Clavis Polygraphiae

To the divine Maximilian Caesar: a letter of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James at Würzburg, on the Polygraphia.

I was hesitating with a wavering mind, most invincible Emperor Maximilian, and was myself somewhat doubtful whether I should be doing something worth the effort if I dedicated the book of our Polygraphia to your Caesarean majesty. For among the great you are the greatest, among the more powerful the most powerful, and among all the wise by far the wisest; to whom, therefore, nothing should be inscribed unless it is great, nothing dedicated unless elaborated with the highest learning. But I, having attained nothing, or little, of literary learning, hesitated rather long, not without reason, whether I ought to bring my trifles before so great a majesty, since I am neither fit in talent for elaborating anything nor adorned with the necessary charm of expression.

For I know, and cannot deny, how scanty my equipment is, how rude my talent, and how empty of any vein of eloquence in speaking; for which reason, after due consideration, I stood back for some time and feared to appear before your glorious majesty as an inept writer. For since, after God, you are by right lord of the world, it is no wonder if I, an unlearned man, the least of monks, fear the judgment of so great a majesty of yours, and dread to offer those labors of mine which I know are not worthy of your hands. And while I was turning these things over in my mind, a messenger arrived with letters sent by your highness, by which you summoned me to Cologne, the expenses necessary for the journey having already previously been assigned through another. But when I reread the letters of your serenity, confidence at once overcame modest shame; consideration of your innate gentleness drove out fear.

For I know that your disposition is most mild: since you are the most modest of all, you are accustomed to be gentle to the humble and to resist the proud. You do not know how to be lifted up vainly, nor, after the manner of tyrants, to despise the humble who are devoted to your highness; because just as you have nowhere to grow on earth, so no envy will penetrate your mind. You are the greatest; you have also carried out many things, and great ones, no less bravely than wisely, both in peace and in war; by these you have also obtained an eternal name, since with reverence for highest honor you are celebrated by the love and favor of all your subjects. These are the riches of princes: the love and favor of the people, and to do justice to each according to the commandment of the charity of God. Since, therefore, all carry your name to the stars with praises, and all proclaim you most mild and most humane, there was thereafter no reason why I in particular should suspect you of being more severe, especially when by your letter you deign to entice me to write.

Thus, at last encouraged by weighing these things, I laid aside all fear and took up great confidence in the gentleness innate in you. Indeed, since all draw confidence from the fountain of your piety, why should I alone not approach trustfully? You, who are always gracious, mild, and pious to all, surely cannot be cruel to me alone. Therefore, with that humility which befits me, which I owe and can show, I approach the throne of your most excellent majesty, prostrate on the ground; I devotedly offer the aforesaid work of Polygraphia; and I humbly commend my littleness to your serenity, as a servant to his lord. Therefore now receive, most merciful Caesar, the very small little gift that I bring, in which may you deign to weigh my mind, most subject to you, not its value.

In the following synthemata of our Polygraphia there are, in certain places, some mysteries wrapped in riddles, lest the deeper meaning of the art, which lies hidden, should become manifest to the understanding of all. Just as not all things befit all people, so not everything everywhere is always suitable for everyone. Therefore certain mysteries are enclosed here, which in my judgment can be more useful and more necessary to none than to princely men. For the more matters they are concerned with, the more caution of secrecy must be applied in their counsels. For this book teaches princes to command secrecy by its arcana. But because your Caesarean majesty, occupied with many matters, does not have time to examine those things which lie wrapped in mystery, lest he be deprived of the fruit of my labor, I have added a little explanatory book of the whole work, which I have entitled the key of the Polygraphia; with it as guide you will more easily understand all the things obstructed here by figures. May God preserve you unharmed for our salvation. I wrote on the twenty-sixth day of the month of April, in the year of Christ 1508.

Table or Index of the Lucubrations of Johannes Trithemius, first abbot of Spanheim, and afterward of St. James at Würzburg.

Johannes Trithemius, abbot, was born in the village of Trittenheim, in the diocese of Trier, on the banks of the river Moselle, on the first day of the month of February, at the eleventh hour, in the thirtieth minute after midday, in the year of the Lord’s nativity 1462, in the tenth indiction of the Romans, his father being Johannes de Heidenberg, and his mother called Elisabeth de Longouico: namely, in that year in which the city of Mainz, in the dissension of two pontiffs, was captured, lost its liberty, and found servitude, many of the citizens having been driven into exile; in the fourth year running of Pope Pius, the second of that name, and the twenty-second of Emperor Frederick III. But in the year of the Lord 1482, in the monastery of Spanheim in the diocese of Mainz, namely on the first day of February, on which he had once been born, he laid aside the secular habit and there assumed the monastic one under the rule of the holy father Benedict, according to the observance newly introduced. In the following year, which was the eighty-third above the four-hundredth and thousandth, after Johannes de Colenhusen, the abbot, had been transferred by canonical postulation to [Segenia?], Johannes Trithemius, by the common election of the brothers, was promoted and ordained abbot of the aforesaid monastery of Spanheim on the fourth day before the Kalends of July, and presided for twenty-three years, one month, and nineteen days. When these had passed, not without many labors, provoked by the rashness of certain rivals, he accepted the abbacy of St. James at Würzburg, which was offered to him, and of his own free will resigned Spanheim, full of useless cares. In both places he wrote a number of little works, which he recently listed for me with his own hand on a small sheet, as subscribed below. Since you, my friend, ask me for their titles, I gladly agree to your wishes, so that, from consideration of so many labors of our common friend and teacher, you may hold his memory more closely. And first, indeed, I shall record the titles of those lucubrations which he laboriously composed while he was abbot at Spanheim. First he wrote the constitutions of his order which were made in the provincial chapters by command of the presidents, one book. On the manner of holding a provincial chapter, one book. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, two books. Homilies and exhortatory sermons to his monks, two books, which he dedicated to his predecessor. On the temptations of cloistered persons and the remedies for the same, two books.

[unclear] on the priestly life, one book. Against the private property of monks, one book. On the vanity and misery of this life, one book. A penthic work, that is, a mournful one, on the ruin of his order, one book. On the illustrious men of his order, four books. Praises of the order of the Carmelite friars, two books. To Gerlacus, abbot of Deutz, Praises of Manual Writers, one book. To Johann Dalberg, bishop of Worms, On Ecclesiastical Writers, one book. On the praises of Saint Anne, grandmother of the Lord, one book. To the questions of Rutger the Sicambrian, canon of [Dumetis?], one book. A chronicle of his monastery of Sponheim, a volume of no small size, one book. A chronicle or annals of the monastery of Hirsau, two large volumes. A chronicle of the succession of the dukes of Bavaria and the counts palatine, to Philipp, count palatine and prince-elector, one book. The Life of Saint Irmina, nun and first abbess in the Horrea at Trier, one book. On the misery of claustral prelates, two books. Praises of Saint Andrew the apostle, one book. Praises of Saint Joseph, foster-father of the Lord, one book. Praises of Saint Benedict the abbot, one book. Praises of the monastic life, one book. Praises of true penitence, one book. Praises of the study of the divine scriptures, one book. A monologue of a man devoted to God with himself, one book. On the miracles of the holy mother Anne, one book. To Ulrich, canon of Cologne, on questions concerning the Gospel of John, one book. To the same, on questions concerning the Psalms, one book. To the presidents of the annual chapter on the observance of Bursfelde, he abridged the statutes of the same union, one book. The spiritual exercise of monks, one book. An epitome or breviary of the same, one book. On ecclesiastical computation, one book. On the illustrious writers of Germany, to Jakob Wimpfeling of Schlettstadt, one book. Letters from Sponheim to various persons, four books. Orations delivered in chapters and elsewhere are twenty-four in number; these make one book. He wrote forty very fine sermons to his brothers of the Sponheim monastery, one book. Sermons to the people on feast days, one book. Several supplicatory prayers to God and the saints, one book. From the Greek language he translated into Latin Maximus the abbot on the incarnation of the Lord. Also the anathemas of Saint Cyril, archbishop of Alexandria, promulgated against heretics in the third synod of Ephesus, and certain letters of the same synod. He also wrote, for the edification of monks, a notable work which he entitled On the Threefold Region of Cloistered Persons, three books. He wrote also certain other smaller works, the titles of which he did not indicate to me. These, dearest brother Nicolaus, are the Trithemian little works, which

for twenty-three years, while serving as abbot, he labored by lamplight at Sponheim, to the honor of God, amid cares and the continual occupation of household affairs, reading or writing day and night whenever he could steal for himself lawful leisure. During the years in which he presided there he brought into the Sponheim library the greatest treasury of books in every field, not only by the art of printing but also by the hands of scribes. For when I was with him for the space of one year, to learn Greek and Hebrew letters from him, I counted two thousand volumes in the library, of which at least eight hundred had been properly written with the pen on parchment and paper. I often heard from his own mouth that he had spent more than two thousand florins on books; these he had not taken from the substance of the monastery, which was always very meager, but, since he was known and dear to many princes, he spent for the most part on books the gifts with which he was honored by them. For he is the greatest lover and cultivator of books above all whom I know living in the flesh today. It is said, however, by many that his successor, who is now abbot at Sponheim, has alienated several volumes; whether this is true, I certainly do not know.

In the year of the Lord 1504, when a fierce war had broken out between the kingdom and Philip, count palatine, Trithemius, from fear of the enemy, withdrew with his library and the possessions of the monastery to Kreuznach, the nearest town; and I likewise returned to my own affairs. But in the year 1506, in the month of October, Trithemius himself, stirred by the envy of certain people, accepted the abbacy of Saint James at Würzburg and resigned that of Sponheim. There, in quiet, he writes various works, whose titles he recently sent to me at my request. To Maximilian Caesar he issued a remarkable work, which he entitled Polygraphy, in six books. To the same man, the key of the same Polygraphy, one book. Responses to Eight Questions of the same Caesar, one book. To Joachim, margrave of Brandenburg, prince-elector, Various Questions, Orations, and Propositions, twenty books. To the same man, On Foreknowings Lawful for a Christian, and Unlawful Ones, two books. To the same man he wrote that remarkable and laborious work of Steganography, eight books, which that rash Bouillus, not understanding it, criticized most ignorantly and falsely. To the same prince, Letters, one book. To the same man, Against Witches, three books. To Jacob Trithemius his brother, Itinerary of His Life, two books. To Burghard von Horneck, physician, On the Private Property of Nuns, one book [unclear].

one. He wrote a history or annals on the origin, kings, and deeds of the people of the Franks and Germans, in three large volumes, beginning the narrative with King Marcomer, who in the 433rd year before the incarnation of the Lord led the people from the borders of Scythia into Germany, to the mouths of the Rhine, down to the twenty-eighth and ninth year of Emperor Maximilian. To Lawrence, bishop of Würzburg and duke of East Francia, he wrote an epitome or abridgment of the histories of the same three volumes, in three books. To the same man, on the dukes and bishops of the Franks of Würzburg, one book. On the miracles shown at the memorial of our Lady Saint Mary at Dettelbach, six books. An Apologetic against Charles de Bovelles, who slandered the things he did not understand, one book. On the origin and kings of the Franks, one book. On the miracles of the same [unclear] at Urticetum near Heilbronn, shown, six books. An Apologetic against Charles de Bovelles, who slandered the things he did not understand, one book. On the origin of the miracles at the memorial [unclear].

A chronicle of his monastery, over which he now presides, Saint James at Würzburg, one book. To Albert, of the margraves of Brandenburg, archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg, a life of the divine Rabanus, archbishop, three books. On the translation of the same man from Mainz into Saxony, one book. To the same man, a life of Saint Maximus, bishop, one book. To John, count palatine, duke of Bavaria, and count in Sponheim, residing at Simmern, on the origin, kings, and dukes [unclear] of the letters of Würzburg, which he wrote in that abbey, [unclear] rosary in suitable form: such as the cursus, rosary, missal office, and various prayers, together also with proses or sequences on Saint Anne, [unclear] of our Savior. He also wrote praises, prayers, and a rosary on Saint Mary Magdalene. On Saint Joseph, foster-father of the Lord, a rosary. On Saint Peter the Apostle, a rosary. On Saint John the Evangelist, a rosary. At the request of John, archbishop of Trier, a sequence on Anne, which begins, “Jesu, king of the heavens,” to the melody “Ave praeclara.” Another, to be sung on her feast, which begins, “Let them rejoice on this day.” A third, to the provincial of the Carmelites at Augsburg, and it begins, “Let us rejoice in honor.” A fourth, on Saint Hildegard, virgin, which begins thus: “Praise be to thee, Lord of eternal glory.” A fifth, on Saint Rupert, duke of Bingen, which begins, “Let them rejoice on this day.” A sixth, on Saint Joseph, foster-father of the Lord, and it begins thus: “Let us sing, renowned [unclear].” A seventh, on Saint Rabanus, archbishop.

The eighth, on the wounds of Christ, which begins thus: “Let us adore Jesus Christ; let us bewail him crucified.” The ninth, on the compassion of the blessed Mary ever virgin; and it begins thus: “Come, let us weep with devout mind, sharing the suffering of the blessed Virgin Mary,” under the melody, namely, “Ave praeclara.” The tenth, on Saint Joachim, father of Our Lady, which begins thus: “Let us adore the Trinity, let us praise together the unity, of Father, Son, and Spirit.” The eleventh, on the good proper angel of every person. The twelfth, in the proper Mass of each priest [sacerdotis?]. The thirteenth, on Saint Maximus, bishop of Mainz. The fourteenth, on Saint Martha, virgin, Christ’s hostess. The fifteenth, on Saint Mary Magdalene. The sixteenth, on Saint Mary of Egypt. The seventeenth, on Saint James the Greater, apostle. The eighteenth, on Saint Andrew, apostle. The nineteenth, on Saint Benedict, abbot. The twentieth, on All Saints. And for each of the named memorials and saints he composed individual new offices of the Mass, conformable to the divine Scriptures. He wrote besides a little work of meditations and prayers on the Lord’s incarnation, nativity, life, passion, and death, suited to devotion, in two books. The Mirror of Heavenly Doctrine, serving not a little for compunction of mind, one book, which begins thus: “The beginning of human salvation.” He also composed many very devout meditations and prayers on our Lord Jesus Christ, on his most holy mother the Virgin Mary, and on various saints, composed with beautiful variety, together with very many other things, which all devout posterity will see and marvel at. These, dearest Nicolaus, are the works of Trithemius our abbot that are known to me, which he has produced in almost thirty-two years of continuous nightly study, besides those which, not yet finished, are in his hands and still under the hammer. Farewell, from my house at [Duraclusa?], on the fifth day of the month of October, in the year of our salvation one thousand five hundred and fifteen. Johannes Duraclusius.

Here ends the index of the works of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James at Würzburg, from the letter of Johannes Duraclusius, his disciple, to Nicolaus Hamerius of Emel.

Preface of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of St. James of Würzburg, in the Polygraphia to Emperor Maximilian.

We have read that many wise men of the ancients, philosophers, kings, and princes once devised various and manifold methods by which, when sending their messengers to more distant places, they might safely entrust to them the secrets of their counsel, and whatever secret mystery happened to need to be confided: so that they might become fit for carrying these things through, and safe from every attack of wicked men, lest either the simplicity of the cabalists should lay bare the mystery, or the inborn curiosity of the [bacucei] should bring harm upon apostolic matters.

Great among these, Caesar Augustus of the Romans, desiring in difficult matters to use the dark service of messengers, changed the breathings of the conceived utterance from clear forms into obscure ones; and by the [scheme?] of transposition, with a fine invention, he made their barbarousness, though resisting his wishes, conform to his nod. And this receptive and almost perpetual order, nevertheless subject to will and to the reckoning of time, although it keeps messengers safe on the road from the attack of the [bacucei], yet, by not keeping the regulated limits of its own system, will make all who look on anxious with suspicion of the matter.

That famous Archimedes of Syracuse, easily the chief of mathematicians, took a white bird suited to his arrangements, bare as to head and feet, and fastened it round about to a staff cut into the form of a tetragon; and, after his assistants had been set in due proportion, he entrusted the work to the winged instrument, until the image of the white bird appeared changed into a magpie. When this had been duly performed, he loosened what had been fastened with his own hand; and when he had allowed it to fly away, at once a great separation of appearance took place among the intimates of the inner chambers; and soon there arose the too-vagrant monster of an image, previously monastic and twisted, at the sight of which no one could think what it was. Nor did the disagreement of the owls come to rest before the image of the master had skilfully bound the magpie again with a similar tetragon.

Marcus Tullius Cicero, the eloquent orator, using talent and art, changed the small elements of phrasing into signs, and placed the industry, or character, of his will in the place of the customary phrase. In this very innovation, indeed, he used such abundance that his invention could suffice for nearly all things in the world. To these fore-announcers of mysteries the discipline of the art gave a wondrous agility, so that, contrary to the nature of all solid things, they use the steps of feet; and they serve the good will of the master not by small divisions or moments, but by whole degrees. A king can always use their obedience very safely, though not without great labor and the manifest suspicion of the [bacacei].

But Cyprian, the most holy bishop and martyr of the church of Carthage, wishing to provide for the advantage of Christians, enlarged to no small extent the very teachings of the Ciceronian system, and supplied what had been lacking for our customs.

Pharamund likewise, the forty-third after Marcomer, A most powerful king of the Franks in Germany, when, in the four hundred and twenty-fourth year of the Lord’s nativity, he powerfully entered the borders of the Gauls, in order that everything might be done safely, bound foreign minutiae to his secrets.

Clodius also, called the Long-haired, the elder son of Pharamond, succeeding his father in the kingdom of the Franks, and afterward having violently subjected all Gaul to his rule, ordered all the Gauls, as conquered slaves, to be stripped of their hair and shaved as to the beard; but he commanded the Franks, the victorious lords of the Gauls, to let the hair and beard grow. Hence he was called Long-haired. In imitation of his father, he wrapped the mysteries of counsel in signs of his own and foreign signs.

Charles, surnamed the Great, the sixty-third king of the Franks after Marcomer, who first among the Franks ruled over the Romans, with Nanno the grammarian as his teacher, desiring to adorn the German tongue, which was his paternal language, with grammatical rules in imitation of Latin, began an arduous work, which nevertheless, being entangled in many affairs and forestalled by death, he did not complete. He attached owls of mystery in various and many ways; than him Brabant, or Namur, Germany had no greater native. To each prefect of the kingdom he assigned individual owls by art.

The Northmen, having gone out from the borders of Gothia, when once they were cruelly devastating Gaul, summoned owls from Greece and prepared a safe hiding-place for their secrets, which today is known to very few. Our Bede, a monk in England, not ignorant of the deed of the Northmen, described many inventions of the ancients similar to these, by which they made the bright path of mystery dark. He himself first commended artrology to later memory; he invented dactylology. There were those who distinguished minutiae by the hissings of [unclear], whose prudence turned night into day; without the service of owls, light shone in darkness.

Concerning these matters, moreover, the illustrious count palatine, prince-elector, was also concerned about our Steganography, and received from us a manifest trial of a proven document. Others, multiplying minutiae by regulated division, after the manner of barbarians overturned the forms of nature, concealing in darkness the dances of the shadows of things being born; where the secret of counsel was required, they supplied cabala to the absent through diapyramata. Great labor in these matters is required, and long exercise of the mind over years; in it no one suddenly becomes skilled for use. Necessity endures all things.

There were also those whom celestial harmony taught to compose foreign sounds, of which there was a twofold use for those who understood: while one suspended the sense, the other lifted the mind into the ether. God can do all things. Many attempted to seek light in shadow without light, but they were by no means able, because the fire lies buried in ashes. Some practiced painters of masks divided one wind into two exactly, one of which always lies hidden in darkness; the other, however, a lover of light, hates philosophical darkness, loves light, and guards the secret by means of the owl. Again, [unclear] there were some, whose purpose, advancing to wider matters, bound the wind, invisible to the eyes, to visible things, and compelled many growing things, and no less stones and shrubs, which lack voices, to speak with a human tongue. Why should I bring in brute animals, when all things obey art? This secret is rightly preferred to all inventions thus far, through which the hidden things of mysteries take on strength and power; yet reason is pleased to hide a great thing from [little ones?], and by no means to entrust pearls to swine. From nothing, nothing is brought back. The known multitude of visible things is great; but invisible things remain remote from us. If these are prudently adapted to those, the enlightened mind of man will [know?] and behold wondrous things. But to treat more fully of these matters is not the purpose of the present work; since they are greater and weightier, they require another work and another time.

Matthias, most powerful king of Hungary and hammer of the Turks harder than adamant, who in our age fought many victorious battles against the enemies of the cross of Christ, discovered many things by wondrous ingenuity and art, adorned owls with periphrases, kept his mysteries, [made them?] with manifold variety, and by manifest diligence destroyed the plans of his enemies. He preferred wisdom to gold; therefore, always victorious, he triumphed gloriously.

In the wise man there is a sound mind in a well-mortified body; borne upward by desire for a higher understanding, when through the likeness of the binary it has returned from the ternary into unity, thereafter it will easily rise to the denary. Pythagoras of Samos, that philosopher, warned his disciples not to forget the quaternary, in which the first perfection of numbering is contained. For thus we count: one, two, three, four. Stop; take thought, for you have ten. For the denary is the head of perfection. What is eleven, if not ten and unity? What is thirty? Three times ten. What is forty? Four times ten. You have a hundred, and you have not departed at all from the quaternary. And what is a hundred, if not ten times ten? Profound mysteries lie hidden in these things, and they are manifest to few.

For love of brevity we pass over in silence many who, aiding nature by art, adhered prudently to secrets, and what seemed impossible to many who did not know, they brought by keen study into easy use. A cultivated mind can do great things, and he who cleaves to God becomes, in understanding, higher than the world. There are many mysteries of kings, and counsels full of cares, in which confidence and trust are required; [unclear] harms the one who trusts, and [unclear], even when it is present, more often admits [unclear]. Therefore it will have been worthwhile for all princes to be philosophers and endowed with singular wisdom, just, gentle, benevolent, and distinguished by munificence, so that they themselves may neither wish to deceive others, nor easily be overthrown by others. Justice alone, the companion of prudence, makes a prince glorious.

The number 1234, in which the greatest secret lies hidden.

At the urging of the aforesaid prince and lord elector, Philip, Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria, I, Johannes Trithemius, now abbot of the monastery of Saint James at Würzburg, but then of Saint Martin the bishop in Sponheim, in the diocese of Mainz, began to write eight books of mysteries in steganography. But while I was already continuing my night-work on the third book of that same work, there occurred a matter which, briefly if I can, I am about to relate.

In the year of the Lord’s birth 1499, in the second Roman indiction, when Arnold Bostius, a Carmelite of the town of Ghent, asked me by letter what new thing I was publishing and with what studies I was occupied, on the second day of Palm week I wrote back to him through merchants, as to a friend, that I had under the hammer a new and wondrous work of steganography, setting out in order what was contained in each of the books. But before my letter reached Ghent, Bostius departed this life to Christ during the Easter days. The prior of that place received the letter, opened it, read it, and, astonished, as I suppose, by the novelty of what was promised, shared it with many others who asked to read and copy it. From this it came about that this letter of mine, in a short time made known through almost all Germany and Gaul, and often copied by many, turned many very learned men also to amazement and wonder, to such a degree that they hesitated what, consistently with truth, they ought to think of me. Among these there were some who steadfastly asserted that my promises in the said letter were frivolous, impossible, and false, shamelessly devised by me out of empty desire for glory. Others said: “This abbot Trithemius promises great and wondrous things; if he can do them, he can do so only by the ministry of demons, since they seem to far exceed the limits of nature. But if he cannot, who will doubt that he is a liar, deservedly to be rejected by all good and learned men?” But let both be far from me, since I promised natural things. Yet of all those who rashly judged my unknown matters, the most rash, the most unjust assessor of things, at last burst forth in public: Charles de Bovelles, a Picard by nation. After he had travelled through the upper parts of Alsace and had come to me at Sponheim for the sake of lodging, intending to return to Gaul by way of Trier, I treated him with such courtesy as I could and, for as long as he was with me, showed him all the benefits of hospitality with a cheerful countenance. And since, as commonly happens among friends, especially those devoted to the study of letters, I had shown all my things for my most welcome guest to see, among other things the aforesaid work of steganography, not yet at that time completed, also presented itself. Bovelles saw it, read it cursorily, and, his mind occupied elsewhere, said that he admired the invention and praised it; nor did he take care how it might be understood. Hence, since he did not seek the key to its understanding, he deserved to hear or perceive none of the things that were contained in that night-work of ours.

Having returned after these things to Gaul, he repaid us evil for good, and shamefully violated the covenant of Christian friendship. For when he was asked by Lord Germain de Ganay, a common friend, later bishop of Orléans, what he had found with me and seen at Sponheim, he wrote back falsehoods for truths and lies for benefits, condemning and rashly judging things which he was in no way able to comprehend with his understanding. For since he believed that the palm of learning would be conferred upon him by envy and lying, he wrote back to the aforementioned most learned man a letter full of falsehood, lies, wrongs, and many insults; in it, making mention of a steganography he had not understood, he proclaims me, by false, lying, and exceedingly injurious rash presumption, devoted to wicked arts, a magician and necromancer. To his most mendacious injuries and blasphemies, by God’s mercy, I shall shortly reply in such a way that all posterity may understand both that I am innocent and that Bovillus is impious, cruel, rash, and in this matter a liar. I steadfastly affirm, I truthfully declare, and I confidently swear upon my soul that I have never had any commerce with demons, or with wicked or pernicious magical or necromantic arts; but that each and every thing which I have either written or promised that I would write is pure, sound, natural, and in no respect whatever contrary to the Christian faith. Hence I do not fear to submit my promises for examination before good and learned men, whenever and as often as there shall be need; and I by no means intend to resist their determination. That I have inserted this history of Bovillus’s rashness into this preface of mine had a reasonable cause: namely, that all may understand that the work of steganography, which until now remains buried in darkness, was done with mature counsel; not because I fear the rash judgments of Bovillus, but lest I seem to give more such persons cause for suspecting similar things about me. Indeed, so far as concerns me, I would rather appease my rivals by silence than irritate them by letters, or provoke them to madness by writings. For I judged it better that all the things wonderfully discovered should remain in perpetual silence than that I should incur, even through men’s false estimation, the mark of pernicious magical or necromantic superstition. Let steganography therefore lie hidden in darkness; and let it not be made common to the lying Bovillian company, which is accustomed to judge concerning unknown matters and to corrupt the reputation of a good man by the mere lust of depravity. Nevertheless, since friends urge it, so that together with Bovillus our rivals may understand how rash and lying an injury he has done us, while steganography remains within its own bounds, we consent to bring into the light the following work, which we call Polygraphy, divided into six books. Let those who wish read it, and let friends read this volume without ill temper; when they have understood all its hidden mysteries, let them themselves be judges, without envy, whether they are natural or superstitious. For I know and am certain that all things are ... sincere, pure, natural, and removed from every pursuit of wicked superstition. But whenever the discourse becomes rather obscure, this is done for this reason: lest a madman should misuse the sword of defense for destruction, which a sane man in soul and mind bears for his own protection. Yet nothing evil is contained in it on that account, although perverse men misuse even good things for evil. Whoever presumes to condemn this edition of ours is himself conscious and witness against himself that he has never truly understood it. Mysteries are concealed under enigmas, lest the secrets of the Bubones be made manifest to the Bacuceans in any fashion one likes. If anyone takes pleasure in knowing these things, let him approach as a reader, with envy set far away. For I am a Christian; I am a priest and a monk under the rule of the blessed father Benedict. I love Christ, and with what sincerity of mind I can, I devoutly adore him always. I have no dealings with demons, have had none, and, with God as protector, shall have none; no studies in magical, necromantic, or profane arts; no occupations, no teachings. He who thinks otherwise of me thinks wrongly, does me injury, and defends the open lie of Bouillus. But now let us dismiss these matters, and let us set forth in order what is contained in each book of our Polygraphy.

Register or Index of the Things Treated in the First Book

In the first book of this Polygraphy of ours we arrange and distribute, according to the order of our ternary, the words of the Latin language, as many as are found. By their use and service all princes throughout the world will find safe assistance in any secrets whatever, which, without danger to the mystery, without mark, and without suspicion of the Bacuceans, will remain perpetually hidden. For the Bubones this path is established as safe, and not ever to be violated by any investigation whatsoever. Knowledge of the hidden matter is granted to only two, if the binary is skilfully reduced to the monad. Ignorance is the mother of error, and he who scorns learning a good thing which he does not know loves blindness. The periphrases themselves, moreover, are extended in the manner either of one admonishing or of one supplicating; their subject matter can be varied for every visible thing of this world. For they are suited to individual mysteries, and are set before the secrets of the Greeks no less than before our own. When you have understood the things you see, do not rashly despise the hidden things you do not see. You perceive the accidents; the substance remains invisible. Hence the greater things lie hidden; the lesser lie open to those who look upon them. Since this has been done rationally, let no good man take it for evil, since every suitable person can from these things advance to higher matters, provided he wishes to do so. But on this occasion it has not pleased me to bring higher matters into the light...

[unclear]; since an inconvenient time seems to stand in the way. I have prefixed the letters of the Latin alphabet in order to the individual words with this consideration, so that the operator may have an easy method in the proposed matter, and, reciprocally, may be relieved in the relation from excessive labor. The paraphrasmata that are placed outside the straight order of the lines are not devoid of the mysteries of the art, since they serve [unclear] propositions for the necessary completion of perfection, not obscure ones. Therefore they are also taken up in the former; they are neglected in the latter. For they themselves are certain means by which every suspicion of an adversary is removed. All things have been set down with reason, so that not even one proposition is introduced idly. By as much, for example, as the sun advances farther from the equinoctial circle, by so much the day is prolonged for those dwelling in those regions. Therefore, in order that unity may advance straight, by means of the ternary, into the binary, the paradigm that we hand down must be observed rather carefully. And first, indeed, once the operator, understanding his intention, has had prior consideration, let him observe what, by means of the binary, he will be about to grant to the ternary; let him divide the day with the night by minutes, and distinguish the small divisions of the winds, not by an alien supposition of phrase, but by its own. In any mystical business let him diligently beware lest he overturn the established order of the art, or substitute one paraphrasma for another, or grant to one what is owed to another; otherwise unity will not release the binary, and the whole operation will be confused and useless. Let the wandering night not be of excessive length; you will not press on, advancing beyond the limits established for it by the art; let curiosity not change water and snow, nor let him sleep in the day who keeps watch through the night. Let the mind, anxious in its ingenuity, use the art with watchful correction, and care must be taken lest the wind be [unclear]. After this a rule is prescribed for approaching the practice of the art: namely, that, so far as it can by mystical art, it imitate one human person consisting of two natures, that is, the soul surpassing visible things while the flesh remains visible. For just as the soul is not seen, although it has been placed in a visible body, so let the secret of the mind go as a secret; nevertheless let it operate at will, requiring the guidance of light, remaining in its own workshop of shadows. Therefore, whenever the body serves the soul, the servant the master, the will reason, see that the principal virtue of the power in the light of the paraphrasma be preserved in its natural vigor. For by this teaching the first of the Peripatetics will duly enter the second binary through [unclear]. Next likewise we advise the willing man that, whenever a leaf is moved by the wind, he should discern the property of each nature and compare the night itself with the day by degrees and minutes, and conform the darkness to the light. But if Phoebus has prejudiced the night, or the night the sun, through which a confluence of eclipse would be born, either let unity take back the binary, which is dismissed in the light, or let the shadow of night be brought back to the first line of the sun. Hold fixed in memory whatever has anywhere been produced in number, weight, and measure. Therefore, when you encounter the knot of the difficulty mentioned, number the small divisions of the night, note also the paraphrasmata of the daylight, and so temper one from the other that the necessary proportion may follow the action. Beware lest, while an eclipse of the sun lasts, you interrupt the necessary labor. No less take care that you be mindful of the ancient fathers, Thuysco, who, the grandson of Noah, is the father of the Teutons, and Marcomer, who is read to have first led the people of the Franks from the borders of Scythia into Germany, to the mouths of the Rhine. For the Franks are brothers of the Greeks and, intermingled with the Germans, once made two languages from one. Hence, according to the oracle, g.g.g. receive those who have lost one g. Finally, studious inquirer into polygraphy, you are advised that, after you have obtained the true method of working for these intentions, eagerly sought, you should prudently guard all things and not pour them out indiscriminately into the knowledge of all men, especially filthy ones. For this reason do not ask, since you know that there is nothing in the world so good and holy that the reprobate do not rather often abuse it for evil.

Indication of the things that are treated in the second book of the Polygraphy.

[unclear] and measure No. [unclear] 3 59.

An index of the things contained in the third book of the Polygraphia.

In the third book of the Polygraphia, having overstepped the prescribed bounds of our nation by rational design, we are led to foreign matters; placed in the midst of the essential [unclear] of the Franks, we wander farther abroad through images and likenesses of barbarians. For with nearly four thousand mythological paraphrases artfully arranged in order, we show a very easy path for an artificial unity, through which it will more securely [unclear] symbolic notions with its binary at all times. Here the binary is harder for unity, unless our philologist be sharp-sighted with prudence; he will render the binary contrary to the monad. For only the ternary, which proceeds from unity and the binary, like a palindrome connects both in itself. But if the necessary utility of the [reason?] extends beyond the bounds of the proposed matter, then as often as needed let the paraphrases be numbered by minutes from the beginning of the day, until the minutes establish the degree in which night equals day. The face of this image knows perpetual silence, and does not fear the deceits of these blind men. It is extended to as great an abundance as you wish; it is varied without number.

Brief index, or table, of the things treated in the fourth book.

In the fourth book of the Polygraphia we consider the binary very much; when all obstacles have been removed, without the labor of difficulty, at first sight we reduce it to unity. Hence we use a circle here in great things, a line or point in the smallest. Nor does it matter if night exceeds day, or if light does not agree with darkness, because the circle receives no end, and emptiness does not admit fullness. For they are contraries: whenever they succeed one another, one is destroyed by the other. A singular mystery, leading the binary onward, returns in this fourth book of the Polygraphia, since the airy [unclear] itself, more composite than the old base, is never designated in anything other than a binary. But in that part the lightness of owls is always suspect to us in difficult matters. The construction of this matter makes paraphrases with infinite atoms.

Index, or table, of the things treated in the fifth book.

In the fifth book of the Polygraphia we have written in order, on two tables, the letters of the Latins which we Germans use; one of these is called direct, while the other is named reversed. We have placed dances beneath them, so that what we seek with labor in foreign things we may see in our own without difficulty. For besides those things that have been set down openly by us, there still lie hidden many secrets in the inner parts; through understanding them, the worker’s path to greater things is foretold, though they are by no means proposed to all. We have subjected writings to numbers, by which, according to our will, hidden things become manifest. Hence through the skillful operation of this book, all messages are delivered securely to the cabalists, although the mysteries are not free from suspicion of the glutton Bacchae. For every transposition of the form of signs produces a sigh in the beholder, although it brings no harm from the owl. But you, who shall have attained understanding of this work, will easily penetrate every transposition of letters among our Latins.

In the sixth book, which is the last book of our Polygraphy, after introducing a mental narration, we have set out in order almost all the minute details of the preceding signs and degrees from the foregoing matters, and with arithmetical distributions we have compressed the functions of the letters into the mystery of a cabalistic operation. One thing lies hidden here in the bark, and another is found in the common operation of the signs. For just as the spirit in the blood gives life to the human body, so the vigor hidden in the art commends the operation. Therefore whoever needs knowledge of this invention should open the eyes of his understanding, so that he may comprehend what is the property of each operation. For we desire all things to be pure for good men in such a way that, if it could be done, they would nevertheless never be made manifest to the wicked. The cause compelled us to fit letters of the Latins to numbers, lest, if we were too obscure, our mind and intention should be clear to no one. Yet that novelty, so that it should not become public without reasonable cause, had to be hidden mystically under unknown signs and marks of numbering. For evening shadows are always stronger by night than by day, and just as night, in its proper order, begins the day, so light shudders at the shadows. What nature denies, no one happily dares. We ask the reader not to condemn this laborious work of ours before he understands it, but, as a judge without rashness, to seek what it is, prudently removing the bark until he comes to the hidden kernel. The work is good and natural, and can be turned to good use or bad, according as the desire of each person’s will moves him. The sword is a good instrument; it is turned to good use whenever it is carried for defense without injury to one’s neighbor. But if it is unlawfully extended to the wounding of anyone, through abuse a good thing is degraded into evil. Therefore, so that the good may have something by which they may prudently provide for their affairs, the Polygraphy is written by us; and lest it furnish the wicked an opportunity for sinning, the kernel is hidden in the bark under various enigmas. He who is good does not misuse good for evil, but rather, if he can, turns evil into good.

What the three causes of this work of Polygraphy are, and at the same time its advantages.

We have undertaken the labor of the present work, both rare and difficult, for no other reason than to provide for the usefulness of those in need. I mean those in need not of food, not of drink, but of help in preserving secrets without danger. We therefore judge that it will be opportune if we briefly note the advantages and conveniences that can come to those who use these inventions of ours. For since in our household affairs we have no business such that we need these teachings for concealing secrets, we have labored assuredly for those whose empire had to be defended. The first advantage is that, when understanding of this work has been completed, it gives the needy man an easy way by which, through the skill of the art, you will make known the secret of your mind safely, secretly, and without any suspicion on the part of any observers, to one who knows, however widely the work may extend to any distances of places by regulated speech. What lies hidden in these things, the work of Steganography brings out; it requires neither letters nor a messenger to carry the secrets to the reader. It would be otherwise in matters admitting the light, according to the common custom of all our people.

Do not take the matter otherwise than it is. The second advantage is that, by the service of this work, in the space of a short time, a man ignorant of Latin speech, provided only that he [knows?] the letters ...read and write in his mother tongue, you will teach him, in the Latin language, as you wish, to write ornately or elegantly, and to conceal and hide all the secret mysteries of his will, and safely, secretly, and without suspicion to communicate very widely whatever has pleased one who knows the art. Again I warn you beforehand not to understand us otherwise than as having promised what we do promise.

The third benefit is that, in a few hours, you will teach a man ignorant of the Roman tongue not only what we promise, namely to write and read, but also to understand, if you prudently apply the duty of the office; this we have thought should not be [considered?] without reasonable cause. For the pupil of the new art will write in a language he had not known, Latin speech composed under regulated instruction, and he will understand and interpret it, if you order him, adequately word for word. Finally, this instruction can be extended to all the affairs and business of the world. If anyone wishes to know from me how these things can be done, he should first remember to show himself such that he deserves to receive it. For not all things are owed to everyone, but one man is to be preferred to another.

The fourth benefit is that, by extending the likeness of the thing received, all these matters can be extended into any language whatever, once the binary of the instruction has been reduced to unity. Yet not just any man at random can do this, but only he whom, with God going before by his special grace, art and nature have dignified.

The fifth benefit is that, by imitation of the likeness, we can communicate to one who knows the art the inventions of our knowledge, and whatever secrets of our mind, as abundantly as we wish, in many ways, very widely, by various methods which could not be written or noted by anyone else. Here is given a manifold speech without voice, through which safely, securely, very widely, with every suspicion removed, we will be able to indicate most fully to those who know the art all the conceptions of our mind, however difficult they may be. And this wondrous invention has innumerable advances, capable of all mysteries.

The sixth benefit is that, through understanding this work, you will be able to find any regulated metathesis or transposition of letters whatever, and nevertheless to form them in such a way that they serve only those who know the art, and absolutely no one else in the world. And there is great force in metathesis of that form, and at the same time of the operation, which has several modes and is varied in many ways.

The seventh benefit is that swine are not to be adorned with pearls, nor laden with precious jewels. All things are unseasonable that do not accord with the manners of the time.

of mortals upon whom they are thrust. Many most noble talents of men have existed in times not their own, and still more new ones are found almost daily in times not proper to them. What benefit did the wonderful invention of the nautical art bring to the excellent craftsman Bartholus under Pope Innocent VIII, which in a certain little book he promises for sale at one hundred thousand ducats, when neither the supreme pontiff himself, nor the Venetians, nor the Genoese, to whom he proposed that his thing be bought, deigned to come to terms with him even for a modest sum? For he promised that within thirty months, by his art, he could keep a ship unharmed in mid-sea, repair it when broken, and bring back from the deep, without danger, any things that had been [unclear]. But no one cared. Nor does it escape me that many, with Naso, have perished by their own genius. It is therefore better to set a limit to knowledge than, without fruit, to expose oneself to the hatred and detraction of many, for whom it is more familiar to despise any knowledge whatever than to have learned it.

The end of the preface is at hand, on the seventh day of April, in the year of the Lord's nativity 1508.

The First Book of the Polygraphia, to Maximilian, of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of [unclear], formerly of Sponheim.

There are twenty-four letters and signs of the Latin language, which, when set in order before the same number of syntactic words, most abundantly convey secrets throughout, at the wish of each person working in this art. The paraphrases, however, have been arranged artificially in such a way that they produce entirely Latin speech, if only one is taken from any given order. And it should be noted that, by reason of our German language, the twenty-fourth letter, the letter w, is assumed at the end of the alphabet, since all the rest perform service for both languages. We have placed the co-signifying terms in such order by this method that, whichever one you take from each line, once the full deduction has been made, agreement will remain. Yet circumspection is needed, so that from any line of the syntax you take only one, and that no single unit do injury to the pair. Care must also be taken that, whenever you approach the cabalistic operation, you first count all and each of the minutes of the night, and join them in due proportion to the degrees of the following day. But if, with the secret thus established, the minutes do not suffice for the degrees of the day to the end, the windy runner [unclear] must, by prudent counsel, be brought back to the archimeasurer.

Nor is it an obstacle if by chance the night falls back upon the beginning of the day, since a prudent operator in the art can, by voluntary addition, withdraw from the front by as much as he sees the night surpass the light of day. And this is to be understood of the individual chapters throughout the whole work of the Polygraphia. Yet we say that this consideration must be assigned to the unit, by which the pair may be certified, by the known little mark of return, lest it happen to go astray. From the monad, through the established rule, the pair will stand, and it becomes a monad. Nothing is placed here in vain; nothing is alleged without cause or idly. Therefore we necessarily admonish everyone who wishes to copy this work of our Polygraphia, whether in whole or in part, to take diligent care first of all that he not depart in any respect from our archetype, nor skip, neglect, or transpose any word whatever. For indeed, if he omits one letter or word in substantial matters, if he changes a word contrary to its nature, he has made the progress of the whole work useless. Therefore let him either copy it properly, or not copy it.

