Trithemius Corpus · Reading Edition 2026-07-12

Polygraphiae libri VI (Basel: Furter & Petri, for Haselberg, 1518)

Polygraphiae libri VI (Basel: Furter & Petri, for Haselberg, 1518)

Johannes Trithemius

English edition by Ian Carlos Fabin

Introduction

Polygraphiae libri VI—“Six Books of Polygraphy”—is the 1518 first edition of Trithemius’s open cryptographic manual, the first printed book on cryptography in the West. He completed the work late in life—the dedication to Emperor Maximilian I is dated 1508—and it was printed posthumously, two years after his death. Where the Steganographia hides its ciphers behind angel-magic, the Polygraphiae teaches the craft in the open: substitution tables, transposition grids, the “Ave Maria” cipher in which plaintext becomes a pious Latin sentence, and numerical codes. Its six books move from simple to complex, culminating in the polyalphabetic tabula recta.

This witness was printed at Basel by Michael Furter and Adam Petri for Johann Haselberg. The older attribution to Oppenheim and Peter Schöffer has been corrected (Adams T-979; see the refined catalogue descriptions by Christie’s and Brill). It is one of three Polygraphiae witnesses in the corpus (1518, 1550, and 1600).

The Latin was re-OCR’d from page scans and rendered as a provisional machine-assisted English reading text. Cipher tables are presented as structured apparatus beside links to the source facsimile; decoded examples are collected on the cipher solutions page.

Polygraphiae libri VI (Basel: Furter & Petri, for Haselberg, 1518)

Six Books of Polygraphy, by Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Saint James of Würzburg, formerly of Sponheim, addressed to Emperor Maximilian.

With grace and privilege of L. D.

Johannes Trithemius.

To the divine Emperor Maximilian: the letter of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James of Würzburg, on the Polygraphy.

I was wavering in mind, most unconquered Emperor Maximilian, and for some little while I doubted within myself whether I would be doing something worth the effort if I dedicated the volume of my Polygraphy to your imperial majesty. For among the great you are the greatest, among the more powerful the most powerful, and among all the wise by far the wisest; for that reason nothing should be inscribed to you unless it is great, nothing dedicated unless it has been elaborated with the highest learning. But I, having attained no, or little, literary learning, hesitated, not without reason, whether I ought to present my trifles to so great a majesty, since I am neither fit by talent to compose anything, nor adorned with the necessary charm of expression. For I know, and cannot deny, how scanty is my equipment, how untrained my talent, and how I have no vein of eloquence in speaking; for which reason, after due consideration, I paused for some time and feared to appear before your glorious majesty as an inept writer. For since after God you are by right lord of the world, it is no wonder if I, an unlearned man and the least of monks, fear the judgment of so great a majesty, and dread to offer those writings of mine which I know are not worthy of your hands. And while I was turning these matters over in my mind, a messenger arrived with letters sent by your highness, in which you summoned me to Cologne, the necessary expenses for the journey having already been sent through another. But when I had read again the letters of your serenity, confidence at once overcame shame, and consideration of your inborn gentleness drove fear away. For I know your disposition to be most mild: since you are the most modest of all, and are accustomed both to grow gentle toward the humble and to resist the proud. You do not know how to be vainly puffed up, nor, after the manner of tyrants, to despise the humble who are devoted to your highness; for just as on earth you have no way to become greater, so no envy will penetrate your mind. You are the greatest; you have also accomplished many and great things, no less bravely in peace than in war, by which you have both obtained an eternal name and are celebrated, with the reverence of highest honor, by the affection and favor of all your subjects. These are the riches of princes: the love and favor of the people, and doing justice to each person according to the commandment of the love of God. Since, therefore, all bear your name to the stars with praises, and all proclaim you most mild and most humane, there was no reason thereafter for me to suspect that you would be especially severe toward me, particularly when by a letter you deign to entice me to write. Thus, finally encouraged by weighing these things, I laid aside all fear, and great [unclear] concerning what is innate in you Wolfgang Sedlius acquired me in the year of the Lord 1538.

