water, 1 book. On the marriages of the saints, 1 book. A little book of Flosculi, which explains in alphabetical order the force and usage of several words.

Augustinus Dodo, a Frisian, canon at Saint Leonard’s in Basel, once first collected the works of Saint Augustine; for the individual works he had learnedly prepared arguments and judgments on the works, since he was most studious, but plague carried him off at an untimely age in the year in which the work was to be begun, namely [unclear].

Augustinus Iustinianus of Genoa, of the Order of Preachers, bishop of Nebbio, arranged an Octaple Psalter in a handsome order, and rendered both Testaments from the Hebrew, Greek, and Chaldean truth into purer Latin expression.

He flourished under Leo X, Supreme Pontiff.

Augustinus Niphus, philosopher of Sessa, translated many little works of Aristotle and wrote not a few commentaries on them. He wrote a book On the Infinity of the First Mover, addressed to Cardinal Dominicus Grimanus.

And another book On the Immortality of the Human Soul, against the little book of the philosopher Petrus Pomponatius, and the following other little works:

On the Active Sense, 1 treatise. On the Beautiful, 1 book. On Auguries, 1 book. On the Calamities of Our Times, 1 book. On Courtly Affairs, 1 book. On the Comparison of Arms and Letters. On the Profit of Enmities. The Apology of Socrates. Aristotle’s Rhetoric. On the French Disease, 1 book. On the [unclear] figures of the stars, 1 book. On critical or decretory days, 1 book. On the false prediction of a flood, which was spread abroad from the conjunction of all the planets that will occur in Pisces in the year 1524, 1 book.

On Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II

Instructions on Ptolemy’s Apotelesmata, one book. A playful Dialectic; and he composed very many other works, a man worthy of immortality, under Charles V, emperor of the Romans.

Augustinus Steuchus of Gubbio, a canon regular of Saint Saviour, distinguished in every kind of wisdom, produced elegant annotations on the Pentateuch of Moses. Besides these he composed other works, of which he has the following:

On perennial philosophy, ten books, together with a little book on the name of Gubbio, his own city. Against the Lutherans, [unclear] books. The same man’s Cosmopoeia, or exposition on the fabric of the world from the three chapters of Genesis. The same man wrote very learned commentaries on forty-seven Psalms. He is still alive and is meditating many things under the most unconquered emperor of the Romans, Charles V, and Pope Paul III.

Avitus, a priest, a Spaniard by birth, translated into Latin Lucian’s book, written in Greek, on the revelation of the tomb and relics of the body of Saint Stephen, and, with his own letter added, gave it to the westerners through Orosius the priest.

[unclear]

Bachylus, bishop of Corinth, regarded as illustrious under the emperor Severus, wrote, in the person of all the bishops who were in Achaia, a book full of learning on Easter.

Bacciauius, a man of Christian philosophy, unencumbered and ready, deciding to devote himself to God, also chose pilgrimage in order to preserve his integrity. He is said to have published pleasing little works, but of them I have read only one, on faith, in which he satisfies the pontiff of the city against the querulous slanderers of his pilgrimage, declaring that he undertook the pilgrimage not from fear, in the manner of men, but for the sake of God, so that, going out from his land and from his kindred, he might become a co-heir of the patriarch Abraham.

Baptista Fulgosus wrote an incomparable work, arranged in nine books, on the memorable sayings and deeds of emperors, princes, dukes, bishops, priests, private persons, etc.; drawn partly from all the historiographers who exist anywhere, and partly illustrated by examples that occurred in his own age, of which there is the greater part, so that he can deservedly be called another Valerius Maximus, both on account of his native eloquence and on account of the variety of matters which he inserts everywhere.

Bar[unclear]

In the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers

Barlaam, a Calabrian, a monk of Saint Basil, flourished at almost the same time as Francesco Petrarca. Learned in both languages, he gathered into one volume many things that pertain to the disciplines. Certain Greek little works of the same man are extant in Italy, namely: several letters; Logic, five books (elsewhere six); Geometry.

An arithmetical demonstration, or geometrical demonstration, on numbers. A theological speculation on the discovery of the feast of Easter. Sermons against the Latins on the Holy Spirit are extant at Rome. Little works by the same man and by various others on the procession of the Holy Spirit are there also.