There follow the words of the first order with the minutes for the degrees.

a God; b most merciful; c pious; d most pious; e great; f exalted; g greatest; h best; i most wise; k invisible; l immortal; m eternal; n everlasting; o glorious; p most strong; q most holy; r incomprehensible; s omnipotent; t peaceable; v merciful; x most merciful; y all-powerful; z magnificent; 20 most excellent. A

a creating; b ruling; c preserving; d moderating; e governing; f ordering; g adorning; h embellishing; i establishing; k directing; l producing; m decorating; n strengthening; o illuminating; p beholding; q admonishing; r confirming; s guarding; t discerning; v distinguishing; x enlightening; y fabricating; z saving; 20 making. a the heavens; b heavenly things; c things above the heavens; d the world; e worldly things; f men; g human things; h angels; i angelic things; k the earth; l earthly things; m time; n temporal things; o an age; p age-lasting things; q all things; r everything; s the universe; t the orb; v the stars; x the sun; y stars; z life; 21 living things.

a by holy ones b by chosen ones c by beloved ones d by most holy ones e by just ones f by justified ones g by predestined ones h by angels i by archangels k by lovers l by worshippers m by friends n by apostles o by prophets p by disciples q by martyrs r by sanctified ones s by dominations t by beloved ones v by citizens x by servants y by attendants z by ministers 20 by confessors A iii a from the heavens b from the heavenly places c from the super-heavenly places d for ever e perpetually f everlastingly g for ages of ages h for a holy age i for an age k in the kingdom of heaven l in the highest places m in the exalted places n in paradise o on Olympus p in the paradisal places q in the Olympian places r in splendors s in happiness t in forms of happiness v in glorious things x in honor y in magnificence z in perpetual light 2v in the heavenly homeland a The Majesty b of the great c of the greatest d of the supreme e of the exalted f of the best g of the most illustrious h of the most holy i of the most powerful k of the wisest l of the strongest m of the gentlest n of the highest o of the most robust p of the omnipotent q of the all-powerful r of the everlasting s of the most glorious t of the ineffable v of the invisible x of the immortal y of the inaccessible z of the most eminent 2v of the most merciful a of the creator b of the parent c of the savior d of the redeemer e of the beginning f of the founder g of the maker h of the maker i of the preserver k of the ruler l of the author m of the artificer n of the one ruling o of the dominator p of the king q of the one governing r of the emperor s of the one commanding t of the prince u of the mover x of the judge y of the liberator z of the governor 20 of the protector A iv a by Christians b by worshippers of Christ c by the faithful d by believers e by the baptized f by the reborn g by the living h by mortals i by all k by us l by the good m by the just n always by the pious o everywhere by the holy p by the meek q by the sanctified r by the devout t by the frail v by those who love x by those who hope y by those who fall z by those who sin 20 by sinners a sincerely a to be preached b sincerely b to be proclaimed as gospel c most sincerely c to be prayed to d devoutly d to be adored e most devoutly e to be entreated f humbly f to be worshipped g most humbly g to be recollected h fervently h to be remembered i most fervently i to be remembered again k ardently k to be thought upon l most ardently l to be thought upon again m most prudently m to be contemplated n prudently n to be invoked o wisely o to be honored p most cordially p to be glorified q cordially q to be blessed r affectionately r to be venerated s most affectionately s to be loved t reverently t to be cherished v most urgently v to be praised x most strongly x to be praised together y most constantly y to be extolled z cheerfully z to be exalted rv to be magnified a by many b by very many c by very many d by several e by quite a few f by various g by diverse h by holy ones i by most holy ones k by sacred ones l by consecrated ones m by sacrosanct ones n by necessary ones o by very necessary ones p by useful ones q by very useful ones r by the best ones s by very good ones t by honorable ones v by manifest ones x by frequent ones y by very frequent ones z by continual ones rv by salutary ones a by words b by teachings c by statutes d by institutions e by admonitions f by admonitions g by warnings h by inspirations i by doctrines k by sermons l by writings m by commands us n by persuasions us o by precepts p by counsels q by orders r by encouragements s by exhortations t by illuminations v by illustrations x by promises y by things promised z by examples rv by promptings A v a wretched b human beings c poor little wretches d pitiable e miserable f most unhappy g unhappy h perishable i unstable k fragile l weak m unclean n vain o most vain p abject q most abject r lost s unjust t wicked v stained x foolish y stupid z changeable 2v most weak a human beings b little men c mortals d Christians e worshippers of Christ f orthodox g pilgrims h exiles i exiles k sinners l sinning m living n straying o travelers p destined to die q wandering r workers s hirelings t operators v sleeping x earth-born y and desolate z worldly 2v earthly a imbues a present things b teaches b the world c visits c worldly things d admonishes d worldly things e warns e the age f forewarns f secular things g instructs g changeable things h commands h corruptible things i exhorts i vain things k exhorts k vanities l exhorts l earthly things m dissuades m carnal things because of ob n exhorts together n luxury o reminds o riches p taught p mortal things q educates q transient things r reminds r passing things s incites s lower things t stirs up t visible things v [unclear] v perishable things x provokes x pleasures y illuminates y riches z illustrates z honors rv invites rv the lowest things a love b affection c charity d reverence e honor f veneration g regard h memory i consideration k attachment l acquisition m affection n devotion o union p virtue q choice r hope s faith t trust u confidence x delight y attainment z recompense [unclear] reward a of the savior b of the redeemer c of the deliverer d of the creator e of the founder f of the fashioner g of the author h of the maker i of the craftsman k of the mover l of the preserver m of the governor n of the commander o of the maker p of the builder q of the illuminator r of the enlightener s of the ruler t of the king v of the director x of the rescuer y of the giver of life z of the inspector [unclear] of the producer a of happiness b of pleasantness c of blessedness d of joyfulness e of rest f of dwelling g of sweetness h of habitation i of exultation k of brightness l of pleasure m of jubilation n of gladness o of feeding p of honorableness q of firmness r of security s of tranquillity t of repose v of majesty x of peace y of constancy z of festivity 20 solemnity a with care b with diligence c with solicitude d with vigilance e with zeal f with effort g with endeavor h with striving i with desire k with trust l with confidence with every thought, according to your strength, with total thought, according to your ability o with assiduity p with longing q with desire r with concupiscence s with affection t with feeling v with virtue x with devotion y with patience z with humility 21 charity a to desire a correction b to seek b penitence c to inquire into c contrition d to search out d discipline e to require e instruction f to wish for f doctrine g to long for g holiness h to desire greatly h modesty i to ask for i penitence k to seek earnestly k correction l to desire l continence m to await m temperance. Therefore, O n to expect n abstinence. And so, you o to demand o devotion p to think p humility q to think again q purity r to love r chastity s to love deeply s frugality t to esteem t patience v to remember v obedience x to remember again x integrity y to affect y prudence z to long for z cleanness [unclear] to sigh for [unclear] charity

a wretched b men b most wretched d little men c pitiable c mortals d to be pitied e Christians e most unhappy f worldly people f unhappy g earth-born people g senseless h believers h corruptible i orthodox people k most foolish k carnal people l most foolish l pilgrims m most vain n exiles n poor little wretches o earthly people o foolish p sinners p fools q carnal people q vain r lovers r perishable s neglecters s corrupt t despisers t criminal v mockers v slothful x humans z lost y wayfarers y calamitous z living persons a receive b eternal c future d coming e impending f promised g promised again h heavenly i ineffable k inestimable l most blessed m most happy n most joyful o desired p desirable q blessed r happy s prepared t made ready v celestial x supercelestial y holy z desired [unclear] awaited, in order that, to, so that a banquets a of the saints b gifts b of the just c goods c of the elect d joys d of the angels e consolations e of the archangels f rewards f of the thrones g mysteries g of the powers h secrets h of those who rule i dwellings i of the principalities k homes k of the virtues l receptacles l of the patriarchs m spectacles m of the prophets n lodgings n of the apostles o feasts o of the martyrs p dances of joy p of the innocents q gifts q of the blessed r fellowships r of those who exult s solemnities s of friends t little shades t of servants v festivals v of attendants x jewels x of disciples y benefits y of lovers z pleasant things z of the faithful [unclear] kingdoms [unclear] of imitators

a of the savior b of the redeemer c of the deliverer d of the founder e of the rescuer f of the helper g of the assister h of the fashioner i of the consoler k of the benefactor l of the creator m of the king n of the leader o of the lord p of the commander q of the dominator r of the governor s of the rewarder t of the lover v of the shepherd x of the guardian y of the maker z of the nourisher [unclear] of the builder a of all b of all collectively c of the universe d of men e of mortals f of the living g of the world h of us i of the earth k of heaven l of the heavens m of souls of God, may you be able, may you be strong n of the faithful o of the good p of the humble q of believers r of Christians s of the orthodox t of earth-born people v of the devout x of the pious y of the just z of the meek [unclear] of those who hope a to be brought in b eternally c everlastingly d forever e unto eternity f forever g perpetually h perpetually i continually k without end l happily m most happily n always o continually p continuously q unceasingly r most sweetly s much t ineffably u beyond measure z incredibly v incessantly a rejoicing b glad c rejoicing together d rejoicing with e triumphing f dancing for joy g exulting h jubilant i cheerful k happy l secure m glorious n glorying o flashing p glorified q beatified r enlightened s adorned t crowned v comely x bright y shining z honored 2v honored a Be washed b Beware c Beware d Take precaution e Withdraw f Withdraw g Depart h Flee i Flee k Depart l Flee m Turn aside n Turn aside Abstain Attend r Pay heed s Take refuge t Take refuge u Flee away x Spare y Spare z Be absent 2v Escape therefore, then, a a from vain things b from false riches c from perishable affairs d from filthy wealth e from polluted honors f from perishing pleasures g from transitory desires h from passing consolations i from lying possessions k from deceitful occupations l from deceptive deceptions m from vicious dealings of this n from windy comforts of the present o from contagious delights p from most false pursuits q from most vain cares r from most deceitful sciences s from most filthy joys t from most vicious levities v from very brief actions x from most corrupt curiosities y from corruptions and entanglements z from fraudulent anxieties rv from deceitful exercises a of life b of sojourn c of time d of pilgrimage e of conduct f of mortality g of calamity h of passage i of the world k of custom l of the globe m of the earth n of the age o of the cosmos p of exile q of misery r of habitation s of the prison-house t of abasement v of brevity x of prison y of capture z of captivity 2v of transmigration a banquets b weddings c riches d joys e delights f visions g songs h consolations i recreations k dignities l pleasures m dwellings n festivities o habitations p melodies q solemnities r contemplations s pleasantnesses t delights v contemplations x blessings y largesses z praises 2v rewards a of the benign b creator c heavenly d founder e supreme f savior g most benign h fashioner i sweetest k redeemer l highest m liberator n highest o rescuer p greatest q mover r judge s honey-sweet t maker u most just x ruler y merciful z emperor v compassionate p governor q most powerful r giver of life, enlightener, illuminator, almighty s lord, all-powerful t preserver, most loving v administrator, glorious x moderator, glorious y disposer, most excellent z ordainer, adorner a of heaven b of earth c of the globe d of the world e of the ages f of heavenly things g of earthly things h of the lands i of all things k of all collectively l of all m of human beings n of angels o of the age p of spirits q of the faithful r of believers s of invisible things t of visible things u of souls x of minds y of intellects z of the humble 2v of supercelestial things a heavenly b divine c supernal d supercelestial e superdivine f everlasting g spiritual h ethereal i bright k eternal l best m enduring n perpetual o most blessed p most tranquil q most pleasant r most splendid s most luminous t splendid v most bright x immortal y holy z glorious 2v secure a happily b called out c summoned d recalled e chosen f invited g ordained h pre-chosen i preordained k predestined l predisposed m to be assumed n about to enter o about to go in p to be brought in q to be admitted r to be called out s finally t originally v most gently x indulgently y to be brought back z rejoicing 20 gladly 21 called 22 called out 23 summoned 24 recalled 25 chosen 26 invited 27 ordained 28 pre-chosen 29 preordained 30 predestining 31 predispositive 32 [unclear] 33 [unclear] 34 of those about to go in 35 of those brought in 36 of those to be called out 37 of those bringing back 38 of those about to return 39 of those about to pass over a Behold b See c Discern d Look at e Inspect f Look back g Look around h Perceive i Consider k Weigh carefully l Notice m Weigh n Think o Attend p Take heed q Know r Remember s Recognize t Look around v Acknowledge x Understand y Know z Reflect 2v Call to mind a wretched b poor wretches c unhappy d pitiable e most wretched f miserable g most unhappy h most abject i most vain k unjust l unrighteous m perishable n abject o foolish p foolish q unwise r slothful s most foolish t most foolish u most unjust x negligent y most negligent z most forgetful 2v corruptible a men b quickly b little men b more quickly c worldly c most quickly d worldly d swiftly e earthly e most swiftly f earthly f most rapidly g mortal g very swiftly h kings h rapidly i rich men i more rapidly k princes k swiftly l rulers l more swiftly m prelates m more swiftly n pastors n more suddenly than o governors o more suddenly p common people p most suddenly q hearers q speedily r worshippers of Christ r without delay s Christians s without ceasing t readers t most swiftly u pontiffs u daily x dukes x day by day z monks z always [unclear] priests [unclear] continually

a are changed b are varied c are altered d are transformed e are exchanged f are transmuted g pass completely away h pass away i slip away k perish l flee m go n vanish o perish away p flee away q flee off r fall down s collapse t decline v become corrupted x alternate y fail z fall 2v recede a all things b all things c all things d worldly things e worldly things f secular things g earthly things h earthly things i temporal things k desirable things l pleasing things m beautiful things which are now n your wished-for things which o things desired p things to be desired q transitory things r bodily things s lower things t visible things v sensible things x delightful things y things to be longed for z material things 2v corruptible things a badly b perversely c most badly d impurely e ardently f more ardently g most impiously h most fervently i most zealously k more diligently l [unclear] m more fervently n more zealously o diligently p fervently q zealously r exceedingly s anxiously t anxious u too much x stubbornly y more stubbornly z most stubbornly 20 rashly a by sin b by danger c by damnation d by wickedness e by unrest f by perversity g by harm h by ambition i by pride k by injustice l by impiety m by impurity with n malice o deceit p falsity q wickedness r transgression s disgraceful deed t crime v fraudulence y greed z attachment 21 stain a you hold b you retain c you have d you love e you love f you possess g you covet h you behold i you seek ambitiously k you desire l you see m you discern n you look at o you seek p you require q you make great r you make grand s you embrace t you gather v you detain x you occupy y you collect z you carry together 2v you desire a wind b breath c shadow d cloud e mist f straw g little cloud h dream i nothingness k sound l sound m smoke n dung o dust p snow q ice r hoarfrost s thunder t peals of thunder v dripping x shout y outcry z little shade 2v hay a you will fail b you will vanish c you will be dissolved d you will be destroyed e you will be corrupted f you will depart g you will die h you will be snatched away i you will pass away k you will perish l you will [unclear] m you will fall n you will fall down when not with not o you will perish p you will be carried off q you will breathe out r you will transmigrate s you will go away t you will collapse u you will depart x [unclear] z you will be annihilated y you fear z you await a Now b Therefore now c Now then d Therefore now e Now accordingly f Accordingly now g Wherefore h Therefore i Wherefore k For which reason l Hence m And therefore n For that reason o And therefore p Come now q Therefore r Accordingly s Wherefore t You therefore v You therefore x you accordingly y For which reason z You now [unclear] Now you a brothers b fellow brothers c mortals d little men e fellow soldiers f men g peoples h faithful i Christians k worshippers of Christ l earth-born m earthly n believers o orthodox p earthly q worldly r worldly s pitiable t miserable v most wretched x poor little ones y wretched z poor and [unclear] poorest a think; b think back; c think beforehand; d remember; e weigh; f ponder; g weigh; h attend; i observe; k consider; l take heed; m learn; n know; p taste; q understand; r meditate; s turn over; t weigh carefully; v listen; x recognize; y taste; z taste beforehand; [unclear] foreknow.

a pleasant; b desirable; c sweetest; d most pleasant; e honorable; f most sweet; g best; h desirable; i good; k sweet; l sweet; m agreeable; n consoling; o most agreeable; p most beautiful; q glorious; r great; s honorable; v to be desired; x greatest; y marvelous; z beatifying; [unclear] praiseworthy.

a choirs; b feasts; c delights; d society; e fellowship; f fellowships; g societies; h solemnities; i modulations; k festivities; l blessedness; m exultation; n enjoyment; o brightness; p consolation; q joys; r thrones; s rejoicing; t pleasantness; u happinesses; x songs; y solemnities; z feasts.

a of the saints; b of the elect; c of friends; d of lovers; e of servants; f of servants; g of servants; h of ministers; i of priests; k of the blessed; l of angels; m of archangels; n of apostles; o of martyrs; p of the humble; q of the just; r of prophets; s of patriarchs; t of heaven-dwellers; v of confessors; x of beloved ones; y of disciples; z of dearest ones; [unclear] of most loving ones.

a of God; b of Christ; c of the Father; d of the maker; e of the author; f of the maker; g of the creator; h of the founder; i of the Lord; k of the ruler; l of the commander; m of the governor; n of the principality; o of the chief ones; p of the ruler; q of the one ruling; r of the king; s of the judge; t of the mover; u of the director; x of the helper; y of the aider; z of the administrator; [unclear] of the rewarder.

a almighty; b all-powerful; c unchangeable; d incomprehensible; e inestimable; f ineffable; g immortal; h greatest; i best; k great; l powerful; m perfect; [n?] without end; o of all; p of all collectively; q of the universe; r most holy; s most powerful; t most merciful; v most dutiful; x most pious; y most bright; z sweetest; [unclear] most gentle.

a from end; b from dread; c from fear; d from fear; e from limit; f from change; g from alteration; h from disturbance; i from perturbation; k from confusion; l from termination; m from interruption; n from mutability; o from need; p from defect; q from weariness; r from poverty; s from tedium; t from nausea; v from want; x from penury; y from cessation; z from alteration; [unclear] from corruption.

a always; b continually; c perpetually; d perpetually; e everlastingly; f eternally; g perpetually; h most happily; i happily; k sweetly; l pleasantly; m continually to be present and to attend; n [unclear]; o constantly; p constantly; q unceasingly; r without end; s most pleasantly; t most sweetly; v most quietly; x most securely; y most pleasantly; z most joyfully; [unclear] joyfully.

a face; b countenance; c appearance; d presence; e majesty; f beauty; g radiance; h loveliness; i glory; k comeliness; l appearance; m adornment; n kingdom; o empire; p piety; q sweetness; r gentleness; s kindness; t greatness; u honorableness; x magnificence; y brightness; z power; [unclear] goodness.

a of the best; b of the great; c of the greatest; d of the most holy; e of the highest; f of the most pious; g of the holy; h of the high; i of the pious; k of the blessed; l of the good; m of the bright, of himself, of the same; n of the powerful; o of the brightest; p of the almighty; q of the all-powerful; r of the most gentle; s of the most kind; t of the most dutiful; v of the most merciful; x of the most excellent; y of the supreme; z of the heavenly; [unclear] of the everlasting.

a of the ruler; b of the founder; c of the creator; d of the lover; e of the defender; f of the commander; g of the fashioner; h of the enlightener; i of the illuminator; k of the preserver; l of the restorer; m of the life-giver; n of the restorer; o of the governor; p of the [unclear]; q of the sanctifier; r of the moderator; s of the searcher; t of the knower; v of the inspector; x of the discerner; y of the guardian; z of the mover; [unclear] of the nourisher.

a of all; b of all collectively; c of the universe; d of mortals; e of heavenly things; f of the heavens; g of men; h of these; i of his own; k of the humble; l of Christians; m of Christ-worshipers; n into rule; o of the orthodox; p of believers; q of the faithful; r of the poor; s of spiritual things; t of souls; u of minds; x of hearts; z of bodies; [unclear] of living beings.

a in the kingdom; b in glory; c in the fatherland; d in the city; e in the palace; f in the house; g in the hall; h in the seat; i in the dwelling; k in the habitation; l in the dwelling; m in pleasantness; n in brightness; o in splendor; p in the dwelling-place; q in splendors; r in the empire; s in honorableness; t in honor; v in communion; x in participation; y in society; z in presence; [unclear] in attendance.

a of the living; b of the living; c of the saints; d of the blessed; e of the good; f of the just; g of the divine ones; h of the elect; i of happiness; k of blessedness; l of charity; m of angels; n of the happy; o of the gentle; p of eternity; q of prophets; r of apostles; s of patriarchs; t of archangels; v of heaven-dwellers; x of the supercelestial; y of the heavenly; z of martyrs; [unclear] of the predestined.

a continually b always c continuously d joyfully e unceasingly f without ceasing g incessantly h rejoicingly i cheerfully k sweetly l gladly m perfectly n sweetly o perpetually p everlastingly q perpetually r eternally s assiduously t happily u ardently x fervently y triumphantly z most joyfully vz most gladly a to see b to discern c to behold d to gaze upon e to look up at f to look at g to look back upon h to perceive i to behold k to inspect l to look ahead m to contemplate n to observe o to take part p to share q to have present r to have before one s to esteem t to love v to marvel at x to admire y to admire z to know wz to acknowledge a of the blessed b in the heavens c of those rejoicing d in supercelestial places e of those rejoicing f in heavenly places g of those dwelling h in paradise i of the saints k in the highest places l of those abiding m of those reigning n of the faithful o of the blessed p of believers q of the living r of the righteous s of those resting t of those resting together u of those standing firm x of those dwelling together y of those praising together z of those triumphing w in the highest place of all, of everyone a from heaven b in the heavens c in heavenly places d in supercelestial places e in Olympian places f in heavenly places g in eternal places h in paradise i in the realms above k in the highest [unclear] l in lofty places m in the fatherland n in divine things o in eminence p in the firmament q in spiritual things r in promised things s in promises t in eternity v in charity x in brightness y in the kingdom of God z on thrones w in the highest place of all, of everyone a from heaven b in the heavens a one b true c certain d firm e eternal f perpetual g everlasting h most certain i highest k common l eternal m unanimous n tranquil o stable p persevering q most firm r most pleasant s most secure t beautiful u secure x sweet y chosen z very sweet 20 sweetest a rest b repose c joy d exultation e jubilation f consolation g refreshment h blessedness i recreation k pleasantness l pausing m peace which will never [unclear] n life which by no means [unclear] o glory p enjoyment q full enjoyment r fellowship s satiety t festivity v solemnity x brightness y happiness z sweetness 20 concord a fails b will fail c is ended d will be ended e is terminated f will be terminated g will be destroyed h is destroyed i will be changed k will be altered l is changed m is altered n is removed o withers p will be diminished q will be extinguished r will be corrupted s is clouded over t will be hidden v will be taken away x will cease z will stop 2v may be varied a endures b remains c will endure d will remain e will remain permanently f will persevere g perseveres h remains permanently i is continued k will be extended l is extended, but m is made continual in, but n will be made continual in o will be continued p will be enlarged q is increased r will grow s will be widened t will be had u is possessed y is had z 2v is had a ages b an age c an age d eternity e all ages f eternal ages g everlasting [unclear] h ages of ages i everlasting ages k ages of ages l perpetual ages m eternal [unclear] n infinite ages o all ages p eternal [unclear] q perpetual r all time s all time t every age v infinite x eternal ages y all times z every age A See B Attend C Turn your attention D Weigh E Consider F Observe G Remember H Think over I Think K Direct your attention L Weigh M Know N Acknowledge O Look upon P Inspect Q Look back R Behold S Look ahead T [unclear] V Deliberate X Recognize Y Turn over in mind Z Understand W Discern now therefore, O a brothers b excellent ones c beloved d dear e Christians f worshippers of Christ g most faithful h dearest i closest friends k devout l zealous m wise, who n prudent, if any o understanding p distinguished q learned r learned s lettered t judicious v most devout x most learned y most illustrious z worldly 2v mortals a you fear b you believe c you tremble d you become afraid e you are greatly afraid f you honor g you fear h you adore i you revere k you invoke l you entreat m you await n you esteem o you love p you worship q you acknowledge r you know s you recognize t you venerate v you love dearly x you hope in y you trust in z you await 20 you glorify a founder b creator c maker d author e craftsman f rescuer g lord h savior i redeemer k life-giver l ruler m commander n preserver o governor p fashioner q builder r ruler s producer t lover v adorner x embellisher y revealer z sanctifier 20 justifier a of the world; a almighty b of worldly things; b all-powerful c of earthly things; c sweetest d of supercelestial things; d most loving e of heavenly things; e most pious f of the heaven-dwellers; f most merciful g of the heavens; g most kind h of us; h most compassionate i of you; i most gentle k of the age; k kind l of heaven; l gentle m of the earth; m pious, wherefore you are n of the world; n sweet, wherefore you are o of souls; o just p of men; p good q of mortals; q merciful r of Christians; r compassionate s of Christ-worshippers; s indulgent t of believers; t honey-sweet v of the faithful; v highest x of the humble; x glorious y of all; y desirable z of all persons; z unchangeable ꝝ of all universally; ꝟ uncircumscribable a made; b called; c chosen; d created; e founded; f fashioned; g formed; h baptized; i ordained; k summoned; l foreordained; m predestined; n gathered; o brought to life; p hired; q assigned; r united together; s taken up; t called forth; v bound; x united; y begotten; z instituted; 20 born. a Certainly; b Surely; c Is it not so?; d Indeed; e Truly; f Undoubtedly; g Without doubt; h Undoubtedly; i Without doubt; k Most certainly; l Most truly; m Assuredly, to; n Indeed, to; o Surely; p Plainly; q Truly; r I know that; s I say that; t I think that; u I reckon that; x I affirm that; y Know that; z You shall have known that; 21 Know that.

a to be loved; b continually; c always; d continuously; e fervently; f unceasingly; g without ceasing; h most fervently; i most cordially; k most ardently; l most devoutly; m cordially; n ardently; o devoutly; p purely; q attentively; r daily; s most humbly; t reverently; v most willingly; y most affectionately; z most prudently; w to be venerated; a constantly.

a most compassionate; b most indulgent; c most kind; d most merciful; e everlasting; f most loving; g most pious; h immortal; i greatest; k best; l great; m pious; n just; o sweet; p eternal; q holy; r kind; s most holy; t compassionate; v strongest; x supercelestial; y highest; z most renowned; rv most excellent. a maker; b creator; c founder; d benefactor; e former; f fashioner; g ruler; h protector; i receiver; k rector; l king; m judge; n father; o shepherd; p mover; q preserver; r governor; s giver of life; t emperor; u redeemer; x savior; y comforter; z arbiter; rv director.

a of you; a you b of us; b us c of all; c all d of all persons; d all persons e of all universally; e all universally f of believers; f believers g of supercelestial beings; g men h of heavenly beings; h the faithful i of the heavens; i his own k living persons; k mortals l of the world; l the poor, through m of men, Jesus who; m sinners, through n of the faithful, God who; n unbelievers o of worldly things; o Gentiles p of earthly things; p the impious q of invisible things; q nations r of visible things; r the ignorant s of earthly things; s those who err t of lands; t those who stray u of the world; u the dead v of living persons; v the sick z of mortals; z the weak 20 of angels; 20 those who perish

[Substitution table:] a faith; b hope; c confidence; d victory; e passion; f love; g charity; h compassion; i pity; k mercy; l indulgence; m clemency; n piety; o grace; p patience; q sweetness; r meekness; s kindness; t belief; v love; x appearing; y doctrine; z gospel; 2v munificence. — a called; b recalled; c summoned; d ordained; e preordained; f predestined; g restored; h restored; i reformed; k formed; l brought back; m redeemed unto; n chose in; o established; p restored; q received; r placed; s placed together; t exalted; v raised up; x confirmed; y made firm; z strengthened; 2v raised up.

[Second table:] a life — eternal; b peace — perennial; c rest — everlasting; d felicity — to come; e truth — unfading; f blessedness — incorruptible; g joyfulness — unending; h exultation — supernal; i solemnity — supercelestial; k pleasantness — angelic; l tranquillity — heavenly; m beauty — perpetual; n sweetness — immortal; o brightness — ineffable; p enjoyment — abiding; q dwelling — to abide; r glory — apostolic; s fellowship — of the apostles; t security — of angels; v festivity — of the heaven-dwellers; x abundance — of eternity; y gladness — of divinity; z homeland — of majesty; rv rest — of the prophets.

[Third table:] a O pious one; b O gentle one; c O sweet one; d O [worthy] to be cultivated; e O [worthy] to be adored; f O most pious; g O most merciful; h O blessed; i O most just; k O all-powerful; l O most holy; m O most powerful; n O most clement; o O most wise; p O most worthy of cultivation; q O most benign; r O [worthy] to be feared; s O adorable; t O sweetest; u O merciful; x O most mild; y O most reverend; z O most merciful; 2v O most excellent; 2w O inspector. — a fashioner; b maker; c moderator; d commander; e preserver; f governor; g founder; h creator; i maker; k ruler; l father; m judge; o savior; p mover; q director; r lord; s redeemer; t giver of life; v renewer; x restorer; y renewer; z keeper.

a: our; b: of all; c: of all; d: of all things; e: of movable things; f: of visible things; g: of ages; h: of the age; i: of the world; k: of the globe; l: of the universe; m: of the totality; n: of invisible things; o: of living beings; p: of mortals; q: of men; r: of the faithful; s: of the humble; t: of heavenly beings; u: of angels; x: of supercelestial beings; y: of Christians; z: of worshipers of Christ; 20: of believers. a: look upon; b: behold; c: inspect; d: look at; e: examine; f: look forth; g: look up; h: attend; i: look upon; k: behold; l: inspect; m: look upon us; n: look closely upon us; o: [unclear]; p: may you look upon; q: may you behold; r: may you inspect; s: may you look at; t: may you look forth; v: give heed; x: attend; y: give heed; z: may you attend; 20: may you give heed.

a: wretched; b: ministers; c: priests; d: servants; e: slaves; f: suppliants; g: sons; h: subjects; i: those placed under authority; k: little servants; l: disciples; m: hearers; n: devotees; o: lovers; p: worshipers; q: adorers; r: exiles; s: captives; t: needy; v: venerators; x: enrolled dependents; y: the redeemed; z: debtors; 2v: foster-children.

a: have mercy; b: [unclear]; c: granting indulgence; d: releasing; e: loosening; f: giving; g: forgiving; h: granting; i: cleansing out; k: forgetting; l: purging; m: blotting out; n: expiating; o: washing; p: washing clean; q: wiping; r: wiping away; s: wiping off; t: purging; v: cleansing out; x: purifying; y: washing away; z: cleansing; 20: cleansing thoroughly.

a: of us; b: of men; c: of the humble; d: of the faithful; e: of the devout; f: of those who ask; g: of those who grieve; h: of those who pray; i: of those who weep; k: of the penitent; l: of the contrite; m: of the afflicted; n: of believers; o: of the baptized; p: of Christians; q: of the orthodox; r: of Catholics; s: of those who groan; t: of worshipers of Christ; v: of petitioners; x: of seekers; y: of those who desire; z: of those who hope; 2v: of those who wait. a: crimes; b: harms; c: offenses; d: sins; e: faults; f: misdeeds; g: sinful acts; h: wicked deeds; i: impieties; k: iniquities; l: pleasures; m: excesses [unclear]; n: guilt [unclear]; o: vices; p: evils; q: malicious deeds; r: stains; s: impurity; t: negligences; v: transgressions; x: uncleannesses; y: injustices; z: crimes; 2v: shameful deeds.

a: pious; b: gentle; c: sweet; d: merciful; e: patient; f: kind; g: most gentle; h: long-suffering; i: most holy; k: best; l: good; m: generous; n: great; o: most pious; p: most patient; q: merciful; r: sweetest; s: most meek; t: most merciful; v: most kind; x: [unclear]; y: meek; z: excellent; 20: powerful. a: king; b: judge; c: emperor; d: prince; e: preserver; f: governor; g: administrator; h: enlightener; i: illuminator; k: life-giver; l: creator; m: founder; n: maker; o: author; p: director; q: moderator; r: purifier; s: justifier; t: redeemer; v: savior; x: lover; y: establisher; z: promoter; 20: producer.

a: of all; b: of all; c: of all things; d: of humanity; e: of angels; f: of men; g: of heavenly beings; h: of the world; i: of the globe; k: of the earth; l: of the heavens; m: of good things; n: of the saints; o: of heaven; p: of worldly things; q: of the things above; r: of living beings; s: of mortals; t: of the totality; u: of worldly beings; x: of invisible things; y: of visible things; z: of natural things; 2v: of nature. a: look upon; b: behold; c: inspect; d: look at; e: consider; f: remember; g: be mindful; h: recollect; i: may you recollect; k: may you remember; l: remember; m: [unclear] therefore; n: attend, therefore; o: [unclear]; p: think; q: think again; r: be mindful; s: be mindful; t: recognize; v: know; x: understand; y: know; z: know; 2v: understand.

a: O good one; b: O holy one; c: O venerable one; d: O ever-venerable one; e: O most kind one; f: O most loving one; g: O sweetest one; h: O most pious one; i: O gentlest one; k: O most loving one; l: O kindly one; m: O sweet Lord Jesus, how [unclear]; n: O gentle king of heaven, how [unclear]; o: O pious one; q: O supremely holy one; r: O most holy one; s: O most venerable one; t: O most excellent one; v: O most noble one; x: O merciful one; y: O most merciful one; z: O most indulgent one; ꝛv: O most merciful one. a: weighty things; b: unworthy things; c: horrible things; d: most harsh things; e: very grave things; f: most unworthy things; g: most bitter things; h: most cruel things; i: most bitter things; k: hardest things; l: cruel things; n: bitter things in [unclear]; o: hard things in [unclear]; p: contrary things; q: things to be feared; r: pitiable things; s: most shameful things; t: painful things; v: injurious things; x: insulting things; y: reproachful things; z: unjust things; ꝛv: lamentable things.

a: altar; b: wood; c: gibbet; d: torment; e: torture; f: tree; g: trunk; h: height; i: stock; k: sanctuary; l: [thysiasterium?]; m: sign; n: branch; o: wood; p: lofty thing; q: height; r: workhouse; s: eminence; t: rack; v: shrine; x: instrument; y: implement; z: column; ꝟ: receptacle. a: holy; b: sanctified; c: most holy; d: saving; e: Christ-bearing; f: God-bearing; g: nourishing; h: venerable; i: honorable; k: venerable; l: honorable; m: of the terrible cross; n: of the [holiness?] of the cross; o: [life-bearing?]; p: vital; q: sacred; r: consecrated; s: hallowed; t: most sacred; u: most bright; x: blood-suffused; y: life-bearing; z: ever-venerable; ꝛv: sweetest.

a you have endured b for the wretched c for poor wretches d for the pitiable e for the most miserable f for the miserable g for the most unworthy h for the most impious i for the wicked k for the impious l for the vain m for the frail n for us o for the perverse p for the depraved q for the calamity-stricken r for the most vain s for the useless t for the poorest v for the most unjust x for the most filthy y for the most impure z for the most defiled rv for the weakest a creatures a Most certainly b exiles b Most truly c those in exile c Undoubtedly d pilgrims d Indeed e human beings e Certainly f little men f Because g mortals g Therefore h earth-born ones h And therefore i Adamites i Accordingly k fools k Since l foolish ones l For indeed m ignorant ones m For you are n those who err n Certainly you are o little worms o Whence p worms p Wherefore q sinners q For r wayfarers r For which reason s the living s Wherefore t those who go astray t And therefore v animals v Truly x worldly ones x Truthfully y penitents y Indeed z common people z Most truthfully rv evildoers rv Since indeed a God b father c creator d founder e maker f commander g ruler h redeemer i governor k lord l prince m artificer n maker o king p judge q lover r helper s savior t giver of life v consoler x preserver y protector z moderator 20 beatifier a our b of the world c of the good d of the just e of human beings f of mortals g of the living h of the faithful i of believers k of the orthodox l of Christ-worshippers m of Christians n of all o of each and every p of all q of the elect r of sons s of exiles t of sons u of the devout x of the humble y of the afflicted z of the more wretched 21 of pilgrims a pious a redeeming b good b freeing c powerful c saving d great d lifting up e best e expiating f greatest f relieving g most pious g raising up h most dutiful h renewing i most powerful i making new k most merciful k purifying l merciful l illuminating m kindly m enlightening n glorious n crowning o exalted o raising up p distinguished p rescuing q excellent q guarding r most gentle r loving s most holy t preserving v most excellent v glorifying x most merciful x sanctifying y most glorious y cleansing z highest z beatifying rv most bright rv making blessed a minds a of servants b souls b of the faithful c minds c of little servants d spirits d of attendants e life e of servants f morals f of ministers g deeds g of the poor h works h of the humble i actions i of Christians k thoughts k of Christ-worshippers l wills l of priests m thoughts m of all your friends n operations n of all your elect o intentions o of lovers p desires p of worshippers q purpose q of beloved ones r prayers r of dear ones s prayers s of those who pray t petitions t of followers v inspirations v of temple-servants x aspirations x of vicars y innermost parts y of messengers z hearts z of the obedient rv hearts rv of disciples a We seek b to be saved c We pray d to be healed e We desire f to be aided g We request h to be helped i We ask k to be made blessed l We entreat m to be beatified n We beseech o to be relieved p We demand q to be justified r We urgently demand s to be cleansed t We hope u to be received v Moreover we desire x to be blessed through your y We believe z to be crowned through your z We trust o to be renewed p We expect q to be made new r We long q to be reconciled s We yearn t to be reconciled t We desire u to be restored v We earnestly demand x to be reformed x We desire y to rise again y We intend z to recover strength z We beseech 2 to be defended 2 We strive 3 to be preserved a mercy b greatest c ineffable d inestimable e unchangeable f superdivine g supercelestial h divine i heavenly k excellent l exalted m infinite n unexhausted o inexhaustible p most abundant q incomprehensible r most excellent s highest t most worthy of worship v most blessed x most fortunate y memorable z very great a about to receive b healing c health d release e absolution f loosening g dissolution h indulgence i remission k remedy l cure m care n washing o wiping away p expiation q correction r cleansing s dismissal t emptying v purification x purging y relaxation z purgation 2v loosening of all things, of all a crimes b certain c firm d perfect e most true f most certain g most firm h most perfect i most truthful k most constant l most secure m of deeds, because you are n clear o solid p secure q constant r most clear s most pleasant t most overflowing v most tranquil x sweetest y gentlest z safest 2v eternal a hope of the faithful b salvation of the humble c rest of mortals d confidence of men e repose of believers f consolation of Christians g assurance of the worshipers of Christ h refreshment of the orthodox i recreation of the poor k blessedness of the afflicted l happiness of the devout m reward of all good persons who [unclear] n life of the needy who [unclear] o sweetness of the wretched p delight of the desolate q support of the meek r recompense of the troubled s sanctification of the hungry t justification of the just v liberty of the gentle x enjoyment of those crying out y pleasantness of exiles z exultation of the penitent w praise of the contrite a virtue b adore c proclaim d venerate e honor f magnify g honor h love i keep in remembrance k love l beseech m praise n praise together o follow p observe q bless r imitate s await t wait for v invoke x implore y celebrate z exalt 20 fear a Therefore b Now then c Now therefore d Now then e Hence f Wherefore g For which reason h And therefore i For this reason k On account of this l And therefore m Therefore also n And so o Therefore p Hence q Therefore r Whence s Wherefore t X For which reason u Indeed v For indeed z Certainly also a servants b attendants c ministers d servants e priests f ministerial servants g ministers h attendants i subservants k administrators l fellow-praisers, we, your adorers, [unclear] your worshipers, although o boys p little servants q household members r those bound to obedience s observers t disciples v subjects x men y Christians z worshipers of Christ 2v vicars a vain a we greet b weak b we praise c wretched c we praise together d unworthy d we bless e pitiable e we glorify f miserable f we celebrate together g most wretched g we bless h most unworthy h we celebrate i vilest i we exalt k unjust k we honor l unjust l we extol m perishable m we pray n cast off n we venerate o desolate o we revere p most vain p we invoke q most unjust q we implore r most unhappy r we honor s weakest s we recognize t most desolate t we know v mortal v we proclaim x unclean x we sing aloud y unhappy y we dread z slothful z we fear rv ignorant rv we fear G a eternal b life-giving c immortal d greatest e ineffable f inaccessible g inestimable h unsurpassable i uncircumscribed k unchangeable l honey-flowing m luminous n health-bringing o heavenly p celestial q bright r serene s glorious t unconquered v everlasting x perpetual y eternal z supercelestial 2v most eminent a deity b piety c brightness d sweetness e blessedness f kindness g greatness h mercy i divinity k deity l power m your goodness q n your virtue, who o glory p clemency q excellence r providence s omnipotence t gentleness v loftiness x wisdom y eminence z majesty 2v height a us a you made b heaven b you founded c earth c you formed d the world d you fashioned e man e you brought forth f our race f you reformed g the universe g you renewed h all things h you restored i all things i you fashioned k the heavens k you established l the globe l you ordered m earthly things m you alone ordered n worldly things n you alone fashioned o worldly things o you fabricated p men p you created q angels q you created r heavenly things r you love s earthly things s you loved t created things t you loved v creation v you adorned x creation x you adorned y those above y you magnified z the living z you enlightened rv spirits rv you adorned G ij a by goodness b preparing c by condescension d promising e by charity f disposing g by generosity h ordering i by piety k bestowing l by grace m giving n by benevolence o by will p by mildness q giving r by compassion s promising t by sweetness u granting to us x by gentleness y establishing for us z by mercy administering by indulgence communicating by participation contributing by communication bestowing by wisdom furnishing by command deferring 20 by utterance forgiving 21 granting indulgence a life a to friends b peace b to the chosen c joy c to the just d happiness d to angels e enjoyment e to the beloved f sweetness f to disciples g pleasantness g to apostles h communion h to evangelists i exultation i to archangels k gladness k to prophets l security l to servants m brightness m to your sons n reward n to your thrones o quiet o to household servants p rest p to little servants q glory q to ministers r blessedness r to servants s jubilation s to principalities t delight t to dominions v serenity v to intimates x light x to the predestined y a dwelling y to the most loving z recompense z to the dearest ꝛv tranquillity ꝛv to the most elect a eternal a We have recognized b perpetual b We recognize c everlasting c We have known d enduring d We know e sempiternal e We have acknowledged f ineffable f We acknowledge g inestimable g We know h incorruptible h We know i unfading i We know k perennial k We confess l immortal l We confess m eternal m For we profess n luminous n For we perceive o most noble p We assent p most pleasant q We experience r safest r We consider s brightest s We weigh t sweetest t We ponder v most excellent x We weigh carefully x happiest y We think y endless z We grieve z heavenly v We groan a ruler b creator c founder d savior e maker f fashioner g commander h moderator i renewer k restorer l preserver m liberator n teacher o guardian p God q king r prince s giver of life t governor v enlightener x illuminator y strengthener z sustainer 2v consoler a of the world b of heaven c of the world d of the heavens e of all things f of all g of the universes h of archangels i of Christians k of angels l of men m of mortals n of the humble o of the faithful p of the good q of saints r of believers s of the devout t of the poor u of the just x of the penitent y of the innocent z of worshippers of Christ 2v of the simple a most pious b most pious c sweetest d holiest e mightiest f kindest g most merciful h most fearsome i most gracious k greatest l best m kind n holy o strongest p almighty q most serene r wisest s most worthy of worship t most excellent v most loving x most glorious y most sacred z most splendid ꝛv most merciful ꝛv most stained a wretched b poor little wretches c pitiable d most wretched e miserable f most unjust g most wicked h unclean i criminal k stained ꝙl most vain because m worst infirm we are and o wicked p unjust q unworthy r unhappy wicked t most unhappy v most wicked x corruptible y most unworthy z most unclean ꝛv most stained a mortal b hearing c guarding d preserving e attending f observing g loving h caring i looking upon k looking back l looking into m observing n taking o ruinous perceiving p defective receiving q calamitous taking up r poorest loving s most abject doing t most slothful working u contemptible fulfilling v most foolish completing x weak perfecting y carrying out z ignorant following z desiring 20 deaf a commandments b of goodness c of piety d of holiness e of mercy f of sweetness g of meekness h of love i of charity j of wisdom k of kindness l of divinity m of deity n of virtue o of grace p of truth q of instruction r of excellence s of humanity t of will v of calling x of election y of preaching z of illumination 2v of enlightenment a from many a vices b from great b harms c from very great c offenses d from grave d sins e from gravest e guilt f from dreadful f crimes g from continual g crimes h from worst h misdeeds i from harmful i offenses k from pernicious k iniquities l from very frequent l impieties m from daily m offenses [unclear] n from more serious n faults [unclear] o from detestable o evils p from abominable p words q from very many q deeds r from very great r thoughts s from very great s desires t ꝙ from many t pleasures v ꝙ from great x desires x from deadly y impurities z from death-bringing z defilements ꝛv from mortal ꝛv pollutions a piety b goodness c majesty d clemency e sweetness f gentleness g charity h holiness i will k justice l grace m we have sinned against the law n we have offended against virtue o truth p power q loftiness r equity s kindness t compassion v mercy x justification y munificence z excellence 20 serenity a vices b evils c faults d transgressions e sins f crimes g evil deeds h desires i impieties k iniquities l [unclear] m our offenses n our harms and [unclear] o malices p follies q crimes r offenses s negligences t vanities u misdeeds x transgressions y rash deeds z pleasures 21 desires a requiring b deserving c ill-deserving d well-deserving e demanding f requiring g occasioning h effecting i doing k causing l impelling m compelling n intervening o decreeing p occurring q mediating r cooperating s bursting in t running together u overflowing x y z v w a they find b they have found c they have surrounded d they have enveloped e they surround f they envelop g they have approached h they approach i they wrap around k they hold l they occupy m they detain us n they have occupied us o they have seized us p they have enclosed q they enclose r they have held s they have detained t they have anticipated v they have preoccupied x they have hemmed in y they have hemmed in z they hem in v they preoccupy a wretched b men b poor little b little men c most wretched c earth-born men d pitiable d Christians e miserable e worshippers of Christ f dying f Germans g most unhappy g Alemanni h most frail h Pannonians i most infirm i Hungarians k most desolate k Teutons l most vain l Teutonic men m infirm m Germanic men. n desolate n Italians o abject o earthly men p perishable p worldly men q useless q mortals r vain r believers s weak s orthodox t feeble t believers u most abject u little servants x most unworthy x ministers y corruptible y priests z slothful z religious rv poor rv cloistered persons a many a miseries b many b encirclements c great c incursions d very great d tribulations e infinite e persecutions f dreadful f disturbances g very many g confusions h very many h invasions i innumerable i vexations k incredible k confusions l unthinkable l mockeries m most grievous m derisions n unbearable n insults o unceasing o adversities p very harsh p entreaties q daily q devastations r continual r devastations s constant s desolations t harsh t wars v fearsome v molestations x to be feared x destructions y horrible y contradictions z cruel z reproaches rv most cruel rv infestations a of evils b of thieves c of enemies d of the wicked e of robbers f of the unjust g of the impious h of Turks i of the worst men k of Saracens l of the most impious m of Ruthenians n of Tartars o of the most faithless p of Thracians q of the most worthless r of Pelasgians s of the cruel t of pagans u of heathens x of Palestinians y who us z o of the faithless who us v of Egyptians w of the perverse p of Mamluks x of tyrants u of the proud r of the faithless v of the truculent s of flatterers x of [unclear] t of the most savage y of creatures of darkness v of the most cruel z of Spatics y of gentiles a they trouble b by right c by cause d by reason e by judgment f by justice g with discretion h with compassion i with pity k with commiseration l with honor m they despoil without moderation n without cessation, with no o they vex o honor p fear q they trample q fellow-feeling r they wound r clemency s they overthrow t reverence u they destroy v mercy x they persecute z interruption y x interval z moderation a rescuing b snatching away c caring d saving e helping f assisting g preventing h sympathizing i defending k redeeming l opposing m intervening n succoring o grieving with p thinking q reconsidering r consoling s sustaining t refreshing v hastening to help x receiving y resisting z opposing 20 fighting back a most pious b most gentle c most dutiful d sweetest e most merciful f most sweet g most kind h most merciful i most indulgent k most mild l most venerable m most just n highest o strongest p most powerful q most loving r most excellent s most glorious t wisest u most unconquered x most virtuous y most victorious z most shining 21 most excellent a shepherd b of all c of all d Christians e worshippers of Christ f believers g faithful h good i holy k just l chosen m humble n saddened o made sorrowful p poor q afflicted r groaning s orthodox t catholic u innocent x fragile y weak z needy 20 indigent a delete b we ask c we entreat d we pray e we beseech f we supplicate g we demand h we seek i we remonstrate k we deprecate l we earnestly demand m we urgently demand n we implore o we desire p we long for q we wish r we strive after s we desire t we beseech v we greatly desire x we greatly wish y [unclear] z [unclear] rv we implore a offenses a of those who worship b vices b of those who love c faults c of those who adore d transgressions d of those who praise e crimes e of those who proclaim f sins f of those who venerate g misdeeds g of those who cherish h crimes h of those who sing i sins i of those who fear k outrages k of those who dread l offenses l of those who invoke m excesses of all those who sustain you [unclear] n guilt of all those [unclear] n of those who bless, On account of o guilt o of those who believe p offenses p of those who follow q negligences q of those who seek r desires r of those who seek out s deviations s of those who search out t transgressions t of those who praise together v iniquities v of those who await x impieties x of those who glorify y injustices y of those who exalt z depravity z of those who honor rv impurities rv of those who imitate a holy b ineffable c most holy d glorious e health-bringing f saving g lovable h greatest i life-giving k admirable l [unclear] m lofty n highest o deep p venerable q blessed r everlasting s uncircumscribed t not capable of being circumscribed v incomprehensible x unchangeable y deepest z infinite 20 eternal a kindness b goodness c sweetness d gentleness e mercy f benignity g divinity h majesty i Godhead k grace l glory m your power o your blessedness o clemency p highness q serenity r brightness s long-suffering t eminence v omnipotence x wisdom y providence z felicity 20 all-power a king a of the faithful b hope b of the humble c life c of all d salvation d of all e crown e of men f creator f of believers g founder g of angels h prince h of mortals i emperor i of visible things k preserver k of invisible things l governor l of Christians m giver of life m of worshippers of Christ, who us n restorer n of the poor, who us o restorer o of the meek p sustainer p of the good q consoler q of the just r defender r of nations s protector s of the living t refuge t of those who hope v father v of those who trust x God x of those who love you y judge y of those who cherish you z savior z of those who praise you rv redeemer rv of those who praise you together a you save b the nativity c the institution d the incarnation e the circumcision f the manifestation g the baptism h the victory i the preaching k the instruction l the teaching m the passion from n death out of o kindness p charity q the resurrection r the ascension s the humanity t the glorification v mercy x the wounding y the crucifixion z the scourging rv the crowning a malignant b command c captivity d tyranny e cruelty f domination g dominion h savagery i law k service l service m damnation n violence o fellowship p subjection q lordship r detention s rashness t oppression v severity x malice y net z capture 2v deception a of the devil b of Satan c of the serpent d of the toad e of the dragon f of the deceiver g of the adversary h of the seducer i of the supplanter k of the accuser l of the transgressor m of the blasphemer n of the deserter o of the apostate p of the robber q of the bandit r of the spirit s of the murderer t of the accuser v of the trifler x of the wolf y of the thief z of the enemy 20 of the foe a Eternal b Gracious c Greatest d Most dutiful e Omnipotent f Most loving g Most powerful h Everlasting i All-powerful k Most unconquered l Most just m Best Lord God n Most high Lord Jesus o Most strong p Most gentle q Most worthy of worship r Most holy s Most merciful t Most benign u Most merciful x Most excellent y Most illustrious z Most wise 20 Most glorious a of all b of all c of all d of the heavens e of the world f of the globe g of the earth h of heaven i of the sea k of the universe l of the sea m of man n of humanity o of mortals p of the living q of souls r of spirits s of minds t of spiritual things u of angels x of heavenly things y of earthly things z of supercelestial things I creator, founder, fashioner, maker, establisher, preserver, illuminator, enlightener, restorer, restorer, emperor, who, king, maker, author, craftsman, mover, moderator, orderer, giver of life, sanctifier, reformer, purifier, governor a standing b on high c in the heavens d on high e in the highest places f in the highest g heavenly h above i in majesty k in the supercelestial places l in sublime places m in n in the higher places o in more eminent places p in dominions q in principalities r in powers s in thrones t in eternity v eternal x perpetual y everlasting z in powers 2v in brightness a usefully a you rule b beautifully b you care for c fittingly c you cherish d powerfully d you carry e prudently e you order f wisely f you administer g sweetly g you provide h virtuously h you dispose i orderly i you preserve k moderately k you moderate l modestly l you govern m in order m you minister [unclear] n happily n you dispense [unclear] o gloriously o you distribute p immovably p you discern q most strongly q you adorn r most beautifully r you embellish s most sweetly s you adorn t pleasantly t you sustain v most happily v you uphold x most pleasantly x you support y most modestly y you preserve z most rightly z you give life ꝝ most kindly ꝟ you restore I iii a small things a great things b lesser things b greater things c the least things c the greatest things d men d angels e human things e angelic things f earthly things f heavenly things g terrestrial things g supercelestial things h worldly things h archangels i lower things i Olympian things k the lowest things k higher things l visible things l the highest things m mortal things m invisible things n present things n immortal things o bodies o future things p bodily things p souls q transitory things q spiritual things r eternal things r heavenly things s secular things t heaven t the world u minds u the earth x spirits v perishable things y souls z individual things z indeed 20 all things 30 the universe a see a weepings b accept b groans c receive c groaning d receive d tears e hear e lamentation f hear f lamentations g listen to g bewailings h attend to h implorings i pay heed to i lamentations k admit k entreaties l turn to l supplications m remember n prayers n call to mind o petitions o be mindful p sighs q remember q laments r recollect r weeping s consider s wailings t weigh t wailing v think again on v miseries x think on x outcries y weigh y invocations z behold z afflictions 20 have mercy 20 adversities I iv a of servants b of those who love c of those who endure d of those who cherish e of those who remember f of those who praise g of those who adore h of those who honor i of those who seek k of those who seek after l of those who inquire m of those singing you, God n of those fearing you, God o of those fearing p of those praising together q of those glorifying r of those exalting s of those blessing t of those desiring v of those cultivating x of those awaiting y of those entreating z of those confessing 2v of those affirming a alone b true c best d greatest e most pious f most devout g ineffable h inestimable i immortal k invisible m only n gentle o powerful p almighty q all-powerful r uncircumscribed s inaccessible t unchangeable v incorruptible x most powerful y strongest z gentlest 2v wisest a all things b all things c individual things d each thing e the universe f the world g worldly things h worldly things i supercelestial things k everlasting things l perpetual things m eternal things n the globe o heaven p earth q heavenly things r earthly things s terrestrial things t mortal things v times x the age y visible things z men 2v human things a seeing b ruling c looking upon d beholding e moderating f embracing g administering h providing i ordering k directing l preserving m discerning n looking at o distinguishing p caring for q adorning r embellishing s preserving t governing u disposing x guarding y looking upon z giving life 20 inspecting a frail b wretched c unjust d poor e poor little ones f pitiable g most wretched h miserable i most abject k most unworthy l most unhappy m most ruined n poorest o vainest p unclean q ungrateful r unjust s impious t evil v reprobate x ruined y wicked z most unjust 21 most ungrateful a mortals b usefulness c salvation d earthly ones [unclear] d men liberation e petty men redemption f sinners vivification g worldly ones restoration h worldly ones i repair i little servants k leading back l fertility m exiles [unclear] You have willed n the needy and our consolation you have deigned o the destitute o recall p captives q sanctification r desolate ones justification s worms instruction t wounded ones blessedness u apostates happiness x purifications y condemned ones z purification z transgressors purgation a to be incarnate; b to be baptized; c to be circumcised; d to be tempted; e to appear; f to become man; g to fast; h to be wearied; i to labor; k to preach; l to be persecuted; m to suffer; n to be handed over, born of; o to thirst; p to teach; q to hunger; r to be sold; s to be taken captive; t to be bound; v to be crowned; x to be wounded; y to be scourged; z to be buried; and to die.

a most chaste; b most pure; c most blessed; d most holy; e most renowned; f most noble; g thrice-holy; h most devoted; i most pious; k undefiled; l unstained; m untouched Virgin Mary; n inviolate Mary ever Virgin; o immaculate; p most adorned; q most innocent; r most beautiful; s most fair; t most modest; u most glorious; x most kind; y most splendid; z most merciful.

a We recommend; b we commend; c we entrust; d we set forth; e we intimate; f we reveal; g we assign; h we consign; i we resign; k we signify; l we make known; m we notify; n we submit; o we offer; p we hand over; q we render; r we prostrate; s we bring back; t we bring forward; u we defer; x we sacrifice; y we present; z we admonish; v we subject. w Highest, best, greatest, loftiest, most pious, sweetest, most devoted, most worthy of worship, most merciful, most kind, most to be feared, everlasting, mildest, noblest, perpetually to be remembered, adored, venerated, eternal, glorious, ineffable, inestimable.

a to goodness; b to deity; c to majesty; d to divinity; e to fatherhood; f to lordship; g to charity; h to piety; i to grace; k to authority; l to power; m to holiness; n to wisdom; o to virtue; p to brightness; q to mercy; r to providence; s to munificence; t to mercy; v to compassion; x to greatness; y to blessedness; z to meekness; and to serenity. a God; b Father; c maker; d creator; e guardian; f founder; g savior; h governor; i fashioner; k preserver; l defender; m ruler, Jesus Christ; n king, Christ Jesus; o keeper; p judge; q emperor; r establisher; s renewer; t restorer; v giver of life; x governor; y illuminator; z enlightener and redeemer.

a of all; b of all; c of all things; d of invisible things; e of visible things; f of mortals; g of the heavens; h of the world; i of the globe; k of heaven; l of earth; m of man; n of men; o of humanity; p of the universe; q of things above; r of worldly things; s of worldly things; t of Christians; u of dominations; x of principalities; z of angels. a our actions; b souls; c minds; d lives; e powers; f affairs; g cares; h sorrows; i miseries; k affections; l consciences; temptations, adversities, little temptations, anxieties, wants, necessities, hardships, afflictions, tribulations, intentions, operations.

a devoutly; b adoring; c beseeching; d praying; e entreating; f supplicating; g asking; h groaning; i repeatedly asking; k knocking; l invoking; m desiring [unclear]; o wishing; p crying out; q exclaiming; r desiring; s requesting; t demanding; v urgently demanding; x earnestly demanding; y seeking; z asking; and crying aloud.

a great; b mercy; c compassion; d fellow-feeling; e generosity; f sweetness; g piety; h mildness; i grace; k goodness; l charity; m your love; n your clemency; o sweetness; p meekness; q kindness; r benignity; s munificence; t bounty; v benevolence; x long-suffering; y indulgence; z sweetness; and magnificence.