I have taken confidence from your gentleness. For indeed, since all draw confidence from the fountain of your piety, why should I alone not approach trustfully? You, who are always merciful, mild, and pious to all, certainly cannot be cruel to me alone. Therefore, with that humility which is fitting, and which I both ought and am able to show, prostrate on the ground I approach the throne of your most excellent majesty; I devotedly offer the aforesaid work of Polygraphy; and I humbly commend my littleness to your serenity, as a servant to his lord. Now therefore, most merciful Caesar, receive the very small little gift which I bring; in it may you deign to weigh my mind, most subject to you, not its value. In the signs set beneath our Polygraphy, however, there are in certain places some mysteries wrapped in enigmas, lest the deeper meaning of the art which lies hidden should become manifest to the understanding of all. Just as not all things befit all people, so also not everything always suits everyone indiscriminately. There are therefore certain mysteries shut up here, which in my judgment can be more useful and more necessary to none than to princely men. For the more numerous the matters to which they attend, the greater caution of secrecy must be applied to their counsels. For this book teaches princes to command secrecy over their hidden affairs. But because your Caesarean majesty, occupied with many things, does not have time to examine those matters which lie wrapped in mysteries, lest you be deprived of the fruit of my labor, I have appended a little explanatory book of the whole work, which I have entitled the Key of Polygraphy; with it as guide you will more easily understand everything obstructed here by figures. May God preserve you unharmed for our salvation. I wrote this on the twenty-sixth day of the month of April, in the year of Christ 1508.

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Register or Index of the Works of Johannes Trithemius, first abbot of Sponheim, and afterwards of St. James at Würzburg.

Johannes Trithemius the abbot was born in the village of Trittenheim, in the diocese of Trier, on the banks of the river Moselle, on the first day of the month of February, at the eleventh hour and the thirtieth minute after noon, in the year of the Lord's nativity 1462, in the tenth indiction of the Romans; his father was Johannes von Heidenberg, and his mother was called Elisabeth von Longuich. This was, namely, the year in which the city of Mainz, in the dissension of two pontiffs, was captured, lost its liberty, and found servitude, many of its citizens having been driven into exile; it was the fourth current year of Pope Pius, the second of that name, and the twenty-second of Emperor Frederick III. In the year of the Lord 1482, however, in the monastery of Sponheim in the diocese of Mainz, on the first day of February, that is, on the day on which he had once been born, he put off the secular habit and there assumed the monastic habit under the rule of the divine father Benedict, according to the observance newly introduced. In the following year, which was the eighty-third above the four-hundredth and the thousandth, after Abbot Johannes von Colenhusen had been transferred by canonical postulation to Seligenstadt, Johannes Trithemius, by the common election of the brothers, was promoted and ordained abbot of the aforesaid monastery of Sponheim on the fourth day before the Kalends of July, and presided for twenty-three years, one month, and nineteen days. When these had elapsed, not without many labors, provoked by the rashness of certain rivals, he accepted the abbey of St. James at Würzburg, which was being offered to him, and of his own free will resigned Sponheim, full of useless cares. In both places he wrote several little works; of these, he recently recorded for me in his own hand on a sheet the works written below. When you have their titles from me, for the memory of our friend and teacher, you may hold it more firmly from consideration of such great labors of his. And first, indeed, I shall record the titles of those works which he laboriously composed while he was abbot at Sponheim. First of all he wrote the constitutions of his order, which were made in provincial chapters by order of the presidents, one book. On the Visitation of Monks, one book. On the Rule of Saint Benedict, two books. Homilies and Exhortatory Sermons to His Monks, two books, which he dedicated to his predecessor. On the Temptations of Cloistered Persons and the Remedies for Them, two books. To Nicolaus the Priest the Mernicensem, On the Priestly Life, one book. Against the Private Property of Monks, one book. On the Vanity and Misery of This Life, one book. A penthic work, that is, a mournful one, On the Ruin of His Order, one book. On the Illustrious Men of His Order, four books. Praises of the Order of the Carmelite Friars, two books. To Gerlac, abbot of Deutz, Praises of Manual Writers, one book. To Johann Dalberg, bishop of Worms, On Ecclesiastical Writers, one book. On the Praises of Saint Anne, Grandmother of the Lord, one book. To the questions of Rutger Sicamber, canon of Dumetis, one book. Chronicle of His Monastery of Sponheim, a volume of no small size, one book. Chronicle or Annals of the Monastery of Hirsau, two large volumes. Chronicle of the Succession of the Dukes of Bavaria and Counts Palatine, to Philip, Count Palatine, prince-elector, one book. The Life of Saint Hirmina, Nun, First Abbess in Horrio, at Trier, one book. On the Misery of Cloistered Prelates, two books. Praises of Saint Andrew the Apostle, one book. Praises of Saint Joseph, Foster-father of the Lord, one book. Praises of Saint Benedict the Abbot, one book. Praises of the Monastic Life, one book. Praises of True Penitence, one book. Praises of the Study of the Divine Scriptures, one book. Monologue of a Man Devoted to God to Himself, one book. On the Miracles of Saint Mother Anne, one book. To Ulrich, canon of Cologne, On Questions on the Gospel of John, one book. To the same, On Questions of the Psalms, one book. To the presidents of the annual chapter concerning the Bursfeld Observance, he abridged the statutes of the same union, one book. Spiritual Exercise of Monks, one book. An epitome or breviary of the same, one book. On the Ecclesiastical Computus, one book. On the Illustrious Writers of Germany, to Jakob Wimpfeling of Sélestat, one book. Sponheim Letters to Various Persons, four books. Orations in chapters, twenty, which make one book. He wrote sermons to his brethren of the Sponheim monastery, forty in number and very fine, one book. Sermons to the people on feast days, one book. Several supplicatory prayers to God and the saints, one book. From the Greek language he translated into Latin Maximus the abbot On the Incarnation of the Lord. Also the anathemas of Saint Cyril, archbishop of Alexandria, against the heretics, promulgated in the third synod at Ephesus, and certain letters of the same synod. He also wrote, for the edification of monks, a notable work, which he entitled On the Threefold Region of Cloistered Persons, three books. He wrote certain other smaller works, the titles of which he did not indicate to me.