Bartholomaeus Argentarius, an Italian by nation, a physician by profession, indeed an excellent and very learned man, proficient in both languages, collected an outstanding work of medical matters from Galen’s books for the use of students.

He is still illustrious in the year of salvation 1546, while Charles V, the most unconquered emperor of the Romans, is reigning.

Bartholomaeus Arnoldus of Usingen wrote a compendious summary of the whole of logic.

The same man’s Little Book of Natural Philosophy, or interpretation by figures and tables, in an epitome of the Physics, completed in three treatises. To these is appended a question on the quiddity of continuous quantity.

Bartholomaeus Cocles of Bologna, a distiller of medicine, surgeon, physiognomist, chiromancer, and geomancer, collected a revival of chiromancy and physiognomy from many, indeed almost innumerable, authors.

Bartholomaeus Latomus of Arlon was for a long time royal professor at Paris, and is now chief counsellor of the most reverend archbishop of Trier. He devoted much labor to students, both by dictating and by writing. Certain proofs of this distinguished talent are extant; of these the following are reported:

An oration on the praises of eloquence. A funeral oration at the obsequies of Richard, archbishop of Trier. A congratulatory poem on the coronation of the king of the Romans, addressed to Charles V Caesar and King Ferdinand, the august brothers. An oration on his departure for Italy. An epitome of the commentaries on the dialectical invention of Rudolph Agricola.

Di-

On ecclesiastical writers, Addition II.

The Dialectic and Rhetoric of the same man.

Commentaries on several speeches of Cicero.

Annotations on Cicero's Paradoxes, and on the books On Duties, On Friendship, On Old Age, On the Dream of Scipio, on Cicero's Topics addressed to Trebatius, and on the Oratorical Partitions of the same author.

He also wrote in the year of salvation 1544 to Martin Bucer, in the form of a little book, a lengthy letter. Then in the following year he published an elegant book against the same Bucer, in which the following headings are treated:

On the administration of the Eucharist. On the invocation of the Church. On the celibacy of priests.

And he is still meditating certain other works, renowned under Charles V, emperor of the Romans.

Bartholomaeus Merula of Mantua, apostolic protonotary and very skilled in sacred and profane letters, wrote learned commentaries on Ovid's books from Pontus.

Bartholomaeus Vespuccius of Florence, distinguished doctor of arts and medicine, composed some scattered annotations on the Sphere of Johannes de Sacrobosco. A very elegant oration by the same man is extant.

Basilius Zanchus of Bergamo, canon of the Lateran order, composed an epitome of Latin words from various authors.

By the same man, an appendix of the words which are lacking in the observations of Marius Nizolius on Cicero.

By the same author, commentaries on epithets have appeared.

Bassianus Landus of Piacenza, a learned young man, composed Iatrologia, or two dialogues, addressed to Hercules Este, duke of Ferrara, in which is contained a method for recognizing and curing diseases.

The same man wrote two books On Human History.

And he rendered several speeches of Demosthenes into Latin.

Beatus Rhenanus of Selestat, a man abundantly learned in secular letters and very well instructed in the divine Scriptures, reviewed many books of the orthodox fathers, worn away by age, and himself composed not a few volumes, among which these are reported:

On German Affairs, 3 books.

Annotations on the extant books of Titus Livius.

Annotations on Cornelius Tacitus, with a preface.

He revised the two books of P. Velleius Paterculus' Roman History.

Very lucid commentaries on the works of D. Tertullian, together with arguments and a preface.

Ori-

442 Against the Abbot of Sponheim, On Writers.

He prefixed a letter to the works of Origen.

On all the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, a letter to Charles V, most unconquered emperor.

Commentaries on Seneca's play on the death of the emperor Claudius.

The Life of Johannes Geiler of Kaysersberg, written by the same man.

A preface to the Theophrastus of Aeneas, and to the gnomology of Xystus.

He translated two letters of Gregory Nazianzen to Themistius.

Preface and correction in the books of Pliny's Natural History.

He is still living today in his own homeland, namely in the year of salvation 1546, already an old man, and perhaps, as we hope, he will still deserve even more credit for good letters.

Beda Natalis, a Parisian theologian, wrote against certain false opinions of D. Erasmus of Rotterdam, and also of the Lutherans.

By the same author there appeared certain books on the single Magdalene, against Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples.