[Substitution table:] a may you indulge; b may you pardon; c may you dismiss; d may you remit; e may you relax; f may you wipe away; g may you wash away; h may you wipe; i may you loose; k may you wash; l may you cover; m may you dissolve; n may you wipe off; o may you hide; p may you dissemble; q may you extinguish; r may you break apart; s may you cleanse; t may you purify; u may you purify; x may you purge; y may you amend; z may you justify; 20 may you take away. — a our; b of the faithful; c of the humble; d of the devout; e of the contrite; f of those confessing; g of believers; h of the poor; i of the infirm; k of the wretched; l of the afflicted; m of all; n of those groaning; o of those invoking; p of Christians; q of Christ-worshippers; r of the orthodox; s of the ecclesiastics; t of the compunct; v of the desolate; x of the exiled; y of the supplicating; z of those praying.

[page 137:] a vices; b evils; c harms; d faults; e sins; f crimes; g offenses; h hidden [things]; i [things] committed; k crimes; l malices; m impurities; n sins; o negligences; p transgressions; q iniquities; r impieties; s misdeeds; t depravities; v excesses; x guilts; y stains; z injustices; 2v disobediences. — a done; b carried out; c accomplished; d transacted; e past; f committed; g perishing; h forgiven; i most precious; k salutary; l of salvation; m of the preceding time; n of the granted time; o lost; p already done; q neglected; r elapsed; s lost; t spent; u fugitive; y of the former; z of the ancient; 2v of the slipping [present].

[page 138:] a leading; b pleasantness; c consolation; d felicity; e fellowship; f blessedness; g exultation; h banquets; i gladness; l solace; m receiving us unto; n of all; p drawing; q joy; r mansions; s dwellings; t spectacles; v abodes; x communion; y participation; z brightness; 2v rest.

[page 139:] a of the elect; b age; c eternal; d perpetual; e everlasting; f among the supercelestial; g in everlastingness; h ages of ages; i holy age; k everlasting ages; l among the heavenly; m of your worshippers in; n the highest; o the ages; p heaven; q from on high; r among the lofty; s among the supernal; t in the hall of heaven; v in the court of the heavens; x among the supreme; y in the supreme; z in paradise; 2v among the heavenly.

[page 140:] a O wretched ones; b O poor little ones; c O pitiable ones; d O most wretched; e O miserable; f O most unfortunate; g O most foolish; h O ruined; i O unfortunate; k O you; l But you; m O vain; n O good; o O about to perish; p O most ruined; q Therefore you; r You therefore; s You accordingly; t O most vain; v O unbelieving; x O negligent; y O most poor; z O most abject; and-v O foolish. — a mortals; b men; c little men; d people; e sinners; f princes; g barons; h counts; i dukes; k kings; l judges; m rulers, from every; n governors, in every; o prelates; p pontiffs; q emperors; r priests; s presbyters; t prelates; v pastors; x seculars; y cloistered ones; z Christians; and-v Christ-worshippers.

[Substitution table:] a land; b world; c world; d homeland; e region; f territory; g province; h clime; i horizon; k parallel; l south; m east; n west; o north; p district; q county; r principality; s empire; t tongue; v kingdom; x state; y place; z village; 20 city. — [peoples:] a Franks; b Bavarians; c Austrasians; d Franconians; e Frankish-born; f Germans; g Alemanni; h Belgians; i Norici; k Bohemians; l Hessians; m under heaven; n Menapii, and especially; o Westphalians; p Frisians; q Frisii; r Grunes; s Cleves-men; t Sicambri; v Guelders-men; x Wedrani; y Lotharingians; z Moravians; 20 Saxons.

[page 142:] a Thuringians; b Burgundians; c Meissen-men; d Lombards; e Mosellans; f Rhinelanders; g Brabanters; h Cisrhenani; i Brabantii; k Transrhenani; l Hollanders; m Hungarians; n Avars; o Treveri; p Poles; q Huns; r Transmosellani; s likewise; t Teutons; u Danes; Suedi; x Helvetians; y Marchers; z Alsatians; v Cynonoti; Silesians; w Pomeranians; x Silesii; y Nahagavians; z Alsatici; w Stauronesii; v Alsatians; x Vangiones.

[page 143:] a Suevi; b Spaniards; c Normans; d Normani; e Normandy-men; f Icelanders; g Islandini; h Britons; i Britones; k Britani; m Slavs; n Sclavones; o Sclavani; p Sclavii; q Rugini; r Rugii; t Ruthenians; v Rutheni; x Pruthenians; z Rypruthenci. — L: also you.

[page 144:] a Lithuanians; b Picards; c Lithuones; d Picardii; e Flemings; f Picardes; g Cassubians; h Picadiani; i Mauritanians; k Cassubiones; l Mauritaniani; m Lusatians; n Portuguese; o Athasones; p Lusatians; q Savoyards; r Gaetuli; s Lusantiani; t Getuliani; u Athasini; v Ethiopians; x Styrians; y Scaldes; z Pannonians; 2v Africans; [the list continues with further variant ethnonyms (Majorcans, Lithuanians, etc.); partly garbled in the OCR].

[page 145:] a Moabites; b Armenians; c Armeni; d Palestinians; e Hebrews; f Jews; g Rhodian; h Cypriot; i Egyptians; k Asians; l Asiatics; m Tartars; n Cappadocians; o Chaldeans; p Medes; q Parthians; r Persians; s Numidians; t Numidiani; v Pelasgians; x Thracians; z Amazons; y Arcadians.

[pages 146–149: continuing lists of the names of Gallic and Germanic peoples (Atrebates, Ambivariti, Arverni, Aedui, Bellovaci, Bituriges, Carnutes, Cadurci, Helvetii, Lingones, Mediomatrices, Remenses, Santones, Senones, Treveri, Tungri, Veneti, Vangiones, Agrippinenses, Peapolites [Würzburg], Herbipolenses, and many more), each paired with an imperative verb (a "receive", b "take up", … "discern", "preserve"); the proper names are rendered as printed in the source.]

a admonitions b admonitions c admonitions d forewarnings e reminders f prior warnings g warnings h exhortations i exhortations k exhortations l suggestions m counsels n introductions o allegations p insinuations q instructions r predictions s preachings t declarations u denunciations x declamations y exclamations z instructions 2v protestations a of God b of Christ c my d divine e of the Scriptures f Christian g evangelical h of the apostles i apostolic k of the saints l holy, and n true, and o useful p salutary q health-giving r best s of the prophets t prophetic v ecclesiastical x paternal y of the fathers z of the faithful 2v faithful a amend b purify c rectify d compose e justify f cleanse g purge h sanctify i make straight k cleanse l cleanse m wash n wash away o reform p restore q renew r illuminate s prepare t repair v examine x lighten y cast away z despise 2v clarify a true b pure c right d whole e faithful f holy g continuous h fervid i fervent k burning l unceasing m truest n purest o most right p most whole q most faithful r most holy s most fervent t most burning v catholic x Christian y ecclesiastical z necessary 2v due a faith b knowledge c repentance d penitence e confession f contrition g attrition h satisfaction i humiliation k humility l chastity m belief n mortification o continence p wisdom q chastisement r opinion s charity t conversion v instruction x subjection y obedience z manner of life [unclear] z life a devices b desires c occupations d exercises e iniquities f impieties g injustices h foulnesses i stains k souls l affections m your faults, lest n your harms, lest o causes p ways q paths r minds s consciences t operations v judgments x estimations y desires z desires [unclear] z actions a death b seize c seize d whirl around e roll around f envelop g wrap around h anticipate i consume k consume l invade m carry off, when not n vengeance suddenly [seize] you o the end p fear q pain r anguish s misery t tribulation u vengeance x sentence y trouble z sadness 20 recompense 19 surround a you think b Attend c Consider d Weigh e Weigh carefully f Weigh g Remember h Reflect i [unclear] k Behold l Look upon m Look into; now you n Look back; now therefore you o See through p Discern q Perceive r Gaze upon s Notice t Observe v Recall x See y Recognize z Know rv Recognize a vain b worshippers of Christ c Christians d pontiffs e prelates f bishops g pastors h bishops i kings j slothful k judges l wretched m peoples n idle o tribunes p sleepy q inconsiderate r greatest [unclear] s men t unhappy v mortals x unskilled y magnates z desolate 2z prefects 3v most unskilled vs 3v prefects a I beseech b miseries c calamities d adversities e tribulations f persecutions g disturbances h harassments i annoyances k desolations l vexations m hardships which n even late o collisions p treacheries q insolences r destructions s devastations t depopulations v plunderings x tramplings y oppositions z afflictions 2v mockeries a holy b venerable c to be revered d most blessed e most holy f fruitful g worthy of honor h honorable i venerable k undefiled l unstained m uncontaminated n untouched mother o inviolate mother p happy q incorrupt r immaculate s sacrosanct t catholic v universal x benign y sweet z chaste 20 pious a of the faithful b of believers c of the humble d of the orthodox e of Christians f of worshippers of Christ g of the redeemed h of the restored i of the elect k of the just l of the innocent m church of the apostles n church of the martyrs o of confessors p of those confessing q of the predestined r of the good, of those to be saved t of virgins v of the blessed x of the devout y of the contrite z of mortals 21 of the living a: suffers; b: has suffered; c: endured; d: endured; e: experiences; f: has experienced; g: undergoes; h: has undergone; i: tolerated; k: tolerates; l: bears; m: bears through; n: bore; o: undertakes; p: undertook; q: receives; r: received; s: accepts; t: accepted; v: awaits; x: expects; y: had; z: has.

a: deceitful; b: reprobate; c: perverse; d: shameful; e: cruel; f: most cruel; g: most perverse; h: most deceitful; i: most reprobate; k: most wicked; l: most criminal; m: worst; et at o: bestial; p: most foul; q: criminal; r: most wicked; s: most savage; t: contaminated; u: hardest; x: most vain; y: most filthy; z: most treacherous; 20: treacherous.

a: impious; b: unjust; c: unclean; d: unbelieving; e: most impious; f: most unjust; g: most unclean; h: most unbelieving; i: most unhappy; k: most sordid; l: most absurd; m: most abject; n: most wretched; o: most ignorant; p: most envious; q: most foolish; r: most stupid; s: most slothful; t: most unlearned; v: most inert; x: most avaricious; y: most covetous; z: savage; sv: most savage.

a: by Turks; b: by pagans; c: by Saracens; d: by heathens; e: by nations; f: by gentiles; g: by Bulgarians; h: by Mohammedans; i: by Mohammedans; k: by Pelagians; l: by heretics; m: by Greeks who [unclear]; n: by Tartars who [unclear]; o: by tyrants; p: by Armenians; q: by Ruthenians; r: by Bulgarians; s: by schismatics; t: by idolaters; v: by persecutors; x: by robbers; y: by Parthians; z: by brigands; sv: [unclear] M iii.

a: daily; b: continually; c: continuously; d: gravely; e: excessively; f: enormously; g: most gravely; h: most cruelly; i: horribly; k: pitiably; l: most wretchedly; m: cruelly; n: in hostile fashion; o: most savagely; p: wickedly; q: unceasingly; r: frequently; s: most wickedly; t: most unjustly; v: most frequently; x: most insolently; y: most furiously; z: enviously; 2v: constantly.

a: trouble; b: disturb; c: throw into confusion; d: devastate; e: assail; f: attack; g: storm; h: invade; i: oppress; k: cast down; l: molest; m: harass; n: afflict; o: overthrow; p: overturn; q: despoil; r: tear apart; s: cast down; t: annihilate; v: trample underfoot; x: plunder; y: persecute; z: shake; 2v: exterminate.

a: They hold; b: Africa; c: Greece; d: Thrace; e: Bulgaria; f: Carmania; g: Armenia; h: Cappadocia; i: Mauretania; k: Ethiopia; l: Gaetulia; m: Libya; n: Egypt; o: Arabia; p: Antioch; q: Alexandria; r: Palestine; s: Assyria; t: Judea; u: Syria; v: India; x: Barbary; y: Tartary; z: the Hellespont. M iv.

a: Epirus; b: Alania; c: Galatia; d: Bithynia; e: Macedonia; f: Amazonia; g: Melindia; h: Gargisa; i: Coriitum; k: Repsiana; l: Agizimba; m: Speransa; n: Marchosa; o: Logonia; p: Perodia; q: Camaroela; r: Damesas; s: Tacharnia; t: Dalagum; v: Musameli; x: Hesperia; y: Malachat; z: Turamida; 2v: Pharasata.

a: [unclear]; b: Salitana; c: Eleones; d: Nigritae; e: Tumelica; f: Sagabacia; g: Ichthyophagi; h: Cyrenaica; i: Marmarica; k: Sisophagi; l: Azania; m: Mascitae; n: Abrochis; o: Mynothora; p: Troglodytica; q: Smyrnophora; r: Gargisa; s: Sabara; t: Rapata; v: Phasagar; x: Malachiae; y: Cassanitha; z: Megobardi; rv: Catramonicae.

a: Sacae; b: Marae; c: Aschytae; d: Lydia; e: Phrygia; f: of the Asabi; g: Thamis; h: Labonophas; i: Sachalia; k: Susiana; l: Hyrcania; m: Parthian country; n: Turkey; o: Caria; p: Lycia; q: Cilicia; r: Coele-Syria; s: Colchis; t: Argolis; v: Sarmatia; x: Noguridia; y: Cyropolitae; z: Arsia; rv: Iberia.

a: Bosnia; a: Passale; b: Mysia; b: Lissa; c: Achaia; c: Sissa; d: Morea; d: Zibala; e: Gedrosia; e: Corancoli; f: Paradena; f: Benagurum; g: Drangiana; g: Triliphin; h: Omodagastara; h: Bisingni; i: Aramagata; i: Alasonga; k: Callensiana; k: Chrysoana; l: Basachata; l: Monirundae; m: Arachosia; m: Nangoletae; n: Paropanisus; n: Amathae; o: Zanzibar; o: Armachora; p: Daradrae; p: Bactriana; q: Ursana; q: Margiana; r: Indoscythae; r: Sogdiana; s: Parsiatia; s: Jaxartes; t: Caspiria; t: Tectosages; v: Cilindina; v: Astatantae; x: Condalium; x: Darusae; y: Adisatri; y: Messeii; z: Arica; z: Dabase; wv: Iona; wv: Biolingae.

a: Cassia; b: Biltae; c: Cylindi; d: Tagari; e: Lestana; f: Codupae; g: Calcites; h: Basanatae; i: Bragmani; k: Archimara; l: Abischitae; m: Achassa; n: Caraneia; o: Alanorsia; p: Massagetae; q: of the Sacae; r: Isidomseytae; s: Taurana; t: Chersonesus; v: Palliana; x: Cathobae; y: Iberingae; z: Coniedes; rv: Sindi.

a: Troana; b: Solana; c: Semantines; d: Nicomedia; e: Octotoraces; f: Madagarith; g: Seylanan; h: Rabantian; i: Garnei; k: Ambastae; l: Rabana; m: Cathigara; n: Theriotis; o: Coronia; p: Mohabar; q: Chayra; r: Stoyra; s: Thinea; t: Sina; u: Inurfulis; x: Loath; y: Edessa; z: Olach; rv: Varrh.

a Lacia b Java c Lamia d Tangut e Pertara f Cijamba g Tholama h [unclear] i Sindissa k Fulicandora l Angania m Nechura n Mangos o Ezinia p Balora q Tibet r Loacha s Sandur t Candur v Garnea x Bengal y Quinsaios z Quiritiria 2v Chymchitalis a by many b by more c by very many d by rather more e by very many f by very many g by very many indeed h by exceedingly many i by very great k by exceedingly great l by the very greatest m by very broad n by great o by ample p by very ample q by very famous r by very pleasant s by very adorned t by very distinguished v by the best x by adorned y by broad z by famous 2v by distinguished a by the most beautiful b by the most handsome c by splendid d by handsome e by beautiful f by wealthy g by very wealthy h by very populous i by very rich k by populous l by strong m by very strong n by very rich o by comely p by noble q by renowned r [unclear] s by most renowned t by precious u by very spacious x by very strong y of the baptized z of believers e of the orthodox f of Catholics g of ecclesiastics h of worshippers of Christ i of Christians k of saints l of Nazarenes q of the elect, formerly of a province s of the blessed, formerly of kingdoms o of confessors p of martyrs q of apostles r of evangelicals s of those evangelizing t of those preaching v of Romans x of spiritual persons y of those justified z of those predestined 2v of the just a by inhabitants a impiously b by citizens b harshly c by Christians c severely d by worshippers of Christ d cruelly e by believers e unjustly f by the faithful f wickedly g by our people g most impiously h by men h most harshly i by the just i most severely k by saints k most cruelly l by the good l most unjustly m by boys m most wickedly n by brothers n most iniquitously o by those found o most wickedly p by those discovered p most bitterly q by the credulous q shamefully r by religious persons r terribly s by men s dreadfully t by inhabitants t horribly v by the living v most harshly x by the orthodox x most wretchedly y by ecclesiastics y savagely z by Catholics z most shamefully 2v by disciples 2v violently a killed b slain c killed outright d burned e burned up f put to death g destroyed h destroyed i consumed k slaughtered l exterminated m martyred n strangled o perishing p mortified q intercepted r suffocated s extinguished t crucified v mutilated x slaughtered y set on fire z burned up 2v destroyed A And b Alas c Ah d Ah e But f Meanwhile g In the meantime h And yet i Nevertheless k But nevertheless l Behold m [Pope?], there is no one who n Alas, who is there who o Benignly p Nevertheless q Good God r But behold s Alas the sorrow t Shame on it v Nonetheless x Ah y O God z See 2v And yet behold a may rescue a may have compassion b may snatch away b may contradict c may grieve c may fight back d may grieve with d may resist e may grieve inwardly e may defend f may mourn f may succor g may avenge g may meet h may come to aid h may oppose i may intervene i may assist k may reconsider k may take up l may think l may sustain m may free; there is no one who m may cherish all his own n may save; there is no one who n may attend to all his own o may redeem p may console p may help q may groan q may look upon r may pity r may notice s may have compassion t may pay attention t may tremble v may fear v may be saddened x may be afraid x may be moved y may beware y may be moved z may take precautions z may reckon 2v may judge 2v may sigh a they care for b they think c they reconsider d they take care of e they devise f they seek out g they inquire h they seek i they love k they desire l they search for m they follow n they look upon o they inspect p they may look back q they consider r they desire s they follow t they prefer v they practice x they handle y they treat thoroughly z they behold 2v they preserve a of God b of Christ c of the Lord d of the Crucified e of the Savior f of the Redeemer g of the Shaper h of the Maker i of the Reformer k of the Liberator l of the Founder m of the Creator n of the Author o of the Maker p of the Craftsman q of the Father r of the Nourisher s of the Enlightener t of the Illuminator v of the Governor x of the Preserver y of the Protector z of the Emperor 2v of the Rewarder a part b people c inheritance d household e little people f church g honor h precept i commandment k good pleasure l will m ministers n priests o servants p little sheep q clergy r common people s sheep t servants v faith x doctrine y institutions z gospel 2v religion a neglecting b spurning c contemning d despising e thinking little of f valuing little g esteeming as a straw h making little of i forgetting k disparaging l passing over m abhorring n mocking o deriding p casting away q abandoning r trampling underfoot s jeering at t holding as nothing v abhorring vx reproaching vy corrupting vz detesting 2vx execrating a For this reason b judges c rulers d consuls e governors f princes g pontiffs h prelates i hierarchs k bishops l cardinals m But woe to you n cardinals o patriarchs p primates q lords r dukes s prefects t mayors v powerful men x rulers y counts z captains 2v emperors N iiij a of Christians b of worshippers of Christ c of Christianity d of the whole world e of the orthodox f of believers g of peoples h of provinces i of churches k of common people l of the faithful m of lands n of the world o of the earth p of the globe q of faith r of justice s of the poor t of human beings v of mortals x of regions y of kingdoms z of all Europe 2v of the baptized a to leisure b to vices c to lust d to avarice e to desires f to pleasures g to vanities h to impurities i to foul practices k to feasts l to drinking-parties m to transitory things too greatly o continually to earthly things p to things that perish q to empty things r to banquets s to delights t to pride v to frivolities x to arrogance y to hunts z to concupiscences 2v to dances a intent b devoted c occupied d preoccupied e entangled f giving yourselves up g serving h being subservient i deserting k being subject l indulging m ministering n sweating over o enslaved p applying yourselves q immersed r involved s polluted t accustomed v habituated x suffocated y ensnared z conceding rv consenting a of the Church b of the faithful c of the just d of the churches e of believers f of those perishing g of Christians h of worshippers of Christ i of ecclesiastics k of fellow-Christians l of the baptized m of the orthodox n of Catholics o of saints p of the innocent q of the poor r of the afflicted s of the desolate t of brothers v of the wretched x of captives y of priests z of the servants of Christ rv of the oppressed a dangers b danger c necessities d necessity e close bonds f desolations g desolation h destructions i destruction k ruin l ruins m labors n griefs o miseries p misery q afflictions r tribulations s adversities t oppression v overthrow x overthrows y persecutions z vexations 2v crushings a do you care for b do you think upon c do you think over again d do you behold e do you look ahead to f do you look back upon g do you inspect h do you look at i do you grieve over k do you judge l do you weigh m do you ponder n do you weigh carefully o do you consider p do you observe q do you avenge r do you defend s do you defend t do you discern v do you see x do you help y do you assist z do you understand 2v do you attend to Amen amen b Most certainly c Assuredly d Most truly e Truthfully f Truly g Amen h Behold i Now k Therefore l Sad m Weeping n Sorrowing o Groaning p Mournful q Firmly r Boldly s Trustfully t Confidently v Steadfastly x Without doubt y Indubitably z Undoubtedly 2v Certainly a I say b I proclaim c I disclose d I make known e I set forth f I express g I intimate h I foretell i I signify k I announce beforehand l I announce m I denounce, I announce to you unless to you because unless o I reveal p I disclose q I report r I affirm s I confirm t I protest v I call to witness x I attest y I prophesy z I prophesy 2v I profess a you keep watch b you wake up c you will have kept watch d you will have awakened e you forestall f you run to aid g you come to help h you meet i you fight back k you resist l you assist m you oppose n you rise up o you rise together p you run together q you intervene r you will have defended s you will have consulted t you consult u you think x you act y you take care z you do 20 you will have done a they will overthrow b they will invade c they will destroy d they will enter e they will occupy f they will obtain g they will subvert h they will usurp i they will overcome k they will have l they will subject m they will take away successively, little by little o they will plunder p they will afflict q they will shake r they will defile s they will seize t they will claim v they will trample x they will contaminate y they will storm z they will attack 20 they will assault a Europe. a Frisia b Hungary b Hesse c Pannonia c Meissen d Austria d Pomerania e Dalmatia e Westphalia f Croatia f Neustria g Styria g Lombardy h Cilli h Calabria i Silesia i Italy k Dacia k Istria l Poland l Etruria m Bohemia n Tuscany n Lusatia n Venice o Sweden o Sicily p Sweden p Sardinia q Moravia q Carinthia r Norway r Slavonia s Sarmatia t Germany t the March t Alemannia u Saxony u Theutonia x Thuringia x [unclear] y Bavaria y Savoy z Franconia z Burgundy 20 Swabia 20 Lorraine D a Switzerland; a Zealand b Alsace; b Holland c Prussia; c Brabant d Pruthenia; d Sycambria e Wallachia; e [Grunedia?] f Vindelicia; f [Olsacia?] g Lithuania; g England h Spain; h [Albia?] i Aquitaine; i Scotland k Lusitania; k Ireland l Portugal; l Hainaut m Aragon; m Hungary and all [unclear] n Catalonia; n [Vedravia?] and all [unclear] o Granada; o [unclear] p Castile; p [Buconia?] q Galicia; q Belgium r Gascony; r Navarre s Austrasia; s Luxembourg t Gaul; t Majorca v Britain; v Minorca y Normandy; y Candia z Picardy; z Rhodes [ʒv] Flanders; [ʒv] Cyprus a our; b they will take away; c they will plunder; d they will carry off; e they will scatter; f they will receive; g they will take up; h they will receive back; i they will divide; k they will seize; l they will overthrow; m they will overturn; n they will destroy; o they will burn; p they will break in pieces; q they will despoil; r they will depopulate; s they will invade; t they will obtain; v they will occupy; x they will preoccupy; y they will hasten; z they will sell by auction; 20 they will lead away; O ij . . . . . . . . . a they will snatch . . . . . . . b . . . . . . c . . . . . . d . . . . . . e . . . . . . f . . . . . . g . . . . . . h . . . . . . i . . . . . . k . . . . . . l . . . . . . m . . . . . . n . . . . . . o . . . . . . p . . . . . . q . . . . . . r . . . . . . s . . . . . . t . . . . . . u . . . . . . v . . . . . . x . . . . . . y . . . . . . z . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . w . . . . . .

a killing; b killing utterly; c slaying; d choking; e suffocating; f destroying; g extinguishing; h perishing; i putting to death; k mortifying; l drowning; m exterminating; n disembowelling; o cutting down; p crucifying; q hanging; r flaying; s torturing; t tormenting; v punishing; x slaughtering; y truncating; z destroying; 2v butchering; a impiously; b everywhere; c openly; d everywhere; e wickedly; f in hostile fashion; g cruelly; h horribly; i most impiously; k most wickedly; l most cruelly; m most furiously, all; n terribly, all; p lamentably; q furiously; r publicly; s suddenly; t soon; u most wickedly; x most savagely; y most depravedly; z most boldly; 2v most wretchedly. Q a us; b they shall have seen; c they shall have found; d they shall have discovered; e they shall have come upon; f they shall have invaded; g they shall have occupied; h they shall have preoccupied; i they shall have stormed; k they shall have comprehended; l they shall have seized; m they shall have detected; n they shall have overcome; o living; p they shall have cast down; q they shall have conquered; r mortals; s they shall have looked upon; t they shall have inspected; u worshippers of Christ; x they shall have captured; y the baptized; z they shall have deceived, led astray; 20 the elect, they shall have taken. D iij a Pray; b [unclear]; c Entreat; d Knock; e Knock; f Call upon; g Call upon; h Adore; i Adore; k Beseech; l Beseech; m Entreat; n Ask; o Seek; p Seek; q Demand earnestly; r Demand earnestly; s Implore; t Implore; u Ask; x Ask; z Remonstrate; 2v Beseech repeatedly; a kings; b dukes; c counts; d rulers; e governors; f prelates; g pontiffs; h princes; i bishops; k mortals; l Christians; m worshippers of Christ; n emperors; o marquises; p provincials; q believers; r priests; s ecclesiastics; t bishops; v pastors; x Catholics; y orthodox; z prefects; 2v peoples. iiij a riches; b grace; c power; d piety; e sweetness; f clemency; g wealth; h majesty; i patience; k liberality; l goodness; m charity; n indulgence; o kindness; p mercy; q compassion; r fellow-feeling; s benevolence; t munificence; v magnificence; x loftiness; y excellence; z gentleness; 2v long-suffering; 2v of the restorer. O iiij a of all; b most pious; c greatest; d most gentle; e most illustrious; f most dutiful; g most holy; h most powerful; i of the almighty; k of the all-powerful; l strongest; m of the most high God, to the end that; n most blessed; o of the glorious God, to the end that; p great; q eternal; r merciful; s everlasting; t most sacred; v most beautiful; x most clement; y most robust; z most glorious; 2v most kind.

a servants; b faithful; c servants; d humble; e poor; f worshippers; g ministers; h priests; i servants; k believers; l believers; m lovers; n imitators; o confessors; p adorers; q preachers; r those who call upon; s little servants; t petitioners; v peoples; x orthodox; y Catholics; z ecclesiastics; 2v worshippers of Christ; a from deceits; b from evils; c from snares; d from dangers; e from inconveniences; f from frauds; g from evil deeds; h from reproaches; i from vexations; k from insults; l from invasions; m from devastations; n from tribulations; o from persecutions; p from infestations; q from plots; r from attacks; s from machinations; t from raids; v from terrors; x from terrors; y from fears; z from fears; 2v from threats a of nations; b of Gentiles; c of heathens; d of the perverse; e of adversaries; f of unbelievers; g of barbarians; h of Saracens; i of Mahometans; k of the wicked; l of Turks; m of the impious; n of the unjust; o of the evil; p of tyrants; q of heretics; r of Tartars; s of pagans; t of criminals; v of idolaters; x of the malicious; y of apostates; z of schismatics; and of infidels. a piously; b always; c everywhere; d assiduously; e continually; f kindly; g most piously; h mercifully; i more mercifully; k most gently; l most mercifully; m most kindly; n most compassionately; o compassionately; p most swiftly; q most powerfully; r most strongly; s powerfully; t swiftly; v sweetly; x most sweetly; y at all times; z forever; and perpetually.

a to preserve b to conserve c to fortify beforehand d to fortify e to defend f to defend g to protect h to save i to secure k to deliver l to rescue m to guard n to foster o to remove p to hide q to free r to draw back s to withdraw t to keep v to protect x to redeem y to strengthen z to reinforce 2v to confirm a may allow b may make c may grant d may favor e may concede f may permit g may admit h may assent i may consent k may be pleasing l may overlook m may please n may will o may furnish p may give r may suffer s may endure t may contribute v may indulge x may agree y may look upon z may inspect 2v may behold [unclear] a [unclear] d a to fall / a chosen b to be crushed / b sacred c to be overturned / c holy d to be overthrown / d faithful e to be destroyed / e beloved f to be laid waste / f inviolate g to fail / g venerable h to be shaken / h honorable i to be trampled underfoot / i venerable k to be annihilated / k incorrupt l to be exterminated / l especially beloved m to be disturbed / m dear n to be troubled / n sweet o to be cast down / o pure p to be devastated / p called q to be corrupted / q catholic r to be violated / r Christian s to be defiled / s believing t to slip down / t assumed v to be extinguished / v most holy x to perish / x most pure y to collapse / y most beloved z to be vexed / z most beautiful [unclear] to be destroyed / [unclear] predestined

a part / b nativity b little part / c ascension c portion / d preaching d inheritance / e humanity e possession / f incarnation f lover / g circumcision g worshipper / h resurrection h little people / i killing i church / k passion k common people / l bloodshed l crowd / m death of Jesus Christ n his little sheep, which by the death of Christ Jesus o sheep / o death p ship / p capture q little ship / r blood r house / s sorrows t soul / v labors v mind / x crucifixion x tribe / z humility y plantation / z patience z convocation a of his beloved / b eternal / c coeternal / d sweet / e holy / f beloved / g most sweet / h especially beloved / i only-begotten / k only-begotten / l most dear / m dear Son / n his only Word / o like / p most holy / q everlasting / r coessential / s co-omnipotent / t consubstantial / v most beloved / x most beloved / y sweetest / z more than sweetest / [unclear] most especially beloved a piously / b sweetly / c powerfully / d kindly / e virtuously / f graciously / g worthily / h generously / i most sweetly / k mercifully / l most generously / m most piously / n most virtuously / o most kindly / p most mercifully / q most mercifully / r most indulgently / s mercifully / t most graciously / v most powerfully / x kindly / y gratefully / z most piously / [unclear] freely a chose / b bought back / c called / d saved / e repaired / f acquired / g prepared / h restored / i renewed / k betrothed / l gathered / m cleansed / n reconciled / o exalted / p crowned / q redeemed / r rescued / s freed / t built up / v constructed / x renewed / y called together / z called back / [unclear] expiated a Let us cry out / b Let us cry aloud / c Let us exclaim / d Let us proclaim / e Let us cry up / f Let us shout / g Let us weep / h Let us wail / i Let us rise / k Let us arise / l Let us rise together / m Let us rise again [unclear] to / n let us return now to / o Let us be converted / p Let us pray / q Let us beseech / r Let us love / s Let us go on / t Let us approach / v Let us proceed / x Let us flee for refuge / y Let us take refuge / z Let us adore / [unclear] Let us ask a pious / b good / c holy / d best / e greatest / f honey-flowing / g most generous / h most pious / i most pious / k kind / l most gentle / m sweetest / n most merciful / o most kind / p most indulgent / q most excellent / r most loving / s merciful / t lovable / v most generous / x glorious / y gracious / z sweet / [unclear] gentle a creator / b founder / c savior / d liberator / e redeemer / f fashioner / g life-giver / h maker / i reformer / k former / l helper / m author, our Jesus / n our God Christ / o maker / p king / q judge / r lord / s [unclear] / t receiver / v preserver / x governor / y rewarder / z illuminator / [unclear] enlightener a devoutly / b sincerely / c daily / d continually / e most humbly / f most devoutly / g most ardently / h most fervently / i most urgently / k trustingly / l confidently / m constantly saying / n purely saying / o rightly / p piously / q truly / r truthfully / s sincerely / t most purely / v humbly / x ardently / y fervently / z affectionately / [unclear] cordially a O pious / b O sweet / c O merciful / d O greatest / e O most pious / f O sweetest / g O most pious / h O all-powerful / i O most powerful / k O most merciful / l O most kind / m O most loving / n O most indulgent / o O most merciful / p O most excellent / q O most glorious / r O most victorious / s O unconquered / t O strongest / v O gentlest / x O merciful / y O crucified / z O adorable / [unclear] O worthy of worship a king / b ruler / c maker / d author / e creator / f founder / g prince / h emperor / i maker / k fashioner / l renewer / m restorer / n illuminator / o enlightener / p institutor / q God / r maker / s savior / t ruler / v preserver / x governor / y sanctifier / z moderator / [unclear] establisher a of heaven / b of the world / c of earth / d of the heavens / e of the lands / f of heavenly things / g of earthly things / h of worldly things / i of worldly things / k of things above the heavens / l of all things / m of all collectively / n of all / o of the world / p of the universe / q of the faithful / r of men / s of angels / t of humanity / v of invisible things / x of visible things / y of mortals / z of living beings / [unclear] of bodily things a have compassion b on the fallen b have mercy c on the wretched c be propitious d to the rejected d have mercy e on the desolate e pity f the poor little ones f be present g to the weak g may you be present h to the idle h assist i the feeble i come to the aid k of the very humble k may you come to the aid l of the slothful l come to the rescue m of the unworthy m may you come to our aid n most vain ones n come to our rescue o humble ones o hasten to the aid p of the frail p may you hasten to the aid q of the pitiable q hasten to the aid r of the miserable r attend s to the most abject s appease t the most unworthy t be appeased v to the poorest v give aid x to the most miserable x do good y to the poor y show compassion z to the poor little ones z attend 2v to the unclean a servants b attendants c little sheep d sheep e little servants f ministers g worshippers h suppliants i lovers k creatures l called m faithful n followers o boys p saved q redeemed r freed s called together t gathered together v preservers x believers y worshippers of Christ z Christians 2v baptized a sacred b holy c consecrated d glorious e illustrious f venerable g venerable h memorable i to be recalled k most sacred l most blessed m most glorious n most excellent o most gracious p most holy q honorable r honorific s to be honored t health-giving v saving x praiseworthy y most renowned z illustrious 2v great a death b passion c teaching d institution e preaching f nativity g incarnation h humanity i annunciation k divinity l godhead m your piety, and n your apparition, and o conception p circumcision q baptism r captivity s scourging t crucifixion v resurrection x coronation y ascension z condescension 20 mercy 21 grant give bestow furnish confer provide reveal show may you give pour in forgive may you forgive may you pour in may you expend upon us bestow upon us expend grant concede may you inspire may you breathe upon send in may you send in grant .938.

a true b hope d faith c pure e peace d firm f charity g constant h love i continuous k holiness l perfect g innocence m whole h contrition n most true i devotion o most upright k conversion p most pure l cleanness q chastity r concord, that of your s unceasing t patience u unfailing v chastity x due z compunction y saving observance z sincere abstinence 2 necessary holiness 3 full temperance 4 obedience a praiseworthy b goodness c godhead d power e majesty f wisdom g divinity h kindness i greatness k magnificence l omnipotence m mercy n dominion o sublimity p loftiness q will r providence s gentleness t blessedness v brightness x ordering y sweetness z power 2v beauty a rightly b well c devoutly d worthily e fittingly f gratefully g constantly h unceasingly i most devoutly k incessantly l praiseworthily m most constantly n most worthily o most placidly p most rightly q sincerely r blamelessly s innocently t perpetually v continually x always y assiduously z continuously 2v cheerfully a to serve b to obey c to serve d to desert e to serve under f to minister g to administer h to please i to be reconciled k to serve l to fight as a soldier m to obey n to live o to be joined may we deserve, etc. p may we be able to be associated, etc. q to be united r to be joined s to be presented t to communicate v to adhere x to cleave y to participate z to be present 371 a life b with the saints c with the called d with the servants e with the little servants f with the attendants g with the archangels h with the preservers i with the worshippers k with the friends l with the apostles m with the beloved n with the faithful o with the lovers p with the dearest q with the confessors r with the predestined s with the justified t with the martyrs v with the disciples x with the followers y with the home-born servants z with the members of the household 2v with the justified a may we have b may we obtain c may we take d may we receive e may we accept f may we take up g may we perceive h may we attain i may we follow after k may we deserve l may we earn m may we acquire n may we obtain o may we enter p may we go in q may we find r may we discover s may we behold t may we look upon v may we possess x may we gaze upon y may we taste z may we taste fully 2v may we participate in a eternal b everlasting c perpetual d sempiternal e perennial f incorrupt g incorruptible h enduring i supernatural k inestimable l heavenly m infinite n endless o supercelestial p unfailing q spiritual r intellectual s [unclear] t uncircumscribable v surpassing x superhuman y always remaining z ineffable 2v unchangeable a O life b of all c of everyone d O hope e of all f O ruler g of believing Christians h O lover i of Christ-worshippers k O savior l of Catholics m O redeemer n of the faithful o O consoler p of the poor q O governor r of the needy, Jesus Christ [unclear] s O maker t of men o O illuminator p of mortals q O enlightener r of the devout s O sweetness t of the penitent u O receiver v of those who groan x O emperor y of the living z O king z of those who weep 20 O defender 21 of the wretched 22 O rewarder of those who trust a crucified b weak c wretched d Nazarene e most just f most strong g most loving h most merciful i most kind k most excellent l most glorious m most loving n sweetest o most dutiful p most gentle q most bright r most holy s most pleasant t most powerful u most worthy of worship v most wise x most merciful y most indulgent z most unconquered 2v most victorious 3v most unworthy a unclean b pitiable c most wretched d wretched e frail f most vain g useless h unworthy i idle j wicked k most wandering l foolish m stupid n most wicked o poor P most foolish Q needy R [unclear] S needy T pitiable V pitiable X pitiable Z pitiable Y pitiable U pitiable W pitiable C pitiable D pitiable E pitiable F pitiable G pitiable H pitiable I pitiable K pitiable L pitiable M pitiable N pitiable O pitiable P pitiable Q pitiable R pitiable S pitiable T pitiable V pitiable X pitiable Y most wretched Z most wretched 2V most unworthy 3V pitiable a servants b divine c greatest d glorious e more than divine f most worthy g venerable h venerable i honorable k praiseworthy l worthy of honor m everlasting n eternal o perpetual p infinite q perpetual r sacred s holy t most holy v sacrosanct x most sacred y inexplicable z inestimable 2v ineffable a virtue b perfection c majesty d mercy e sweetness f kindness g compassion h mercy i gentleness k blessedness l goodness m your grace n your piety o charity p love q serenity r humanity s munificence t generosity v mildness x sweetness y brightness z height 2v excellence a devoutly b more devoutly c as suppliants d ardently e humbly f fervently g urgently h more urgently i constantly k more constantly l most urgently m most constantly n most fervently o most ardently p most diligently q most devoutly r most humbly s humbly t trustfully v confidently x reverently y prostrate z bowed down 2v continually a we pray b we beseech c we ask d we earnestly ask e we adore f we request g we demand h we intercede i we implore k we invoke l we entreat m we pray n we beg o we demand p we beseech q we demand r we demand s we urgently request t we earnestly request v we call to witness x we desire y we desire z we seek 2v we desire a you forgive b you remit c you pardon d you hide e you forget f you cleanse g you purify h you cleanse i you purge k you amend l you wash away m you dilute what is against n you delete whatever is against o you wash p you relax q you purge r you remove s you grant t you put aside u you pardon x you correct z you take away 2v you overlook a justice b piety c goodness d mercy e sweetness f rectitude g gentleness h long-suffering i ordering k justification z l will m your majesty, badly n your teaching, wickedly o law p command q equity r patience s holiness t integrity v divinity x height y institution z kindness 2v preaching 2v we have committed a we have done b we have carried out c we have accomplished d we have perpetrated e we have perpetrated f we have desired g we have coveted h we have passed over i we have sought k we have omitted l we have committed m we have omitted, amen n we have loved, amen o we have desired p we have loved q we have cared r we have sinned s we have done wrong t we have offended v we have neglected x we have practiced y [unclear] z [unclear] 2v we have committed We are glad that the end of the first book of our Polygraphy is at hand; by it, made readier for what remains, we judge that the powers of our talent must be tested. For newly invented things sometimes trouble the beginner, because he whom all follow has no one preceding him. The first beginning of any invention is more difficult; afterward, when it has been made firm, it brings greater confidence to the author. Therefore, completing the first book of our invention with the favor and help of God, we have divided the whole into 384 minute divisions, assigning to each, in order, as is seen, its proper grades of periphrases. And these form a quite beautiful Christian harmony: sixteen way-stations, with nine thousand two hundred phrases duly joined throughout. Nothing is lacking here for students of these inventions of ours, so that in mystical, secret, and hidden matters, even to be announced very remotely in the safest manner, they may have the fullest knowledge and ability.

All things that are contained in the circle of the art proceed from a point; their atoms constitute a circular line, straight by the multitude of light. Whatever is outside the line belongs, by common reckoning, to the day, not to the night. For night, always enclosed, never goes beyond the limits of the minute divisions of the paraphrases. Therefore, whenever you have crossed the straight line of the day and have not fulfilled the purpose of the nocturnal syntax, turn the head back to the tail; when a joining has been made, let there be a mutual bond of both. Arrange the shadow so that it does not confuse the sun by similarity of word. And do not fear shame if, in the first calculation, the day has not comprehended the shadow; rather, carefully consider the minute divisions of the lines of the day, count one with another, until the necessary proportion follows according to your wish. You will also be able to make a leap from the first into the second, knowing that in the first creation of days there was made, from evening and morning, one day. Therefore, when evening has been completed, bring the day back into the following one, and, when the sign has been given through the point, fix the mystery known at once to the binary and the monad.

But in order that you may be able to avoid this difficulty, distinguish the great revolutions of our whole circle by arithmetical degrees; where day is repeated for night, impose the mark of Archimedes upon the flying one, lest an untimely ternary block the return to unity for the binary. For for this reason we have set minute divisions before each grade by an artful invention, so that we might relieve the person working in these matters from the labor of counting the paraphrases. If you are industrious, diligent, and studious in these things which we have handed down as the principles of a new art, believe us: you will find greater things hidden than we have promised. Indeed, since many natural secrets are contained in these matters, know one thing, and not the last: that by the prudent operation of metatheleos, even [when you wish?], you will make one most skilled in this art ignorant, the seeing blind, the learned unskilled. If the false opinion of the Hebrews were true, our invention would give to each of the individual men of eighteen thousand worlds an individual way of safely and secretly writing and communicating very widely whatever secrets they wished in Latin.