These, most beloved brother Nicholas, are the Trithemian little works which, while abbot for twenty-three years, he composed by lamplight at Sponheim, to the honor of God, amid cares and the continual occupation of household business, reading or writing day and night whenever he was able to steal leisure for himself. He brought into the Sponheim library the greatest treasury of books in every faculty during the years in which he presided over it, not only by the art of printing but also by the hand of scribes. For when I was with him for the space of one year, to learn Greek and Hebrew letters from him, I counted two thousand volumes in the library, of which at least eight hundred had been decently written with the pen on parchment and paper. I often heard from his mouth that he had paid out more than two thousand florins for books; he had not taken these from the substance of the monastery, which was always very meager, but, since he was known and dear to many princes, he paid out for books, for the most part, the gifts with which he was honored by them. For he is the greatest lover and guardian of books above all whom I know living in the flesh today. It is said by many, however, that his successor, who is now abbot in Sponheim, has alienated many volumes; whether this is true, certainly, is by no means established to me.

In the year of the Lord 1514, when a fierce war had broken out between the realm and Philip, count palatine, Trithemius, through fear of the enemy, with his library and the goods of the monastery, [went] to Kreuznach, the nearest town; and I likewise returned to my own affairs. But in the year 1506, in the month of October, Trithemius himself, spurred by the envy of certain men, accepted the abbacy of Saint James at Würzburg and resigned that of Sponheim. In quiet he writes various works, whose titles, when asked, he recently sent me as follows. To Maximilian Caesar he added a wonderful work, which he entitled Polygraphia, six books. To the same, a key to the same Polygraphia, one book. Answers to eight questions of the same Caesar, one book. To the same, on the seven intelligences that move the spheres, one book. To Joachim, margrave of Brandenburg, prince elector, twenty books of various questions, speeches, and propositions. To the same, on foreknowledge lawful and unlawful for a Christian, two books. To the same he wrote that wonderful and laborious work of Steganography, eight books; which that rash Bouillus, not understanding it, criticized most ignorantly and most falsely. To the same prince, a book of letters, one book. To the same, against malefactors and all arts and superstitions prohibited by the Church, five books. To the same, on the causes and cure of the falling sickness and of spells, three books. To Jacobus Trithemius, his brother, an itinerary of his life, two books. To Burghard von Horneck, physician, on the property of nuns, one book.