He flourished under Paul III and Charles V, in the year of the Lord 1536.

Benedictus Aretinus de Accoltis, a man greatly adorned with more polished learning, composed four books on the war waged by Christians for many years against the barbarians, for the recovery of Judaea and the holy sepulchre of Christ.

Benno the cardinal, archpriest of the Roman church, wrote the life and deeds of Hildebrand, who afterwards, having been made Roman pontiff, was called Gregory VII, in whose time he lived. There it is narrated why he was deposed, and certain other things are reported which no historian has yet published, neither Platina nor anyone else.

He flourished under Gregory VII, in the year of the Lord 1080.

Bernardinus Carvajal, bishop of Badajoz, a learned man and distinguished orator of the king of Spain, delivered at Rome, in the church of Saint Peter, before the senate of cardinals, after the death of Innocent VIII, an oration on electing the supreme pontiff.

Bernardus de Busti, a pious and learned man, wrote the Defence of the Mount of Piety, and the things that follow:

A counsel on buying back.

On the pact of buying back, in the first part of the Rosary.

Bernardus Lutzenburgus, monk of the Order of Preachers and prior of Cologne, wrote a catalogue of almost all the heretics who down to these times have everywhere been handed down in literary monuments, indicating their names, errors, and the times in which they lived, in [unclear] books.

In

On Ecclesiastical Writers, Addition II.

At the end he also makes mention of Martin Luther, the heresiarch. He flourished under Emperor Charles V, in the year of salvation 1531.

Bernardus Saracenus, a Venetian, a learned man, was the first of the more recent writers to write explanations and corrections on Plautus. He lived at the time of Georgius Valla.

[Bertrucius?] of Bologna composed a method for recognizing diseases, both particular and universal, in which he briefly explains the causes, signs, differences, and accidents of diseases.

Brigitta, a most holy widow, accustomed to divine converse and united to God by the perfection of inward charity, and also very famous for the prophetic spirit and for miracles, founded, at Christ’s command, a new religious order, called by her own name. She wrote on her prophecies and revelations a distinguished work, most edifying for all orders of the Church, and in every respect consonant with Catholic doctrines. She flourished in Sweden and at Rome around the year of the Lord [1350?].

Alisius of Piacenza, a canon regular, a learned and pious man, composed several excellent books, of which those set below report: two books. On Free Will against Luther, two books. And certain other works known to students.

Carolus Aretinus, formerly chancellor of Florence, learned in both languages, wrote certain comedies, from which Albertus de Eyb selected some sayings in his Poetic Pearl.

Carolus Verardus of Cesena, papal chamberlain, wrote the Baetican History, addressed to Raphael Riario, cardinal-deacon of St George, in several dialogues, about 20. He flourished while Innocent VIII presided, in the year of the Lord 1492.

Catharina of Siena, a nun of the Order of St Dominic, was the cause, through letters written to Gregory XI and by undertaking a journey, that he returned to Rome. Her writings, together with her prudence in speaking, can be compared with the great learning of theologians.

Christodulus, a monk, a man of most holy life, composed nine sermons against the Jews, which are extant in Greek at Rome in the Palatine library.

Christophorus Richerius Torichneus of Sens, royal chamberlain and secretary-chancellor of France, wrote five books on Turkish affairs, addressed to Francis, king of the French. He is still flourishing in the year 1546.

Chronicle

Chromatius, bishop of [Aquileia?], a man of rare integrity and, what is rare, as blessed Jerome testifies, a most learned bishop, composed a dissertation on the fifth and sixth chapters of Matthew, and an elegant declamation on the same fifth chapter.

Claudianus, priest of the church of Vienne, a man skilled in speaking and subtle in disputation, composed three books On the State, or On the Substance, of Souls, in which he pursues the intention of showing that there is something incorporeal besides God. Thus Gennadius.

Claudius of Auxerre, very skilled in scholastic theology, wrote a Summa and commentaries on the epistles of Paul.

Commodianus, while among secular writings he was also reading ours, received the occasion of faith; and so, having become a Christian and wishing to offer some gift of his studies to Christ, the author of his salvation, he wrote in a middling style, as if in verse, against the pagans. And because he had touched upon the writings of our fathers, he was better able to destroy their doctrines than to establish ours. Hence, when treating against them concerning the divine promises, he discoursed in a sufficiently mean and coarse sense, so to speak, striking amazement into them and despair into us. Following Tertullian, Lactantius, and Papias as authorities, he pursued sound moral doctrine, and especially love of voluntary poverty, very well, and impressed it upon students. He flourished before Gennadius.