The end of the first book of the Polygraphy is here, of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of the monastery of Saint James the Apostle at Würzburg, on the twelfth day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord’s Nativity 1508.

The second book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Peapolis, of the Order of Saint Benedict, begins.

The human method of numbering attempts by art to imitate nature, which admits no reckoning of the monad. Therefore, although the instruction of the preceding book of Polygraphy, through extension and the metathesis of particulars, suffices, as it were, for the universals of this art in infinite progressions of number, nevertheless a definite consideration has moved us to join a second to the first.

There is in each a different condition of light, but night in both preserves inviolate the order of its course. The reader who is prudent, from our small discoveries, not polished quite to the rule, will easily be able, if he is strong in excellent talent, to discover greater and more polished things. Whatever visible thing is placed in the whole circle of the world still offers ready support to the ministry of our new art. Air, fire, water, earth, springs, rivers, trees, thickets, flowers, grasses, words, names, accident, substance, stones, sand, dung, filth, things, terms, honorable things, modest things, woods, metals, hard things, liquid things, existing things, non-existing things, history, fable, beasts, brute animals, human beings, draught-animals, each and all things that speech can express or the mind can think, provide the very broad field of our Polygraphy; they promise that the art, insofar as it can stand among mortals, is to be enlarged to infinity.

For just as unity, through the binary, generates the ternary as a perfect number in the quaternary, so the completion of this discovery, establishing its root through the quaternary in the twice-perfect binary, gives us an infinite number under the minute particulars of things and of the paraphrases of Polygraphy. For although among us all our things are terminable, yet very many things often occur which, because of the slowness of our understanding, seem infinite to us. Who will be able to count the drops of the sea? And who will penetrate the inscrutable heart of man? Just as a finite and circumscribable number can, by progression, be led into infinity, so the instruction of this art is enlarged into immensity by varied metathesis. Whatever is seen anywhere in the whole world is in all respects conformed to our instruction, nor is there anything known to us that is without mystery, if the method is understood by a master.

We, however, persuaded by reason, remain under the ministry of the binary, and briefly explain the smallest part of the whole. Nor is an occasion given us to raise our undertaking to weightier matters; if such an acceptable occasion is offered to us, we shall not refuse to make more excellent things manifest to those who desire them. For it is written: Where there is no hearing, do not ever pour out speech. Therefore, adding the second book of Polygraphy to the first, we keep the same form and method, placing three hundred and eight paraphrases in the light of day by simple progression, in honorable memory of the most chaste mother of God; if the time had been suitable, we could have given both more graceful things and, with sufficient expansive diffusion, broader things. But studious posterity will easily provide both: it will add brilliance to the matter and sufficient progress to the form. The first inventor of any art transmits greater things to posterity, because, since the beginnings of an art are hard and unfamiliar, no subtle discovery is found consummate from its origin.

From Peapolis, which is also Herbipolis, a city of the Eastern Franks, on the twelfth day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord 1508.

a of the risen [unclear] b untouched c most blessed d undefiled e unstained f most innocent g most splendid h most shining i most modest k most honorable l health-bringing m inviolate n of the blessed Virgin Mary o of holy Mary the Virgin p holy q consecrated r most holy s most chaste t most pure v most beautiful x most pious y most kindly z most serene 2v sweetest 2v gentlest B5 a of the mother | a coequal b of the nurse | b coessential c of the suckler | c consubstantial d of the parent | d impassible e of the bearer | e unchangeable f of the conceiver | f unalterable g of the carrier | g incomprehensible h of the bearer | h unthinkable i of the bringer-forth | i inestimable k of the receiver | k unfailing l of the educator | l sempiternal m of the bridal chamber | m ineffable end n of the cabinet | n coeternal, of the Word o of the shrine | o eternal p of the nourisher | p beloved q of the temple | q everlasting r of the citadel | r only-begotten s of the bride | s only-born t of the suckling one | t coexistent v of the feeder | v immortal x of the tabernacle | x most loving y of the workshop | y dearest z of the treasury | z sweetest ꝛv of the chief dining-room | 2v strongest a of the highest b friends c brothers d of the almighty e fellow soldiers f most pious g fellow Christians h most strong i of the uncircumscribable j fellow faithful k of the unconquerable l companions m of the most high God the Father o my monks n of the most renowned [unclear] o my cloister-brothers o of the excellent p fellow cloister-brothers q of the most benign r fellow priests s of the supercelestial t fellow shepherds v of the supereminent x fellow mortals y of the heavenly z fellow believers 2v proud fellow-livers r ij a best b gentlest c sweetest d strongest e most learned f dearest g most loving h most studious i most erudite k most vigilant l most diligent m most beloved n most pleasant o most cautious p most humble q most devout r most honorable s most virtuous t most excellent v most dear x most laborious y most patient z most noble 20 most prudent a devoutly b assiduously c freely d continually e continuously f fervently g humbly h most humbly i most devoutly k unceasingly l unceasingly m most ardently n most fervently o most constantly p most joyfully q most willingly r constantly s more fervently t more ardently v more joyfully x daily y continually z cheerfully 20 always a we celebrate b restoration c consolation d consoler e preservation f preserver g recovery h recoverer i restoration k restorer l renewal m renewer n renewer of all o let us proclaim p renewal q giver of life r sanctification s justification t x y z 2v let us recall 2v savior r iij a our b approach c access d return e passage f entrance g of believers h entry i progress k ascent l ascent together m of the pious n of the devout, through whom o of minds q of the saved r of Christians s of Christ-worshipers t of the penitent v of the orthodox x of Catholics y of mortals z of the living 2v of men 2v gate for us to us to paved road way path track means guidance confidence passage leading by the hand transmigration emigration introduction a life b lies open c joy d is opened e happiness f will lie open g pleasantness h is restored i consolation k is granted l blessedness m communication n is contributed o joyfulness k is shown r participation q recompense s is bestowed t tranquility m is administered u reward n is repaid v habitation p is reformed x exultation r is rendered y possession s is given z inheritance t is given back A dwelling v is unlocked B enjoyment x is exhibited C brightness y is shown D glory Z is declared E rest V is displayed F vision R quiet Q iiij a eternal b O blessed b eternal c O holy c everlasting d O untouched d everlasting e O bright e apostolic f O perpetual f supercelestial g O inviolate g inaccessible h O blessed h unchangeable i O undefiled i endless k O most blessed l unfading l O most holy m supernatural n O most bright and amp; n of heavenly things o O venerable and o of apostles p O precious p of angels q O beautiful q of martyrs r O gracious r heavenly s O notable s perpetual t O venerable t of saints v O most gracious v of the elect x O most glorious x celestial y O most beautiful y perennial z O [unclear] z spiritual 2v O [unclear] 2v perennial a most pious b mother d splendid c nurse e most pious f guide g sweetest h lamp i everlasting e patroness f most benign g advocate h most merciful i helper k most honorable l promoter m most lovely n helper o most happy virgin m defender n most chaste virgin n preserver o most adorned o preserver p most serene q intercessor r most noble s refresher t most beautiful x consoler u most modest y savior z most powerful z liberator Y most merciful V queen Z most innocent patroness Z most fruitful R empress 20 gentlest S20 a of the needy b to vice b of exiles c to fault c of those who weep d to offense d of the faithful e to sin e of the poor f to stain f of the destitute g to guilt g of all h to excess h of all persons i to crime i of the humble k to crime k of believers l to sin l of all m to wickedness m of Christ-worshipers n to the least harm n of Christians, which o never to outrage o of those who supplicate p to malice p of those who weep q to displeasure q of the infirm r to negligence r of the contrite s to transgression s of the penitent t to indignation t of those who mourn u to temptation u of the living x to vanity x of mortals y to the wrath of God y of men z to offense z of the frail rv to pleasure a subjected b inviolate c bound fast d corrupted e submerged f immersed g indebted h submissive i you consented k you granted l you indulged m you assented n you deferred o you adhered p you clung q you became foul r polluted s touched t defiled v contaminated x disfigured y blackened z stained 20 befouled a pure b clean c innocent d immune e harmless f unpolluted g most pure h most bright i most clean k most luminous l blameless m most just and always, but n always inviolate o most holy p most innocent q immaculate r uncontaminated s most shining t most beautiful v very beautiful x most splendid y beautiful z fair 20 luminous a fortified b fore-fortified c defended d preserved e most preserved f most reserved g most strongly fortified h most defended i most confirmed k immune l most remote m most alien n most free o most exempt p remote q alien r far away s guarded t free u defended x separated y confirmed z privileged a you lived b you shone c you remained d you persisted e you remained f you persevered g you shone forth h you flourished again i you shone k you flourished l you stood forth m you existed n you were o you endured p you gleamed red q you flashed forth r you endured s you glittered t you became bright u you proceeded x you shone upon y you escaped z you shone 2v you shone back, from all, from all a stain a wretched b harm b frail c filth c most wretched d fault d pitiable e guilt e miserable f excess f deserving compassion g blemish g most unworthy h rottenness h corruptible i pollution i most corrupt k vanity k most wicked l stench l most vain m vice m most base n blemish of sin, us n most unjust o burning o most abject p defilement p most unhappy q displeasure q most filthy r contraction r unclean s corruption s humble t uncleanness t weak v transgression v poor x offense x useless y baseness y perishable z incursion z unjust rv commission rv abject a men b of the all-powerful b little men c of the all-holding c worshippers of Christ d of the all-knowing d Christians e of the super-luminous e Catholics f of the immortal f orthodox g of the everlasting g faithful h of the inestimable h worms i of the unfailing i mortals k of the ineffable k living l of the sweetest l believers m of the most pious protective son m credulous n of the dearest o of the brightest n debtors p of the mildest q of the most loving o sinners r of the most beloved s of the most merciful p little worms t of the most benign v of the most excellent q ecclesiastics x of the unchangeable z of the supercelestial r cloistered persons y of the incomprehensible z of the [unclear] s regulars 2v of the most glorious.

a of the creator b little servants c creatures d little clients e servants f priests g hierophants h ministers i preachers k attendants l hearers m servants n worshippers q very small o disciples p heralds q lovers r adorers s venerators t obedient ones v imitators x followers y suppliants z ministers 2v adherents S ij a accustomed b great c immense d customary e greatest f very great g inexhaustible h very rich i abundant k unfailing l very abundant m very opulent n incomparable o inexhaustible p overflowing q most ready r inestimable s incredible t ineffable v most mild x ready y rich z innate 2v implanted a piety b mercy c charity d sweetness e pity f kindness g mercy h compassion i gentleness k love l sweetness m your grace n your goodness o abundance p motherhood q fruitfulness r affluence s abundance t graciousness v serenity x holiness y majesty z humanity 2v munificence a devoutly b ardently c continually d humbly e humbly f most devoutly g most ardently h most urgently i most fervently k most cordially l most desirously m most affectionately n tearfully o with tears p most reverently q desirously r cordially s fervently t confidently v reverently x suppliantly y suppliants z humble 2v trustfully a we pray b we ask c we beseech d we pray e we seek f we entreat g we invoke h we implore i we urgently request k we demand l we adore m we ask that not n we beg that not o we knock p we call upon q we ask repeatedly r we request s we demand t we intercede v we demand x we demand y we ask z we sigh for 2v we seek S .iiij.

a. you may spurn; a. the weakest b. you may have rejected; b. the most corrupt c. spurn; c. corruptible d. you may despise; d. contemptible e. despise; e. little men f. you may have despised; f. men g. you may contemn; g. the poor h. contemn; h. the unhappy i. you may have contemned; i. frail k. you may hold of little account; k. perishable l. you may have held of little account; l. vain m. you may count us as worthless; m. slothful, for this reason, because n. you may abominate us; n. lowly, therefore because [unclear] o. you may count as worthless; o. idle p. you may have held in contempt; p. needy q. you may forget; q. destitute r. you may hold in contempt; r. sluggish s. you may have cast away; s. wretched t. cast away; t. poor little wretches v. cast forth; v. most wretched x. you may deny; x. pitiable y. you may have denied; y. miserable z. you may abandon; z. lost [rum]. you may confound; [rum]. desolate a. evil; b. you may remember; d. b. remember; c. remember; d. you may call to mind; e. recall; f. be mindful; g. be mindful; h. remember; i. consider; k. think back; l. think; m. weigh; n. malicious, we are; § o. depraved; p. dull; q. vicious; r. slothful; s. stained; t. culpable; u. negligent; v. transgressing; y. most wicked; z. most unjust; [2v]. frail; because unless [unclear] unless.

a. they had been b. they had existed c. they had fallen d. they had collapsed e. they had failed f. they had apostasized g. they had effected h. they had sinned i. they had done k. they had been l. they had erred m. they had strayed n. they had erred o. they had strayed p. they had wandered about q. they had wandered away r. they had wandered about s. they had wandered away t. they had offended v. they had fallen x. they had fallen away y. they had exceeded z. they had degenerated [2v]. they had degenerated a. mortal b. men c. living d. carnal e. parents f. first parents g. sinners h. worldly i. worldly k. earthly l. of the earth m. weak, in such matters n. wretched o. unjust p. wicked q. harmful r. guilty s. frail t. feeble v. pitiable x. miserable y. first parents z. first-formed [2v]. transgressors a. in power; a. you would gleam b. in honor; b. you would reign c. in majesty; c. you would shine forth d. in dignity; d. you would glitter e. in eminence; e. you would shine f. in preeminence; f. you would shine g. in honorableness; g. you would glow h. in magnificence; h. you would radiate i. in excellence; i. you would reside k. in prerogative; k. you would give light l. in principality; l. you would shine m. in power, by no means; m. you would shine forth n. in glory, not at all; n. you would exist o. in state; o. you would be p. in cultivation; p. you would rejoice q. in brightness; q. you would be glad r. in loftiness; r. you would exult s. in blessedness; s. you would triumph t. in beauty; t. you would be held v. in sublimity; v. you would rule x. in exaltation; x. you would prevail y. in veneration; y. you would be honored z. in dominion; z. you would exult [rum]. in greatness; [rum]. you would stand a. weakness b. health c. frailty d. insufficiency e. deficiency f. want g. debility h. failure i. misery k. need l. destitution m. cause n. need o. ruin p. [unclear] q. calamity r. dejection s. unhappiness t. hardship v. condition x. ignorance y. poverty z. desolation [2v]. affliction a. our b. our c. of our people d. of all e. of all f. of each g. of all h. of men i. of believers k. of mortals l. of the living m. therefore of earthly people o. of carnal people o. O Mary n. of exiles p. of those on pilgrimage r. of those weeping s. of the weak t. of those groaning v. of those crying out x. of those lamenting y. of those supplicating z. of those entreating [2v]. of those asking a. most chaste b. mother c. lady d. princess e. patroness f. advocate g. consolation h. restorer i. [unclear] k. consoler l. refuge m. protection of all n. virgin, help o. assistance p. helper q. [unclear] r. mirror s. refuge t. confidence v. trust x. joy y. hope z. glory [2v]. joy a. our b. of the faithful c. of the good d. of mortals e. of the living f. of believers g. of Christians h. of worshipers of Christ i. of penitents k. of earthly beings l. of creatures m. of men n. of angels o. of saints p. of the just q. of the pious r. of the humble s. of those hoping t. of Catholics v. of the orthodox x. of the poor y. of exiles z. of the devout [rum]. of the contrite a. fountain b. urn c. ark d. well e. stream f. river g. spring h. dwelling i. beginning k. foundation l. outflow m. depth n. shelter, and of the whole o. dining room p. habitation q. dwelling r. abode s. garden t. little garden v. sanctuary x. upper room y. paradise z. workshop [rum]. storehouse a. of peace b. piously [d]. most piously c. kindly d. mercifully e. more kindly f. benignly g. more mercifully h. favorably i. most kindly k. most mercifully l. compassionately m. most graciously n. most piously o. graciously p. unceasingly q. continually r. daily s. constantly t. perpetually v. always x. willingly y. sympathetically z. patiently [2v]. compassionately a hear a mother b hearken to a nurse c look upon a patroness d behold an advocate e look back upon a helper f behold a consoler g look ahead to a preserver h look upon an auxiliary i behold a defender k look back upon a promoter l behold a mediator m look ahead to one who is a savioress n perceive that you are also a receiver o look ahead to a carer p perceive a rescuer q behold a spokeswoman r look back upon an intercessor s behold a reconciler t look upon a protection v perceive a refuge x look at a refuge y acknowledge one who takes pity z know a protectress rv acknowledge a deliverer a of the weak, show: b of the needy, show: c of the poor, show: d of the wretched, remember: e of the sick, be mindful: f of those who are infirm, call to mind: g of Christians, demonstrate: h of Christ-worshippers, demonstrate: i of Nazarenes, show: k of Catholics, show: l of churchmen, declare: m of the orthodox, declare: [unclear] n of the desolate, declare: o of the contrite, know: p of the contrite, know: q of little ones, know: r of the afflicted, recognize: s of the devout, recognize: t of the faithful, recognize: v of the humble, understand: y of those who mourn, know: z of those who deserve, know: rv of the penitent, exhibit: a from faults b from sins c from stains d from sinful acts e from acts of impiety f from iniquities g from enormities h from transgressions i from imperfections k from impurities l from offenses m from depravities n from crimes o from wicked deeds p from acts of wickedness q from misdeeds r from offenses s from excesses t from negligences v from uncleannesses z from evil deeds x from faults y of all z of the faithful e of the humble f of believers g of the penitent h of Christians i of Christ-worshippers i of the predestined k of Catholics l of churchmen m of the contrite n of the orthodox o of the contrite p of the afflicted q of those who groan r of those who mourn s of the good t of the pious u of those who pray x of those who seek y of those who ask z of those who hope 2v of those who desire a of ours a by holy b intercessions c entreaties d petitions e prayers f invocations g supports h prayers i petitions k prayers l suffrages m your protections before n your helps before o merits p benefits q patronages r favors s aids t requests v requests x reliefs y alleviations z prayers 2v supplications a to the best b author c creator d founder e maker f fashioner g preserver h governor i illuminator k enlightener l redeemer m liberator n savior o emperor p maker q judge r king s ruler t lord v moderator x preserver y disposer z ordainer w director a of heaven b of the world d of the world e of the heavens f of the lands g of heavenly things h of earthly things i of things above k of things above the heavens l of Christians m of Christ-worshippers n of archangels o of dominions p of principalities q of powers r of angels s of creatures t of things v of ours x of human beings y of all z of all collectively 20 of the universe a always b continually c more gently d constantly e daily f continuously g gladly h more gladly i willingly k graciously l cheerfully m sweetly intercede n freely appeal o [unclear] p without interruption q more sweetly r mercifully s more mercifully t as soon as possible v with mercy x unceasingly y perpetually z fully 20 more fully a eternal b best c greatest d heavenly e supreme f immortal g almighty h all-powerful i most strong k holding all things l all-knowing m exalted n glorious o virtuous p invisible q most high r everlasting s sempiternal t most wise v most powerful x most praised z most excellent y of universality w most radiant a of heaven b of the world c of earth d of the heavens e of the lands f of the world g of human beings h of all i of all collectively k of humanity l of the universe m of things above the heavens n of worldly things o of intellectual things p of sensible things q of mortals r of heavenly things s of things t of the sea u of the abyss v of the universe z of the elements A author B maker C creator D founder E fabricator F moderator G institutor H restorer I renewer K producer L disposer M ordainer N preserver O governor P giver of life Q reformer R illuminator S enlightener T emperor V ruler X prince Y worker Z maker A uncircumscribable B incomprehensible C [unclear] D most merciful E unchangeable F most kindly G most perfect H most devoted I most blessed K sweetest L gentlest M ineffable God, you, O N infinite God, you, O O most pious P most bright Q inestimable R incorruptible S inconceivable T most gentle V most glorious X immovable Y inaccessible Z immutable 2v above all things a virgin b queen c lady d dove e empress f pearl g little maiden h Theotokos i little ewe k girl l lamp m Mary n woman o root p rose q phoenix r violet s mistress t daughter v star x female y little virgin z childbearing woman 20 Word-born a most pure b most chaste c most bright d most noble e most renowned f most modest g most excellent h most beautiful i most fair k most graceful l most splendid m most shining in n most adorned in o most dutiful p most happy q most pious r most gentle s most powerful t most celebrated u most sweet x most whole y most prudent z most illustrious 20 most serene a mother b of the beloved c of the coeternal d of the pre-beloved e of the only-begotten f of the only-born g of the ever-begotten h of the sweetest i of the most loving k of the most beloved l of Jesus Christ m of Christ Jesus before n of the only one before o of his Word p of the coeval q of the bright r of the dearest s of the sweetest t of the most powerful v of the most holy x of the most glorious y of the omnipotent z of the consubstantial 2v of the consubstantial a of heaven b beginning b of earth c principle c of the world d origin d of the heavens e placement e of the world f operation f of things g existence g of the spheres h creation h of the cosmos i founding i of the creature k institution k of creatures l constitution l of man m fabrication m of men n production n of angels o ordering o of visible things p beginning p of sensible things q procreation q of mortals r construction s of the universe t composition t of the firmament u disposition v of the whole x appearance x of the stars y formation y of the sun z bringing forth z of the moon 20 placement a piously b called c chose beforehand d prepared e prepared beforehand f ordered g preordained h predestined i named beforehand k precanonized l privileged m predisposed, so that through you n magnified from you o preconstituted p preplaced q reckoned beforehand r recognized s proposed t beheld v inspected x regarded y looked upon z saw 2v foresaw A a life b health c salvation d savior e deliverance f deliverer g redemption h restorer i restoration k repairer l giving of life m giver of life n sanctification o sanctifier p reconciler q reconciliation r purifier s purification t renewer v renewer x renewal y renewal z innocence 2v liberty a might be given b might appear c might be bestowed d might come e might be born f might be rendered g might be restored h might be given back i might be forgiven k might be distributed l might draw near m might approach to us all p might be presented q might be shown r might arise s might rise up t might come forth u might emerge x might burst forth y might assist z might arise 2v might be raised up A to the wretched B to the poor wretches C to the weak D to the pitiable E to the poor F to the miserable G to sinners H to human beings I to earth-born people K to exiles L to those who groan M to the needy N by malignity O to human beings P by flattery Q to the impious R to the unjust S to the wicked T to earthly people V to terrestrial people X to mortals Y to those who hope Z to penitents 2v to the humble A by deceit B by fraud C by envy D by malice E by persuasion F by perfidy G by lying H by [unclear] I by virulence K by fraudulence L by ill will M by malignance N by malignity O by perversity P by flattery q by fury r by cunning s by spite t by madness v by poison x by frenzy y by craftiness z by shrewdness 2v by suggestion a of the evil b of Baal b of the perverse c of the devil c of the malignant d of Satan d of the malicious e of Astaroth e of the malevolent f of Lucifer f of the most wicked g of Beelzebub g of the most criminal h of Leviathan h of the most unspeakable i of Paymon i of the most malignant k of Merhezin k of the most perverse l of Amaymon l of the most lying m of Satan m of the most base n of Barban n of the most cunning o of Vulcan o of the most worthless p of Pluto p of the most foul q of Misotheus q of the most filthy r of Misanthropus r of the worst s of Sachmach s of the wicked t of Asmodeus t of the blind v of Acheron v of the blinded x of Belial x of the most foolish y of Zagan y of the most stupid z of Buffyn z of the most unclean Zabuli a cunningly b overthrown c seduced d subverted e stripped f despoiled g supplanted h dishonored i defiled k laid low l cast down m conquered n killed o slain p defeated q captured r killed s slaughtered t slain v intercepted x taken captive y corrupted z depraved 2v circumvented a true b declaring c demonstrating d sacred e forewarning f truthful g admonishing h holy i manifesting k mystical l protesting m veracious n intimating o divine p declaring q apostolic r confirming s evangelical t affirming u catholic x crying out v Christian w testifying, scripture z of the eternal page p reporting q teaching r asserting s instructing t showing u revealing v explaining x speaking between y most solid z bearing witness z attesting 2v confirming a we read b father c creator d founder e author f maker g fashioner h monarch i governor k preserver l commander m prince, God n ruler, since thus [unclear] our God o king p maker q judge r craftsman s rectifier t confirmer v lord x distributor y disposer z ordainer v moderator a eternal b exalted c best d greatest e heavenly f highest g glorious h most gentle i omnipotent k all-powerful l most merciful m most excellent n most compassionate o uncircumscribable p unchangeable q most kindly r everlasting s most pious t most glorious v magnificent x most holy y sweetest z immeasurable 20 most dutiful, loved b esteemed, weighed, valued, weighed carefully f magnified g glorified h reckoned i accounted k was loving l had loved m loved n was loving o cares p loves q cherishes r esteems s values t weighs v honors x accounts y had loved z had esteemed 20 honored a the world b beloved c coeternal d blessed e sweetest f only-begotten g only-born h most loving i dearest k like l similar m the abject as his own son n fore-loved o loved p pre-loved q lovable r most pious s most dutiful t commensurate v coessential x [unclear]-begotten y everlasting z most beloved 2v consubstantial, from you, from you a mortal b man c visible d flesh e passible f human g carnal h body i body k corporeal l sensible m mediator n savior o liberator p redeemer q reformer r like us s human t poor v suffering x humble y needy z destitute 2v naked; a to give b to offer c to grant d to send e to expose f to bestow g to destine h to expend i to sacrifice k to present l to transmit m to be put to death for n made, to be slaughtered for o to be killed p to be butchered q to be incarnate r to be scourged s to be sold t to be beaten v to contribute x to assign y to furnish z to die 2v to suffer a salvation b of man c of all d of all e of all f of men g of the penitent h of believers i of those desiring k of those trusting l of those confessing m of the humble, let him not doubt n of the poor, he would not refuse o of the frail p of the faithful q of exiles r of mortals s of those groaning t of the wretched u of those in exile x of the contrite y of the fallen z of those denying 20 of those returning a [unclear] b most holy c most beautiful d most fair e most adorned f most fruitful g most precious h most kindly i most merciful k sweetest l happiest m [unclear] of all n most gentle, through whom o purest p most chaste q most dutiful r most modest s most virtuous t most innocent v most powerful x most serene y most illustrious z most noble 20 most renowned a life b to the wretched c hope d to the wretched little ones e peace f to the faithful g to the humble h salvation i to those deserving pity j virtue k to the poor l happiness m to the miserable n to those in exile o concord p to those groaning q consolation r to sinners s giving of life t to the penitent u tranquility v to believers x raising up y to Christians z resurrection p to worshipers of Christ A health q to those supplanted B salvation r to those led astray C rest S to those deceived D repose V to the afflicted E grace X to the desolate F glory Y to men G joy Z to mortals H to those deserving I X K N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a to the wretched b to the most [unclear] c by space d in form e of forms f of forms g of forms h of forms i of forms k of forms l of forms m of forms n of forms o of forms p of forms q of forms r of forms s of forms t of forms u of forms v of forms w of forms x of forms y of forms z of forms a has come b has arrived c has proceeded d has arisen e has shone forth f has sprouted g has germinated h is communicated i has been restored k is restored l germinates m sprouts n has arisen o arises p has grown q grows r flourishes s flourished t has shone v flashed forth x proceeds y burst forth z is prepared 2v has been prepared a most pleasant b most beautiful c most delightful d most sweet e sweetest f everlasting g most bright h perpetual i perennial k angelic l greatest m most luminous n most abundant o most renowned p most excellent q most abounding r most divine s exceedingly sweet t most gentle u highest x truest y safest z most joyful 2v most free a pray b from faults c from sins d from wicked deeds e from [unclear] f from excesses g from iniquities h from crimes i from misdeeds k from negligences l from offenses m drive away, we beseech [you], on account of n injustices o evil deeds p impieties q inequities r necessities s impurities t imperfections v transgressions x calamities y adversities z tribulations 2v sins a God b king c judge d shepherd e prince f Lord g emperor h ruler i redeemer k governor l preserver m governor n life-giver o maker p restorer q reformer r reformer s inspector t consoler v defender x defender y savior z maker 20 author a of all things b of all c of the universes d of the ages e of men f of angels g of humanity h of the universe i of things above k of the supercelestial world l of mortals m of living beings n of the faithful o of the heavens p of the humble q of souls r of the universe s of creation t of spirits u of heavenly beings z of minds, hearts 2v of souls a Jesus Christ a chaste b sweetest b pure c most powerful c virgin d most benign d bright e most pious e untouched f most merciful f most chaste g most indulgent g most pure h most [unclear] h undefiled i wisest i most whole k most shining k most modest l most just l most bright m most gentle m beautiful n most pious n [unclear] beautiful o most bright o modest p dearest q whole q highest r unstained r most equitable s inviolate s most holy t uncorrupted t unchangeable v splendid v almighty x most beautiful x all-powerful y most beautiful y incomprehensible z uncontaminated z uncircumscribable mother a you bore b you conceived c you gave birth d you brought forth e you were delivered f you were delivered g you begot h you nursed i you were delivered k you nursed l you cared for m you nourished him who before you n you cherished him who before [unclear] o you nourished p you cared for q you cared for r you embraced s you were kissing t you generated v you were generating x you had generated y you generated z you had borne 2v you had conceived a constitution b fabrication c comparison d beginning e institution f production g ordering h condition i inception k disposition l situation m placement n position o procession p progress q appearance r commencement s beginning t existence v subsistence x operation y formation z creation 2v beginning a of the world b of the creature c of creatures d of man e of men f of humanity g of worldly things h of things of the world i of supercelestial things k of natures l of visible things m of sensible things n of lands o of angels p of principality q of principalities r of earthly things s of corruptible things t of material things u of spiritual things x of spirits y of waters z of mountains 20 of hills mother parent nurse genetrix receiver conceiver bather consoler caretaker preserver bringing forth generating conceiving of herself bearer of herself carrier rearer caretaker nurse cherisher nourisher washer bride friend woman in childbirth a special b provided c chose d chose beforehand e prepared f predestined g named beforehand h predisposed i set apart k exalted l disposed m [unclear] n prepared o called p constituted q consecrated r proclaimed s sanctified t preserved u granted in advance v privileged x [unclear] y [unclear] z [unclear] 2v a happily b angels c heavenly things d angelic things e stars f powers g principalities h archangels i dominations k the universe l every creature m every virtue everywhere n eternity o powers p virtues q seraphim r cherubim s all things t thrones u the ether x all things y clouds z the moon 2v the sun a placed; b exalted; c adorned; d raised high; e exalted above measure; f established; g advanced; h set in place; i lifted up; k transferred; l raised up; m brought in; n set over; o crowned; p illumined; q took up; r brought to; s appointed; t reckoned; v numbered; x ascribed; y enrolled; z assigned; 2v set apart. a more preeminent; b more eminent; c more excellent; d more glorious; e more sublime; f more powerful; g more renowned; h more illustrious; i greater; k better; l higher; m [more blessed?], so much you; n [more fortunate?], so much you; o freer; p more serene; q more renowned; r more excellent; s more distinguished; t worthier; v more surpassing; x holier; y more exceptional; z more beautiful; 2v fairer.

a gentler; b sweeter; c more pleasant; d kinder; e milder; f more merciful; g more indulgent; h nearer; i more favorable; k more abundant; l readier; m more appeased; n more peaceful; o more cheerful; p nearer; q closest; r more inclined; s more gentle; t more munificent; x more excellent; y more familiar; z more frequent; 20 more beneficent. 21 to consign; 22 to furnish; 23 to show; 24 to declare; 25 to show; 26 to demonstrate; 27 to present; 28 to manifest; 29 to recognize; 30 to acknowledge; 31 to provide; 32 to us; 33 to show; 34 do not refuse; 35 to intimate; 36 do not omit; 37 to reveal; 38 to esteem; 39 to think; 40 to remember; 41 to reckon; 42 to bestow; 43 to understand.

a Truly; b we know; c certainly; d we perceive; e we acknowledge; f we have acknowledged; g we have known; h we know; i we recognize; k we have recognized; l we understand; m we have understood; n we declare; o we affirm; p we attest; q we profess; r we confess; s we agree; t we trust; v we hope; x we acknowledge; y we hold; z we teach; 2v we are taught.

a mother; b parent; c begetter; d procurer; e discoverer; f restorer; g recoverer; h renewer; i restorer; k finder; l lady; m little garden; n ark; o fountain; p [garden?]; q urn; r giver; s worker; t dwelling; u queen; x empress; y storehouse; z treasury; 2v storeroom. a of life; b of light; c of peace; d of salvation; e of piety; f of light; g of happiness; h of charity; i of sweetness; k of goodness; l of grace; m of gladness, and therefore that you are; n of justice, and therefore; p of virtue; q of wisdom; r of innocence; s of love; t of perfection; v of mercy; x of compassion; y of blessedness; z of pleasantness; 2v of purity.

a with all; b eternal; c [assiduous?]; d continual; e greatest; f universal; g most renowned; h all; i immense; k everlasting; l most devout; m humble; n immortal; o most abundant; p most plentiful; q perennial; r most humble; s perpetual; t vast; u everlasting; x chief; y ample; z many; 20 holy. a worthy; b to be sung; c to be adorned; d to be decorated; e to be crowned; f to be honored; g to be celebrated; h to be venerated; i to be commended; k to be celebrated together; l to be canonized; m to be commemorated; n to be remembered again; o to be remembered; p to be solemnized; q to be kept festal; r to be extolled; s to be loved; t to be cherished; u to be prayed to; x to be sung; y to be proclaimed; z to be exalted; 21 to be richly adorned.

a by merits; b by prayers; c by praises; d by proclamations; e by services; f by honors; g by prayers; h by laudations; i by commendations; k by supplications; l by solemnities; m by rejoicings; n by songs; o by favor; p by voices; q by joys; r by feasts; s by vows; t by songs; u by verses; x by [remembrances?]; y by poems; z by honors; 2v by festivities. a life; b peace; c salvation; d piety; e justice; f holiness; g redemption; h sanctification; i justification; k reconciliation; l deliverance; m freedom through you; n security through you; o consolation; p innocence; q immortality; r blessedness; s glorying; t happiness; v health; x goodness; y virtue; z light, hope.

a is given; b to the weak; c to the wretched; c is given back; d to the meek; e is restored; f to the poor; g is consigned; h to the gentle; i is assigned; k to the humble; l is provided; m to exiles; n is returned; o to penitents; [unclear]; r is added; s to those journeying abroad, [unclear]; t is shown; u to believers; v is prepared; p to Christians; x is manifested; y to the faithful; z is demonstrated; s to Catholics; v renews; t to the orthodox; x is reformed; y to the desolate; z is set forth; z to the frail; 20 is offered; 20 to the worldly.

a deceit; b faithless; c worst; d malicious; e lying; f foulest; g filthiest; h most unclean; i most criminal; k most unspeakable; l most wicked; m most inequitable; n most unjust; o most impious; p [most foolish?]; q most foolish; r wicked; s most false; t most envious; v [most poisonous?]; x most mendacious; y most treacherous; z dark; 20 criminal.

a of the enemy; a of Zabulus b of the snake; b of the devil c of the serpent; c of Satan d of the adversary; d of Lucifer e of the one opposing; e of Asmodeus f of the accuser; f of Paymon g of the one accusing; g of Amaymon h of the incriminator; h of Rambans i of the one corrupting; i of Rhadamanthus k of the corrupter; k of Hamelon l of the plotter; l of Ammon m of the apostate; m of Alaphans n of the enemy; n of Astaroth o of the hater; o of Nergetis p of the wolf; p of Argeetis q of the lion; q Belial r of the robber; r Berich s of the spirit; s Egyn t of the murderer; t Orson u of the deceiver; v Urfur x of the one lying in wait; x Asans y of the transgressor; y Schuraym z of the supplanter; z Luthealis [unclear] of the poisoner; [unclear] of Misaleth

a miserably; b held; c had held; d was holding; e had detained; f had occupied; g had preoccupied; h was preoccupying; i preoccupied; k was occupying; l occupied; m was holding; n had; o was having; p had had; q was possessing; r had possessed; s was slaughtering; t had slaughtered; v had tortured; x was torturing; y was holding; z possessed; [unclear] obtained. Y four.

a captives; b prisoners; c shut in; d enclosed; e confined; f oppressed; g compressed; h constrained; i shackled; k submerged; l thrust down; m thrust in; n bound; o shut; p fettered; q enslaved; r lamenting; s weeping; t groaning; u bound together; x bound fast; y desolate; z afflicted; 20 bound. a of Avernus; b of hell; c of death; d of misery; e of sadness; f of grief; g of miseries; h of darkness; i of bitterness; k of sorrows; l of desolation; m of unhappiness; n of damnation; o of aversion; p of poverty; q of exile; r of deviation; s of error; t of ignorance; v of corruption; x of anathema; y of malignity; z of curse; [unclear] of indignation.

a Is born; b Was born; c Was being born; d Appeared; e Was appearing; f Had appeared; g Had appeared; h Was appearing; i Appeared; k Is conceived; l Was conceived; m Was being conceived; n Will come; o Had come; p Came; q Shone; r Was shining; s Had shone; t Was beginning to shine; u Had flashed forth; x Was flashing forth; y Flashed forth; z Proceeded; v Flourished. w of the eternal, great, best, highest, greatest, ineffable, inestimable, omnipotent, all-powerful, incomprehensible, unsearchable, unthinkable, incorruptible, almighty, most merciful, most kindly, most loving, everlasting, immortal, invisible, magnificent, most pious.

a of God; b begotten from eternity; c consubstantial; d only-begotten; e coessential; f only-begotten; g [unclear]; h coeternal; i coequal; k of the same age; l beloved; m unique; n alone; o [unclear]; p pleasing; q well-pleasing; r promised; s promised again; t most mild; u sweetest; x most loving; y most beloved; z most innocent; [unclear] incomprehensible; a ever-begotten. [The following sequence is unclear.]

a Jacob; b visible; c touchable; d palpable; e bodily; f perceptible; g tractable; h passible; i mortal; k audible; l carnal; m affable; n abject, walking; o poor; p needy; q destitute; r alone; s despised; t unknown; v contemned; x incarnate; y made man; z humanated; [unclear] [enanthropyson?].

a figure; b form; c appearance; d matter; e little bundle; f participation; g weakness; h communion; i participation; k weakening; l humiliation; m humility [unclear]; n humanity; o humanation; p incarnation; q little body; r prison; s little form; t man; v flesh; x body; y soma; z ours; 20 sense. a most noble; b most holy; c most beautiful; d most fair; e most splendid; f most shining; g most glorious; h most bright; i most modest; k most chaste; l most pure; m most pious virgin; o greatest, most renowned virgin; p most honorable; q most merciful; r most compassionate; s most eminent; t most excellent; v most excellent; x most precious; y most worshipful; z most loving.

a taking b accepting c receiving d undertaking e perceiving f conceiving g assuming h resuming i taking from k putting on l undergoing m covering n choosing o choosing beforehand p carrying q having r bearing s carrying t preferring v carrying through x carrying with oneself y leading around z fitting together a of flesh b of flesh c of weakness d of humanity e of frailty f of condition g of likeness h of mortality i of passibility k of generation l of humility m of debility n of poverty o of abjection p of substance q of essence r of nature s of want t of need u of necessity x of poverty y of nakedness z of exile 2v of feebleness Z a impious b unjust c worst d lying e criminal f savage g most criminal h most lying i most savage k most malignant l most wicked m most treacherous n most wicked o most criminal p most proud q most impious r malignant s malicious t treacherous v ancient x envious y crooked z envious vr cruel a enemy b thief c wolf d lion e spirit f devil g demon h robber i murderer k apostate l deserter m plotter n accuser o slanderer p transgressor q misanthrope r hater of truth s tyrant t shape-shifter v snake x serpent y dragon z enemy 2v adversary a with great b justice c fairness d humility e courage f combat g struggle h contest i fighting together k perseverance l gentleness m encounter n conflict o fighting together p compassion q speed r ease s goodness t reason v piety x clemency y charity z love 2v forbearance Z ij a he overcame b of the humble c of the poor d of the wretched e of captives f of the deceived g of the abject h of the lost i of the frail k of men l of mortals m of the penitent n of the contrite o of those groaning p of those in exile q of the desolate r of those crying out s of those invoking t of believers v of Christians x of worshippers of Christ z of Catholics 2v of the orthodox ad a life b he repaired c he recalled d he renewed e he made new f he restored g he restored h he reformed i he readapted k he reordered l he restored m he brought back n he received o he remitted p he brought in q he introduced r he instituted s he ordained t he re-elected u he invited x he admitted y he sanctified z he gave life Z iij a eternal b Born b everlasting c Having suffered c everlasting d Captured d lost e Killed e angelic f Slain f heavenly g Dead g perpetual h Detained h sempiternal i Struck i beatifying k Crucified k most bright l Slain l most beautiful m Incarnate m most salutary n Scourged, wounded n most honorable o Pierced through o inestimable p [unclear] p supercelestial q Made man q above the angels r Spat upon r unchangeable s Crowned s endless t Beaten t desirable x Humbled v perennial y Struck with fists x health-giving z Blasphemed y saving z Martyred z divine 20 a by vices b faults c merits d demerits e sins f guilt g excesses h wickednesses i injustices k things committed l iniquities m enormities n depravities o transgressions p prevarications q sins r impieties s crimes t negligences u crimes x wicked deeds y acts z offenses 2v harms a our b of the fallen c of the collapsed d of the wretched e of the poor f of the weak g of the needy h of men i of mortals k of the desolate l of the dying m of the dead; by death, us n of earth-born men; by death, us o of believers p of all collectively q of all r of all s another's t of others v of the world x of the world y of the faithful z of the humble 2v of the penitent Z iiij a bitter b bitter c precious d holy e painful f pitiable g pitiable h deserving compassion i most virtuous k most victorious l most innocent m most precious n most bitter o most atrocious p most bitter q most wretched r most sorrowful s most sad t most savage v dreadful x salutary y most shameful z contemptible 2v most cruel a best b greatest c highest d most high e most gentle f sweetest g almighty h all-powerful i most holy k most blessed l most sacred m most merciful n unchangeable o incomprehensible p uncircumscribable q most merciful r most kindly s most worthy of worship t most pious u most serene x most pious y most bright z most placid 2v inaccessible a to God; a our b to the Father; b of the globe c to the author; c of the world d to the maker; d of all e to the fashioner; e of all things f to the creator; f of all things g to the founder; g of the universe h to the ruler; h of worldly things i to the preserver; i of things of the world k to the moderator; k of heavenly things l to the governor; l of the heavens m to the fabricator; m of the lands n to the shaper; n heaven reconciled o to the establisher; o earth reconciled p to the beginning; p of spirits q to the ruler; q of souls r to the judge; r of mortals s to the king; s of the living t to the monarch; t of angels v to the inspector; v of earthly things x to the knower; x of the faithful y to the consoler; y of those who breathe z to the searcher; z of those who breathe rv of individuals 20:16:17:18:19:20:21:22:23:24:25:26:27:28:29:30:31:32:33:34:35:36:37:38:39:40:41:42:43:44:45:46:47:48:49:50:51:52:53:54:55:56:57:58:59:60:61:62:63:64:65:66:67:68:69:70:71:72:73:74:75:76:77:78:79:80:81:82:83:84:85:86:87:88:89:90:91:92:93:94:95:96:97:98:99:100:101:102:103:104:105:106:107:108:109:110:111:112:113:114:115:116:117:118:119:120:121:122:123:124:125:126:127:128:129:130:131:132:133:134:135:136:137:138:139:140:141:142:143:144:145:146:147:148:149:150:151:152:153:154:155:156:157:158:159:160:161:162:163:164:165:166:167:168:169:170:171:172:173:174:175:176:177:178:179:180:181:182:183:184:185:186:187:188:189:190:191:192:193:194:195:196:197:198:199:200:201:202:203:204:205:206:207:208:209:210:211:212:213:214:215:216:217:218:219:220:221:222:223:224:225:226:227:228:229:230:231:232:233:234:235:236:237:238:239:240:241:242:243:244:245:246:247:248:249:250:251:252:253:254:255:256:257:258:259:260:261:262:263:264:265:266:267:268:269:270:271:272:273:274:275:276:277:278:279:280:281:282:283:284:285:286:287:288:289:290:291:292:293:294:295:296:297:298:299:300:301 a most diligently; b most wisely; b for the wretched c most prudently; c for the poor wretches d most worthily; d for earthly ones e most humbly; e for the desolate f most faithfully; f for mortals g unceasingly; g for the living h most justly; h for earth-born people i most rightly; i for the poor k joyfully; k for those in exile l cheerfully; l for the frail m deservedly; n for all the deficient n assiduously therefore; m for all the faithful o rightly; p for Christians p justly; q for worshippers of Christ q by right; r for sinners r always; s for Catholics s continually; t for the penitent v faithfully; v for the contrite x ardently; x for the crushed in spirit y fervently; z for those who groan z diligently; z for those who fall rv most fervently; rv for the afflicted a with great; b eagerness; c charity; d love; e integrity; f purity; g innocence; h exultation; i jubilation; k diligence; l cheerfulness; m holiness; n affection; o goodness; p boldness; q belief; r reverence; s rectitude; t observance; v goodwill; x simplicity; y chastity; z sobriety; 2v chastity a praiseworthy; b salvation; c freedom; d liberation; e redemption; f renewal; g renewal; h resurrection; i reconciliation; k restoration; l restoration; m giving of life; n blessing; o grace; p peace; q life; r light; s rest; t repose; v security; x tranquility; y mercy; z kindness; 2v clemency a arisen; b for the humble; c for the upright of heart; d for believers; e for the meek; f for all; g for all universally; h for the predestined; i for the justified; k for the sanctified; l for the penitent; m for suppliants; n for those who ask; o for those who beseech; p for those who seek; q for those who pray; r for petitioners; s for the contrite; t for the crushed in spirit; u for the wretched; x for poor wretches; y for those to be pitied; z for those in exile; 2v for mortals; a a we pray; b most pious; c most gentle; d most devout; e most worthy; f most beautiful; g most fair; h most kind; i most merciful; k most reverend; l most precious; m most glorious; n most [unclear]; o most eminent; p most radiant; q most renowned; r most powerful; s most noble; t most modest; u most chaste; x most pure; y most holy; z most blessed; 20 we desire a virgin; a of all b queen; b of all things c woman; c of all things universally d lady; d of the poor e helper; e of the humble f patroness; f of the faithful g advocate; g of men h repairer; h of mortals i helper; i of the wretched k empress; k of those who groan l mistress; l of believers m preserver; m of Christians, Mary n defender; n of worshippers of Christ, Mary o intercessor; o of the meek p reconciler; p of pilgrims q restorer; q of Catholics r refresher; r of the orthodox s restorer; s of those who implore t restorer; t of those who invoke v reliever; v of exiles x succorer; x of those who trust y mediatrix; y of those who wait z refreshment; z of those who stand waiting rv comforter; rv of the living a ij a to be saved b to be made alive c to be justified d to be set right e to be purified f to be cleansed g to be sanctified h to be formed i to be enlightened k to be illumined l to be glorified m to be preserved n to be reconciled o to be protected beforehand p to be made new q to be renewed r to be made blessed s to be gladdened t to be helped v to be corrected x to be cleansed y to be cherished z to be helped 20 to be saved; a by holy b assiduous c great d very great e continual f sweetest g frequent h most pious i magnificent k most holy l most pleasing m most efficacious n most powerful o most kindly p most glorious q most renowned r most merciful s most illustrious t daily v most gentle x most wealthy y most pious z glorious 2v fruitful a by merits a eternal b by helps b heavenly c by suffrages c most pious d by prayers d highest e by intercessions e highest f by interventions f everlasting g by supports g sweetest h by reliefs h most pious i by alleviations i almighty k by patronages k all-powerful l by protections l most merciful m by your aids before m most kindly n by prayers n most [unclear] o by entreaties o most indulgent p by favors p most excellent q by helps q most gentle r by prayers r most tranquil s by supplications s most glorious t by petitions t unconquered v by urgent entreaties v strongest x by supplications x most holy y by defenses y highest z by requests z most powerful rv by petitions rv most outstanding a iii a author b our c savior d of the world e creator f of the universe g founder h of all i emperor e of all k maker f of all things l fashioner g of the universe m restorer h of the whole world n reconciler i of the world o preserver k of creatures p governor l of Christians q illuminator m of Christians, Jesus Christ, whom r confirmer n of the humble, Christ Jesus, whom . s comforter o of the faithful t enlightener u sanctifier p of the living v repairer q of those who hope x producer r of mortals y liberator s of the frail z mediator t of lands 2v of those who trust a you conceived b he will hear c he will hear favorably d he hears favorably e he receives f he will receive g he admits h admit i he honors k he will honor l he reveres m he will revere n he listens o he listens p he will listen q he will listen r he consoles s he will console t he will not despise v he does not despise x he will look upon y he looks upon z he will look favorably 2v he looks upon a iv a you shall have asked b he made c he established d he constituted e he placed f he raised up g he exalted h he adorned i he adorned k he ordered l he crowned m he appointed n he wished o he instituted p he chose q he chose beforehand r he promoted s he declared t he showed v he demonstrated x he set forth y he placed over z he preordained 2v he honored a powerful b great c glorious d greatest e honorable f honorable g empress h moderator i princess k lady l queen m patroness n advocate o most illustrious p preeminent q highest r excellent s omnipotent t most powerful v most glorious x most eminent y most preeminent z most excellent ru chosen angels, archangels, principalities, powers, cherubim, seraphim, virtues, thrones, heavenly ones, all saints: above all the heavens: blessed good spirits, creatures, souls, sanctified men, beatified, dominations, glorified, predestined a subjecting b handing over c granting d handing over in return e contributing f submitting g permitting h committing i commending k promising l dismissing m giving n giving o furnishing p deferring q offering r providing s conferring t conceding v assigning x consigning y administering z ministering 2v exhibiting; a to vows b to merits c to prayers d to commands e to mandates f to orders g to wills h to precepts i to supplications k to prayers l to your desires m to the precepts of every universe n to nods o to counsels p to protections q to aids r to suffrages s to good pleasures t to petitions u to intercessions x to supports y to interventions z to patronages 2v to petitions a We ask b greatest, purest c holiest d most pious e most chaste f noblest g most beautiful h most beautiful i most innocent k most precious l most chaste m gentlest n most pious o more truthful, Virgin Mary, [unclear] and most adorned p most illustrious r most glorious s most merciful t most excellent v most splendid x most merciful y most powerful z most kindly 20 sweetest a praise b gladness c charm d sweetness e refreshment f pleasantness g joyfulness h empress i glorification k glorifier l exultation m exaltation n lady o queen p glory q glorying r lover s adornment t adorner v moderator x consoler y consolation z crown-bestower [unclear] coronation a of the just b of the pious c of the upright d of the good e of the saints f of the angels g of the blessed h of the elect i of the humble k of believers l of the faithful m of all virtues and n of all the happy and o of the heavenly p of the apostles q of the martyrs r of the virgins s of the innocents t of the confessors v of the prophets x of the patriarchs y of the worshippers of Christ z of Christians [unclear] of principalities a pious b powerful c ready d voluntary e most worthy f most ready g most powerful h most tenderly pious i most pious k merciful l sweet m mild n true o certain p one q sole r solid s firm t best v greatest x most certain y truest z most loving [unclear] most benign a mother b parent c supporter d patroness e advocate f mediatrix g helper h promoter i preserver k defender l assistant m trust n nourisher o hope p peace q salvation r healer s savioress t confidence v restorer x renewer y pitier z procurer [unclear] refreshment b a of the faithful b may you entreat c may you worship d may you plead e may you ask f may you demand g may you intercede h may you intervene i may you appeal k may you speak between l may you speak forth m may you implore for us n may you speak for us o may you request p may you ask earnestly q may you ask r may you beg s may you seek t may you request v may you pray x may you beseech y may you demand z may you urgently demand [unclear] may you assist a the wretched b human beings c [unclear] d mortals e sinners f earthly beings g worldly beings h earth-born beings i earthly beings k exiles l servants m believers toward n orthodox toward o servants p little servants q Catholics r Christians s worshippers of Christ t ecclesiastics v pilgrims x the poor y carnal persons z cloistered persons [unclear] ministerial persons bij a pious b just c great d best e greatest f most pious g most mild h most tenderly pious i sweetest k omnipotent l all-powerful m everlasting n most benign o most merciful p most glorious q most indulgent r most powerful s unchangeable t immortal v invisible x eternal y glorious z everlasting [unclear] benign a emperor b redeemer c savior d liberator e founder f creator g maker h rescuer i lord k judge l king m God n artificer o author p father q helper r ruler s mover t receiver v dominator x preserver y life-giver z governor [unclear] sanctifier a our b of all c of all d of the faithful e of the humble f of believers g of all men h of the universe i of visible things k of mortals l of spirits m of souls and with n of minds o of the good p of the just q of the pious r of the saints s of the elect t of the meek u of the poor x of human beings y of the orthodox z of the living [unclear] of Christians a hour b little hour c instant d time e point f instant g severity h necessity i cruelty k distress l necessity m bitterness n moment o disturbance p sadness q calamity r tribulation s turbulence t violence u pressure x groaning y sorrow z fear, dread b iij a of death a to be present b of decease b to come c of going c to be imminent d of going out d to stand by e of departing e to arrive f of migrating f to press on g of emigrating g to emerge h of going forth h to burst in i of returning i to burst forth k of progressing k to hasten l of migrating together l to rush in m of transmigrating m to press; it began, then I [unclear] n of dissolution n to prevail; it began, then I [unclear] o of dying o to hurry p of discharging life p to press hard q of dissolving q to rise up r of dying r to arise s of dying away s to draw near t of departing t to approach v of withdrawing v to be near x of departing x to come near y of being resolved y to trouble z of flying away z to leap forth [unclear] of flying off [unclear] to be present

a most pious b most chaste c most mild d most blessed e most pure f sweetest g most tenderly pious h most noble i most holy k most celebrated l most powerful m most beautiful n most benign o most merciful p most glorious q most merciful r most prudent s most worthy of worship t most fair v most illustrious x most modest y most entire z most bright [unclear] virgin [unclear] mother c parent d lady e patroness f advocate g helper h empress i helper k succorer l intervener m intercessor [unclear] o preserver p pitier q mediatrix r procurer s savioress t promoter v childbearer x Theotokos y nurse z woman [unclear] queen b iiij a pious b gentle c sweet d pleasant e merciful f maternally g most piously h piously i pleasantly k faithfully l sweetly m mercifully n most gently o most sweetly p most piously q most faithfully r most pleasantly s kindly t personally v most kindly x steadfastly y cheerfully z healthfully 2v powerfully a be present b appear c may you appear d come to aid e may you come to aid f may you succor g succor h succor i I favor k may you favor l favor m may you be present, lest n stand by, lest o may you stand by p may you be in sight q be in sight r be present s may you have mercy t may you have mercy v have compassion x have mercy y you will be present z be present 2v shine upon a we may be condemned b with the impious c with the unjust d with the reprobate e with the wicked f with the iniquitous g with the worst h with apostates i with the faithless j with the dishonest k with unbelievers l with the infidel m with demons n with the most impious o with the most unjust p with the most wicked q with the most iniquitous r with the most perverse s with the desperate t with the obstinate u with the damned v with evildoers x with the evil y we may be scourged z we may be [unclear] a fearful b dreadful c fearsome d horrible e terrifying f severe g very severe h most severe i most horrible k most dreadful l most equitable m most just n future o equitable p just q certain r imminent s ordained t to come v most certain x infallible y inevitable z manifest 20 evident a of God b of Christ c of the Lord d of the Creator e of the Founder f of the Savior g of the Fashioner h of the Redeemer i of the Sanctifier k of the Giver of Life l of the Ruler m of the Commander n of the Governor o of the Preserver p of the Maker q of the Sustainer r of the Moderator s of the [unclear] t of the Inspector v of the Maker x of the Ruler y of the Artisan z of the King 21 of the Judge a our b joy c sweetness d rest e glory f pleasantness g delightfulness h gladness i blessedness k enjoyment l brightness m peace with all n light with all o quiet p dwelling q habitation r exultation s jubilation t pleasure v tranquillity x sublimity y glorification z freedom 20 terrible 21 life a with the saints b with the elect c with the good d with the just e with the apostles f with the angels g with the blessed h with the upright i with the happy k with the justified l with the sanctified m with the dwellers in heaven n with the glorious o with the pious p with the pure q with the faithful r with Christians s with worshipers of Christ t with the virtuous v with martyrs x with archangels y with evangelists z with confessors 2v with the predestined a eternal b everlasting c perpetual d lasting e sempiternal f joyful g most delightful h unending i incomparable k unfading l unspeakable m inestimable n light-flowing o ineffable p most beautiful q unceasing r endless s infinite t promised v promised in return x angelic y heavenly z celestial 2v divine a Father b our c of all d of all collectively e of all universally f of the universe g of Christians h of worshipers of Christ i of those predestined k of those above heaven l of all things m of things general, who n of our race q of men p of the just r of the good s of the meek t of the faithful u of the saints x of believers y of angels z of spirits 20 of the orthodox a you are a in the heavens b you are present b in heaven c you live c in the heights d you stand forth d on high e you exist e in the exalted place f you remain f in the exalted places g you abide g in the Most High h you shine h in the highest places i you rule i in the heavenly places k you hold princely rule k over all l you triumph l over all things m you glitter m in the things above n you command n in the heavenly places o you reign o in heaven p you shine back p for an age q you shine q forever r you sit r everlastingly s you reside s perpetually t you shine brightly t sempiternally u you dwell u in eternity x you gleam x in the most eminent place z you grow bright z in the most eminent places 2v you are glorified 2v in the supreme places a may it be sanctified b name c kingdom d empire e appellation f footstool g diadem h scepter i counsel k utterance l ordinance m your established thing n your mystery o address p testimony q gospel r cognomen s hiding place t cognomen v agnomen x forename y pronoun z temple 2v will a may it come b empire c dominion d ordinance e teaching f good pleasure g thing promised in return h thing established i promise k utterance l counsel m your word n your doctrine o sheepfold p work q pleasure r complacency s reward t amulet v remedy x aid y dwelling z testimony 2v sanctification a let it be done b will c ordinance d constitution e precept f disposition g ordering h consultation i let it be accomplished k providence l may it advance m compassion n let it be formed o let it command p mercy q let it reign r volition s let it overcome t thought u law v mind x intention y consolation z justification 20 sanctification 21 illumination a: as; b: in the heavens; c: just as; d: in the heights; e: together; f: heavenly; g: equally; h: things above; i: as; k: the highest; l: in order that; m: supercelestial; n: in what manner; o: highest; p: like; q: high things; r: always; s: on high; t: continually; u: the just; v: constantly; x: the good; y: as; z: the blessed; v: perfectly; ʒ: with felicity; perpetually; y: archangels; 2: continuously; z: principalities; 3: dominions; and in [unclear].

a from the earth b from lands c from earth-born people d from earthly things e from terrestrial things f from human beings g in pilgrimage h in pilgrimages i from those in exile k from sinners l from mortals m from worldly people n from human things o from the world p from the lowest things q from the lowest place r from the depths s in the lowest place t to us v in exile x to the fragile y to the faithful z to the living 20 to those below a bread b sustenance c clothing d drink e garment f covering g nourishment h increase i raiment k victual l support m food n food o drink p mixture q food r adornment s advancement t consolation v aid x refreshment y nourishment z provision 20 sustenance a our b of the just c of the good d of the elect e of the saints f of the angels g of those above h of those above the heavens i of blessedness k of the innocent l of innocence m of goodness n of purity o of piety p of salvation q of peace r of life s of light t of justice v of virtue x of charity y of happiness z of sincerity 20 of perfection a daily b necessary c everlasting d prepared e perpetual f eternal g eternal h desired i holy k pure l luminous m heavenly n life-giving o most salutary p most strong q most solid r most mighty s most sweet t magnificent u best z bright 20 desired a give b to the wretched c to the poor little ones d to the needy e to the faithful f to those in need g to the poor h to believers i to those asking k to those supplicating l to those demanding m to those expecting n to those beseeching o to those waiting p to the penitent q to the needy r to mortals s to those praying t to those petitioning v to those desiring x to those imploring y to those earnestly entreating z to those asking 2v to those requesting a today b on this day c on this day d daily e every day f continually g unceasingly h without end i abundantly k sufficiently l mercifully m perpetually n mercifully o perpetually p continually q always r constantly s most piously t abundantly v copiously x providently y most lovingly z graciously 2v gratefully a forgive b may you forgive c forgive d remit e remit f remit g pardon h may you pardon i cleanse k may you cleanse l wipe away m wipe away for us n wipe away for us o release p may you release q grant pardon r may you grant pardon s dissolve t may you dissolve v dissolve x take away y may you take away z take away 2v dissolve a debts b crimes c offenses d crimes e misdeeds f demerits g evil deeds h wrongs done i sins k shameful deeds l sins m hidden things n vices o evils p depraved things q things neglected r things admitted s things committed t things omitted v things past x imperfect things y more hidden things z things perpetrated 20 trespasses a as b just as c as d just as e because f insofar as g insofar as h in what manner i since k as often as l whenever m as often as we also n just as and [unclear] o provided that p as soon as q indeed r certainly s when t while u who x as y that z if 21 for a we forgive b we remit c we pardon d we are reconciled e we suffer with f we grant pardon g we concede h we grieve with i we have mercy k we release l we loosen m we spare n we do o we act p we bestow q we lavish r we pray against s we condescend t we succor v we assist x we do good y we consent z we show 20 we display a to debtors b to those owing c to those doing injury d to evildoers e to those doing evil f to those insulting g to detractors h to those detracting i to those doing injury k to those opposing l to our adversaries, and not m to our enemies, and not n to our foes, and not o to rivals p to opponents q to haters r to injurers s to those harming t to persecutors u to those lying in wait x to calumniators y to calumniators z to those persecuting 20 to offenders a us a may you lead b the pious b you will have led in c the just c you will have led away d the good d may you lead to e the meek e lead in f the faithful f lead to g the fragile g may you lead through h human beings h lead through i the weak i you will have led through k the wretched k you will have led forth l mortals l lead forth m believers m may you lead forth into n those to be pitied n may you lead together into o the pitiable o you will have led together p Christians p lead together q the gentle q lead away r the simple r may you lead away t the little ones s you may cast headlong v the humble v lead back x the small x may you lead back y the contrite y may you lead in z the fearful z you will have led in 20 the weak 20 may you lead down d a temptation b deliver b temptations c may you deliver c trial d deliver d trials e relieve e trials f may you relieve f trial g relieve g ill will h reserve h alienation i preserve i apostasy k may you preserve k aversion l preserve l calamity m preserve m perversity, but n may you preserve n malice, but o preserve o sin p may we be preserved p destruction q may we be preserved q death r may we be reserved r vanity s may we be kept s perdition t may you guard t obstinacy v guard v impenitence x may you preserve x pride y preserve y obstinacy z defend z displeasure ʒ redeem 20 a us b evils c sin d sins e malice f evil deeds g evil deed h evil deeds i danger k dangers l perdition m guilt n diseases o death p guilt q vices r vice s fault t faults u offense x crime z curse 2v curses d ij Amen a Hail; b Hail; c Hail; d Hail; e May you be well; f Rejoice; g May you rejoice; h [unclear]; i Be glad; k Applaud; l May you applaud; m He applauds; o N [unclear]; p P [unclear]; q [unclear]; r Rejoice together; s May you exult; t Exult; v May you be well; x Farewell; y Farewell; z Live; 2v May you live. a Mary; b virgin; c queen; d lady; e child-bearing woman; f empress; g little virgin; h mistress; i word-born; k God-bearer; l parent; m mother; n violet; o rose; p untouched; q inviolate; r patroness; s God-bearing; t God-bearing; v advocate; x incorrupt; y undefiled; z unstained; 2v most benign.

a grace; b filled; c filled; d filled; e adorned; f adorned; g adorned; h most full; i most replete; k heaped up; l most richly endowed; m most accumulated; n most abundant; o most overflowing; p most adorned; q surrounded; r exalted; s lofty; t most wealthy; v rich; x abundant; y overflowing; z suffused; 2v wealthy.

a Lord; b blessed; b ruler; b most blessed; c omnipotent; c praiseworthy; d all-powerful; d venerable; e high-powerful; e most praised; f star-powerful; f most glorious; g thundering on high; g most honored; h Most High; h most reverend; i exalted; i most eminent; k founder; k most eminent; l creator; l most powerful; m author with you; m most renowned of yours; n maker with you; n greatest of yours; o God; o most pious; p salvation; p most noble; q savior; q most holy; r greatest; r most modest; s supreme; s most beautiful; t redeemer; t fairest; v ineffable; v most excellent; x unchangeable; x most pious; y most excellent; y most chaste; z incomprehensible; z gentlest; 2v uncircumscribable; 2v most adorned.

a among women; b blessed; c most blessed; d among virgins; e exalted above; f among mothers; g praised above; h among women giving birth; i most noble; k among parents; l most renowned; m among the continent; n most illustrious; o among women in labor; p most pleasant; q among principalities; r most glorious; s among the supercelestial; t most praiseworthy; u among dominations; l most excellent; v among powers; m most benign; x among men; o most pre-eminent; y among angels; p most eminent; z among maidens; q most powerful; w in the heavens; r most powerful; a among those above; s sweetest; b among the highest; t most beautiful; c among creatures; v sweetest; d among heavenly beings; y to be adored; e forever; z to be worshiped; f noble.

a fruit; b conceived; c only-begotten; d only-begotten; e first-born; f God-begotten; g heaven-begotten; h God-bearer; i little boy; k Lord; l born; m son; n boy; o offspring; p infant; q little infant; r inhabitant; s preparer; t sanctifier; v fructifier; x illuminator; y preserver; z consecrator; 2v glorifier. a of the womb; b of the belly; c of the navel; d of the belly; e of the dwelling; f of the workshop; g of the [unclear]; h of the tabernacle; i of the little body; k of the body; l of the body; m of your womb; n of your breast; o of the belly; p of the shrine; q of the little prison; r of the seed; s of the blood; t of the blood; u of the entrail; x of the [unclear]; y of the work; z of the milk; 2v of the breast.

a Jesus; b best; c greatest; d exalted; e glorious; f highest; g most pious; h omnipotent; i all-powerful; k sweetest; l most merciful; m most benign, amen; n unchangeable, amen; o magnificent; p merciful; q gentlest; r thundering on high; s to be worshiped; t pious; v benign; x most pious; y to be adored; z most merciful; 2v incomprehensible.

a Hail; b Hail; c May you be well; d May you rejoice; e Rejoice; f Rejoice; g May you be well; h Farewell; i Farewell; k Hail; l Be glad; m May you be glad; n Exult; o Be exalted; p [unclear]; q [unclear]; r Applaud; s Applause; t [unclear]; u May you live; v Live. a queen; b little virgin; c little virgin; d empress; e receptacle; f dwelling; g tabernacle; h treasury; i master of the feast; k repository; l inventory; m restorer; n restorer; o mistress; p fullness; q lady; r storehouse; s well; t ark; u urn; x garden; z little garden; y mother.

a of mercy; b life; c salvation; d virtue; e confidence; f of love; g strength; h of piety; i confidence; k vivification; l of virtue; m preservation; n of peace; o restorer; p of light; q sanctifier; r of joy; s justifier; t of glory; u sanctification; v of love; x exultation; y in beauty; z of chastity; y blessing of purity; 2v glorification of happiness, protectress.

a sweetness a hope b charm b praise c delight c piety d cheerfulness d laudation e pleasantness e patroness f beauty f advocate g care g gladdening h protectress h gladdener i tranquility i praise together k renewer k comforter l reformer l pitier m restorer and m lover n restoration and n rest o reformation o quiet p consoler p peace q consolation q light r protection r mother s jubilation s parent t festivity t devotion v gladness v relief x charity x reliever y helper y savior z assistant z mediator 2v promoter 2v intercessor a our b dear c of the faithful d hail e of the humble g may you rejoice with h of Christians i rejoice k of penitents l be glad m orthodox n exult o hail p of the poor q farewell r of the just s may you live t of the meek v farewell x of all y applaud z of all 2v of mortals 2v may you applaud To you To you e a we cry b we cry out c we declaim d we exclaim e we cry together f we call upon g we cry up h we proclaim i we cry back k we cry aloud l we entreat m we call forth n we flee for refuge o we flee p we run q we run back r we run together s we run to meet t we shout u we hasten y we hurry z we strive 2v exiles a wretched b frail c poor d poor little ones e mortal f wandering in exile g filthy little ones h most wretched i poorest j most unhappy k weakest l wandering m most unclean n infirm o most abject p sorrowful q weak r unhappy s useless t filthy v [unclear] x [unclear] y [unclear] z [unclear] 2u [unclear] a sons b offspring c boys d little sons e little boys f begotten g descendants h procreated k little branches l little men m men n followers o descendants p servants q branches t posterity s those left behind v infants x little infants y conceived z survivors 2v generated a of Eve b of Adam c of earth d of the ground e of Adam f of death g of grief h of error i of sadness k of vanity l of the first-formed m of perdition Add n of displeasure To you o of [unclear] p of concupiscence q of indignation r of transgression s of wrath t of strife u of pride Y of sin Z of injustice 2v of rejection e ij a we sigh b groaning c groaning together d sighing e sighing inwardly f sighing together g sighing deeply h weeping i lamenting together k wailing l weeping m asking and n beseeching o praying p seeking q adoring r earnestly seeking s troubled t dismayed v disturbed x humbled y desolate z abject 2v afflicted a weeping b of tears b thirsting c of lamentations c praying d of hardships d beseeching e of calamities e requesting f of bitterness f demanding g of sadnesses g lamenting h of infirmities h chanting laments i of miseries i imploring k of mortality k expecting l of poverty l awaiting m of corruption m grieving n of groans n hungering o of desolation o asking p of lamentation p asking insistently q of disturbance q demanding r of deception r mourning out s of impiety s mourning deeply t of vanity t wandering in exile u of grief u howling v of death x urgently asking z of depravity y earnestly asking of disturbance z wandering in exile of darknesses 2v struggling together e iij a valley b hollow valley c cavern d little cavern e dwelling f habitation g obscurity h thickness i depth k roughness l density m exile n captivity o capture p shadow q delay r pit s way t land u house x little delay y brevity z path 20 cave a Ah b Now c Now d Just now e Always f Continually g Constantly h Continually i Cheerfully k Unceasingly l Without end m Therefore we ask n Therefore we seek o We ask p We pray q On account of this r [unclear] s But t Yet u And x Ah y And z We pray 21 We beseech a advocate a our b lady b of the good c patroness c of the pious d parent d of the just e mother e of the faithful f nurse f of the saints g fosterer g of the humble h favorer h of the wretched i lover i of the frail k consoler k of the poor l pitier l of all m defender m of the weak those your n preserver n of the needy those your o illuminator o of mortals p intercessor p of the orthodox q refresher q of penitents r helper r of believers s confidence s of the deserving t empress t of those groaning v mistress v of those mourning x helper x of those lamenting y promoter y of those weeping z protectress z of Christians rv mediator rv of Christ-worshippers e iiij .

a merciful b eyes b dove-like c nods c sweetest d gazes d beautiful e looks e fair f acts of looking f modest g regards g bright h sights h ruddy i eyes i clear k entreaties k gentle l intercessions l chaste m embraces toward m pure n supplications toward n splendid o embraces o gentle p inspections p most chaste q thoughts q most bright r prayers r most beautiful s backward looks s most beautiful t steps t most kindly v manners v most merciful x movements x most simple y sights y most pious z utterances z most clement and v senses and v senses a us a turn b our b turn c the faithful c turn d the weak d turn e all e turn f everyone f turn g all g lead back h human beings h lead back i believers i lead back k the orthodox k incline l the feeble l incline m those who supplicate m incline, and n those who entreat n bend down, and o the pitiable o bend down p those who ask p bend down q the penitent q bend r worshippers of Christ r bend. s Christians s turn back t the compunct t turn back v the wretched v lift up x the humble x lift up y those who groan y spread out z the fragile z offer 20 mortals 20 bestow a Jesus b blessed c best d greatest e Lord f life-giver g sanctifier h justifier i mediator k founder l creator m author n maker o judge p God q ruler r shepherd s physician t one who takes pity v consoler x fashioner y governor z preserver 2v illuminator 2y most merciful a fruit b offspring c conception d begotten one e only-begotten f only-born g firstborn h ever-begotten i solely-begotten k [unclear]-begotten l heaven-begotten m God-begotten n ever-born o sanctifier p inhabitant q preparer r little infant s little boy t little son v son x boy y infant z newborn 20 one taken up a of the womb b of the body c of the body d of the navel e of the belly f of the dwelling g of the little body h of the workhouse i of the little prison k of the lineage l of the belly m of your shrine n of your breast o of the uterus p of the belly q of the blood r and of the [unclear] s of the little shade t of the tabernacle u of the blood x of the nourishment y of the childbirth z of the seed 2v of the birth a for us b wretched c poor wretches d praying e wishing f imploring g greatly desiring h demanding i asking k believing l seeking m desiring n infirm o devout p just q good r pious s holy t afflicted v desolate x contrite y humble z penitent 20 Christians a exile b space c contest d sigh e breathing-space f disturbance g prison h workhouse i exercise k walking-place l momentary thing m little shade n dwelling o little body p spectacle q moment r dream s age t little thing v time x instant y weariness z little space 20 deathly thing a show a clement b show b gentle c may you show c most gentle d display d most chaste e may you display e chaste f display f modest g demonstrate g most modest h may you demonstrate h most clement i demonstrate i most beautiful k let him show k most splendid l show l merciful m I show m beautiful 0 n give n fair 0 o give o noble p give p most noble r may you grant r bright s grant s most bright t contribute t most merciful v I provide v most celebrated x may you provide x most beautiful y provide y most powerful z bestow z most mighty rv may you concede rv most mighty f a pious b happy c pure d lovely e gracious f outstanding g excellent h glorious i sweetest k happiest l purest m very lofty n illustrious o honey-flowing p fruitful q deifying r innocent s most innocent t venerable v honorable x inviolate y unstained z most glorious 2v most kind a Hail b Be hailed c May you be hailed d Be exalted e May you rejoice f Rejoice g Rejoice h Be glad i Farewell k May you fare well l Farewell m Hail n Ah o Live p May you live q Live r Exult s Applaud t [unclear] v May you applaud x Rejoice long y May you rejoice long z Congratulate 2v Rejoice long a of Christ b of the Lord c of the author d of the creator e of the founder f of the savior g of the redeemer h of the fashioner i of the life-giver k of the emperor l of the mediator m grandmother of Jesus Christ n grandmother of salvation o of virtue p of piety q of purity r of truth s of deity t of divinity v of the Thunderer on high x of the Almighty y of the All-powerful z of the highest king 2v of the heavenly king f ij a mother b of the humble c of believers d of the afflicted e of the desolate f of exiles g of the shipwrecked h of those weeping i of those lamenting k of those groaning l of those mourning m Anna of those weeping n Anna of the gentle o of exiles p of the needy q of those deserving r of those grieving s of the poor t of the wretched v of the pitiable x of the infirm y of Christians z of worshippers of Christ 2v of mortals most holy; light; most ready; model; most gracious; protection; most merciful; refuge; most glorious; place of escape; most pious; haven; sweetest; ornament; best; mirror; eminent; consolation; distinguished; asylum; greatest; rule; most humble; form; most faithful; lamp; most renowned; crown; most radiant; rule; instruction; doctrine; edification; empress; guide.

of brides; of women; of females; of ladies; of matrons; of wives; of married women; of those giving birth; of women in labor; of those bearing children; of parents; of all mothers; of the pious; of the just; of widows; of the noble; of nursing women; of women in childbirth; of those conceiving; of the continent; of those marrying; of mortals; and of mistresses. Pray; entreat; supplicate; intercede; intervene; may you intervene; may you intercede; may you plead; plead; ask; ask; ask on behalf of; pray on behalf of; pray; beseech; demand; may you demand; implore; appeal; may you appeal; having appealed; may you entreat; entreat; and earnestly request.

for us; the wretched; for crowds; the poor; for peoples; the faithful; for common people; the humble; for peoples; the orthodox; for nations; Christians; for priests; believers; for princes; worshippers of Christ; for emperors; ecclesiastics; for cloistered persons; Catholics; for monastic persons; Europeans [unclear]; for ministerial persons; Germans [unclear]; for [men?]; Alemans; for [unclear]; Teutons; for rulers; lovers of truth; lovers of the Lord; for pastors; lovers of faith; for abbots; the penitent; for prelates; all; for subjects; everyone; for kings; the contrite; for monks; the compunct.

God; king; judge; lord; ruler; creator; maker; fashioner; governor; preserver; sanctifier; enlightener; glorifier; illuminator; life-giver; moderator; redeemer; monarch; savior; liberator; beatifier; maker; and author. Of heaven; of the world; of the world; of the faithful; of the heavens; of spirits; of souls; of angels; of angels; of archangels; of the universe; of all things, who you; of worshippers of Christ, who you; of Christians; of principalities; of the supercelestial; of men; of the heavenly; of all; of all persons; of the humble; of believers; of the orthodox; and of mortals.

willed; great; greatest; sublime; glorious; distinguished; exalted; excellent; preeminent; surpassing; eminent; most renowned; most radiant in; honorable; honorable; most powerful; most glorious; most excellent; most surpassing; most preeminent; most eminent; most noble; most worthy; most adorned.

in the kingdom; palace; joy; empire; dominion; dwelling; tabernacle; habitation; receptacle; abode; exultation; sanctuary; inheritance; mansion; principality; consistory; solemnity; pleasantness; rejoicing; house; gladness; hall; buildings; and midst. Of the heavens; of the blessed; of the elect; of the just; of the heavenly; of the saints; of the angels; of divinity; of the things above; of blessedness; of delightfulness; of perpetuity. Amen. Of eternity. Let it be. Of felicity; of deity; of piety; of quiet; of peace; of light; of the heavenly [realm]; of the pious; of the good; of fruition; and of tranquility.

With the aid of our Lord Jesus Christ, the savior of faithful souls, who lives in the sacred triune unity with the Father and the Holy Spirit, three in persons and one God in substance, incomprehensible, almighty, and everlasting, from whom, in whom, and through whom proceeds every good, beautiful, and true thing, we have brought this second book of the Polygraphia to an end. To him be praise, honor, power, and glory: he who, through the innocence of his death, freed our race from the destruction of eternal perdition, and in perpetual mercy reopened the entrance to eternal life to all who believe in him with a pure conscience. Line by line we have set down three hundred and eight paraphrases, avoiding a more lengthy wandering [unclear]. For it seemed enough to us at the beginning of this lucubration if we had given those who wished it a reason to inquire further, since both time and method failed us for those matters. Farewell, friendly reader. From Peapolis, on the penultimate day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord one thousand five hundred and eight.

The Second Book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot, Ends with its Conclusion.

The Third Book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Peapolis, of the Order of Saint Benedict, Begins.

Why did [unclear] from the beginning of human creation confuse the unity of language? Was it not the division of bodies and the variety of minds? For as Truth testifies in the Gospel: from the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. For the tongue is the instrument for bringing forth outwardly those conceptions which the mind has thought within itself in its inner parts. Yet there are several modes of this ministry of the mind’s secrets to sense, whose properties and use are varied by practice and by art. Practice, introduced at will, is common to many; but art to few. Finally, no one will readily estimate how varied even the very practice of speaking, unregulated, has become among the Germans alone in six hundred years, unless he has more than once reread Otfrid, the monk of Weissenburg, in the poems of the German language. The sea flows and ebbs; men, once dying, do not return again to present life. Customs succeed customs, and the vigor of mortal minds always falls away toward softer things. Who today, among the Germans, the ancient emulators of the Greeks, retains knowledge of the old idioms? In the chronicles and old histories of the Franks, Hunibald, Doracus, and the other writers who preceded us by a thousand years mixed into their compositions many things said both in old verse and in prose of the German language, which today are understood by few. Why do I speak of ancient times, when our own idiom among the East Franks, Swabians, Bavarians, Rhenish people, Mosellans, people of Cologne, Saxons, and Thuringians undergoes notable variation every day? They are changed in time-

[People?] change, customs also vary, minds change, and garments vary; the simplicity of languages is altered, the ancient proper character of idioms is varied; nothing stable is found in human affairs. For there is change in all things; variety succeeds to simplicity of minds. Who will be able to bring this perpetual flux, so to speak, back to the concord of unity? For many times pass away, as Scripture says, and knowledge will be manifold. But the fact that we add a third book to the two preceding books of the Polygraphy has not lacked a special reason. For, since human wills are various, many methods are rightly given for honorable operations. In the former, night illuminates day; in the latter, however, day lacks light. There light leads shadow around in light; here, however, the blind man illuminates the blind, being and remaining sight without eyes, and serves to darkness what he does not possess. Here night clouds day with perpetual darkness, and, walking in darkness without light, furnishes guidance to the blind. These paraphrasmata serve all men throughout the world; in every language they transmit any secret safely, securely, and without danger to the cabalistic binary. Latin makes barbarians laugh; barbarism itself generates suspicion among Latins. Yet it matters nothing, or little, since however great the suspicion may have been, it will nonetheless contain every mystery in the utmost secrecy. Let the diligent operator recall to mind the rules and precepts that we have handed down, lest he labor uselessly and in vain for himself and for others. For understanding is needed; without it the usefulness of no art will stand. In a few words we have shown the path to the greatest things; with finite things we have given a method for infinite things. From what is given and received, greater things are easily prepared for friends. Reader, remember that the retrograde mark can be fastened in every place, until you attain the desired rest. Farewell. From Peapol, on the first day of March, in the year of the Lord 1508.

G

[Cipher table and cipher vocabulary follow, not translated.]

i 2 3 a boda; a oma; a droma: 73 b bode; b ome; b drome: 74 c bodi; c omi; c dromi: 75 d bodo; d omo; d dromo: 76 e bodu; e omu; e dromu: 77 f bodal; f omas; f dromas: 78 g bodel; g omes; g dromes: 79 h bodil; h omis; h dromis: 80 i bodol; i omos; i dromos: 81 k bodul; k omus; k dromus: 82 l bodar; l oman; l droman: 83 m boder; m omen; m dromen: 84 n bodir; n omin; n dromin: 85 o bodor; o omon; o dromon: 86 p bodur; p omun; p dromun: 87 q bodan; q omar; q dromat: 88 r boden; r omer; r domet: 89 s bodin; s omir; s dromit: 90 t bodon; t omor; t dromot: 91 v bodun; v omur; v dromut: 92 x bodes; x omal; x dromal: 93 y zomil; y dromel: 94 z bodis; z omol; z dromil: 95 rv bodos; rv omol; rv dromol: 96 a dra; b vare; c vari; d varo; e varu; f varan; g varen; h varin; i varon; k varun; l varal; m varel; n varil; o varol; p varul; q varas; r vares; s varis; t varos; u varus; x varax; y varex; z varix; 20 varox mastra: 97; mastre: 98; mastri: 99; mastro: 100; mastru: 101; mastran: 102; mastren: 103; mastrin: 104; mastron: 105; mastrun: 106; mastral: 107; mastrel: 108; mastril: 109; mastrol: 110; mastrul: 111; mastras: 112; mastres: 113; mastris: 114; mastros: 115; mastrus: 116; mastraff: 117; mastref: 118; mastrif: 119; mastrof: 120 a pba; a lara; a meda: 121 b pbe; b lare; b mede: 122 c phi; c lari; c medi: 123 d pho; d laro; d medo: 124 e phu; e laru; e medu: 125 f phan; f laran; f medar: 126 g phen; g laren; g meder: 127 h phin; h larin; h medir: 128 i phon; i laron; i medor: 129 k pbun; k larun; k medur: 130 l phal; l laras; l medan: 131 m phel; m lares; m meden: 132 n phil; n laris; n medin: 133 o phol; o laros; o medon: 134 p phul; p larus; p medun: 135 q phas; q larat; q medas: 136 r phes; r laret; r medes: 137 s phis; s larit; s medis: 138 t phos; t larot; t medos: 139 v phus; v larut; v medus: 140 x phar; x laral; x medal: 141 y pher; y larel; y medel: 142 z phir; z laril; z medil: 143 zv phor; zv larol; zv medol: 144 a rassa; a madeba; a thara: 145 b rasse; b madebe; b thare: 146 c rassi; c madebi; c thari: 147 d rasso; d madebo; d tharo: 148 e rassu; e madebu; e tharu: 149 f rassan; f madebar; f tharal: 150 g rassen; g madeber; g tharel: 151 h rassin; h madebir; h tharl: 153 i rasson; i madebor; i tharul: 154 k rassun; k madebur; k tharul: 155 l rassal; l madebal; l tharan: 156 m rassel; m madebel; m tharin: 157 n rassil; n madebil; n tharon: 158 o rassol; o madebol; o tharus: 159 p rassul; p madebul; p tharis: 160 q rassat; q madebas; q tharus: 161 r rasset; r madebes; r tharet: 162 s rassit; s madebis; s tharos: 163 t rassot; t madebos; t tharus: 164 v rassut; v madebus; v tharus: 165 x rassar; x madeban; x tharos: 166 y rasser; y madeben; y tharos: 167 z rassir; z madebin; z tharos: 168 rv rassor; rv madebo; rv tharos a mesa; b mese; c mesi; d meso; e mesu; f mesal; g mesel; h mesil; i mesol; k mesul; l mesar; m meser; n mesir; o mesor; p mesur; q mesan; r mesen; s mesin; t meson; v mesun; x mesas; y meses; z mesis; 2v mesos a baia; b baie; c baij; d baio; e bau; f baias; g baies; h baijs; i baios; k baius; l baial; m baiel; n bail; o baiol; p baiul; q baian; r baien; s baijn; t baion; v baiun; x baiat; y baiet; z baijt; 2v baiot a phosa; b phose; c phosi; d phoso; e phosu; f phosan; g phosen; h phosin; i phoson; k phosun; l phosar; m phoser; n phosir; o phosor; p phosur; q phosal; r phosel; s phosil; t phosol; v phosul; x phosat; y phoset; z phosit; 2v phosot 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 a gala; b gale; c gali; d galo; e galu; f galan; g galen; h galin; i galon; k galun; l galar; m galer; n galir; o galor; p galur; q galas; r gales; s galis; t galos; v galus; x galex; y galix; z gvgalox a prosa; b prose; c prosi; d proso; e prosu; f prosal; g prosel; h prosil; i prosol; k prosul; l prosan; m prosen; n prosin; o proson; p prosim; q prosar; r proser; s prosir; t prosor; u prosur; v prosur; w prosat; x prosat; y proset; z prosit A fanax; B fanex; C fanix; D fanox; E fana; F fane; G fani; H fano; I fanu; J fanat; K fanit; L fanot; M fanut; N fanas; O fanos; P fanus; Q fanar; R faner; S fanir; T fanor; V fanur; X fanux; Y fanex; Z fanix 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 | 2 | 3 | | ---: | ---: | | a lemora a aras a cabar 217 | | b lemore b ares b caber 218 | | c lemori c aris c cabir 219 | | d lemoro d aros d cabo 220 | | e lemoru e arus e cabur 221 | | f lemoras f arosa f cabad 222 | | g lemores g arose g cabed 223 | | h lemoris h arosi h cabid 224 | | i lemoros i aroso i cabod 225 | | k lemorus k arosu k cabud 226 | | l lemox l arosal l cabal 227 | | m lemox n arosel m cabel 228 | | o lemox o arosol o cabol 229 | | p lemox q arosul p cabul 230 | | r lemox s arosar q cabas 231 | | s lemox t arosor r cabes 232 | | t lemox u arosur v cabus 233 | | x lemox y arosat x caba 234 | | z lemox z arosit z cabe 235 | | zo lemox w arosot zo cabo 236 | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | ---: | ---: | ---: | | a nesa | a hama | a helia | 241 | | b nese | b hame | b helie | 242 | | c nesi | c hami | c helij | 243 | | d neso | d hamo | d helio | 244 | | e nesu | e hamu | e heliu | 245 | | f nesar | f hamal | f heliat | 246 | | g neser | g hamel | g heliet | 247 | | h nesir | h hamil | h helijt | 248 | | i nesor | i hamol | i heliot | 249 | | k nesur | k hamul | k heliut | 250 | | l nesal | l hamas | l helias | 251 | | m nesel | m hames | m helies | 252 | | n nesil | n hamis | n helijs | 253 | | o nesol | o hamos | o helios | 254 | | p nesul | p hamus | p helius | 255 | | q nesan | q hamar | q helial | 256 | | r nesen | r hamer | r heliel | 257 | | s nesin | s hamir | s helijl | 258 | | t neson | t hamor | t heliol | 259 | | v nesun | v hamur | v heliul | 260 | | x nesay | x hamat | x helian | 261 | | z nesoy | z hamit | z helijn | 262 | | rv nesuy | rv hamot | rv helion | 263 | a rhama b rhame c rhami d rhamo e rhamu f rhaman g rhamen h rhamin i rhamon k rhamun l rhamal m rhamel n rhamil o rhamol p rhamul q rhamas r rhames s rhamis t rhamos v rhamus x rhamat y rhamet z rhamit 2v rhamot a fesia b fesie c fesij d fesio e fesiu f fesial g fesiel h fesijl i fesiol k fesiul l fesian m fesien n fesijn o fesion p fesium q fesiar r fesier s fesir t fesior u fesiur x fesias y fesies z fesijs 2v fesios a dora b dore c dori d doro e dorn f doral g dorel h doril i dorol k dorul l doras m dores n doris o doros p dorus q doran r doren s dorin t doron v dorun x dorax y dorex z dorix 2v dorox H 1 2 3 a huba a rodan a medra 289 b hube b roden b medre 290 c hubi c rodin c medri 291 d hubo d rodon d medro 292 e hubu e rodun e medru 293. f hubal f roda f medrax 294 g hubel g rode g medrex 295. h hubil h rodi h medrix 296. i hubol i rodo i medrox 297. k hubul k rodu k medrux 298. l hubas l rodas l medral 299. m hubes m rodes m medrel 300. n hubis n rodis n medril 301. o hubos o rodos o medrol 302. p hubus p rodus p medrul 303. q hubar q rodax q medras 304. r huber r rodex r medres 305. s hubir s rodix s medris 306. t hubor t rodox t medros 307. v hubur v rodux v medrus 308. x huban x rodal x medran 309. y huben y rodel y medren 310. z hubin z rodil z medrin 311. rv hubon rv rodol rv medron 312.

505: a meroham; a cama; a sebara. 506: b merohem; b came; b sebare. 507: c merohim; c cami; c sebari. 508: d merohom; d camo; d sebaro. 509: e merohum; e camu; e sebaru. 510: f meroha; f camel; f sebaras. 511: g merohe; g camel; g sebares. 512: h merohi; h camil; h sebaris. 513: i meroho; i camol; i sebaros. 514: k merohu; k camul; k sebarus. 515: l merohal; l camas; l sebaran. 516: m merohel; m comes; m sebaren. 517: n merohil; n camis; n sebarin. 518: o merohol; o camos; o sebaron. 519: p merohul; p camus; p sebarun. 520: q merohas; q camar; q sebarat. 521: r merohes; r camer; r sebarel. 522: s merohis; s camir; s sebaril. 523: t merohos; t camor; t sebrol. 524: v merohus; v camur; v sebarul. 525: x merohat; x caman; x sebarat. 526: y merohet; y camen; y sebaret. 527: z merohit; z camin; z sebarit. 528: ꝛv merohot; ꝛv camon; ꝛv sebarot.

529: a phal; a nomysa; a zabar. 530: b phel; b nomyse; b zaber. 531: c phil; c nomysi; c zabir. 532: d phol; d nomyso; d zabor. 533: e phul; e nomysu; e zabur. 534: f phat; f nomysar; f zabal. 535: g phet; g nomyser; g zabel. 536: h phit; h nomysir; h zabil. 537: i phot; i nomysor; i zabol. 538: k phut; k nomysur; k zabul. 539: l phas; l nomysal; l zabas. 540: m phes; m nomysel; m zabes. 541: n phis; n nomysil; n zabis. 542: o phos; o nomysol; o zabos. 543: p phus; p nomysul; p zabus. 544: q phar; q nomysas; q zaban. 545: r pher; r nomyses; r zaben. 546: s phir; s nomysis; s zabin. 547: t phor; t nomysos; t zabon. 548: v phur; v nomysus; v zabun. 549: x phay; x nomysan; x zabat. 550: y phey; y nomysen; y zabet. 551: z phoy; z nomysin; z zabit. 552: zv phuy; zv nomyson; zv zabot.