Conradus Collin of the Order of Preachers, formerly prior and distinguished governor of the convent of Cologne, from his tender years imbibed no small learning in scholastic theology. He composed very lucid commentaries on the Prima Secundae of St Thomas Aquinas. He also wrote four books against Luther’s Epithalamium, and a seventh book on opinions or quodlibetal questions, and he would have published certain other works had not hostile death taken so great a man from us. He flourished in the year of restored salvation 1536. He died in the year 1536.

Conradus à Mure, first cantor and canon of the church of Zurich, a man of great knowledge, wrote the Fabularium, where he reviews the fables of the poets in alphabetical order, explaining chiefly the names of men and gods which are found among the poets, in a fairly large volume, which is preserved in manuscript in the library of the greater church at Zurich.

He also testifies that he wrote in verse on the natures of animals, emended the New Graecismus, and wrote several other things, which, as I found them at the end of the Fabularium, I shall append here.

Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

The New Graecismus has about 10,560 verses. A little book On the Sacraments, about 4,000. The Passion of the holy martyrs Felix and Regula and Exuperantius, about 3,000. A little book On the Proper Names of Rivers and Mountains, about 1,500. The Seats of the Romans, about 1,150. Praises of the Blessed Virgin, about 900. The [Clipearium?] of the Teutons, about 160. A Catalogue of the Roman Popes and Emperors, about 1,640. A Commendation of Rudolf, King of the Romans, about 800. He flourished in the year of the Lord 1275.

Conrad Peutinger, doctor of both laws, wrote Table-Talk Sermons, in which many things concerning the wondrous antiquities of Germany are related. The same man published an epitome On the Emigrations of Certain Peoples.

Conrad Summerhart of Calw, a Swabian, principal founder of the University of Tübingen and a theologian, wrote many works most pleasing to the learned, among which these are reported: Commentaries on the whole of physics. On Contracts, a large volume. Conclusions on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Treatise I: That God Willed to Become Man. An oration to the fathers in the Hirsau chapter of the Order of Saint Benedict, On the Twelve Monastic Abuses. He flourished in the year 1501.

Cosimo Pazzi, archbishop of Florence, a man powerful in both languages, made Latin the 41 discourses of Maximus Tyrius the Platonist.

Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, singular ornament and pillar of good letters, composed four books On the Art of Calculation. He flourished under Charles V Caesar.

Cinthio Giovanni Battista Giraldi of Ferrara, a man suited to the making of poems, wrote certain poems, and they are these: An Epicedion on the death of Lord Alfonso d’Este, prince. Hercules d’Este hailed as duke. One book of Elegies. Two books of Silvae. An Epithalamium on the marriage of Johann Sinapius. Three Eclogues.

On the Abbot of Spanheim, On Writers.

Certain things On the Parts of the Human Body. A letter On Change. And many other things which have not come down to us.

Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, often driven from the Church and received back, at last under the emperor Theodosius held the episcopate unshaken for eight years. His Catecheses are extant, which he composed in his youth.

Cyrus Theodorus Prodromus, a man zealous and learned in the divine scriptures, composed ancient and pious Greek epigrams. Arguments or chapters of each testament were composed by the same man in iambic tetrastichs of six-foot verses, and in heroic tetrastichs, which everywhere are joined beneath the iambics of the same meaning, not indeed on all the books, but on the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, and Kings. Likewise on the four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. And he composed very many other things, of which I shall append certain ones which have come down to us: Iambic and heroic tetrastichs on the three holy hierarchs, Gregory, Basil, and Chrysostom. Elegies in which he addresses the apostle Paul. Similar ones to Gregory the Theologian. Others on Basil the Great. Others on Chrysostom. Others to Gregory of Nyssa. Others on Saint Nicholas. He wrote An Exile of Friendship in six-foot iambics. Expostulatory verses On Providence. On Bareus, by whom he had rashly been called a heretic. On the Image of Life. Admonitory verses to the envious.