553: a nemas; [a hosan?]; a flagara. 554: b nemes; b hosen; b flagare. 555: c nemis; c hosin; d flagari. 556: d nemos; e hoson; f flagaro. 557: e nemus; g hosun; h flagaru. 558: f nemat; i hosar; k flagaran. 559: g nemet; l hosir; m flagaren. 560: h nemit; o hosor; p flagarin. 561: i nemot; q hosur; r flagaron. 562: j nemut; s hosal; t flagarun. 563: k nemel; u hosel; v flagaras. 564: l nemil; x hosul; y flagares. 565: m nemol; z hosay; a flagarus. 566: n nemir; b hosey; c flagaral. 567: o nemar; c hosoy; d flagarel. 568: p nemur; e hosuy; f flagaril. 569: q nema; g hosas; h flagarol. 570: r neme; i hoses; j flagarul. 571: s nemi; k hosis; l flagarat. 572: t nemo; m hosos; n flagaret. 573: u nema; o hosan; p flagarit. 574: q neme; q hosen; r flagarot. 575: r nemi; r hosin; s [unclear]. 576: s nemo; s hoson; t [unclear].

a bedar a nysan a ramas 577 b beder b nysen b rames 578 c bedir c nysin c ramis 579 d bedor d nyson d ramos 580 e bedur e nysun e ramus 581 f bedan f nysar f ramal 582 g beden g nyser g ramel 583 h bedin h nysir h ramil 584 i bedon i nysor i ramol 585 k bedun k nysur k ramul 586 l bedal l nysas l raman 587 m bedel m nyses m ramen 588 n bedil n nysis n ramin 589 o bedol o nysos o ramon 590 p bedul p nysus p ramun 591 q bedas q nysal q ramat 592 r bedes r nysel r ramet 593 s bedis s nysil s ramit 594 t bedos t nysol t ramot 595 v bedus v nysul v ramut 596 x bedaf x nysat x ramay 597 y bedef y nyset z nysit z ramoy 598 z bedif z ny sot zv ramuy 599 1 2 3 a astrofal a guara a lodan 601 b astrofel b guare b loden 602 c astrofil c guari c lodin 603 d astrofol d guaro d lodon 604 e astroful e guaru e lodun 605 f astrofan f guaras f lodana 606 g astrofen g guares g lodane 607 h astrofin h guaris h lodani 608 i astrofon i guaros i lodano 609 k astrofun k guarus k lodanu 610 l astrofas l guaral l lodar 611 m astrofes m guarel m loder 612 n astrofis n guaril n lodir 613 o astrofos o guarol o lodor 614 p astrofus p guarul p lodur 615 q astrofax q guaran q lodes 616 r astrofix r guaren r lodes 617 s astrofix s guarin s lodis 618 t astrofox t guaron t lodos 619 v astrofux v guarun v lodus 620 x astrofar x guarat x lodax 621 y astrofer y guaret y lodex 622 z astrofir z guarit z lodix 623 zv astrofur zv guarot zv lodox 624 1 2 3 a hamar a charsal a planas 629 b hamer b charsel b planes 626 c hamir c charsil c planis 627 d hamor d charsol d planos 628 e hamur e charsul e planus 629 f hamal f charsa f planat 630 g hamel g charse g planet 631 h hamil h charsi h planit 632 i hamol i charso i planot 633 k hamul k charsu k planut 634 l haman l charsan l planar 635 m hamen m charsen m planer 636 n hamin n charsin n planir 637 o hamon o charson o planor 638 p hamun p charsum p planur 639 q hamas q charsat q planan 640 r hames r charset r planen 641 s hamis s charsit s planin 642 t hamos t charsot t planon 643 v hamus v charsut v planun 644 x hamay x charsay x planay 645 y hamey y charsey y planey 646 z hamoy z charsoy z planoy 647 z hamuy zh charsuy zh planuy 648 1 2 3 a merafa b harmal c pharam 649 b merafe c harmel d pharem 650 c merafi d harmil e pharim 651 d merafo e harmol f pharom 652 e merafu g harmul h pharum 653 f merafas i harman j pharel 654 g merafes k harmin l pharil 655 h merafis m harmon n pharol 656 i merafos o harmun p pharul 657 k merafus q harmat r pharas 658 l merafal s harmet t phares 659 m merafel u harmit v pharis 660 n merafil x harmot y pharos 661 o merafol z harmut a pharus 662 p meraful b harmas c pharax 663 q merafat d harmes e pharex 664 r merafet f harmis g pharix 665 s merafit h harmos i pharo[unclear]t 666 t merafot u harmay v pharux 667 v merafut x harmey y pharer 668 y merafar z harmoy z pharir 669 z merafir yv harmoy zy pharor 670 zy merafor zy harmoy 2v pharor 673 a merapas a holam b derman 673 b merapes b holem b dermen 674 c merapis c holim c dermin 675 d merapos d holom d dermon 676 e merapus e holum e dermun 677 f merapan f holas f dermas 678 g merapen g holes g dermes 679 h merapin h holis h dermis 680 i merapon i holos i dermos 681 k merapun k holus k dermus 682 l merapat l hola l dermal 683 m merapet m hole m dermel 684 n merapit n holi n dermil 685 o merapot o holo o dermol 686 p meraput p holu p dermul 687 q merapal q holat q derma 688 r merapel r holet r derme 689 s merupil s holit s dermi 690 t merapol t holot t dermo 691 v merapul v holut v dermu 692 x merapax x holay x dermat 693 y merapex y holey y dermet 694 z merapix z holoy z dermit 695 ꝝ merapox ꝟ holuy ꝟ dermot 696 a solama a afar a mesan 697 b solame b afer b mesen 698 c solami c afir c mesin 699 d solamo d afor d meson 700 e solamu e afur e mesun 701 f solamar f afara f mesal 702 g solamer g afare g mesel 703 h solamir h afari h mesil 704 i solamor i afaro i mesol 705 k solamur k afaru k mesul 706 l solamas l afarat l mesar 707 m solames m afarel m meser 708 n solamus n afaril n mesir 709 o solamos o afarol o mesor 710 p solamus p afarul p mesur 711 q solaman q afaras q mesas 712 r solamen r afares r meses 713 s solamin s afaris s mesis 714 t solamon t afaros t mesos 715 v solamun v afarus v mesus 716 x solamat x afarat x mesay 717 y solamet y afaret y mesey 718 z solamit z afarit z mesoy 719 ꝛv solamot ꝛv afarot ꝛv mesuy 720 i iiij 1 | 2 | 3 a omena | b perodes | c baran | 721 b omene | c perodes | d baren | 722 c omeni | e perodis | f barin | 723 d omeno | g perodos | h baron | 724 e omenu | i perodus | j barun | 725 f omenas | k peroda | l baras | 726 g omenes | m perode | n bares | 727 h omenis | o perodi | p baris | 728 i omenus | q perodu | r barus | 729 k omenar | s perodan | t baral | 730 l omenar | u peroden | v barel | 731 m omenir | x perodin | y baril | 732 n omenor | z perodon | a barol | 733 o omenur | b perodul | c baru | 734 p omenat | d perodel | e bare | 735 q omenet | f perodix | g barax | 736 r omenit | h perodox | i barex | 737 s omenot | j perodol | k baru | 738 t omenut | l perodax | m baro | 739 u omenel | n perodun | o barox | 740 x omenil | y perodix | z barix | 741 z omenol | 742 743 744 a charas a mosal a nedria 745 b chares b mosel b nedrie 746 c charis c mosit c nedrij 747 d charos d mosol d nedrio 748 e charus e mosul e nedriu 749 f charal f mosa f nedrias 750 g charel g mose g nedries 751 h charil h mosi h nedrijs 752 i charol i moso i nedrios 753 k charul k mosu k nedrius 754 l charat l mosar l nedrian 755 m charet m moser m nedrien 756 n charit n mosir n nedrijn 757 o charot o mosor o nedrion 758 p charut p mosur p nedrium 759 q chara q mosan q nedrial 760 r chare r mosen r nedriel 761 s chari s mosin s nedrijl 762 t charo t moson t nedriol 763 v charu v mosun v nedriul 764 x charan x mosas x nedrax 765 y charen y moses y nedrex 766 z charin z mosis z nedrix 767 ꝟ charon z mosos ꝟ nedrox 768 1 a meda | a cadas | a lorasan | 769 b mede | b cades | b lorasen | 770 c medi | c cadis | c lorasin | 771 d medo | d cados | d lorason | 772 e medu | e cadus | e lorasun | 773 f medas | f cada | f lorasas | 774 g medes | g cade | g lorases | 775 h medis | h cadi | h lorasis | 776 i medos | i cado | i lorasos | 777 k medus | k cadu | k lorasus | 778 l medar | l cadan | l lorasat | 779 m meder | m caden | m loraset | 780 n medir | n cadin | n lorasit | 781 o medor | o cadon | o lorasot | 782 p medur | p cadun | p lorasut | 783 q medal | q cadar | q lorasa | 784 r medel | r cader | r lorase | 785 s medil | s cadir | s lorasi | 786 t medol | t cador | t loraso | 787 v medul | v cadur | v lorasu | 788 x medan | x cadal | x lorasal | 789 y meden | z cadil | z lorasil | 790 zv medon | zv cadol | zv lorasol | 791 a halmoda a elamas a dra 793 b halmode b elames b dre 794 c halmodi c elamis c dri 795 d halmodo d elamos d dro 796 e halmodu e elamus e dru 797 f halmodal f elama f dran 798 g halmodel g elame g dren 799 h halmodil h elami h drin 800 i halmodol i elamo i dron 801 k halmodul k elamu k drum 802 l halmodan l elamar l dras 803 m halmoden m elamer m dres 804 n halmodin n elamin n dris 805 o halmodon o elamor o dros 806 p halmodus p elamur p drus 807 q halmodor q elamat q dray 808 r halmoder r elamet r drey 809 s halmadir s elamit s dry 810 t halmodor t elamot t droy 811 v halmodur v elamut v druy 812 x halmudas x elaman x drat 813 y halmodes y elamen y dret 814 z halmidis z elamin z drit 815 rv halmodos rv elamon rv drof 816 a cabala a poderas a husal 817. b cabale b poderes b husel 818 c cabali c poderis c husil 819 d cabalo d poderos d hufol 820 e cabalu e poderus e huful 821 f cabalas f podera f husan 822 g cabales g podere g husen 823 h cabalis h poderi h husin 824 i cabalos i podero i huson 825 k cabalus k poderu k husun 826 l cabalan l poderal l husa 827 m cabalen m poderel m husen 828 n cabalin n poderil n husin 829 o cabalon o poderol o huso 830 p cabalun p poderul p husun 831 q cabalar q poderan q husar 832 r cabaler r poderen r huser 833 s cabalir s poderin s husir 834 t cabalor t poderon t husor 835 v cabalur v poderun v husur 836 x cabalai x poderat x husai 837 y cabalei y poderet y husei 838 z cabalii z poderit z husoi 839 [unclear] cabaloi [unclear] poderot [unclear] husui 840

a mera b mere c meri d mero e meru f meras g meres h meris i meros k merus l meral m merel n meril o merol p merul q meran r meren s merin t meron v merun x merai y merei z merii [unclear] meroi

a doras b dores c doris d doros e dorus f dora g dore h dori i doro k doru l doran m doren n dorin o doron p dorun q doral r dorel s doril t dorol v dorul x dorax y dorex z dorix [unclear] dorox

adrama adrame adrami adromo adramu adrasa adrames adramis ad Ramos adramus adramal adramel adramil adramol adramul adraman adramen adramin adramon adramun adramat adramet adramit adramot 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 k a dobar b dober c dobir d dobor e dubur f dobal g dobel h dobil i dobol k dobul l doban m doben n dobin o dobon p dobun q dobas r dobes s dobis t dobos v dobus x dobelai y dobelei z dobelii [unclear] dobeloi a eloham b elohem c elohim d elohom e elohum f elobas g elohes h elohis i elohos k elohus l elohat m elohet n elohit o elohot p elohut q elochar r eloher s elohir t elohor u elohar v elohur w eloha x elohaf y elohef z elohif [unclear] elohoi a holam b holem c holim d holom e holum f hola g hole h holi i holo j holu k holas l holes m holis n holos o holan p holen q holin r holon s holun t holai u holei v holii x holoi Y Z V X T S R Q P O N M L K J I G F E D C B A 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 a atropas a megalas a lusanas 889 b atropes b megales b lusanes 890 c atropis c megalis c lusanis 891 d atropos d megalos d lusanos 892 e atropus e megalus e lusanus 893 f atropa f megala f lusana 894 g atrope g megale g lusane 895 h atropi h megali h lusani 896 i atropo i megalo i lusano 897 k atropu k megalu k lusanu 898 l atropai l megalan l lusanar 899 m atropei m megalen m lusaner 900 n atropii n megalin n lusanir 901 o atropoi o megalon o lusanor 902 p atropui p megalun p lusanur 903 q atropan q megalat q lusanal 904 r atropen r megalet r lusanel 905 s atropin s megalit s lusanil 906 t atropon t megalot t lusanol 907 v atropun v megalut v lusanul 908 x atropax x megalar x lusanat 909 y atropex y megaler y lusanet 910 z atropix z megalir z lusanit 911 [unclear] atropox [unclear] megalor [unclear] lusanot 912 k ii

a helmat a thosara a bemas 913 b helmet b thosare b bemes 914 c helmit c thosari c bemis 915 d helmot d thosaro d bemos 916 e helmut e thosaru e bemus 917 f helman f thosaras f bema 918 g helmen g thosares g beme 919 h helmin h thosaris h bemi 920 i helmon i thosaros i bemo 921 k helmun k thosarus k bemu 922 l helmas l thosaran l bemal 923 m helmes m thosaren m bemel 924 n helmis n thosarin n bemil 925 o helmos o thosaron p bemol 926 p helmus p thosarun p bemul 927 q helmar q thosarat q bemat 928 r helmer r thosaret r bemet 929 s helmir s thosarit s bemit 930 t helmor t thosarot t bemot 931 v helmur v thosarut v bemut 932 x helmax x thosaral x bemar 933 y helmex y thosarel y bemer 934 z helmix z thosaril z bemir 935 [unclear] helmox [unclear] thosarol [unclear] hemor 936

a dromat | b horam | c alapas | 937 b dromet | c horem | d alapes | 938 c dromit | d horim | e alapis | 939 d dromot | e horom | f alapos | 940 e dromut | f horum | g alapus | 941 f dromas | g horas | h alapat | 942 g dromes | h hores | i alapit | 943 h dromis | i horis | k alapot | 944 i dromos | j horos | l alaput | 945 k dromus | m horus | n alapan | 946 l droman | o horal | p alapen | 947 m dromen | n horil | q alapin | 948 n dromin | o horol | r alapon | 949 o dromon | p horul | s alapun | 950 p dromun | q horar | t alapay | 951 q dromal | r horer | u alapey | 952 r dromel | s horir | v alapiy | 953 s dromil | t horor | x alapoy | 954 t dromol | u horur | y alapuy | 955 u dromul | z horat | z alapar | 956 v dromay | y horet | z alaper | 957 w dromoy | z horit | a alapor | 958 x dromuy | y horot | k iij | 959 3 damas | genedal | amena | 961 b | genedel | amene | 962 c | genedil | c | 963 d | genedol | d | 964 e | genedul | e | 965 f | geneda | f | 966 g | genede | g | 967 h | genedi | h | 968 i | genedo | i | 969 k | genedu | k | 970 l | genedar | l | 971 m | geneder | m | 972 n | genedir | n | 973 o | genedor | o | 974 p | genedur | p | 975 q | genedas | q | 976 r | genedes | r | 977 s | genedis | s | 978 t | genedos | t | 979 v | genedus | v | 980 x | genedat | x | 981 y | genedet | y | 982 z | genedit | z | 983 ꝛv | genedot | ꝛv | 984 a baschay | a nas | a caman | 984 b baschey | b nes | b camen | 986 c baschiy | c nis | c camin | 987 d baschoy | d nos | d camon | 988 e baschuy | e nus | e camun | 989 f baschar | f nax | f camas | 990 g bascher | g nex | g comes | 991 h baschir | h nix | h camis | 992 i baschor | i nox | i camos | 993 k baschur | k nux | k camus | 994 l baschal | l nal | l camal | 995 m baschel | m nel | m camel | 996 n baschil | n nil | n camil | 997 o baschol | o nol | o camol | 998 p baschul | p nul | p camul | 999 q baschata | q nan | q camar | 1000 r baschat | r nen | r camer | 1001 s baschati | s nin | s camir | 1002 t baschato | t non | t camor | 1003 v baschatu | v nun | v camur | 1004 x baschas | x nay | x camat | 1005 y basches | y ney | y camet | 1006 z baschis | z noy | z camit | 1007 ꝝ baschos | ꝝv nuy | ꝝv camot | 1008 K iiij a pasa b pase c pasi d pasa e pasu f pasan g pasin h pasun k pasum l pasal m pasel n pasil o pasol p paras q pars r passer s passir t pasor v pasur x pasai y pasci z pasij 2 a gomar b gomer c gomir d gomo[r] e gomur f gomasa g gomase h gomasi i gomaso k gomasu l gomal m gomel n gomil o gomol p gomul q gomat r gomet s gomit t gomot u gomut x gomai y gomei z gomij 3 a vadan b vade c vadi d vado e vadu f vadar g vader h vadur i vadas j vades k vadus l vadus m vades n vadus o vadus p vadus q vadus r vadus s vadus t vadus u vadus x vadus y vadus z vadus 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 What we promised at the beginning of the third book of our work, the Polygraphia, for obtaining before the inexperienced a shadowy likeness of the new gloss, we have sufficiently fulfilled by way of example, with an abridgment of labor. We entrusted night, safely serving secrets, to be led then by shadows as a periphrasis; we have inserted numbers in the order of four lines [unclear], adapted for the use of those who wish. There are three thousand one hundred fifty places of minutiae, having fixed degrees; and, if you wish, however many moments of the hours remain are infinite, for making secret, in every nation and language of the world, whatever secret matter may occur. The circle, arising linearly from a point, as often as night exceeds the image of light, as much as you wish: if there is need, you will be able to bring it back to the path by which you came. If much of night remains, bring back the tail of the dragon to the original tail-piece in the head. But let the binary be wholly assured to us concerning the known signs of unity. He who hungers much should labor much, so that he may have something to eat. Nor is it a matter of great labor to lead whither you wish that which advances of its own accord. Here, therefore, we set an end to the third book of our Polygraphia, in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Gentle reader, farewell. From Peapolium, on the seventh day of the month of March, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ our Savior 1508, in the eleventh indiction.

Here is the end of the third book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Peapolium, of the Order of Saint Benedict.

The fourth book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of the monastery of Saint James the Greater, apostle, at Wurzburg, formerly of Sponheim, of the Order of Saint Benedict, begins.

[unclear]

The order of reasoning required that the fourth book of our Polygraphia be made different from the preceding ones in quality, invention, and ease, so that those wishing to share in the secrets of our matters may attain this not by one means but by various and different ones. We have extended the magpie, comprehensible by a very easy invention, so that night, always joined through the minutia to the monad in any order, may be recognized in the light of day. Here no difference is found between unity and the binary; nor will one wishing to perform the art need to have the instrument at hand, when, as the first things follow upon the last without a middle, the hidden mystery reveals itself. Hence the prudent, understanding man, experienced in the science, will at every time and place sufficiently perform the operation. The binary receives from unity, whence it produces the ternary. The first knowledge of the face of this cryptology is easy, after the moon has been illuminated by the sun, even at a single point. Yet it can also happen that an industrious gnostic may come forth without the guidance of a master. This, however, I think should be understood only in this book, but in none of the preceding ones. Concerning the following books, judgment will be given in its proper place. Among all the cabalistic methods of secrets which we have given up to the present, the procedure of this fourth book can more easily be extended to infinity. Therefore it suffices that I have handed down to those desiring more both the form and the reason of the example. The light of understanding easily penetrates all these things. I wrote at Peapolium, on the ninth day of March, in the year of the Lord 1508.

a Baldach b Abrach c Ecorach d Adonach e Merach f Afalach g Agalach h Charach i Misach k Akarach l Elamach m Amolach n Anesach o Morach p Eparach q Aqualach r Cromach s Asarach t Stomalach v Cusafach x Axiomach y Lynafach z Azarach [unclear] Evenalach [unclear] Sevadamar [unclear] Orvanifar a Hanasar b Abasar c Acamar d Adamar e Mesar f Afasar g Agasar h Thamar i Nibasar k Akasar l Elasar m Omasar n Anefar o Bonefar p Spenafar q Aquasafar r Arofasar s Isachar t Stenafar v Busafar x Exulafar y Mynafar z Azafar a Cathai b Abrai c Achai d Adamai e Lemai f Afrai g Aglai h Cholai i Disari k Ekami l Elami m Emai n Gnosai o Comani p Spadai q Aquarsai r Dramoi s Astrafai t Athamar v Dubari x Ixioman y Pyroman z Eziamer a Malach b Ebalach c Acalach d Adobarach e Melech f Afalech g Egelech h Chamelech i Misalech k Akamech l Elamech m Amalech n Enalech o Comalech p Apalech q Equalech r Premalech s Asamech t Stomalech v Busalech x Aximalech y Rymalech z Azelech [unclear] Orvameleh [unclear] Ervalman a Daban b Oban c Icaban d Adelan e Sebalan f Ofelan g Agelan h Chaba i Nisan k Ekalan l Olafan m Emalan n Enean o Losaban p Spilan q Aquafan r Areman s Asafan t Stabulan v Hurman x Exulman y Ryman z Azelman [unclear] Ervalti I a Manas b Abdelas c Ocadas d Adalas e Semalas f Ofelias g Agaras h Choras i Rimasas k Akarias l Cleopas m Amasias n Anobias o Sodias p Epynosas q Aquisas r Arabias s Asyphas t Atharas v Quolas x Aximas y Syrihas z Azarias [unclear] Tuuilas a Baron b Abaron c Ocoran d Adelon e Meron f Ofilon g Agion h Chorion i Libion k Akyon l Elyhon m Amaron n Enorion o Morison p Armaon q Apizon r Armaon s Osarion t Atharon u Cuburon x Axion y Tymeon z Azaron [unclear] Ervariel a Sadiel b Abdiel c Scoriel d Adriel e Sebiel f Ofiel g Agiel h Thoniels i Misiel k Akriel l Almiel m Amiels n Oniel o Sosiel p Apiel r Ariel s Osiel t Othiel u Suriel x Axiel y Aymiel z Azariels [unclear] Ervariels a Nasor b Abnasor c Acanasor d Adamor e Pesanor f Afasor g Agenor h Chabor i Sichor k Ekamor l Almasor m Amasor n Anephor o Nobabor p Apalifor q Aquafor r Oraphor s Asanaor t Ethymor v Pusanor x Axisor y Nycanor z Izachior [unclear] Duuesor a Paranas b Abranatas c Scharabas d Adramas e Demonas f Ofilamas g Agilimas h Thombas i Lidomas k Akrofilas l Pliadas m Amadias n Antipas o Ponadas p Spartanhas q Aquilas r Triphas s Asanapas t Athanas v Busaphas x Aximaas y Tymolas z Azarias [unclear] Iuuaras a Nabat b Abarat c Scarafat d Adrapat e Nesarat f Afilat g Ogesarat h Charisat i Libafat k Okobizat l Almonat m Imefat n Anorat o Donesat p Apraxat q Equarat r Broniat s Asarat t Etomat v Busarat x Axifolat y Tyrazat z Azifarat [unclear] Vuebrat I ij a Iaymalo a Cadon a Samelech b Abraylo b Ibathon b Ebramelech c Ochafilo c Echaton c Achalech d Adymado d Adelon d Adelmech e Vemalo e Merison e Nemelech f Afemalo f Ifrason f Afemelech g Agemalo g Agedion g Ageselech h Chrysalo h Christion h Thomelech i Vimalo i Siradon i Diralech k Ekraso k Ekaton k Akafelech l Alefalo l Pladion l Alanech m Amefalo m Amedon m Amalech n Anybalo n Anydion n Onamech o Poymalo o Coridon o Somelech p Spinasalo p Epadion q Aquifalech q Aqualo q Aquilon r Tramelech r Dramalo r Tropon s Asydon s Asomelech t Atymalo t Ethion t s Tomelech v Tusymalo v Durion x Axomelech x Axifalo x Axion y Pymelech z Ozycalo z Ozamion z Ozyfelech [unclear] Ruuelo [unclear] Buuelon [unclear] Iuuemelech

a Hasar b Abhasar c Achasar d Adomar e Behasar f Ofehasar g Aganiar h Thomasar i Dipasar k Okriasar l Eleasar m Amasar n Anthosar o Comasar p Spanosar q Aquosar r Arnosar s Asamar t Athabar v Luphasar x Axiomar y Tymasar z Azomar [unclear] Huosar a Mathan b Obedan c Acharan d Adoran e Medoran f Afiosan g Agian h Choran i Pidaran k Alkastan l Alman m Amoran n Gnocian o Comesan p Sphanhan q Equilan r Arosan s Osaran t Stayran v Musan x Exusian y Synaran z Ozialan [unclear] Buuelan a Saday b Abray c Achay d Adonay e Penay f Effray g Aglay h Chrisay i Filosay k Akoy l Almay m Omelay n Antifoy o Dolay p Apenoy q Aquoy r Droy s Asamay t Athenoy v Cusay x Axosay y Symay z Ozimay [unclear] Duuelay l iij a malochym a basan a hamal b abelochym b abasan b abamal c scomachym c ocosan c achitofal d adonachym d adosan d adramal e melochym e mesan e penefal f effrahym f ofaran f afaral g agelochym g aglan g agynial h thomachym h chosan h thorafal i milochoym i piran i firaphal k okriachym k akran l alaphal l alexochym l elisan m amosal m amelochym n anan n enophal n enochym o posan o mosal p spanachym p opian p epaphal q equilachym q aquian q aquial r dromechym r orian r bronefal s osiachym s osian t etipha t stolachym v cusan v busiphal v cusachym x axian x aximal x exolachym y lysian z azahal y syrachym z ozian z buuasal z ervalachym z iuuasan a dabri b abori c achori d odari e medri f afri g agri h chori i piri k akri l elori m ambri n anatri o moari p apenori q aquari r trosari s aschari t athari v subari x oxiry y nysari z azari 2 duuori a camelon b abelon c achryphon d adylon e merapon f ofilason g agelon h churion i pinelon k okalon l alophion m emedion n anabion o nobilon p aporion q aqualon r triphilon s asephilon t atrifon v cubion x axion y tyrion z azyrion 2 buuelion a vamear b abamar c acamear d adamare lehamar e ofamear f agemar h chomar i pisamar k okamar l alamar m omahar n anemar o posamar paporesar q aquabar r oremar s asamar t ithamar v busamar x axiomar y synamar z azamar 2 buuesar 53 a damas a harabot a camaran b abaras b abarot b abadian c scheras c achiot c scholian d adamas d adamot d odissean e beormas e lefarot e merisan f afimas f afanot f aforisan g egeas g agihot g agesan h thomas h chabot h choresan i lisiamas i mirabot i pinosan k akamas k akarot k okaran l plansias l elymot l alioran m amasias m amalot m omeran n onysias n anatot n anasan o mohabas o morot o ioran p spanias q aquirot q aquiran r artabas r aramot r arosofan s asamas s ofyarot s asiaran t athalas t athamot t otherian v rupalas v cusabot v dubaran x aximas x exilarot x oxirian y tyronas y hyracot y pysoran z azarias z azarot z azarian zu tuuelas zu luuarot zu huuorian a nasalo b abalo c achalo d odalo e pesalo f afialo g agelo h charelo i sigalo k akastulo l aluerno m amelio n anacalo o cornelo p spareolo q aquilo r armalo s aseualo t statulo v cusaleo x axiolo y tymolo z azulo 2v cuualio a madas b abadas c ocadas d adonidas e melodas f ofanas g agedas h choridas i misanas k akriphas l almodas m amalas n anabilas o norophas p spanolas q equalias r arnobias s asonydas t atriphas v curidas x axyanas y syradas z azaridas 2v cuuelas a cabor b abanor c achabor d odabor e mesanor f ofamor g agenor h chabor i sicanor k ekastor l alamor m omanor n anator o ponyor p epanor q equador r tronabor s astropor t stanesor v musifor y pysanor z oziamor 2v cuualor a saregon a panadox a hasolam b abaragon b abarax b abalam c schoragon c scanadox c schoram d [unclear] d adrimax d adulam e lemarson e venelox e heralam f afaregon f affrodix f afodilam g agiargon g agiolox g agesilam h charegon h thorax h chroalam i misargon i pimanax i hisolam k akyarson k akarex k akolam l elaregon l alanax l olaham m amelagon m ameloxx m omilam n anergon n antrax n analam o comoron o coparax o conesam p aparchon p apanadox q aporisam q aquilon q aquilax q equilam r trosechon r tranpax r fradolam s esaregon s asanex s osauiam t atagion t othifax t stirulam v cureregion v cumerax v hubalam y synarchon y vymax y fyculam z [unclear] z azarax z azulam rv iuuarchon rv ruuax rv auulam a machras b ebraphas c achamas d adamas e merapas f africhas g agenoras h thornas i siculas k okapulas l almodas m amulas n entolas o sorulas p sparolas q aquolas r dromadas s afandras t otymulas v fufulas x exupias y syrudas z azipulas 2v buuelas a halmites b obethsames c schorades d adonydes e lemures f afronides g agathes h chareses i liburtes k akonites l aleothes m amenides n enomades o ioannes p spanodes q equinodes r drapetes s osiagetes t athenopes u cucuphates aximades y dymonipes azofanes 2v iuuenides calon abdon acaron adonion pelion ofarion agelon chorion siphilon akaton elyon amelon enopion colafon epimelon aquilon trasilon asebon athemon museon axion symeon azaron suuelon a manas b abranas c scatanas d adonias e helianas f afranas g agonas h thorcas i pisanas k akaras l alnotas m omelias n antras o ionas p aponas q aquinas r tranapas s asaphas t storapas v cucufas x axiopas y tymonas z azarias [unclear] puuelas a padony b abdony c schany d adony e melony f afanay g egelnoty h chalmy i dilonoy k akony l alciony m amoly n annay o comaty p apenoy q aquay r cratay s asony t atenoy u cudony x exuby y rypany z azapy [unclear] cauualy a rachiel b abriel c scoriel d adoniel e sebaniel f ofymiel g agiriel h thomiel i michael k akastiel l alexiel m ambiel n anadiel o mosiel p aprutiel q aquiel r vriel s asifiel t athoni el v curiel x axiel y mysiel z azahel [unclear] iuuiel a pasan a marat a cafusa b abasan b eborat b abafusa c ocasan c scorat c ocafusa d adosan d adolat d adonisa e mesan e serafat e pefusa f afusan f aforat f afenusa g agusan g agorat g agnonusa h chorsan h thorat h chorusa i dilusan i micorat i liparusa k ykosan k akorat k akanusa l alusan l clapat l alanesa m amasan m emasat m amasa n anosan n ancorat n anorsa o homesan o iosaphat o spanusa p spanesan p aporisat q aquola q aquisan q equipat r archisan r dromat s asasan s osaphat s osiara t stenosan t stanerat v auensa v auesan v cumat x axiosan x exaphat y cyrusan y tymat z azusan z azarat [unclear] tuuesan [unclear] cuuarat [unclear] iuuesa m.

a malochym a naason a mathan b abrachym b abedon b abaran c scalachym c ocason c acoran d adoniachyn d adisaon d odoran e lemarchym e nebrion e meran f effrahym f afalon f aferan g agiarchym g agrion g agian h cherubym h chorion h thoran i pinarchym i pisaron i hiran k akalochym k akalon l elalisan l elachym l olarion m omilan m amolchym n antron n anoten o comarchym o ponon o soran p aparchym p eparon p spiran q aquarchym q aquilon q aquoran r armachym r orphion s osyrion t atalan s asarechym sathenon v european t stanarchym taxylon x exasan v dulachym vy busidion z nysan x exarchym xazurion z azaran y synarchym ybuualon z iuualan a ramatha b abratha c scarapa d adropa e meratha f afrona g agiopa h thara i siprana k akropa l alania m amana n anna o somata p spania q aquina r armea s astrapas t stanopa v cumana x axiomana y rymata z azamata [unclear] cuualta a hamaym b abrohym c schamoym d adonaym e merohym f aforachym g agiarchym h choraym i pinarchym k akuarchym l elohym m amalchym n anarsym o molachym p sponaym q aquaym r armachym s osiachym t atrohym u burachym x axiachym y symaym z ozyarym [unclear] huuarchym caras abras acaras adamas merapas efymeras agenoras tholas pisaras okonias alophas amalas annas ioannas epaphras aquilas trophilas osannas atenoras musas aximas symonas azarias buuaras ii a hamosin b abasin c acarin d adorin e melosin f afrasin g agusin h tholin i dirosin k akusin l elapin m ematin n anasin o comin p spalin q aquin r arabin s psallin t atolin v hurin x axosin y tymin z ozerin [unclear] duuerin a nabal b abral c scoribal d adronal e penadal f aforal g agifal h thoral i rifial k akural l elaphal m amaral n anatal o coriphal p spondal q aquial r trasapal s asephal t stanisal v curapal x aximal y syriphal z azadal [unclear] iuueralos a panargos b abargos c scapagos d adlargos e gemargos f afemeros g agyrios h choridos i dionios k akuatos l alpharos m emathos n anarchos o monados p eparios q aquilos r arnoplos s asianos t steganos v populars x exaplos y myriados z azulos [unclear] iiueralos a barafan b abaran c scaran d odrafan e merisan f aforisan g agenesan h chorisan i mirosan k akorisan l alorisan m omaran n antisan o porasan p aporisan q aquasan r artosan s osaran t stefasan v euorsan x exarosan y tyrosan z azarian [unclear] iuuarian a matos b abatos c scoyros d adrius e semiros f aforos g agaros h thoros i pisaros k ikalos l elisios m amalos n anatolos o comaros p epauros q equados r tritemios s aspidos t athomos u busyros x axiforos y synaxeos z azaros [unclear] duuaros cabarym abarym scarayn odarym mesarym effraym agorym chatym siphaym akorym alexym amraym entolym soraym spiritym aquolym armohym asarym athesym cubalym axarym synthaisim oziarym cuuelym iv a hrmalach; b abralach; c scolamach; d adonisach; e mesalach; f afrilach; g ageldmach; h charolach; i misarach; k ekorach; l almanach; m emalach; n antrofach; o romelech; p sparamech; q aquilech; r tramelech; s asterech; t stauronach; v ruselech; x examinerach; y tyronach; z azach; zv arvgelach; a nadas; b abonas; c achoras; d adamas; e bedamas; f eforas; g egeas; h thobias; i micheas; f afrodian; g agelan; h thilman; i siropan; k ekastan; l olofan; m emosan; n anaban; o mosan; p epalasan; q aquiran; r arbasan; s osiafan; t stolan; v musan; x axioran; y pysaran; z azaphan; zv orvelau.

A bamar; c acamar; d odamar; e nemar; f efamar; g agemar; h choramar; i fisamar; k okanasar; l almodar; m omenasar; n anasar; o comasar; p aponasar; q aquosar; r tranasar; s astramar; t ithamar; v cubasar; x examar; y synamar; z ezamar; 2v s[unclear]vynamar; a pariel; b abriel; c achriel; d adriel; e sebiel; f afesiel; g agiel; h choriel; i gimiel; k akariel; l almiel; m emmanuel; n andriel; o mosiel; p spiriel; q aquiel; r ariel; s osiel; t atriel; v huriel; x axiel; y aymiel; z az Ariel; 2v s[unclear]vintiriam masan; b abrasan; c acaran; d adan; e medan; f afasan; g ogisan; h cho[unclear]isan; i miriasn; k ekosan; l alaman; m omorinsan; n enafan; o comasan; p spanosan; q squillan; r armosan; s astroman; t atharan; v cusan; x axian; y rypsn; z azafan; 2v s[unclear]vinistiria; m 4.

A famero; b abaro; c acaro; d adamo; e neparo; f aframo; g agaro; h chorilo; i hipaso; k akralo; l elamo; m amelo; n anefalo; o moraso; p apenalo; q aquilo; r dromelo; s esaphyro; t athanato; v hubanafo; x aximaco; y lyssimaco; z azabulo; 2v izvamalo; 2v arvalemer; a nader; b abner; c october; d odacer; e meser; f afer; g agener; h choramer; i pisamer; k akamer; l alaber; m emaser; n onyder; o somater; p aponer; q aquefer; r trapeser; s asamer; t storamer; u musander; x exadamer; y rymser; z azanaber; 2v ervameram; a faram; b abram; c acaram; d oderam; e perasam; f afaram; g agaram; h thoram; i sisaram; k akarisam; l alpharam; m ameriam; n entropam; o coranesam; p sparoniam; q aquilam; r armonia; s asamaram; t athiram; u pusaram; x exarasam; y tymparia; z azariam; 2v erzameram.

A fabion; b abion; c achion; d adion; e medion; f afion; g agion; h chorion; i lirion; k akrion; l elion; m amion; n knobion; o aodrin; p spirion; q sequilion; r cranyon; s osion; t athirion; v rusion; x axion; y tyrimon; z azion; 2v arvimilon; 2v orvymora; a nasas; b abenasas; c ocasas; d edramas; e penosas; f afenosas; g agenoras; h chrysopas; i piramas; k akoras; l elafas; m amasas; n enodrias; o nosamas; p spirosas; q aquofas; r arnosas; s asiapas; t stabulas; v rusifas; x aximas; y rypidas; z azarepas; 2v ervenulas.

A hamalym; a marbas; a parason. B abolym; b abaras; b abaron. C scarolym; c scaras; c achion. D adoalym; d adamas; d adonion. E hemalym; e demas; e penason. F afialym; f afimas; f efameron. G agiolym; g agemas; g agirion. H thorzym; h choras; h thobion. I mirsalym; i pisaras; i biradion. K akoalym; k akras; k akrion. L eleosym; l plutas; l olarion. M amalym; m amesas; m emason. N anasym; n anaras; n antyrion. O somalym; o cosmas; o dorion. P eparolym; p aponas; p spodion. Q aquasym; q squillas; q sequilon. R archadym; r droypas; r triphon. S ispalym; s astrolas; s osiason. T stanosym; t statulas; t atheron. V rumalym; v rupas; v nusaon. X axiosym; x exusias; x axion. Y pymalym; y hyrmas; y symalon. Z azarym; z azamas; z azarion. [unclear] ruuarym; [unclear] uuerulas; [unclear] cuualion.

A camer; b abner; c achior; d adoner; e messer; f offiaser; g egymer; h chomer; i viraser; k okamer; l elamer; m amaber; n anoser; o comer; p spinser; q squiser; r araser; s osthamer; t sturmer; v busafer; x examiner; y tytifer; z azamer; 2v duuaser; a halmodi; b abrami; c scalmodi; d adelmi; e hemuri; f affemari; g ageladi; h choladi; i hilmesi; k akriali; l alphai; m amadi; n onemadi; o comari; p apenati; q aquiroti; r armeni; s astrophi li; t stanopoli; v cumadi; x axioni; y symachy; z oziafali; 2v huueni; a passan; b abassan; c achasan; d edosan; e mesan; f efaresan; g agersan; h cho[unclear]isan; i ripasan; k ekasan; l elysan; m omesan; n enosan; o corsan; p spirosan; q squisan; r cranesan; s osturan; t atrasan; v cursan; x axiosan; y myrsan; z azarsan; 2v huuolan.

a vamelo b abymalo c scamelo d adonylo e persalo f ofimalo g agimelo h chorelo i vibulo k ikastulo l almelo m omalo n enmelo o romulo p epanilo q squatilo r tramelo s esatulo t athalo u burello x exialo y tymelo z ezinalo vz cuuestilo av cadas bv abadas cv ochas dv adrias ev medas fw afiras gx agias hy thorcas iz hironas ki okaphas kj alenas km emodas ln antras lk colonas lm spiridas nl troadas lm squurcas on antris oo colonas op spiridas pr troadas ps squurcas qt atridas tq busulas qx axiodas ty pyrolas tz azimas vz dunelas a dorafyn ba brofyn ca echofyn da edofyn ea perafyn fa afefyn ga agefyn ha chrafyn hi nicafyn ka akafyn kl clarofyn lm ernolfyn na eneafyn no colafyn np aparfyn qa aquolyn ra druyfyn sb asothyn tc thalyn vd gurefyn vx exufyn vy rynefyn vz vazryn vz buualyn a hamar a parulen a samas b abamar b abrulen b abaras c scomar c schalen c achias d adamar d aduren d adamas e lemar e pesilen e hermas f efamar f afesen f ofirmas g agamar g agusen g agamas h thama h chalen h thymas i pisamar i hilen i hilmas k akomar k akulen k ikomas l alemar l almen l elomas m amphar m omylen n amelas n anaphar n enafylen n antras o comar o hosalen o somas p epamar p spirafen p epatras q squifar q equalen q squillas r tramar r droyen r dronas s osamar s asuben s asomas t ithama t sturasen t stormas v husamar v cusalen v gurgas x axymar x examen x axymas y sysamar y pyramen y hyrpas z azacher z azalen z azaras rv huuasar rv puualas n a cabalan b abalan c scalan d adulan e herman f ofilan g aglan h chrosian i bifalan k okalan l plorisan m omesan n annan o ioannan p eparan q aquilan r proylan s esalan t athoran v hulman x exusian y tyresan z azarian 2v cuuelman 2v cuualroem a haroem b abroem c scaroem d adroem e meroem f effroem g agroem h throem i siroem k akroem l alroem m amram n antroem o coroem p spiroem q squiroem r troem s aschroem t sturoem u suroem x extroem y myroem z azaroem 2v huueser a maraber b abaner c achaber d odoacer e geseber f affaner g eganer h haber i sicher k akaber l cleser m omaer n anaber o dosaber p spinter q squaler r arbaser s psaller t athner v hubaser x axamer y tymaser z azuber 2v huueser II a panas b aberas c icomas d adrias e selenas f afrodiss g egeas h thoras i hiras k okadas l alphas m omeras n entholas o corydas p spurnas q aquinas r orcadas s asonias t stoicas v musas x exubias y lybidas z azaras 2v puuenas a labana b abana c schiona d adonia e melona f afronia g agonia h thorna i liburna k akrania l alphona m amphenan n ancona o posena p aprona q squilina r troiana s asonia t athonia u cusana x axula y mytela z ezanula 2v iuuenula a rabinu b abinu c achiu d odanu e sebau f offenu g agelau h choleu i cisseu k akolu l olenu m amalu n aneu o rosalu p aponu q squileu r aradu s asebiu t stratiu v burelu x axialu y ryfilu z azariu 2v cuualu n ii a cades a madan a samaym b ebales b abadan b abrayym c ichanes c scholan c scarzym d odipes d adilan d adoraym e nefeles e mesan e mezraym f afanes f efilan f afroym g agires g aglan g agorym h chares h choran h chorasym i pisares i sisaran i riphaym k akales k akaran k okarym l alores l eluran l aluarym m amoles m omysan m anorsym n andres n onysan n anarsym o dorpes o horisan o romulym p spintres p apasan p spirasym q aquiles q squillan q aquolym r orcades r arnan r ararym s esrades s asaran s ofyrym t atriles t stenosan t stasyrym v curades v europan v curasym x exarpes x exusian x axarym y myriades y hyaran y tynarym z azifanes z azarian z azarym [unclear] ruuares [unclear] huualan [unclear] buualym

a hasor b abenor c achior d adasor e mesior f affasor g egenor h chrysor i pinasor k akusor l alaphor m amador n anthenor o gomor p epinasor q equador r orsamor s asiphor t stephasor v hupator x exanor y symetor z azagor 2v cuualor a masael b abadiel c sconiel d adoniel e mersiel f afrael g agiel h chosiel i michael k okariel l almiel m amesiel n anasel o poniel p spudiel q squariel r archael s israel t statuel v euseuiel x axiel y aymiel z azael 2v iuuiel a nason b abnason c achyon d adrion e penason f ofirion g agedon h thobion i pigion k akaron l almon m emason n anason o coroson p spirason q aquilon r arphou s astron t athion v musaron x axaron y symon z azabon 2v huuelon n iii a salaam b abraham c schroam d odaram e henoram f afumeram g agorisam h charesam i hidaram k akonesam l almoram m amasam n andrasam o corasam p spartiam q aquitiam r archasam s asiphoram t athenosam v curianam x axiolam y vymosam z azaram w ruueram a batros b abaros c acharos d adamos e seluros f afiaros g agiaros h thabros i himaros k akaros l eluros m amelos n antyros o cotyros p apocapos q aquyros r orcados s assyrios t styrios v tuberos x exameros y symeros z azaros w cuuaros a halen b abauen c acharen d adalen e hearen f afrasen g egusen h chelen i ripen k ikosen l pleren m aman n anoben o nosiren p spalen q squyen r archen s esamen t aterosen v buralen x examen y tymen z oziaren w huualen a fanasar b abasar c schobar d odamar e penasar f afiamar g agathar h chroasar i hiamar k akatar l alfamar m amasar n enodar o cosamar p apoysar q squosar r arasar s astrofar t ithamar v buenasar x axamar y rymasar z azamar w huuasar a manera b abomera c schoyra d ademera e hemara f afymera g agymera h chymera i ciparasa k akeomera c lusara o mefara a nafora d omara s panyra a quyra t reuira a subera s tiburna b udora a xifera p ynosara a zeofera t uuerasa tabam abalam acham adam gelam effram agoram thoram fibulam okasam alpam amesam ponesam aporam squillam arosam asaram sturisam curisam axiosam tyrosam azaram huualram iiij a marpas a dabrai a nameso b abranas b abrai b abraneso c achaias c schorai c achimeo d adonias d adrai d odaneso e nebrias e seraphi e menaso f afroas f afrai f afamero g agaras g aglai g aganeso h thornas h cholai h chorulo i hiberas i dilai i pilarso k akronas k akri k okaro l alopas l alcinoi l elmaro m omylas m amrai m amefalo n andras n anai n anthropo o corbas o morfai o bonalo p spatas p apotoi p spiraso q aquilas q squyli q aquilo r archeas r tranai r archado s aseras s asiani s asamelo t athenas t storapi t stamelo v auatas v culsani v dusaralo x exameras x axioli x exaphilo y symeras y ryniasi y tyrialo z azurias z azuli z azuphilo w cuuaras w cuuali w ruuero a baron a madel a nafasor a parasan b abaron b abanel b abrasor b abrasan c achron c achael c achior c schoyran d adon d adriel d adomor d adrian e meron e meroel e penasor e perosan f afron f afriel f afrisor f aforisan g agion g agiel g agenor g agiosan h choron h choriel h chamor h thomasan i sifaron i riffiel i piramor i nisan k akaron k akiel k alephior l aleman l elyon l alaliel l amasor m omasan m amon m amyel m anydor n anathan n enason n andriel n apenor p spirisan o dorion o mosiel o q squisor q squilisan p apason p spaniel p r aramor r orphiran q equilon q aquiel q s osanesor s aserasan r argadon r orisiel r t stonasor t sturistan s asebon s. osiriel s v budaor v husalan t atheneon t athesiel t x axiosor x exusian v musaron v cumael v y synasor y hymoran x examiner x azifeil x z azamor z azarian y tymon y aymiel y z buueson z cuuesiel w tuuesor w luuonisan [unclear] a ramelech b abralech c achiolech d adifelech e merech f afalech g ageselech h chroserech i pimelech k akarech l aldonech m amalech n andrech o somelech p epimolech q aqualech r armalech s osiphalech t stamelech v sumarech x examelech y myfalech z azamelech w cuuelech a cadon b abadon c icaron d adelon e peron f ofarion g agaron h thosiron i mirason k akolon l oleron m ameron n andron o homeron p spodion q aquilon r cromason s astrofilon t stameon v purason x axilon y tyrolon z azarion w tuuelon a vamelo b abramelo c schomalo d adremalo e vemalo f afrodilo g agymelo h chareso i misalo k akifalo l alpharo m omerilo n enopio o romeso p spanolo q equisaro r orchalo s asymero t athelo v cusario x examero y pynalo z azuro w huualo a maserat b abronisat c scharesat d adromat e mesauerat f eforsisat g agemerat h chorasat i pidonesat k okamerat l clonephat m amaresat n androsat o comerat p aporisat q squisarat r aranesat s astronesat t stromesat v hubanat x axiophat y symorat z azahelat w iuuarat a naser b abner c achior d adamer e nemeser f afiaser g ogieser h thomer i dinamer k ikuser l eleeser m amaser n anther o moser p spatiser q aquoser r armaser s ostiafer t stenaser u cusamer x exuser y rynose z azame w siualer a madian b abrasan c achasan d adonian e melchan f afasan g agathan h christan i milian k akosan l plerisan m omeran n anasan o mosan p spanian q aquilan r trapesan s asiphan t athenan v subulan x axulan y cytharan z ozian w ruueran a saday b abray c scotay d adonay e semey f afrodey g agareny h chosay i risany k akolay l alphoy m amary n andrasy o dobry p sparalty q squinoty r archasy s aschry t stomay v husany x axiosy y cyprasy z azanay 2v iuualy a malachym b abelohym c ocreachym d adrohym e melochym f effrayment g agiachym h cherubym i hiarchym k akulym l elemoyn m ameloym n anthiachym o comarchymp arachym r tranesans osiarchyms t stuparchymt axiarymv synarchymy azariargyz guuesym harman ebaran charan oderan herman afalian aglasan thoran pileman okopan ameran andran poneran aporian squillan asaphan atenosanhuran axoran tyaran azaran huualan a sarabar b abas̄ar c achar d adabar e helmar f afamar g agiadar h chomar i pisamar k akamar l eleasar m amosar n anadar o mosar p spodar q aquinar r croasar s asamar t ithamar v auenosar x examar y hyamar z azamar 2v suuelar a mason b abrason c icharon d adelon e meson f afirion g agiron h charon i pirafon k okaron l olueon m ameron n onalon o cormon p spayron q aquilon r prosopon s psalmon t athenon u curaton x examon y tyrison z ezafilon 2v duuelon a hamaym b abroym c achiozym d adoraym e heroym f afiarym g aglaym h chyroym i sibarym k akarym l almachym m emarchym n enarchym o comarchym p aponarym q aqualym r tritaym s osiachym t stenorym u cumachym x axiolym y synaxym z azarym 2v cuuerulym a damas b abdias c acras d edelaa e menas f afrapas g agiras h choras i dimas k akias l alapas m omeras n anyras o poneras p vpupas q aquilas r atropas s asteras t athyras v cucufas x aximas y tyrifas z azarias ɔv ervanas a hara b abora c acora d adora e melora f efara g egera h theora i lipara k akomyra l glomera m ambꝛa n andria o morendia p spanedria q equancia r drõmãcia s asara t ethyria v cularia x axioma y myparia z ezaphꝛia ɔv orvepila a pai b abai c acelai d adonai e helai f efai g agai h thomai i rimai k akai l gladai m vmbrai n antai o morai p spatai q equai r aremai s asadai t athenai v culectai x axipani y rypai z azafai ɔv arvadai With the demonstration of the possibility of our new invention having been shown briefly, and no less sufficiently, I do not think that I myself should be wearied any longer over the same matter on this occasion, since the method of the journey extends to infinity, if anyone should need an example for further matters. Nor do I by any means think it necessary to recall to memory the things that have been recited in the preceding sections, since a sharp reader, if he is studious, can also, with the Lord's help, discover the greater things that lie hidden in these. We have handed over the material, and at the same time the cause, to the wise student; if he wishes to use them prudently, by his own talent he will surpass ours. But whoever desires this paved road more beautiful in the shade should join hand and mind to talent, and himself make a path more beautifully adorned by paraphrase. Let him hold it fixed in memory, if these things delight anyone, that he must always remain within the prescribed circle; if he passes beyond it in any way, the whole operation vanishes uselessly. There are many names of men; indeed, there are almost infinite words for things, towns, cities, provinces, herbs, trees, stones, and verbs, all of which serve our purposes. From these it is clear that it is not impossible for a book of this kind to be made, if talent is present with diligence, which may surpass our inventions without limit. But the man of such dullness that he cannot understand these childish things of ours, when will he penetrate the subtler matters that remain? We put an end to the fourth book of the Polygraphia, to which we join the fifth in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Here is the end of the fourth book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot, on the fourteenth day of March, in the year 1508.

The fifth book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Saint James the Apostle at Würzburg, begins its preface.

Those things which, with the help of our Lord Jesus Christ, we have arranged, however imperfectly, in the four preceding books for the completion of our Polygraphy, reasonably require that in the fifth book we briefly treat the remaining precepts and methods of this instruction which are left over. We shall therefore give in it a sufficiently concise method by metathesis, that is, the transposition of letters, by which a friend may safely, securely, and most secretly write to a friend whatever he wishes. We read that Caesar Augustus used this method of writing in secret matters. Although this method of communication is in many ways secure, nevertheless it is always regarded with suspicion by those who inspect it, because as soon as a transposition of letters is perceived, anyone who is curious at once suspects that something lies hidden beneath them.

There are, moreover, almost infinite methods of this invention; from these, for the necessary introduction, we have set out the following for the reader, reserving the rest to be investigated by his ingenuity. First, therefore, we have placed before him the canonical table of this craft, to which we have joined another, reversed. In these two tables the root and foundation of the aforementioned transposition is wholly set down, upon which the structure of the entire edifice is placed. For when these two tables have been properly known and understood, no transposition of letters will be able to remain hidden from one who works diligently. To these we have joined twenty-four alphabets in order, so that we might provide the reader with an abundance of ways of transposing letters. The use of these, according to one’s wish, consists in individual alphabets, or, if you prefer, also in all of them. If you have a secret correspondence with many people, distribute individual alphabets to individual acquaintances, but commit to memory what you have given to each one [unclear].

Let the first alphabet be entrusted to the first, the second to the second, the third to the third, and so let it be done consequently with the rest. But if, because of the multitude of affairs or of one’s household, the alphabets which we have marked out should not suffice for everything, or if some of them seem too open and manifest, we shall be able to introduce various new transpositions, whose number becomes very great, while the method of the secret always remains perpetually hidden. Let us give an example of this matter: let B be a, F be b, L be c, P be d, T be e, Z be f, E be g, M be h; let it be done thus consecutively through the whole usual alphabet, so that between any assumed letter three letters intervene idly and in transposed order. Afterward four, then five, more or fewer; yet so that the whole alphabet, as though revolved in a circle, comes together, no letter at all is omitted, but each one is placed in the same series for another in its own order.

In whatever way you write, you must know that the method itself is to be committed firmly either to letters or to memory, lest, having slipped through forgetfulness, you can no longer read what you yourself had written. For the transposition of letters can be varied in so many ways that, according to the estimation of human understanding, which, enclosed by temporal operation in a mortal body, does not properly grasp infinite things, an innumerable number will arise for a mortal man. Hence whoever wishes to have more methods of writing by metathesis, apart from our instruction, will easily achieve the result in his work if he is even a little ingenious and diligent. For the human intellect can accomplish very great things if it is aided by study and art. But he who despises small things will never attain to greater ones.

I know that there will be many who will mock these pursuits of ours as empty and childish; to them we give as an answer that we shall be altogether content provided they please those at whose urging they have been composed by us. The direct table follows.

Straight table of transposition.

[letter table] In this canonical, or straight, table of letters, from our single usual alphabet of the Latin letters themselves, by change or transposition, you have as many alphabets as there are monograms in it throughout, namely twenty-four times twenty-four, which make in number 576; and multiplied again by the same number, they make a little less than fourteen thousand.

Table of reversed transposition.

[letter table] In this second reversed table you have as many alphabets by transposition of letters as we also set down in the preceding straight one. For, as you see, under metathesis there are twenty-four toward the right; likewise as many toward the left; twenty-four downward, and twenty-four upward. These, multiplied by ninety-eight twenty-four times and reduced in the form of a cross to the four sides, make not fewer than 112 alphabets.

The same table expanded follows.

First figure of the expansion of the straight table.

a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z w a b c d e f g h j k l m n o p q This is the first figure of the expansion of the straight table: five alphabets by metathesis, the letters transposed as is seen. For in the first alphabet b is taken for a, c is taken for b, and so on, as is clearer to one looking at it. In the second alphabet c is taken for a, in the third d, in the fourth e, in the fifth f, as the placement of the order shows.

The expansion is continued.

Second figure of the expansion of the straight table

| ag | ab | af | ak | al | | b | bi | bk | bl | bm | | c | ck | cl | cm | cn | | d | dl | dm | dn | do | | e | em | en | eo | ep | | f | fn | fo | fp | fq | | g | go | gp | gr | gs | | h | hp | bq | hr | bs | | i | iq | ir | is | it | | k | kr | ks | kt | ku | | l | ls | lt | lu | lx | | m | mt | mu | mx | my | | n | nu | nx | ny | nz | | o | ox | oy | oz | ow | | p | px | py | pz | pw | | q | qz | qw | qa | qb | | r | rw | ra | rb | rc | | s | sa | sb | sc | sd | | t | tb | tc | td | te | | u | uc | ud | ue | uf | | x | xd | xe | xf | xg | | y | yg | yb | yi | yj | | z | zg | zb | zi | zi | | w | wg | wb | wi | wk |

Third figure of the expansion of the straight table.

| am | na | ao | ap | aa | | bn | bo | bp | bq | br | | co | cp |cq | cr | cs | | dp | dq | dr | ds | dt | | eq | er | es | et | eu | | fr | fs | ft | fu | fx | | gs | gt | gu | gx | gy | | ht | hu | hz | hy | bz | | iu | ix | iy | iz | iw | | kx | ky | kz | kw | ka | | ly | lz | lw | la | lb | | mz | m w | ma | mb | mc | | nw | na | nb | nc | nd | | oa | ob | oc | od | oe | | pb | pc | pd | pe | pf | | qc | qd | qe | qf | qg | | rd | re | rf | rg | rh | | se | sf | sg | sh | si | | tf | tg | th | ti | tk | | ug | uh | ui | uj | uk | | xb | xi | xk | xl | xm | | yi | yk | yl | yn | yo | | zk | zl | zm | zn | zo | | wl | wn | wo | wp | wz| There are also in this expanded figure of the straight table five alphabets, distributed in order as is seen. In the first of them, by the method of transposition, m is taken in place of a; in the second, n; in the third, o; in the fourth, p; in the fifth, q. Their number can be increased in many ways, as was said above.

Continuation of the expansion. o iii

Fifth figure of the expansion of the straight table.

|a y | a 3 | a w | a c | a g | |b z | b w | b a | b e | b i | |c w | c a | c b | c g | c l | |d a | d b | d c | d i | d n | |e b | e c | e d | e l | e p | |f c | f d | f e | f n | f r | |g d | g e | g f | g p | g t| |h e | h f | h g | h x | h u| |i f | i g | i h | i t | i v| |k g | k h | k i | k w | k b| |l h | l i | l k | m q | m o| |m i | m j | m l | m s | m f| |n k | n l | n m | n u | n b| |o l | o m | o n | o p | o k| |p m | p n | p o | p q | p m| |q n | q o | q p | q r | q o| |r o | r p | r q | r s | r u| |s p | s q | s r | s t | s y| |t q | t r | t s | t u | t z| |u r | u s | u t | u x | u a| |x s | x t | x u | x y | x c| |y t | z x | z y | z a | z b| |z u | z y | w z | w a | w c| This is the fifth and last figure of the expansion of the straight table, containing three alphabets in itself, and it completes in itself the twenty-third number. If you add to it the usual alphabet, [unclear] the number of twenty-four letters. The remaining two transfer a letter into the third, and are placed as an example.

On the expansion of the reversed table,

First figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

|a w | b z | c y | d x | e u | f t | g s | h r | i q | k p | l o | m n | n m | o l | p k | q i | r b | s g | t f | u e | v x | y c | z b | 3 a | w w | w z | 3 y | w y | w x | |a z | b y | c x | d u | e t | f s | g r | h q | i p | k o | l n | m m | n l | o k | p i | q b | r g | s f | t e | u d | v x | z b | 3 w | w z | 3 a | 3 y | 3 z | 3 x | 3 y | 2 z | 1 w | 0 x | 4 y | 5 z | 6 a | 7 b | 8 c | 9 d | A e | B f | C g | D h | E i | F j | G k | H l | I m | J n | K o | L p | M q | N r | O s | P t | Q u | R v | S w | T x | U z | V a | W b | X c | Y d | Z e | 1 f | 2 g | 3 h | 4 i | 5 j | 6 k | 7 l | 8 m | 9 n | A o | B p | C q | D r | E s | F t | G u | H v | I w | J x | K y | L z | M a | N b | O c | P d | Q e | R f | S g | T h | U i | V j | W k | X l | Y m | Z n | 1 o | 2 p | 3 q | 4 r | 5 s | 6 t | 7 u | 8 v | 9 w | A x | B y | C z | D a | E b | F c | G d | H e | I f | J g | K h | L i | M j | N k | O l | P m | Q n | R o | S p | T q | U r | V s | W t | X u | Y v | Z w | 1 x | 2 y | 3 z | A a | B b | C c | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | P p | Q q | R r | S s | T t | U u | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Z z | This is the first figure of the expansion of the reversed table, which, since it proceeds from the opposite direction against the straight one, is rightly called irregular. For, with the alphabets alternated in order, it introduces an error backward from the twelfth, neither varying, nor [unclear]. Since the rule had given this, he did not see that it should be altered.

Continuation.

Second figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

| d | a | t | | a | q | m | a p n | o | | b s | b r | b q | b p | b o | b n | | c r | c q | c p | c o | c n | c m | | d q | d p | d o | d n | d m | d l | | e p | e o | e n | e m | e l | e k | | f o | f n | f m | f l | f k | f i | | g n | g m | g l | g k | g i | g h | | h b | h i | h j | h k | h l | h s | | w i | w k | w l | w m | w n | w o | | k k | k i | k b | k g | k f | k e | | l i | l b | l g | l f | l e | l d | | x m | x b | x k | x l | x m | x n | x o | x p | x q | x y | x z | | n g | n f | n e | n d | n c | n b | | o f | o e | o c | o b | o a | | p e | p d | p c | p b | p a | p u | p v | p z | | q d | q c | q b | q a | q v | r t | r s | r u | r y | | r c | r b | r a | r w | r z | s t | s u | s v | s y | s x | | s b | s a | s w | s 3 | s y | t u | t v | t z | | t a | t w | t 3 | t y | t x | u t | u u | u v | u s | u z | | u w | u z | u y | u x | u t | x t | x u | x v | x s | x z | | m 3 | m x | m y | m z | m t | s q | s r | s s | s y | s z | | l y | l x | l z | l t | l 3 | q u | q v | q s | q y | q z | | z u | z t | z 3 | z r | z s | w i | w j | w k | w n | w o | In this second figure of the expansion of the reversed table there are six alphabets in number. In the first, k; in the third, i; in the fifth, h, are not changed. Since the rule has produced this, it makes no difference, because amid so great a multitude of variation there will be no one, even the most skilled, who can weigh the constancy of a single mark or character. Continuation.

Third figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

| a n q | m p a l | a k a i | b b g e f d c h j o r u x t v w z y s q p o i k d b e c f g d e f b g h i k a b c d e f g h i k a b c | In this third figure of the expansion of the reversed table there is nothing new in its kind, apart from [metametaphin], which are common to all in almost infinite degrees. The transposed alphabets are six. In the first t is eclipsed, in the same g; in the third s; in c, r and c; the rule teaches the reason for this matter. Continuation of the table.

Fourth figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

| | g | f | e | d | c | b | | | a | | | | | | | | b | | | | h | | | | | | | | | | | | c | | | i | | | | | | | k | | | | | | d | | l | | | | | | | m | | | | | s | | | | n | o | | | q t | | | | p | r | | u v | | | | q | | x | | | | y z | | | | z w | In this fourth figure of the expansion of the reversed table several errors of deficiency occur according to the canonical calculation of the letters. Since they can easily be corrected, I was unwilling to depart from the rule of the instruction. In the first, q and d; in the third, c; in the fifth, o and b, are not changed. Continuation of the table. p

The fifth figure of the expansion of the table, reversed.

Orchema

|a c | b e | c g | d i | e l | f n | g p | h r | i t | k x | l z | m a | n w | o b | p d | q f | r h | s k | t m | u o | x q | y s | z u | w y | |a y | b f | c g | d b | e i | f d | g c | h b | i a | j w | k p | l o | m n | n m | o d | p e | q f | r g | s b | t i | u k | v x | y m | z n | w o | |a q | b r | c s | d t | e u | f x | g y | h z | i 3 | j b | k w | l a | m b | n c | o e | p d | q e | r f | s g | t h | u i | v k | w l | x m | y n | z o | |a p | b q | c r | d s | e t | f u | g x | h y | i 2 | j b | k b | l b | m b | n b | o b | p b | q b | r b | s b | t b | u b | v b | w b | x b | y b | z b | In the present orchema a multiple alphabet is handed down by transposition and leap, both according to the rule of order and according to the position of the letters. All these things are sufficient as an example for those who cannot be content with the ones placed here, so that they may have a method and form for finding those that remain, since they can be varied without number.

o ij Johannes Trithemius, abbot [unclear], sends greetings to the reader.

Since all the letters of the Greeks and the Hebrews are numerical, I have often wondered that the painstaking Latinity of the ancients did not also make its own letters serve the reckoning of numbers. The Hebrews, by a duplication of certain letters, established twenty-eight signs sufficient for every number. The Greeks, however, remedied this lack of letters with like foresight by adding four characters. Therefore, since we have twenty-four letters, why should we not also make ours numerical, since we can similarly find four to be duplicated? Let us give four as an example, and it will be quite enough for every number: m and final nj; likewise long s and final or closed s; likewise closed v and open u. When we add these to the twenty-four usual letters, we have twenty-eight characters sufficient for all numbers. Nor will it be a matter of great labor to grasp this method of numbering for those who already know letters, if once they commit it to memory.

For this invention of ours may be useful to many, since with few letters it comprises many thousands in number, all of which can be distinguished and understood at first sight, without any calculation, more clearly than by the figures of algorism, especially in large numbers, as seems to many who are less experienced in the art of calculation not to be possible so easily. For as soon as you have looked with your eye upon a number, however large, you will be able both fully to understand it and to express it without circumlocution or division of speech. Since this is easy, it is fitting that we set down the letters themselves reduced to number. I wrote this on 16 March, in the year 1509.

[unclear]

Order of numerical letters.

a 1; ma 31; oa 61; ra 91; wd 1004 b 2; mb 32; ob 62; rb 92; we 1005 c 3; mc 33; oc 63; rc 93; wf 1006 d 4; md 34; od 64; rd 94; wg 1007 e 5; me 35; oe 65; re 95; wb 1008 f 6; mf 36; of 66; rf 96; wi 1009 g 7; mg 37; og 67; rg 97; bw 2000 h 8; mb 38; oh 68; rh 98; cw 3000 i 9; mi 39; oi 69; ri 99; dw 4000 k 10; nj 40; p 70; q 100; ew 5000 ka 11; nja 41; pa 71; r 101; fw 6000 kb 12; nb 42; pb 72; s 102; gw 7000 kc 13; njc 43; pc 73; t 103; hw 8000 kd 14; njd 44; pd 74; u 104; iw 9000 ke 15; nje 45; pe 75; v 105; kw 10000 kf 16; njf 46; pf 76; w 106; lw 20000 kg 17; ng 47; pg 77; x 107; mfw 30000 kh 18; nhb 48; ph 78; y 108; nw 40000 ki 19; nji 49; pi 79; z 109; ow 50000 l 20; nzo q 80; a 200; oow 60000 la 21; na 81; qa 82; b 300; pwo 70000 lb 22; nb 83; qb 84; c 400; qw 80000 lc 23; nc 85; qc 86; d 500; rw 90000 ld 24; nd 87; qd 88; e 600; tw 100000 le 25; ne 89; qe 90; f 700; sw 200000 lf 26; nf 91; qf 92; g 800; sw 300000 lg 27; ng 93; qg 94; h 900; tw 400000 lh 28; nh 95; qh 96; i 1000; vw 500000 li 29; ni 97; qi 98; w 1002; uw 600000 m 30; oi 99; ri 1003; xw 700000 p ij

Order of numerical letters.

yw 800000; .o2w 6000000; t:2w 40000000 zw 900000; p2w 7000000; v2w 50000000 k2w 1000000; q2w 80000oo; u2w 600ooo00 l2w 2000000; r2w 9000oooo; x2w 700ooo00 m2w 3000000; s2w 1000oooo; y2w 800oooo00 n2w 4000ooo; s2w 200ooo00; z2w 900ooo00 n2w 500ooo; S2w 300ooo00; k22w 100ooo000 Behold, reader, you have the method by which you can sufficiently mark and write every writable number with a few letters; their extension, as you see, proceeds to infinity. But, as it was once customary to say in a proverb, “A weary ox plants his foot firmly.” Whoever wishes to be content with former things should follow the ancient method of numbering. So that those who do not know it may understand it more easily, it will not be tedious for me to give in what follows the form which Hunibald, the historian of the Franks, and also Bede, Rabanus, Helpericus the monks, and many of the ancients used in chronicles and ecclesiastical calculations, as follows.

The method of numbering of Hunibald the Frank and others.

i 1; x .xx; xviiij C 100 ii 2; xi .xj; xxvij cc 200 iii 3; xij .xiij; xxx CCC 300 iv 4; xiiij .ixij; xxxx cccc 400 v 5; xliij .lixij; L D 500 vi 6; xvj .lxvj; lx dc 600 vii 7; xviij .lxxxj; lxx dccc 700 viii 8; xviij .lxxxxj; lxxx dcccc 800 ix 9; xviij .lxxxxij; lxxxj dcccc 900

The ancient order of numeral letters: [a table of Roman-numeral values—M = 1000, C̄/D̄ = 100,000, and so on—rendered as printed; partly garbled in the OCR.]

[page 478:] The ancient order of numeral letters [a second numeral table; partly garbled].

We have hitherto set forth, for example's sake, the manner of writing numbers by Latin letters [used by] the ancient Franks of Germany, that we might offer the knowledge of it also to those who do not know [it]. But that, in the placing of the figures of the algorism, we have departed from the common rule of computation, was done not from error but from a reasonable cause—namely, lest we be burdened in too great a progression. There were also [those] who wrote larger numbers in such a manner. [a third numeral table; partly garbled.]

These [matters] concerning the reckoning of numbers being duly completed, we end also the fifth book of Polygraphy. In the year of the Lord 1508.

[page 479:] The Sixth Book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Saint James the Greater the Apostle, of Würzburg, takes its beginning. Before every invention and use of letters, in the beginning of the world, when men were still rude in talent [and] uncultivated in morals—under the rule of the alternating communication of the three [intelligences], as some suppose, the intelligences succeeding one another in order through one thousand and sixty-three years—the influences of the planets were present in the world, in their own manner excelling [over] bodies on earth. The ancient speculators of this matter say that Saturn, from the beginning of the world, presided over the [things] germinating [and] being born on earth, by influence, his intelligence principally moderating [it]—which intelligence they named Orifiel, that is, the life-giving [intelligence] of God—for three hundred and fifty-four lunar years, four months, and as many days and hours. These [things] we recount as poetical, [and] do not confirm. After Saturn, Venus; after Venus, Jupiter is set down to have assumed the dominion. But after Jupiter, Mercury, fourth in order, as ruler, adorned the talents of men with diverse arts. But under the three intelligences mentioned—Saturn, namely, Venus, and Jupiter—ruling, they assert that men had not even the knowledge of letters. Whence, as often as one wished to announce something secret to another, he did this not by writings—since the office of letters was lacking—but by certain similitudes of animals, trees, plants, or of other sensible [things], symbolically, according as each had agreed among themselves. The time of Saturn gave to men, as they say, morals properly agreeing with [his] influence. For it made [them] farmers, hunters, founders of cities, rude, wild, sad, simple, uncultivated in life [and] morals, living long in the flesh. After Orifiel of Saturn, as those so opining [say], they say the intelligence Anael, the mover of Venus, [received] the governance of the world by influence, taking three hundred and fifty-four years…

[unclear], months, days, and four hours; under him men began to be more cultivated, to build houses more frequently, and cities, and also to invent various manual arts, namely the work of weaving, wool-working, and many other things similar to these. They also began to sink more deeply into the pleasures of the flesh, and, taking beautiful wives, with many children begotten from them, they fell notably away from natural simplicity. They invented games and songs; they began to play the cithara; whatever they maintained pertained to the influence of Venus, they devised with greater zeal, following too much the motion of the flesh.

They called the third intelligence of Jupiter Zachariel; receiving the dominion of the world after Anael, it made men restless with desire for rule, to go hunting, to make tents, to adorn themselves with various garments. While he held dominion, in accordance with the quality of Jupiter, who deprived his father of the kingdom, there arose a great division between the good and the wicked: the former invoking God, the latter given over to the flesh and the world. Under that rule Adam, the first man, died, leaving to all posterity the testament of dying once.

But the fourth mover, or angel, of Mercury, Raphael, influencing worldly things after Zachariel, began in the one thousand fifty-fifth year of the world, at the end of the month of February, and lasted until the one thousand four hundred tenth year of the world; under him the use of letters is said first to have been invented. The letters then, however, as they report, were different from those which the world has today, devised in the form and likeness of trees, plants, and animals; yet with time these were afterward altered in many ways, and took on an easier and more cultivated manner of being formed. For the fictions of the poets said that Mercury was the patron of all literature, promising that great hidden mysteries of things lay beneath their fables.

After this, when the human race had multiplied and had been spread everywhere over the whole earth, the unity of letters did not long remain; but the separation of bodies and minds far from one another discovered different and various modes of writing, concerning which a long narration would be needed from us. Plato the philosopher, in the Phaedrus, relates that a certain philosopher named Theotones first invented letters and the use of writing, together with the system of weights, numbers, and the game of dice, and taught Thamus, king of the Egyptians.

Concerning the rest, however, and the ancient men who are said to have handed down special letters to almost individual nations and peoples, which remain in use among them down to the present day, it is not my purpose on this occasion to set out or describe a narrative. For all our learned men know that Cadmus, son of Agenor, king of the Phoenicians, is said first to have brought sixteen letters into Greece: αβγδεζθκλμνοπρστυφψχω. [unclear] ε, κ, ω, λ, μ, β, ζ, σ, τ, ψ. To these Palamedes, at the time of the Trojan War, is reported to have added four: [unclear], θ, φ, χ. And afterward Pythagoras added the letter v, so that there should be twenty-one; and κ and ϖ were subsequently invented by others. Gordanis, bishop of the Goths, gave his people letters proper to them. When the unity of language had been confounded, the simplicity of characters was also varied in many ways. From this it happened that the use of letters, in the course of time, claimed such license for itself that not only individual peoples, but also individual men, fashioning new characters for letters at their own judgment, prepared hiding places for their mysteries.

Yet every writing in unusual characters will not be free from suspicion on the part of those who see it. Notwithstanding this, many kings, tyrants, and princes of old devised for themselves a private mode of writing, separated from the common one, caring little for the suspicion of others, provided that what they wished to remain secret was not perceived. Moved by imitation of them, and wishing to bring to a perfect end this work of the Polygraphia, so far as can be done, in this sixth book, which is also the last, I have determined to call back from the dead certain characters of the ancients which have long since ceased from mortal use, lest they perish utterly. And first indeed we shall set down the ancient manner of writing of the Northmen.

Concerning the Alphabet and the Manner of Writing

Of the Northmen, wonderful at that time when they were laying waste Gaul by their incursion.

All the letters of the Greeks and Palestinians are numerical, as was said before; while of the Latin letters, which we Germans also use, only seven [unclear] into numbers.

are referred to, namely c, d, i, l, m, v, and so forth. The Northmen, however, together with the Asiatic Dacians, having once come forth from the Scandinavian islands, which are now called Gothic, roamed through Gaul for more than forty years and devastated it most severely. In order to provide for their secret affairs, as Bede, the English monk, testifies, they devised from the letters of the Greeks the following new and handsome manner of writing. For they adapted the numerals of the Greeks, comprised in ten letters up to twenty-four, to Latin characters, and under a foreign form prudently concealed our letters, namely in the way in which we use numbers in place of letters: that is, for a we put 1, for b, 2, for c, 3, for d, 4, and so in sequence to the end of the alphabet. A handsome invention indeed, and sufficiently secure, which neither a Greek nor a Latin will easily understand. For the whole alphabet is not found in it, but only nine letters, and one numerical sign, namely g, which among them signifies six, and in this manner of writing f, the sixth letter of the Latins. Moreover, deferring to our German language, in which we were born, we have placed at the end the double w as the twenty-fourth letter of our nation, which, according to the Greek numeral, we formed thus: ꝟ. This writing of the Northmen, then, let us set down from the following order of Greek letters, in imitation of them.

| A | α | I | ι | T | t | G | γ | R | r | | b | β | K | κ | S | σ | Γ | υ | Θ | θ | | C | ψ | L | λ | F | φ | Δ | δ | X | x | | D | δ | M | μ | P | π | Κ | κ | Y | y | | E | ε | N | ν | Q | q | Λ | λ | Z | z | | F | τ | O | ο | Ω | ω | Μ | μ | Α | a | | G | g | P | p | Β | β | Ν | ν | B | b | | H | h | Q̄ | q̄ | Π | π | Ξ | ξ | C | c | | I | i | R | ρ | Σ | σ | Ψ | ψ | D | d | | J | j | T | τ | Τ | t | Φ | φ | E | e | | K | k | U | u | Υ | υ | Χ | χ | F | f | | L | l | V | v | Ζ | z | Ψ̄ | ψ̄ | G | g | | M | m | W | w | Θ̄ | th̄ | Ω̄ | ō | H | h | | N | n | X | x | Ῑ | ī | Κ | k | I | i | | O | o | Y | y | Ο̄ | ō | λ | λ | A | a | | P | p | Z | z | Ρ | r | Μ | m | S | s | | Q | q | | | Α | α | Β | β | T | t | | R | r | | | Κ | κ | Δ | δ | Π | π | | S | s | | | Λ | λ | Γ | γ | Ξ | ψ̃ | | T | t | | | Σ | σ | Δ | d | Θ | θ | | U | u | | | Φ | φ | Ε | ε | Τ | τ | | V | v | | | Χ | χ | Υ | υ | | | represent Latin letters, and they cannot be read either by a Greek or by a Latin who has not previously acquired knowledge of this device. This manner of writing can also be varied in many ways, when the letters are changed by transposition of the number. This can be done in the full Greek letters according to the wish and judgment of any industrious writer. Nor will the method of forming these characters be very difficult, especially for one who has had a little practice. The characters written above are also sufficiently suited to the German language, since with them we can denote all things that occur to us, in whatever speech we are skilled. Whenever iota is placed by itself, so that it may be known to denote the letter k, the tenth of the alphabet, it is marked above thus: ī.

Concerning the Alphabet and Method of Writing of the Ancient Franks.

[unclear]

The opinion of very many holds that the Germans once had letters from the Greeks, and they affirm firmly that they used the Greek language, especially in their sacred rites. For they say that there is a great consonance between the Greek language and our own, although the long interval of time has utterly extinguished that agreement. That most learned man, once my teacher, Johannes Camerarius Dalburgius, most reverend bishop of the church of Worms, had collected some thousands of Greek words which have the same meaning in both languages, Greek and German. And Caesar testifies in his Commentaries that the ancient Druids, the priests of sacred rites in Gaul, used the Greek language, especially in sacred matters. But when the Romans were devastating the world, they at length violently imposed the use of their own letters, together with their dominion, upon many nations. Finally the remnants of the Trojans, who afterward were called Franks, in the four-hundred[unclear] year before the incarnation of the Lord in the [unclear]-fortieth, having gone out from the borders of the Scythians, with King Marcomer furnishing leadership, they came into Germany, and received settlements from their Saxon brothers at the mouths of the Rhine. Thereafter, for nine hundred and fifty years, waging almost continual war with the Romans and Gauls, as Hunibald is the authority, they finally subjected almost all Europe to their command or kingdom. Yet, once they had received the letters of the Romans, they did not destroy them, but rather, being themselves mingled among the Germans and Gauls, they learned their language, and preserved their letters and the form of their writings. Vuasthaldus, a writer of the histories of this people, wrote books in his native speech on the deeds of kings, dukes, and princes over nearly seven hundred and fifty-eight years, with the characters appended, as Hunibald says, which he mentions in his volume that he published in eighteen books on the origin of the Franks.

Unless the fault of the scribe has deceived me, I have, as I think, suitably reproduced the alphabet of Wasthaldus; in it some characters differ entirely from the Greek, while some also seem partly to resemble them. Yet I do not know what I should judge: whoever their inventor may have been, although he did not preserve the form of the Greek letters, he nevertheless observed the order of the letters. The codex, falling apart from excessive age, could scarcely be read; hence I fear that I have rather been deceived by some interpolator than found the true and certain opinion of Hunibald.

But let us pass on to the things that remain, since if Hunibald's statement is true, it will have been well written by us; but if it is someone's fiction, it will neither harm us nor do injury to the reader. Another fictitious alphabet follows, found in the codex of Hunibald, to which this was inscribed:

The alphabet of the Franks, which Doracus invented.

Whoever wishes to use the characters written above should know that they are to be written beneath the lines, in the manner of the Greeks, not above as the Latins do. Likewise it must be observed that, of the double letters, the first are written at the beginning and in the middle of words, but the second always at the end.

From the grammarians of Otfridus, monk of Wissembourg.

We have read that Charles, king of the Franks, surnamed the Great, taking pity on the barbarism of his nation, with Nanno, Theobald, Albinus, and Berenger as helpers, attempted to bring the German language under rule. And although, as Turpin bears witness, he had begun so arduous a work, he did not complete it, being delayed by frequent incursions of wars, but, overtaken by death, left it unfinished; nor did another arise after him who would recall concern for this matter to his mind. But Otfridus, the aforesaid monk, formerly hearer and disciple of Rabanus Fuldaensis, under Louis the Pious, son of that Charles, having mastered that grammar, albeit imperfectly, wrote many things in our German language, which seem to sound with a remarkable weight of regular instruction, in meter both grave and elegiac; moreover he also composed some things in prose to Louis, king of Germany, son of Louis the Pious and brother of the emperor Lothar; also to Orgarius, archbishop of Mainz, to the monks of Saint Gall, and to others. Having obtained fragments of this grammar, I too have extracted the present characters of the alphabet from many, lest they utterly perish. Moreover it is established, on Otfridus' testimony, that Charles devised several alphabets of his own, by which he could safely use his very broad kingdom in secret matters with the individual prefects. From these, with Otfridus supplying them, we commit a few things to these letters.

Charles, the great king and most Christian emperor, fought with the Saxons for not less than thirty years; finally overcoming them by the sword, he converted them to the Christian faith. But fearing lest they should again apostatize from the faith, as they had done many times, he appointed certain secret investigators, to whom he granted judicial power, who, traveling through all Saxony, should secretly and diligently inquire concerning the faith and morals of the people; and whoever they found to have apostatized from the faith, robbers, adulterers, blasphemers, despisers of the church or of its priests and commands, or [those guilty] of notorious crimes against the Christian disturbing the public [peace?], or recalling or soliciting the people to paganism, they were, without delay, by imperial and royal authority and with impunity, to hang with a noose or otherwise kill as they could. But so that this institution might remain forever unshaken, he gave the same men power to substitute also others, fit under certain conditions, who, enjoying the aforesaid faculty, might with impunity exercise the office of inquisition and death against the guilty. Finally he prescribed for them secret laws, hidden signs, and also the form of an oath, by which they might proceed justly in judging and punishing, and, known to one another, might remain hidden from others, and might forever preserve the necessary, more secret tribunal in Saxon land. They also used certain alphabets among themselves for a time, which nevertheless in the end fell wholly out of use. Yet the office of an inquisition of this kind remains down to the present time, whose ministers are commonly called Feimers.

pleasing. For no one, however learned or trained in any language, becomes even a good writer unless by long practice of writing he has changed usage into art. Another also follows.

| θ | a | 2 | g | 3 | n | o | t | | i | b | ψ | h | 9 | o | q̄ | v | | s | e | ∞ | l | x | p | τ | x̄ | | δ | d | T | k | H | q | φ | ȳ | | R | e | 8 | ī | V | r | s | z̃ | | χ | X | λ | m | φ | s | d | w̄ | If anyone according to his own judgment wishes to devise a new alphabet for himself, he should know that two things in particular must be observed, which, however, I do not always find [observed?] in the foregoing. The first is that he form characters easy to draw; and the simpler they are, the better they will be. The second is that he arrange the individual letters so that, joined into words, they present a beautiful and elegant appearance. I add a third, not promised: if you wish the writing to remain secret, make some letters of the alphabet double, after the manner of the Hebrews.

The alphabet of [Hichus?], ancient seer of the Franks.

| Ω | * | q̄ | g | x̄ | m | ℈ | q̄ | † | o | | ♏ | b | v̄ | h | n | r | ϕ | w̃ | ɔ̃ | ỹ | | δ | c | φ | i | Γ | o | y | χ̄ | x̄ | z̄ | | ♔ | d | ḣ | k | E | p | sc | X̄ | ʒ̄ | | ♖ | e | X̄ | ī | F | ph | Y | Iͥch | ꝓ | ch̄ | | λ | f | X̄ | m | E | v̄r | N | t | ꝑ | ȳ | This Frank [Hicbus?] came with Marcomer from the borders of Scythia to the mouths of the Rhine in Germany, and is said to have invented these characters as a supplement to the German language; they seem to agree with it fairly well in many respects. Pharamund also, king of the Franks in Germany, the forty-third after Marcomer, who had brought in the people, died in the year of the Lord’s nativity 426; when he had sent his scouts through Gaul for the purpose of invasion, he ordered them to write with such characters.

| z | a | z | g | N | n | M | t | | P | b | K | h | R | o | p | v | | q̃ | c | m | I | M | p | x | r | | S | d | H | k | Z | j | y | y | | M | e | l | ĩ | T | r | h | z | | J | F | ß | m | Z | s | ξ | w | Besides that alphabet of the Northmen which we placed at the beginning of this sixth book, we have also found the following written out in Bede, which we commit to writing.

| A | X | G | P | n | I | t | | D | V | h | P | O | L | v | | P | C | L | I | N | P | Π | χ | | Q | d | Y | k | U | q | Υ | u | | H | E | L | R | T | Τ | ɔ | | P | F | E | m | T | s | ψ | w | From Latin letters also manifold alphabets are made, when, either reduced to number according to the pattern that we handed down in the preceding fifth book, or otherwise, in imitation of the Northmen, together also with Greek letters, they furnish us a very secure method of announcing whatever we wish. Let us accordingly set the letters themselves, unusually changed, according to the number and order of our customary alphabet, and we shall have a secret and mystical method of writing, quite beautiful and elegant, confirmed by practice. This method of numbering, however, is different from that which we placed in the fifth book, and more suitable to our purpose.

| a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t v x y z | | 1 | | | | | | | | | 20 | | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10000 | | | | | | 80 | | 900 | | | | | | | | 1000 | | | | | | | | | | 10000 | | | | | | | 80 | | 100 | 100000 | | | | | | | bꝰ | 2000 | 30000 | 40000 | | | | | | gq | | | | | | | | | hq | | 50000 | | | | | | | qz | | 60000 | | 70000 | | | | | | pꝫ | | 80000 | | | | With these principles of numbering by our letters rightly understood, it will now be easy to bring a number to any progression whatever, as has been shown plainly enough in the preceding book. Now let us arrange an alphabet from these.

| a b c d e f g i k l m n o r t u x y z | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | | 40 | | 50 | | 60 | | | | | | | | 70 | | | | 80 | | 90 | | | | | | | | | | | 100 | | | 11000 | | | | | | | | | | | | 120 | | 130 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 140 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 150 | You now have, from Latin letters, a foreign alphabet, such as, as we said above, the Northmen once made for themselves from Greek letters: | a b c d e f i k l m n o t u x y z | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | | 40 | | 50 | | 60 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 79 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 89 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 99 | | With this, provided the necessary diligence is observed, you may safely write to a friend who knows the device whatever you wish for the time being. Let us add another, which we judge safer.

| a | | o | | g | | t | | b | | p | | h | | y | | c | | q | | i | | v | | d | | r | | k | | w | | e | | i | | l | | x | | f | | s | | m | | z | | n | | a | | t | | m | | v | | u | | x | | c | | ɔ | | q | | y | | | ɔ | | r | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | | ɔ | Although in the Latin language we have no need of k, y, and w, nevertheless, because we use k and w in German, we have brought this alphabet also to the twenty-fourth number for extending it. This method of writing, moreover, can be varied in many ways at pleasure. [unclear] according to the will of every writer.

There follows another alphabet of Honorius, surnamed the Theban, by whose service he concealed his magical follies, as Peter of Abano testifies in his larger fourth book.

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q S T V W X Y Z I have also found another alphabet, newly devised by a certain alchemist, which he was accustomed to use in concealing his secrets, making a great estimate of his art, which contains little in itself besides words. For alchemy is loved by many, and is chaste.

◊ a ◊ b ◊ c ◊ d ◊ e ◊ f ◊ g ◊ h ◊ i ◊ k ◊ l ◊ m ◊ n ◊ o ◊ p ◊ q ◊ r ◊ s ◊ t ◊ u ◊ v ◊ x ◊ y ◊ z ◊ a ◊ b ◊ ♀ c ◊ d ◊ ♁ e ◊ f ◊ ♂ g ◊ h ◊ ♃ i ◊ j ◊ k ◊ l ◊ ♅ m ◊ n ◊ ♆ o ◊ p ◊ ♇ q ◊ r ◊ ♈ s ◊ t ◊ ♉ u ◊ v ◊ ♊ x ◊ ♋ y ◊ ♌ z Alchemy has many domestic handmaids and familiars, who guard their mistress with perpetual vigilance, and put themselves forward in her name, so that they may preserve her from intercourse with so many importunate lovers, untouched for all time. Vanity, fraud, deceitfulness, deception, sophification, greed, falsity, lying confidence, stupidity, want, poverty, despair, flight, proscription, and beggary are the attendants of alchemy, who, pretending to be the beloved mistress, keep her inviolate, and gladly offer themselves in her place to her moneyed, avaricious, greedy, and foolish seekers.

On the signs and wonderful but excessively laborious method of writing of M. T. Cicero, and afterward of Saint Cyprian, bishop and martyr.

Marcus Tullius Cicero, the eloquent orator of the Romans, wrote a book of signs of no small size, which Saint Cyprian, prelate of the Carthaginians, martyr, enlarged with many signs and words, adding vocabulary necessary for Christian uses, so that the work itself became not only more [unclear], but also [unclear] for the faithful.

The codex is rare, found by me only once, and bought at a cheap price. For in the year of the Lord’s Nativity 1496, when for love of books I was inspecting several libraries, I found the aforesaid codex in a certain monastery of our order, neglected through excessive age, cast away under dust and despised. I asked the abbot, a doctor of law, at what value he held it. He replied that he would prefer to it the little works of Saint Anselm, recently printed. I went to the booksellers, since the matter happened in a metropolitan city; I bought the requested little works of Anselm for a sixth part of a florin, gave them to the abbot and the rejoicing monks, and rescued the codex, already brought nearly to destruction. For, out of love of parchment, they had resolved that it should immediately be scraped.

Almost two years after this, when I went up to Strasbourg on business of my order, and was admitted by Johann Geiler of Kaysersberg, the distinguished preacher of the place, into the library of the greater church, I found a whole psalter written out in these same signs of Tullius and Cyprian, most fittingly written in gold at the head. But the title had been placed outside thus by someone ignorant of the mystery: “Psalter in the Armenian language.” I brought in a learned man, showed the falsity, and advised that it be retitled: “Psalter written in Ciceronian signs.” Whether he did so or not I am uncertain, since afterward I did not return to that library. That you may see, reader, the form of Cicero’s notation, we have determined to append a few signs.

[Table of signs and equivalents, partly unclear:] Vii = approves; W = modest; L = letter. 2i = approves; h = immodest; b = letter. 10 = wicked; M = moderate; g = syllable. 3 = upright; In = immoderate; k = time. A = uprightness; M = accommodating; t = [unclear]. B = wickedness; m = inconvenient; s = [unclear]. C = probable; T = accommodates; u = temporal. D = disapproves; S = beyond measure; v = extra-temporal. M = measure; H = in what way; y = man.

You need, indeed, a great memory for the method of writing, and an entirely immense labor of reading, where any character either signifies an entire word, or a final syllable, or some part of speech suitable for the composition of the whole. Therefore, all the signs being omitted, let us draw out an alphabet from a few.

[Alphabet of signs: unclear characters preserved in the Latin source.]

Many other new alphabets could also be formed from Cicero’s signs; we leave the drawing-out of them to the judgment of anyone who wishes to do it. For the book is very full, and contains many signs, notably differing from one another, all of which serve writers.

[Greek-letter alphabet.]

This was the alphabet of Iaimiclis, the great king of the [Articori?], surnamed Megalopius, a very wise man, which he used in secret matters; it too can be changed in many ways. To this, out of love for our prince, we have appended the following, in which, if it is more often used over time, writing will become easier.

[Greek-letter alphabet.]

How also by numbers and in many other various ways we can safely write any secrets whatever.

These things are childish, I admit, since everyone according to his own capacity and judgment can devise more numerous and more elegant alphabets than we have recorded in this volume. Therefore we knowingly omit many things which in a similar way are childish, common, and [unclear].

We judge it to be of little usefulness. We fear that someday we shall be ashamed to have turned our mind to these trifles, more useful matters having been set aside. But I pray that readers will spare me, since my own will did indeed draw me back from these childish studies, not to say at least partly vain ones; but the insistence of certain friends compelled me to write them, and indeed I could not refuse them this without injury to the bond of obligation contracted. Nevertheless, induced by their entreaty, I also had to connect the following chapter with the preceding matters, and to assign numbers for letters. For the ancients arranged various and manifold methods of writing under the figures of numbers, by which, through subtle invention, they safely transmitted their secrets to one another. Therefore, persuaded by the prayers of friends, we have placed a few methods out of many at the end of this sixth book, by which a path to knowledge of the others may lie open to those who do not know them. For if anyone delights to know these things, once these are known he will easily be able to ascend to higher matters, and to vary the methods discovered with manifold interchange at his own discretion. As the beginning of this matter, we have placed a table under the orchema, which, when the reading is varied in the manner of a cross, will contain ninety-six alphabets in itself.

Numerical orchema for letters.

[unclear table of letters and numbers]

First table of anomalous expansion.

| a w 25 | b c 97 | d e 124 | | w m 49 | z b 74 | f g 122 | | b z 26 | l s0 | c d 98 | | c y 27 | k s1 | y p7 | e F 122 | | d r 30 | i s2 | x c 76 | f g 123 | | u u 29 | h s3 | u X 77 | g b 124 | | t t 30 | c g 54 | t d 78 | h I 125 | | s s 31 | f s5 | s U 79 | i K 126 | | r r 32 | d e 56 | r e 80 | k L 127 | | q q 33 | u d 57 | q t 81 | l M 129 | | p p 34 | e c 58 | p f 82 | m N 130 | | o o 35 | t b 59 | o S 83 | n O 131 | | m m 36 | f a 60 | a g 84 | p Q 132 | | n n 37 | s n 61 | b r 85 | r T 133 | | o l 38 | g o 62 | c b 86 | s R 134 | | p k 39 | r p 63 | d q 87 | u X 135 | | q i 40 | h w 64 | e i 88 | t U 36 | | b b 41 | q z 65 | f p 89 | v Y 137 | | g g 42 | i y 66 | g k 90 | z Z 138 | | f f 43 | x x 67 | h o 91 | y Y 139 | | u u 44 | k u 68 | i l 92 | w W 140 | | x x 45 | o t 69 | k n 93 | a A 141 | | y y 46 | l s 70 | m w 94 | b B 142 | | z z 47 | n r 71 | m w 95 | c C 143 | | w w 48 | a q 72 | n a 96 | d D 144. | We do not expand the orchemata, being moved by a rational cause, because, since it ranges more widely in its progression, the immense labor has frightened the mind. We have also deliberately passed over unity, not assigning it a place; to set it before our inventions in due order we judge rash. For from those things which we have already shown by way of example, anyone who is fit in understanding will easily attain greater things. All things serve secrets.

Second table of anomalous expansion.

A 24 A^3 4 A 51 A 67 A 89 A 10 11 b 3 23 b^4 5 b 63 b 78 b 910 b 11 12 c 4 22 c^5 6 c 72 c 89 c 1011 c 12 13 d 5 21 d^6 7 d 84 d 910 d 1112 d 13 14 e 6 20 e^7 8 e 96 e 1011 e 1213 e 14 15 f 7 19 f 89 f 105 f 1112 f 1314 f 15 16 g 8 18 g^9 10 g 118 g 1213 g 1415 g 16 17 h 9 17 h^10 11 h 127 h 1314 h 1516 h 17 18 i 10 16 i 1112 i 1310 i 1415 i 1617 i 18 19 k 11 15 k^12 13 k 149 k 1516 k 1718 k 19 20 l 12 14 l^15 15 l 1617 l 1819 l 20 21 m 13 13 m^14 14 m 1516 m 1718 m 1920 m 21 22 n 14 12 n 1516 n 1712 n 1819 n 2021 n 22 23 o 15 11 o^16 16 o 1718 o 1819 o 2021 o 22 23 p 16 10 p^17 17 p 1819 p 2021 p 2223 p 24 25 q 17 9 q^18 18 q 1920 q 2021 q 2122 q 2324 q 25 26 r 18 8 r^19 20 r 2118 r 2223 r 2425 r 26 27 s 19 7 s^20 21 s 2223 s 2324 s 2526 s 27 28 t 20 6 t^21 22 t 2324 t 2526 t 2728 u 21 5 u^22 23 u 2425 u 2627 u 2728 u 29 30 x 22 4 x^23 24 x 2526 x 2627 x 2829 x 30 31 y 23 3 y^24 25 y 2627 y 2728 y 2930 y 31 32 z 24 2 z^25 26 z 2728 z 2829 z 3031 z 32 33 w 1 1 w^26 27 w 2829 w 2930 w 3132 w 33 34 Whoever wishes to observe the rule of the orchema will have an easy and ready method of writing, and likewise of reading, the things that are secret. But he who transgresses the norm of the art will have labor along with his wish.

In this figure we have placed, for each of the remaining six signs, individual alphabets by numbers, just as they are seen set beneath the Latin letters in order, so that anyone who wishes may more safely conceal his secrets by means of them.

We have, by God’s mercy, brought the sixth and last book of our Polygraphy to its close; in it, ending our discourse with the wandering stars, we give the reader advance warning on certain points.

First, whenever he uses the alphabet of any given [sign?], he should prudently attach it, for the sake of a double advantage. For by this excessive labor is removed from the friendly reader, and the secret will remain hidden, since anyone ignorant of the craft will suppose that a table written with numbers and marked beforehand with the characters of signs or planets pertains to the reckoning of astronomy, and will not at all suspect that any secret lies hidden. For that reason we have not taken up the official matter of the letters from unity, but from a distance, lest we give anyone any mark of suspicion. Nevertheless prudence must be used by writers, since a clever reader who is touched by suspicion of something hidden, if he discovers the function of one number, will easily calculate the whole alphabet.

Second, let anyone who desires to be a shrewd practitioner of this matter remember that whenever a letter is doubled in any word, as often happens, it should be written only once and marked above with a point. For example, I wish to write Ioannes from the alphabet of Aries: I do not double 18, which is n, but I write thus: 14. 19. 6. 13. 10. 23.; or abbas: 6 [unclear]. 6. 23.; Ioanes, abas, so that every mark of suspension may be removed. In similar cases, similar caution must be employed; for unless the practitioner is endowed with diligence and knows how to find greater things from small ones, he will not be fit to have these least things of ours disclosed to him.