Daniel Barbaro, a Venetian patrician, doctor of arts, great-nephew of Ermolao, recently wrote refined commentaries on the five words of Porphyry. Likewise he published commentaries on the three books of Aristotle’s Rhetoric to Theodectes. Elegant letters of the same man to various persons are also extant. He is still flourishing in the year 1546.

Demetrius Cydones of Thessalonica, a man as learned as he was holy,

On Ecclesiastical [Writers], Addition II.

Endowed with Greek and Latin eloquence, leaving his homeland, he came to Milan, where he applied himself equally to Latin letters and to theology.

He translated the books of Thomas Aquinas into the Greek language, which are preserved today in the Vatican Library.

He wrote Against Eunomius, on the Divinity of the Son. Finally returning, he stopped in Crete, where, having distributed his goods to the poor, he lived most holy in a certain monastery there, though without profession, and there likewise died, about two hundred years ago.

He also wrote On the Procession of the Holy Spirit, against Cabasilas, who had drawn his pen against St. Thomas Aquinas.

He rendered from Latin into Greek the book of Richard, a monk of the Order of Preachers, against the Mohammedan sect.

He similarly translated certain works of St. Augustine.

He published a book against a certain Palamas.

Sermons on Pentecost.

Also letters and dialogues, all of which survive in Greek in Italy, especially at Rome.

Desiderius Erasmus was born at Rotterdam, which is a town in Holland, a province of Lower Germany, in the first years of the reign of Frederick III, emperor; the restorer of the republic of letters and its foremost illuminator, he spent his life in the most celebrated cities and schools of Germany, France, England, and Italy. After countless labors expended for the sake of students, correcting ancient authors corrupted by the injury of time, translating Greek works, illuminating and explaining the New Testament and certain other things, and finally composing very many new works, he died at Basel in the year 1536.

Whoever wishes to know all his volumes should read his own letter written to Johannes Botzheimus Abstemius.

Dexter, son of Pacianus, famous among the learned and devoted to the faith of Christ, is said to have woven, for me, a comprehensive history, which I have not yet read. Thus St. Jerome.

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, an illustrious man both by hereditary nobility and by learning and hidden wisdom, ambassador of Caesar’s Majesty among the Venetians, although occupied with the administration of the greatest affairs, nevertheless does not abandon his former studies of letters and philosophy. Especially well taught in philosophical and mathematical matters, he undertook a lucid paraphrase of the whole of Aristotle. He was likewise not only the author of the history of the Tunis expedition, but also, in good part, took charge of it together with his brothers. Many offspring of the most celebrated writers have, by his labor and industry, been restored to their former beauty, among which we have all the works of Flavius Josephus in Greek. He is still living in the year of salvation 1546, intending to restore several Greek copies to students.

Diodorus, bishop of Tarsus, was more renowned while he was a presbyter at Antioch. His commentaries on the Apostle are extant, and many other works, belonging rather to the style of Eusebius of Emesa; although he followed his sense, he could not imitate his eloquence, because of his ignorance of secular letters. He flourished in the time of St. Jerome.

Dominicus Nanus Mirabellius, a citizen of Alba and doctor of arts, wrote the Polyanthea, a very useful work, which partly, after the manner of a lexicon, explains not a few words in alphabetical order, and partly brings forward the opinions of every kind of writer on virtues, vices, and other commonplaces.

Donatus Acciaiolus, a citizen of Florence, translated from Plutarch’s Lives Hannibal and Demetrius. Nothing sweeter than his style could be wished for; its ease and ornament display the man’s most agreeable character.

Not only his learning is praised, but also the justice of his life.

He came forth from the school of Argyropylus; he died while on an embassy.

He left complete commentaries on Aristotle’s Ethics to Nicomachus, written learnedly and elegantly.

Donatus Bossius, a citizen of Milan, wrote chronicles, or books on the changes of human conditions, from the beginning of the world down to his own times.

Also on the bishops and archbishops of Milan down to the year 1489.

Dorotheus, a man distinguished by rare holiness, composed nineteen sermons in Greek, together with the lives of the holy fathers Antony, Sabbas the Younger, Euthymius, and Athanasius; on the martyrdom of Saints Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugenius, Mardarius, and Orestes. By the same author there is a certain Greek book without a title, and another On Love, and twenty-one chapters of teachings.

Also a monastic work. All survive in Greek at Rome in the pontifical library.