Not all things are to be communicated indiscriminately to everyone, especially those whose use can be turned to good and evil. Moved reasonably by that consideration, we have plainly handed down many things in these six books of the Polygraphy to those wishing to know, but we have allowed far more secrets to lie hidden beneath manifest things. Finally, we have written out a key that unfolds the whole work, explaining how each metaphor is to be understood; nevertheless, by the advice of certain persons, we have ordered it to remain hidden at home, so that students may not lack material for exercising their memory, and the wicked may be deprived of the means of knowing those things which they are not willing to use well. There lie hidden in each step ...more mysteries; and the greater things you find from these, the greater things remain to be found. A way is prepared for beginners, in which, as they advance, it will not be difficult in the course of time to find many things, both rare and very great. Here one who did not know how will learn to write in Latin, and prudently to wrap all the mysteries of his will in a foreign speech. But that an unlearned man may be able to understand not only his own mysteries which he wraps up, but also open speech, of which until now he has always been ignorant, is a matter of no great labor, if the paraphrast has fully attained our intention in this volume. For beneath the bark lie hidden the kernels of our Steganographia, buried for good reason, lest they lie open to unworthy babblers. Finally, it had been worth the effort that one work should not prejudice the other, but that its own right should be distributed inviolate to each. Wearied after a long voyage, we here cast anchor in the deep under the name of JESUS CHRIST, savior of the faithful, on the twenty-first day of the month of March, in the year of the Lord’s nativity 1508, in the eleventh Roman indiction, at Paeapolis, the city of the East Franks, which they also call Würzburg and Herbipolis.

Here is the end of the sixth book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot at St. James in Würzburg, formerly of Sponheim, of the order of the divine father Benedict.

Printed at the cost and expense of the most upright bookseller Johannes Haselberg of Aia, of the diocese of Constance, in the year 1518, in the month of July.

Key to the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of St. James of Herbipolis, formerly of Sponheim, of the order of Saint Benedict, of the observance of the fathers of Bursfelde.

With a privilege that it is not to be printed or sold by another for ten years, under penalty as stated in the letters.

Johannes Trithemius.

Preface to the Explanation of the Whole Work of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Paeopolis, that is, Würzburg, at St. James.

No one who has read these things, as I trust, will judge me either proud or superfluous, because I myself have commented on the Polygraphia recently composed by me, especially if he has been able to weigh precisely what cause induced us to speak obscurely. For whatever can do harm when made public had reasonably to be hidden in mystical speech. But the subject which we treat in the Polygraphia is, for the advantage of the commonwealth among good men, very good, useful, and honorable; and for this reason, persuaded by a reasonable cause, we wrote it, so that by its service we might render good men safe and secure from the investigation of the wicked in communicating their secrets to one another. But lest an occasion of deceiving the simpler and less cautious in their judgment of things be offered to wicked and perverse men, who very often abuse even the inventions of the good, we handed down in it mystical or hidden modes of writing, and covered the truth hidden in the marrow with certain coverings of figures. Yet we do not in the least doubt that any industrious man, desirous of these things, will easily grasp everything, if he applies even moderate perseverance in searching them out. For the things I have handed down are neither so difficult nor wrapped in such great mysteries that they cannot be thoroughly penetrated by a studious man. For everywhere we have so tempered the enigmas of our words that they may easily be passable to learned and studious men, while nevertheless remaining inaccessible to lazy men of darkness. But after it pleased us to offer the work of the Polygraphia itself, dedicated, to the most serene and unconquered Caesar of the Romans, Maximilian, ever august emperor of the world, I judged that it would be worthwhile if I made it clear with brief and few interpretations.

and plain, lest the mind of the sacred Majesty, which is daily stretched by many affairs and cares, be drawn away from the understanding of it by the obscurity of mysteries. For, unless my opinion deceives me, the work will be the more welcome and useful to his Majesty the briefer and clearer it is. First, therefore, by the Lord’s bounty, we shall briefly explain the meaning of our purpose, which is contained in the prologue wrapped in various riddles; then, through the individual books of the Polygraphy, we shall set forth succinctly, to the powers of our talent, the modes of working, the rules, cautions, and individual differences, in order, as far as remains necessary.

All these things, so that they may the more quickly become accessible to those who desire to know them, we shall show in sequence by examples, and we shall be as brief as the subject and reason permit.

Key to the Explanation of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of [Peapolis?].

Exposition on the Prologue.

Our whole intention in the entire work of the Polygraphy turns upon this purpose: that we should hand down certain methods of writing secretly, by which kings and princes, nobles and commoners, priests and laymen, learned and unlearned alike, may secretly, safely, and without any suspicion of a hidden secret, by the service of letters, announce to one another and to any friends, even those at a great distance from one another, whatever conception of their minds may be needed, and as often as needed. And lest we seem to have attempted this either first or alone, we forewarn the reader that many of the ancients long ago, especially tyrants, princes, and kings, moved by similar consideration, devised for themselves familiar and various methods and rules of writing, by which they themselves attempted in particular what we have promised universally in our Polygraphy. From their number, for the sake of an example of the proposed matter, we first introduced Caesar Augustus, whose hidden mode of writing take as plainly thus.

He changed the breathings of the conceived voice from clear signs into obscure ones; by a certain fine invention of metathesis, by [unclear], he makes their barbarousness, though resisting the vows, conform to his command. That is: the great Caesar Augustus, so that he might write secretly and safely what he wished, changed the letters of the alphabet by varied transposition, so that he put b for a, c for b, and so consequently with each one. And so that the writing, being more twisted, might remain more secret, he transposed the letters at his pleasure sideways and lengthwise to whatever distance of order, number, and place.

Mystery. And that deceptive order, as though perpetual, subject to the will and to the reckoning of time, although it keeps messengers safe on the road from the assault of [unclear], nevertheless, since it has no regulated limits, makes all who meet them anxious with suspicion of a hidden matter.

Explanation. Although no one can easily comprehend with the understanding the hidden mystery lying beneath the transposition of the letters, nevertheless this writing makes those into whose hands it comes suspicious about the hiding-place of the matter enclosed within.

Mystery. That Archimedes of Syracuse, easily the foremost of mathematicians, made a white bird, suitable to his instructions, naked by head and feet, and the rest.

Explanation. Archimedes had two little rods of one length and thickness planed, round or square, of which he kept one for himself and entrusted the other to his absent friend. And whenever either wished to write something rather secret to the other, he wrapped a white bird, that is, a sheet of papyrus, of small width but of the length of the doubled rod, around the wood, and tied it below and above with wax. Afterwards he wrote on the sheet, continuously from the sides joined artfully together into a mass, whatever he wished; then he loosened the sheet from the rod, and immediately there appeared such a distance between the letters that not even one word cohered with another. He turned the sheet, and when he wished he wrote to himself on the other side. Nor was there anyone ignorant of this device who could have investigated [unclear]. But the man who had the other rod, when he had received the sheet, fastened it on and recalled the letters into their former order.

Mystery. Marcus Tullius Cicero, eloquent orator of the Romans, using talent and art, changed the little elements of phrase into signs, and the rest.

Explanation. He wrote a book of signs for his son, which the blessed martyr Cyprian afterwards enlarged for the use of Christians, namely in the manner of a dictionary …where, according to order, are placed first the characters or notes, and after them the words designated by the same characters, so that any word is signified by a note prefixed to it. With these notes or characters we once saw an entire Latin psalter, beautifully written, in the library of the greater church of Strasbourg; to which some judge of matters, ignorant, had prefixed on the outside a title such as this: "A Psalter in the Armenian tongue." But he erred, since it ought rather to have been written thus: "A Latin Psalter written in Tullian [Tironian] characters." For each character represents one entire Latin word. Nor does the estimation deceive me, since I have by me, written whole in an old volume, the very dictionary of Cicero, emended by Saint Cyprian—incorrupt—which I have nowhere seen elsewhere. And so great is the abundance of notes or characters, with the words subjoined to them, that they altogether suffice for writing in the Latin tongue whatever you wish.

Mystery. Pharamund, the forty-third [king] from Marcomer, king of the Franks, when in the year of the Lord's nativity 424 he powerfully entered the borders of the Gauls, etc. Explanation. The kings of the Franks, from the time when they went out from the Scythian borders, in the year 430 before Christ's nativity, with their people to the mouths of the Rhine—where now Guelderland sits—waged continual war with the Gauls for nearly nine hundred years, and at last violently made them subject [to themselves], as we wrote in the first volume of our annals. Of these [kings], the aforesaid king Pharamund, that he might safely send messengers through the kingdom, devised new letters proper to himself, which no one could understand without his voluntary instruction. And he used not one alphabet only, nor few, but many new alphabets. Mystery. Clodius the Long-haired, son of Pharamund, and after him king of the Franks, who subjugated all Gaul to himself, the Romans being destroyed whom he found in it, used [the cipher-arts] of his father's invention in secret writings. Explanation. This king devised proper and new alphabets, and gave single [ones] to each of his dukes, and retained the knowledge with himself alone. Mystery. Charles by name the Great, the sixty-third king of the Franks, who first of the Franks bore the diadem of the Roman empire, etc. Explanation. He is read to have been born the elder son of king Pippin, duke of Brabant, in the county of Namur, bordering on the Liège-men—although some report him born in the village of Ingelheim, not far from Mainz—[and] he too invented various modes of writing, and, Nanno the grammarian ministering [his] support, devised diverse alphabets, by which he communicated secrets, each in a singular manner, to the several prefects of the kingdom. Mystery. The Normans, once gone out from the borders of Gothia, when they devastated Gaul with cruel invasion, having called owls from Greece, prepared a safe hiding-place for their secrets, etc. Explanation. The Normans, ranging through Gaul (Bede the monk in England testifying), that they might safely write their secrets among themselves, substituted Greek numeral [letters] for the Latin letters, from a, the first, up to the four-and-twentieth, [with] a point such as w or gu, according to the custom of the Gauls. But this mode of writing is altogether most beautiful, in which all the letters are Greek, and according to the Pelasgian order of numbering designate our Latin [letters]: as a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4, e = 5, f = 6, g = 7, and so consequently up to w, which is 24. This writing neither a Greek will understand, nor a Latin, unless he has first learned the manner of the industrious art. Mystery. Our Bede, a monk in England, not ignorant of what the Normans did, described many [things] like these of the ancients' inventions, by which they made an obscure way lucid through mysteries. He himself [described] arthrology [finger-counting], etc. Explanation. This Bede the monk, in his little book on the inventions of the ancients, recounted many various modes of secretly writing and noting, by which they safely announced their secrets to friends, and spoke without voice to those present. He first of all committed arthrology [and] dactylology [finger-speech] to letters, by the use of which the one most securely discloses to the other whatever secret he wishes—which no one else standing by will note, and much less understand. That this very [thing] can be done in many other ways, Bede himself taught; concerning which, since we have written nothing in the Polygraphy, we here deservedly refuse to say more. A proper place for these very arduous matters we long ago assigned in the Steganography, which we do not yet think to publish. And who could express all the modes of the ancients' secret writing? For some had as familiars, in the ministry of the aforesaid art, "owls" [bubones] called Philophoti [light-lovers], others Mysophoti [light-haters], others called both into practice by [the] art; again others transposed the known letters of the common alphabet; others, under the guise of barbarians, devised proper characters for themselves.

others used the service of visible letters, writing with minium or with common ink, while others formed invisible characters at their own will, at a nod. The methods of visible characters for secret writing are exceedingly many, and altogether innumerable; to make mention of them all is neither our wish nor within our power. Of invisible characters, however, there are three kinds more commonly used among mortals today. The first is called Dermatic, by which a certain artificial writing is made on the backs of messengers, visible only by the washing of a certain fluid; no one can penetrate it who does not know the secret of the art. The second is called Hyphasmatic, by which one writes on cloth with certain substances; when dried, it cannot be seen at all until, moistened in cold water, it is perceived. The third kind is named Alleotic; it is manifold and varied, both in form and in material, and has almost innumerable methods of writing secretly. Its writing is made on paper or without paper, with [unclear], with [unclear], and with various other things. Letters likewise are written in various ways and hidden in places, as under [unclear], under [unclear], in [unclear], in [unclear], in [unclear], [unclear], in [unclear], in [unclear], and in other almost infinite things of the same sort. But because none of these things at this time serves our purpose, we must therefore hasten to those things which reason requires. There is another kind, Dactiletron, not of writing, however, but of signs, by which, in very subtle ways, one can communicate to another the conception of his mind. This itself is varied by so many differences that there is no one in the world who could enumerate all the species of so great a mystery. By the principal method, together with many others descending from it, one may, by art, while sitting at table or in any other place, securely and most safely communicate whatever one wishes to a person who knows the art, without anyone’s suspicion. Finally, how without letters you may disclose the secret of your mind to one absent, even when the very person who performs the office of messenger does not know it, remains written among the inventions of steganography. For indeed, since kings and princes encounter many affairs, knowledge of which they sometimes do not trust to give safely enough by customary letters to their deputies far away, it will be worthwhile for each of them to have some special methods of writing and announcing, by which they may most safely make their secrets known to friends, especially in these times, in which, with license to sin prevailing, nowhere in the world is secure faith found.

Messengers of princes are seized everywhere by savage robbers; they are plundered, beaten, and for the most part killed. Nor do the impious robbers spare even the letters of kings, closed and sealed with rings. Therefore it would be necessary for your commonwealth, O most glorious Emperor Maximilian, that you put on the skin of Hercules and brandish the club in your hands, and purge the world committed to you by God of these savage monsters. There will never be peace in the kingdom unless the [unclear] are removed from the midst. He who disturbs the peace of the kingdom shows himself to be the king’s enemy. These are the robbers who beset the roads of travelers and seize others’ property; the earth is full of them today, and nowhere is the road safe for those who walk.

Brief Explanation of Those Things Which Seem More Obscure in the First Book of the Polygraphia

Although nothing obscure is contained in the first book of the Polygraphia, nevertheless, lest its composition perhaps seem profound to simpler readers, we briefly explain those things which are thought more difficult. We have distributed the words of the Latin language, in order, more than nine thousand of them, under almost four hundred alphabets, in such a sequence that if from each alphabet only one word after another is taken from the beginning to the end, cohering mutually with one another they will produce a fitting Latin discourse. For it will be a very suitable method of writing most secretly whatever we wish, since each word represents the letter placed before it at the head. Nor should it trouble you, reader, that a multitude of words in the open contains a brief meaning in secret, since in this childish arrangement of ours there lies hidden a higher method of writing whatever you wish, much more broadly and much more secretly, which public reason has forbidden us to make plain to all. But whoever is endowed with talent and applies the necessary powers to inquiry will find, hidden in these teachings, subtler things wonderfully unknown before; he will plainly understand wonders. Nevertheless this suitable method of writing will suffice for all things, since the narration, though repeated so many times, is varied. For, as we said, from the first alphabet you take one word, and from the second likewise one, thus successively one from each, and one from those interposed outside the ordered line, up to the period or the end of the book, and a Latin discourse sufficiently fitting will arise for you. But care must be taken that at one time and all at once no more than one word be taken from one alphabet, and that the writer, through negligence or excessive haste, not skip over some alphabet and confuse the order of the narrative. By day understand the open narrative, but by night the hidden, secret one, which should not be very long but brief. The examples that follow in the text, concerning the invisible soul and the body that is seen, pertain to both narratives, the hidden and the manifest. As often as “the leaf is moved by the wind,” and the rest, we advise that you count the secret narrative with reference to the open one, so that both may end together at the close of each period. But if anything should remain over from the secret matter, let it be enlarged with such moderation that both narratives end at one point, lest a confusion of eclipse be produced. The remaining points that follow in the first lesson of the explanation of the Polygraphy are all implicitly referred to the things we have said. It must also be noted that under the order of the alphabets no word is vacant, but each represents the letter set before it at the head. So that the reader may not lack full knowledge of this matter, let us explain the sense by an example. Let us suppose the case that a worthless man asks, through you, to be advanced with some friend of yours; but you, in order to cut off importunate requests and yet not promote an unworthy man, determine to write more secretly to your friend through the petitioner himself, so that he may not understand: “Beware of that fellow, because he is a thief, a most wicked scoundrel.” Go to the first alphabet and write the word Conditor, which signifies C; in the second, clemens, which [unclear]; in the third, discernens, which represents [unclear]; in the fourth, mundana, signifies e. Now you have, in the hidden narrative, “beware.” Proceed consequently also through the other alphabets, [unclear] such a discourse: “The gracious Creator, discerning worldly things, may he impart seraphic pleasantness to those who ask, with all his saints in heaven, amen. The gentleness of the most glorious prince, everywhere reverently to be remembered by the saints, [unclear] by the best precepts us, most abject, [unclear] of the director of good things, to abandon, to await with every affection the glory of perpetual rest [unclear]. Therefore, O vain mockers, receive with instruction, [so that?] you may be able to enter the most blessed rejoicings of the archangels of the orthodox rewarder, most blessed in comeliness. Therefore flee back from the foulest honors of this pilgrimage, since you are most holily about to enter the most blessed delights of the kindly savior of the ages.” In this foregoing public narrative there is contained this sentence lying hidden in secret, namely: “Beware of that man, because he is a thief and a wicked, most vile fellow; but be silent, I pray.” Proceed in the same order as long as it is in all other cases whatsoever, and one must begin from the head as often as necessary, until you have enclosed the hidden narrative of your mystery openly. But the words that are placed outside the alphabetical order designate no letter, nor do they serve the hidden narrative, but they have been interposed because of a lack of synonyms, so that the sequence of the Latin discourse might be completed. For we were not always able to have so many words with the same signification, especially among pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections, that in place of the twenty-four wandering letters we could have made an alphabet, as is clearly evident after the eighth alphabet, where we placed two words outside the order, lest we leave the discourse defective. For thus we placed: “With all.” Thus: “When you live.” Of these the writer may take the two he wishes, so that the Latin discourse may be completed. Let him do likewise in the other cases, whenever he finds similar ones. We have adopted double w on account of our native speech, since we frequently need it in our German language. For he who is ignorant of the Latin language may write his hidden secret in German under a Latin discourse without any difficulty.

Now follow the rules or cautions to be observed in the operation of this book.

The first rule or caution warns you that the secret of your mind which you wish to announce to an absent friend, one who knows the art and has the book of Polygraphy, you should write as diligently as you can on a slip of paper, in the Latin language or in German, or in any other language you wish, provided it can be comprised in Roman letters. Then With the sheet written in this way, place it before you, so that for the individual letters of the secret you may suitably fit a word. For, as we have shown, in this practice of writing a whole word is taken. We gave an example a little earlier in the foregoing.

II. The second caution directs you that, as has been said, you should not take more than one word at a time from any alphabet in one narrative of public Latin speech; otherwise you would both confuse the open meaning and wholly draw away from understanding of the mystery the friend to whom you had written.

III. Thirdly, take the greatest care that through negligence you do not pass over any alphabet from which you do not take one word appropriate to the secret. Likewise provision must be made that whenever one word or more occurs outside the sequence of the alphabet, you take the whole upper line, or the lower, and not both.

IV. Fourthly, care must be taken that whenever the discourse of the open speech has been brought to a complete sentence, the following sentence should take its beginning from a larger, thickened letter, according to the form of the preceding example, in which, according to the sense of the Latin discourse, we took capital letters at the beginning and small letters in the rest, in the common manner. When the secret of your mind is long, so that it exceeds the narrative of the open speech, if much remains you should begin again from the beginning; if little remains, the discourse may be brought back at pleasure from any place whatever. For no one even moderately skilled in this craft will be able not to know where you have begun again. Nor is there need to fear the harmony of the speech, since it will always be varied by the manifest narrative together with the hidden one; whenever a beginning is made from the start, a new face of the discourse will follow. A continuation can also be made from the end of the first book through the second.

V. Fifthly, we advise that whenever you wish to write in earnest by this art, you prepare for yourself a small book in which you write your secret mystery in manifest discourse. Whoever sees or reads this little book will not think that any secret lies hidden, nor, if he has a suspicion, will he be able to find anything of what you write.

VI. Sixthly, it should be noted that if, throughout the whole Polygraphia, you transpose the order of the words in each alphabet by changing the arrangement, and if you write two volumes according to it, one for yourself and the other for any friend, you will write between yourselves, with complete security, whatever you wish, nor is there any man living on earth who could penetrate your secrets. This transposition, however, can be made in infinite ways.

VII. Seventhly, we forewarn you that one must write polygraphically in one way to a man ignorant of the Latin language, and in another way to one skilled in it. For the former all words must be written out in full, without abbreviation, distinctly, completely, beautifully, and altogether legibly, without separation, without division, without confusion, lest, deceived by error, he think one word to be two, or suppose two to be one. The things that are set down must be heeded.

VIII. Eighthly, provision must be made that the person to whom you write mystically by this art should have a book wholly like yours; otherwise you would write in vain and fruitlessly to one who does not understand.

IX. Ninthly, if you wish this craft to remain forever secret and hidden, write out the Polygraphia anew, but do not place the letters of the alphabet before the words; no one will easily suspect the method of the secret. But so that no difficulty in the mystery may occur to the writer or reader, let the letters of the alphabet be written on a small sheet in the order corresponding to the words, and let it be fitted movably to the headings of the same words. The letters can also be engraved on a copper plate, so that they may be moved from one order to another.

X. Tenthly, it should be known that although we do not use the Pythagorean y in German and Latin words, nevertheless we have admitted it on account of the Greek language, so that we might have the twelvefold number doubled. Likewise we have received the doubled w as the twenty-fourth letter, which for us is altogether necessary in the German language.

XI. Eleventhly, let the person who receives letters written from the Polygraphia to be read know that intelligence is needed in the reading. And therefore, whenever he takes up a sheet or little book written polygraphically, let him go to a secret place, and, opening the book of the Polygraphia which he must have with him, let him consider each word through all the alphabets, and what letter each one represents; with chalk upon a table, or with ink on paper, let him note it very carefully. And when he has examined the whole letter in that way, let him put the letters together into words, and he will easily understand what lay hidden in secret.

XII. Twelfthly, let kings and princes note, who have many vicars in different places, to all of whom it is not safe to write with one kind of hidden narrative. Therefore, so that they may have their own secret mode of writing to each one individually, let them change the order of the words as many times as

[unclear] to have separate ones. And thus they themselves will possess all the methods of writing, and none of the subjects will understand another’s method. For the variable methods of writing more secretly in this art are infinite.

Thirteenth, it should be noted that, to stop the mouths of those who speak unjustly, we show the truth of this new invention of ours to be possible by placing the words in the alphabets of the first book so that they cohere with one another, and in the manner of an exhortation and supplication offered to God they produce a fitting and Latin prayer. Under its narrative we can conceal whatever secrets occur to us, and write in such a way to a friend skilled in the art that, if all the men in the whole world were to come together into one place, they would never be able to find the secret lying hidden beneath the open discourse, provided it has been arranged correctly.

Fourteenth, it should be known that in this very invention of our Polygraphy there still lie hidden certain things far better than those written above, namely how you will be able, in a few days, not to say hours, to instruct one ignorant of the Latin language so that he knows how to write, read, speak, and understand Latin, not indeed all things universally, but in a certain manner whatever necessary thing may occur to him on any subject in his affairs. Likewise, how you may make known to your friend far absent, and knowing the practice of the art, all the conceptions of your mind safely, securely, and most secretly, without writings and without the messenger’s knowledge, sometimes even naturally without a messenger and without any superstition, danger, or fear. But reason has moved us that these things remain buried, hidden with the rest in their own concealment, since it neither pleases me nor is at all expedient to cast precious stones, once found, away, and to accomplish difficult things without the fruit of gratitude. Finally, there lie hidden beneath these no small mysteries of subtlety concerning medicines, herbs, plants, precious stones, rivers, the members of the human body, brute animals, saints, nations, cosmography, astronomy and the seven liberal arts, also concerning all these things that are held in human use, and concerning the universal world, both of visible and invisible things. And lest we be more lengthy than is right: all things that are in the world, through the enlargement of demonstrated likeness, serve the mystical teaching of the art of Polygraphy.

Fifteenth, note that all these things which we have transmitted as discovered in the Polygraphy are certain small introductions in comparison with those which still remain to be discovered and written in this same faculty; concerning these we pass over in silence, lest we seem to boast vainly. For we have given to those endowed with talent an occasion for discovering greater things than we have either written or perhaps have been able to discover. Let him who can add, for the completion of this invention, the things which he knows to be useful; but let him who cannot do so not rashly judge things he does not understand.

An explanation of those things which seemed rather obscure in the second book of the Polygraphy.

In the second book of the Polygraphy, apart from the order and sequence of the words, nothing new is handed down from the first, and for that reason there will be one and the same method of working in both. All the things which we said in the first book had to be observed, we carefully advise must also be observed in the second. Only in the narrative of the prayer is a manifest difference seen to have arisen, since the former is composed concerning our Lord, the Son of God, whereas this one is raised to his mother, the ever-untouched Virgin. In the second book, moreover, three hundred and eight alphabets are set in order before the words, under different subjects. For from the beginning the narrative of the discourse is directed to that Lady of ours; afterwards the Lord’s Prayer is expanded under twenty-four alphabets; then the angelic salutation is appended; consequently the Salve Regina; and last a brief prayer concerning Saint Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary, parent of God. In all books of the Polygraphy one must beware lest a single word be duplicated in any alphabetical order, that is, lest it be placed twice, or lest any be omitted, because it would make great confusion for the reader. Therefore one must take the greatest care that the copies be in every respect emended and corrected exactly, lest you fall into error while writing. But if, through the negligence of the scribe or the carelessness of the printer, you find some word duplicated under one alphabet, erase the last one and put in its place another suitable word which has not already been in the same alphabet. Know also that these two books of our Polygraphy sufficiently serve the promised operation; through them you may not only write most safely and securely to friends whatever you wish at any time you will be able to announce, but also, without any suspicion, to make a man wholly ignorant of the Latin language, provided only that he knows how to form letters, an instructed participant in this art, something which we believe had previously been unheard of in such a manner. But because this method of writing secretly, under a long narrative of open discourse, comprises rather few statements of hidden intention, it will perhaps be usable only in great and difficult matters, especially among those to whom leisure is pleasing and labor displeasing. We shall therefore give, in the four following books, easier methods of writing, although they are by no means free from the suspicion of observers, because they are far removed from understanding and [unclear].

In the Steganographia, however, the methods of writing very secretly without any suspicion are more abundant, where a word does not represent a letter, but each word represents another whole word suitable to the mystery. Let us set down an example of this: if you wish to forewarn a friend about some imminent danger, under such a narrative of words: Melancius, Tyberius, Ioannes Petrus, servants of the count de Asoto, have conspired to kill you; on the fourth day after Lawrence, at night, they will surround your house; consider what you should do. Steganography conceals this secret as follows: I beg you, dearest friend, to send me by the bearer of the present letter ten florins as a loan, because they are very necessary to me for the construction of a certain building; I shall faithfully repay them to you. Who would seek or suspect that this secret lay hidden in the discourse written above? Let us set down the same thing also in another narrative. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, who for our sake wished to become man, to suffer, and to die, have mercy on me, an unworthy sinner, now in the perishable hour of my death. Behold, now you have one hidden thought of your heart, veiled under the bounds of steganography in a faithful brevity of speech, in a twofold narrative; the whole world will not even be able to suspect it, nor, if it sought for a hundred years, to find it in any way, even if all the learned came together. Finally, steganography teaches you to hide this very secret thought of your heart not only in one or two of the narratives written above, but in almost infinitely many, by the method now described, and to announce it to whomever you wish most safely, most secretly, and most securely. All methods of this kind of invention can also be changed by metathesis in infinite variations, and by them everything can be written and announced. But why the work on steganography remains buried in silence has been sufficiently said at the beginning of our Polygraphia; therefore it was not to be repeated here. Let it lie hidden, then, lest it be seen by the ungrateful.

An explanation of the obscure matters contained in the third book of our Polygraphia.

In the third book of the Polygraphia we have handed down a newly devised method of secret writing, sufficiently safe and secure indeed, but suspect to all observers of containing a hidden secret. For no one, however learned, will discover the hidden mystery without knowledge of the instruction, since he cannot even understand the open writing. We arrange fabricated words, representing nothing in themselves, but only the letters of the alphabet set before them; by means of these you will be able to write and make known all the secrets of your mind to a friend, however far absent, with the greatest safety. But the unskilled and ignorant of the art, when they see the writing, will think it is some foreign language, and will be utterly ignorant of what it contains. When you wish to write or announce something to an absent person according to the method of this book, take care first of all that you properly separate every single word from the others, so that each one can be most clearly distinguished from another, lest the person to whom you write take one word for two, or two for one, because that would produce a great error. Let us set down an example of this: Abrin madon badis, cadulur pasu, adin loroff masara damis, boda omo dromi drus mastron pha lares medas raffut ma debor tara, mesen baiu phofat, galos, prosol fane lemoros, aroso habilneso, hamol heliet rhamil fesia doron hubur rodex. In this narrative of fictitious speech there is contained this brief hidden statement of a friend warning a friend of danger: Do not come to court, because the king is angry with you. You see that this method of writing and announcing whatever you wish to a friend who understands it is easy, safe, and secure. In all cases, however, you should know that care must be taken, as was said before, lest again you skip over any alphabet. As often as the narrative B iij

[unclear] of the fabricated discourse to the end of the book, the secret of your mind not yet completed, you should begin again from the beginning, and do this as often as will be necessary. Nevertheless, each person will be able, at his own discretion, to change, alter, improve these words of ours, and add more, yet in such a way that he avoids a sequence of sound breaking out disgracefully into words.

Explanation of the fourth book of our Polygraphia.

In the fourth book of the Polygraphia, in similar fashion, we have placed words fabricated by us in alphabetical order, but in one thing alone we deliberately differ from the preceding book. For in the preceding book the words contain no property in themselves other than that they represent the letters set before them at the head. But in the fourth book, which we now have in hand, each word contains its own force, and nevertheless designates the letters placed before it. Within it has what they show without, because the second letter of each word always serves the hidden mystery, which we shall make plain by the following example. Ecorach banasar dulay semalas, chorion suriel anephor schabarbas, busarat uimalo tropon tumelech amasar. For understanding the mystery of this, take only the second letter from each word, and you will find this hidden meaning: Beware this man. For the second letter in Ecorach is c, in banasar a, in dulay u, in semalas e. Join these four letters and they will make this word: Caue. And so one should proceed in the rest up to the end of the book; and if any hidden mystery remains to be written, one should return to the beginning as often as necessary, until the secret has been completed in full. In this very secret manner of writing, if someone has been practiced by long use, he does not need the book, but will easily compose on the spot words suited to his purpose. But one who is less practiced in composition necessarily requires a copy of the book from which he may write. The reader will not need a copy of the volume, since without the book, by means of the second letters everywhere, he can easily find the hidden secret. Yet in great, difficult, or dangerous matters, this manner of writing will not be trusted with sufficient safety, because by the diligence of a skilled man the hidden mystery could be discovered by chance. This manner of writing can also be changed by an intelligent man, so that the signifying letters are placed in the third or fourth position of the word, with the words altered.

Brief explanation for the fifth book of our Polygraphia.

[unclear]

In the fifth book of the Polygraphia we have handed down various modes of writing secretly through the transposition of common letters, arranged in such a coordination that under their covering we shall be able safely to write and report everything to an absent friend. Now, to speak in our customary manner, the progression of the transposition of letters is almost infinite, since innumerable things arise from one alphabet by metathesis. First we have described a straight table containing twenty-four alphabets; through understanding it, as many alphabets will be able to be composed as there are stars numbered in the firmament of heaven. For as many letters as there are in that table, so many times, by the art, hundreds of thousands of alphabets arise in order. After this we distribute a reversed table, which will arise into another as often as you change the first letter at the head. The first letter in the straight table is b, in the reversed one z. As often as you put any other varied letter in their place, so often you will find a table new in every respect, and so on to infinity. Then we expand the first straight table, placing at the head of each transposed black letter, in red, the letter that it represents, so that we might provide the reader with an easier method of writing. This is the method of writing: from the first black alphabet take one letter of the hidden sentence, from the second another, from the third a third, and so in succession up to the end. When you have reached it, remember to return as often as necessary to the first order, until by concealment you have completed the secret mystery of your mind. But so that you may see the order, let us set down an example. Hxpf gfbmcʒ fucib gmbt gxhsr ege rbd qopma uwu. wfxegk ak.tnr qxyx. Of this mystical discourse the mean

[unclear] is: Beware this man, because he is evil, a thief, a deceiver, a liar, and wicked. You now see, reader, what a remarkable transposition of the letters of the alphabet this table produces, since there is no one who, without knowledge of it, could penetrate this secret. For this manner of writing surpasses every common transposition of letters, since each letter is always changed from one series of the alphabet into another. From the reversed table also, which we have set out in order with a similar distribution, let us place such an example by way of introduction: Rdkt, st[unclear]nyb, tevqj, sn[unclear]f, fdrgh, vfd. Its hidden meaning is this: Beware this man, because he is evil. And note that, under the example of the direct table already given, we have drawn the hidden series from the beginning through the whole of it, and then, by continuing in like manner through the reversed table, we again make a circle, as you see, to the beginning of the direct table. Hence it must be considered that one series of writing can be drawn through both tables, just as we have already done in the demonstration of the first example; or, if you prefer, through one only, as we have shown sufficiently in the reversed table. Nor will it cause difficulty for the reader to whom you send your hidden message, for he will easily understand everything if he has had even a little experience in the art. But the strongest instruction, which increases knowledge, is practice frequently repeated in any art.

After the setting out of the tables, certain orchemata follow, in which there is not only a transposition of all the letters, but also an ordered leaping of one over another. For orchema in Greek is called transilitio, “leaping across,” in Latin. And first, indeed, we marked the leap of the letters in the expanded form; afterward we reduced it into an orchema. In the operation of this orchema there is a remarkable leap. In it there are twenty-four alphabets. In the first no letter intervenes. In the second, one. In the third, two. In the fourth, three. In the fifth, four. In the sixth, five. In the seventh, six. In the eighth, seven. In the ninth, nine. Finally in the eleventh, ten, and so consequently up to the twenty-fourth alphabet, in which twenty-three letters intervene; afterward a return of likeness is made to the beginning. But the manner of writing by orchemata for the mystery is similar to that observed in the tables of transposition of letters: namely, that one who is about to write according to the rule of the orchema should take from each alphabet only one black letter, which the writing in red shows from the head. For understanding this, let us give an example: Prdh. ifyqyn. bdyen. zhkt. sxsol. inq. Its meaning is this: Beware this man, because he is evil.

When in writing you have come to the end of the orchemata, and the begun secret of your heart has not yet been completed, you must know that you are to return to the beginning as often as needed, until the mystery has been completed through everything. And know that from one orchema of letters as many alphabets are composed as an inquirer may have wished, however studiously, to have. Finally, this method of writing by orchemata, that is, by leapings-across and leaps, is the safest of all, because the transposition of the letters arises not uniform but varied in many ways. And it should be noted that a true and perfect knowledge of the little tables and the orchemata, if you are industrious and studious, will give you understanding of all writings that are written in any manner by transposition of letters. And it is a great secret, which few have known, that all meanings hidden in any transposition of letters whatever can be discovered.

Brief Explanation of the Sixth and Last Book of the Polygraphy.

In the sixth and last book of the Polygraphy we have assembled certain characters of the ancients, which they used in place of letters, so that, if anyone wishes to take from it an alphabet of his own for himself, he may be able to do so, although one moderately skilled may, if he wishes, devise for himself much more beautiful characters. All the synthemata of this book are sufficiently open and clear, and therefore need no explanation, or only a brief one. Yet those which stand forth as newly invented by us require a definite declaration, lest perhaps they seem to have been set down without reason. First of all, we made all the letters of the Latins numerical, after the custom of the Hebrews and the Greeks, thinking it shameful for us if we should be found inferior to them in this respect. For what is it that we have doubled certain letters so that they might suffice for an infinite number, when the Jews, compelled long ago by the same necessity, did this very thing? And the Greeks, because of a lack of letters, admitted certain signs into number, since they could not double letters. But we, because we are pressed by an equal lack of letters, [unclear] for et; nor does it matter whether it is written thus, et, or thus, &, provided it represents six in number. But we have added another, 9, which our people, when abbreviating, [unclear].

they write it for con and com indifferently; here, in the order of numbers, it represents six hundred. Moreover, by the same necessity we have doubled two letters, namely r, z, s, s; of these, r signifies ninety, while curved z signifies one hundred, long s two hundred, and closed s three hundred. Further, w, born as a double letter, which for this reason, by the usage of the German tongue, we have placed in the order of the alphabet, represents the last letter, in the series of numbers, one thousand.

Let us set down a tabular example of this new invention of ours for the reckoning of numbers, so that anyone who wishes to know the method may have a definite proof before his eyes. For what has always been easy for the Hebrews and Greeks will not be impossible for us. The table of numbers follows.

[unclear table of numbers: A, b, c, d, e, f, g, &, vj; j, tij, iij, iiij, r, s, wiij, x, y, z, lxx; xxx, wz, xxx, dcccc, vij; cccc, wx, xxx, dccc, vij; dcc, xl, xl, dcccc, vij; wz, xx; dccc, L ...]

a a b b c c d d e e f f g g h h i i j j k k l l m m n n o o p p q q r r s s t t u u v v x x y y z z C ij Behold, you now have here an alphabet from Roman numeral letters, in imitation of the Northmen, with which you will be able most safely to write and announce to an absent friend whatever you wish; and no one will be able to penetrate your hidden secret except him who knows the secret of the art. For all who see the writing will suppose that the letters have been transposed, and they will labor in vain in calculating them. Let us set down an example: Iaaibid ifeib, ieifeigeiccbkib, cakcebhid, id et amp;kahk, gidsbid, cigib, iceigihg ibkgig.&kif, iaiahibifid,ibeicdaka.eib.ieiei et amp;kaib. The hidden meaning of this writing is as follows: Beware of the bearer of these presents, because the man is very wicked, a thief, a robber, a liar, and worthless. From the demonstration of this example it is easily given to be understood how safe and secure this method of writing is universally in every language known to the writer, and in every cause or business, however difficult, secret, great, or lengthy. Nor do I think there is any man living in the world who, by his own ingenuity and without a teacher, could read this very writing. For all who see it will suppose it to be nothing other than that the letters have been transposed; and when they have been unable to obtain an understanding of them, at last, worn out by despair, they will cease from investigation, and whatever you have written will remain hidden. For no one, as I think, will examine this technique of writing secretly in its own powers, just as it is, unless he has at hand either the Polygraphia, or this key to it, or has been instructed by another. From these numeral letters, too, many other alphabets can be produced according to the order of numbering, when the beginning for writing alphabetically is taken not from unity but from any other following number. But in that progression you should know that one must take care that no more than two numerable signs be taken to represent one letter. Hence, when you have reached ww, that is, ten times one hundred thousand, stop your step and do not wander further, lest the multitude of signs confuse the beauty of writing by spoiling it. For after unity has been excluded, ten times one hundred thousand, with so many signs included, suffice for nearly thirty separate alphabets. Nevertheless, the method of the first alphabet, beginning with unity, is the more beautiful for wrapping secrets in writings, in proportion as it is shorter and simpler. Finally, it makes the writing less twisted. We have also arranged another alphabet with Latin letters in a confused order thus distributed, and transposed without any rule; in imitation of it, almost numberless others can be made. And a likeness of it is now set down.

| o | a | t | g | c | n | ɔ | t | | p | b | b̾ | a | o | k | u | | q | c | u | i | h | p | n x | | r | d | w | k | y | q | m y | | i | e | x | l | d | r | l z | | s | f | ÷ | m | g | s | f w | Let us also set down an example of this alphabet, so that we may prove that a secret can lie hidden in it.

Gquog, oʒuqi, ykar, din, uc, qacquxua, riqdiku99i, aqqurixrk3, skti, idta, ykoc9aqukg. uc, coddotacuo3, ofoqui, iukg, ci, hidiog.

This writing contains in itself the following sense: Know, friend, that the king in council has decreed that you are to be killed. Flee therefore as quickly as possible into [Aragon?] from his face, lest you perish.

This manner of writing too is tortuous, and is subject to no regular rule, since it can be varied and changed at the writer’s pleasure by chance transposition as much as anyone wishes.

Next it must be noted that at the end of the sixth book of the Polygraphia we handed down another method of writing by numerical signs, which people commonly call ciphers; under its covering you may safely write to an absent friend whatever you wish, and no one unskilled in the art will be able either to discover or suspect that a secret lies hidden there, especially if the rules that we have given concerning these matters are observed with careful caution. This is that the paper be formed in the manner of an astronomical table, as though it contained something pertaining to the reckoning of the stars, in such a way, namely, that the characters of the signs or of the planets are inserted, so that anyone into whose hands it may perhaps fall by chance, led by the appearance of a table, may think that no secret lies hidden in it, but may suppose that everything pertains to some astronomical computation.

We have arranged twelve alphabets according to the number of the twelve signs of the zodiac, assigning to each a number of twenty-four in place of letters; the first of these, of Aries, begins from one and ends at twenty-four.

C iiij In weighty and difficult matters one must beware of beginning from one, because that very method of writing can easily be suspect on account of it. But whoever wishes prudently to use his own natural industry will find subtler things from ours, and what we have handed down without sufficient polish he will easily make better.

In the numerical dance great secrets lie hidden; if anyone properly understands it, he will penetrate more mysteries of numbers. For we had neither the time nor the reason on this occasion to pour everything forth into public view; but in our judgment what we have done will suffice for the instruction of those to whom our discoveries will one day be pleasing, so that they may have many methods not only of secretly writing whatever they wish to absent sharers in their skill, but also one method of producing from one several better and subtler methods, according to each person’s capacity of understanding.

Likewise, since the dances of numbers have been sufficiently opened in their proper places, and at the same time their tables laid out, it was not necessary here to repeat what has once been said, lest excessive prolixity create tedium for the reader. But I did not think it necessary to set down an example of writing more secretly by means of the figures of numbers, since there is no difficulty in knowing the method for all who possess even moderate ability. With like ease the very ancient signs for numbering which we have brought back to light can be understood and comprehended; by them the knowledge of numbers is extended to infinity. For whenever a stroke is placed over a smaller number, a thousandfold is denoted. For V̄ means ten thousand; etc. means one hundred thousand. M̄ means one thousand thousands. Xͨ means ten times one thousand thousands; etc. means one hundred times one thousand thousands. Mͫ means a thousand times one thousand thousands, and so on successively, as far as you may wish to advance in numbering, however much, without limit.

Here ends the Key of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Peapolitanus, addressed to Maximilian Caesar. Printed under the direction of Johannes Haselberg of Aia, bookseller, in the year from the birth of Christ 1518, in the month of July.

[A cipher-apparatus line (the cover-text apparatus) with a column of cross-references; partly garbled in the OCR.]

[page 534: a list of document- and writing-types, given in German and Latin capitals:] Posterium / Vindicatorium / Inquisition / Herbiger / Vindicatorium / Minder Funken / Abschied / Dictatorium / Notationen / Billetten / Propositionen / Schemen / Compositionen / Figuren / Recommendationen / Executivationen / Genortionen / Lizenzen / Keylerien / Translationen.

[page 539:] …[the letters] so distributed, and transposed without rule, in imitation of which other [transpositions] too can be made, almost without number; and a similitude of it is now set down. [cipher-alphabet grid, as printed.] Let us set down an example of this alphabet also, that we may prove that a secret can lie hidden in it: [enciphered line, as printed: "Gquog, ozuqi, ykar, din, uc, qacquxua…"]. But this writing contains in itself such a sense: "Know, friend, that the king in council has decreed that you are to be killed. Flee therefore, as quickly as possible, into Narragonia, from his face, lest you perish." This mode of writing, too, is tortuous, and is subjected to no regular rule; for it can be varied and changed by a fortuitous transposition, at the writer's pleasure, as much as anyone shall wish. Consequently it is to be noted that, at the end of the sixth book of the Polygraphy, we handed down another mode of writing by numeral notes, which they commonly call ciphers, under whose veil you will safely write to an absent friend whatever you wish, and no one unskilled in the art will be able either to discover or to suspect that a secret lies hidden—especially if the rules which we have given upon these [matters] be observed with diligent caution. This is, that the paper be formed in the manner of an astronomical table, as if it contained something pertaining to the reckoning of the stars—namely, so that the characters of the signs or planets be interposed—so that he into whose hands it perhaps fell by chance, led by the tabular similitude, would judge that nothing of a secret lies hidden in it, but would think that the whole pertains to some astronomical computation. And we have arranged twelve alphabets according to the number of the twelve signs of the zodiac, assigning to each a number of twenty-four in place of letters, of which the first, [that] of Aries, begins from unity and ends in twenty-four.

[unclear] and difficult matters one must beware of [unclear] from unity, because that manner of writing, on that very account, could easily be suspect. But whoever wishes prudently to use his own natural industry will find subtler things from ours, and will easily make better what we have handed down not sufficiently polished.

Great secrets lie hidden in the numerical orchema; if anyone properly understands it, he will penetrate many mysteries of numbers. For we had neither the time nor the reason on this occasion to pour everything forth to the public. In our judgment it will have been enough that we have done this for the instruction of those to whom our discoveries will one day be pleasing, so that they may have several methods not only of secretly writing whatever they wish to absent sharers in the art, but also one method of extending it into several better and subtler ones, according to each person's capacity of understanding. Likewise, since the orchemata of numbers have been sufficiently opened and made manifest in their proper places, and their tables at the same time set out, it was not necessary here to repeat what has once been said, lest excessive prolixity create weariness for the reader. But I did not think it necessary to set down, by means of figures of numbers, an example of writing more secretly, since there is no difficulty in knowing the method among all who are vigorous in even a moderate degree of intelligence. With like ease the most ancient signs of numbering, which we have brought back to light, can be understood and comprehended; by them the knowledge of numbers is extended to infinity. For whenever a stroke is placed above a smaller number, a thousand is designated. Thus [unclear] means ten thousand, etc.; [unclear] one hundred thousand; M [with mark] one thousand thousand; X [with mark] ten times one thousand thousand, etc.; [unclear] one hundred times one thousand thousand; M [with mark] signifies a thousand times one thousand thousand, and so consequently as far as, and however far, you wish to proceed in numbering, without limit.

Here ends the key of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of [unclear], to Emperor Maximilian. Printed under the direction of Johannes Haselberg of Aia, bookseller, in the year from the birth of Christ 1518, in the month of July.

[unclear] have mercy; [unclear] piety; wax, pure. As often as [unclear]. Life [unclear]. Ruler. [unclear] demanding. Many trouble. Us, shepherd. Wretched, evil. Of all, usefully. See [unclear]. Men. [unclear]. Of all. Great. Vices. Deeds. [unclear]. [unclear]. [unclear]. Your life [unclear]. God grant [it] to the saints of the creator, many. Index. Ruler. God. Wretched. Feasts. To be introduced. Vain things. Consider. In the kingdom of the blessed. It fails. Brothers. Your life [unclear].

Supplement to the Polygraphy: Index, or through the years. [unclear]

[unclear] most beautiful. [unclear]. Lead us [unclear]. [unclear] for the slain. And to the wretched [unclear]. Full grace. [unclear]. They care for God shrewdly. [unclear] with women. [unclear]. On account of this [unclear]. We read. Our [unclear]. [unclear]. Europe [unclear]. Life of the wretched sons of Eve. [unclear]. We seem to see Jesus Christ, advocate [unclear]. Riches [unclear]. Of the world [unclear]. Have mercy on us [unclear]. [unclear]. Part [unclear]. Mother of life, hail [unclear]. [unclear] chose. [unclear] by merits [unclear]. Most holy. [unclear]. Devoutly. Deceit [unclear]. To us [unclear]. Have mercy [unclear]. [unclear]. Concerning the matter, man. Johannes Trithemius. [unclear]. Straight [unclear]. Orchema of the highest [unclear]. Virgin [unclear]. First figure. Let us celebrate. Eternal merits. [unclear]. Public. [unclear]. Wretched, pious mother. [unclear]. But pass over. Second [unclear]. Of peace [unclear]. Our Father [unclear]. Orchema. Holy faith. Most weak. Hallowed [unclear]. Let thy will be done. [unclear]

Later vindicatory work. Of the Herbig inquiry. Vindicatory work. [unclear] Dismissal. Dictation-book. Annotations. Notes. Propositions. Schemes. Compositions. Figures. Recommendations. Executions. Genortiones [unclear]. Licenses. [unclear] Translations.