He wrote a history or annals on the origin, kings, and deeds of the people of the German Franks, three large volumes, beginning the narrative with King Marcomer, who in the four hundred thirty-third year before the incarnation of the Lord led the people from the borders of Scythia into Germany, to the mouths of the Rhine, down to the twenty-eighth or twenty-ninth year of Maximilian Caesar. To Laurentius, bishop of Würzburg and duke of Eastern Franconia, he wrote an epitome or breviary of the histories of those same three volumes, three books. To the same, on the dukes and bishops of the Franks of Würzburg, one book. On the miracles shown at the memorial of Our Lady Saint Mary at Dettelbach, two books. On the miracles of the same shown in the nettle-grove at Heilbronn, six books. An apologetic work against Carolus Bouillus, who slandered things he did not understand, one book. On the origin and kings of the Franks, one book. A chronicle of his monastery, over which he now presides, of Saint James at Würzburg, one book. To Albert, of the margraves of Brandenburg, archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg, the life of the divine Rabanus, arch-prelate, three books. On the translation of the same from Mainz into Saxony, one book. To Johann, count palatine and duke of Bavaria, count in Sponheim, residing at Simmern, on the origin, kings, and dukes of the Bavarians, together with the counts palatine of Sponheim, four books. He has in hand a laborious work on demons, profane arts, malefactors, and superstitious persons, which will have twelve books; in these he casts out, confounds, and overturns all the tricks of the diabolical arts. Of Würzburg letters, which he wrote in that abbacy, [unclear]: such as offices, a rosary, a missal office, various prayers, together with proses or sequences on Saint Anne, grandmother of our Savior. He wrote praises, prayers, and a rosary on Saint Mary Magdalene. A rosary on Saint Joseph, foster-father of the Lord. A rosary on Saint Peter the Apostle. A rosary on Saint John the Evangelist. At the request of Johann, archbishop of Trier, a sequence on Anne, which begins, Jesu coelorum regis, to the melody Ave praeclara. Another to be sung on her feast, which begins, Exultent in hac die. A third for the Carmelite province at Augsburg; it begins, Iubilemus in honore. A fourth on Saint Hildegard, virgin, which begins thus, Laus fit tibi rex aeternae gloriae. A fifth on Saint Rupert, duke of Bingen, which begins, Exultent in hac die. A sixth on Saint Joseph, foster-father of the Lord; it begins thus, Cantemus inclyti. A seventh on Saint Rabanus, archbishop.

The eighth, on the wounds of Christ, which begins thus: “Let us adore Jesus Christ; let us lament him crucified.” The ninth, on the compassion of blessed Mary ever virgin; and it begins thus: “Come, let us weep with devout mind, sharing the suffering of the blessed Virgin Mary,” namely to the melody “Ave praeclara.” The tenth, on Saint Joachim, father of our Lady, which begins thus: “Let us adore the Trinity, let us praise together the unity of Father, Son, and Spirit.” The eleventh, on each person’s own good angel. The twelfth, for the proper Mass of each priest. The thirteenth, on Saint Maximus, bishop of Mainz. The fourteenth, on Saint Martha, virgin, Christ’s hostess. The fifteenth, on Saint Mary Magdalene. The sixteenth, on Saint Mary of Egypt. The seventeenth, on Saint James the Greater, apostle. The nineteenth, on Saint Benedict, abbot. The twentieth, on All Saints. And of each of the named commemorations and saints, two [unclear].

The Mirror of Heavenly Doctrine, serving in no small degree the compunction of the mind, one book, which begins thus: “The beginning of human salvation.” Also many very devout meditations and prayers on our Lord Jesus Christ, on his most holy mother the Virgin Mary, and on various saints, composed with beautiful variety, together with very many other things, which all devout posterity will see and marvel at.

These, my dearest Nicolaus, are the volumes of our Abbot Trithemius, which for nearly thirty-two years he has worked out in continual study, apart from those which, not yet completed, are in hand under the anvil, unknown to me. Farewell; from my house at Duraclusium, the fifth day of October, in the year of our salvation one thousand five hundred fifteen. Johannes Duraclusius.

Here ends the index of the works of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James of Würzburg, from the letter of Johannes Duraclusius, his disciple, to Nicolaus Hamerius Emelanus.

Preface of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Saint James of Würzburg, in the Polygraphia, to Caesar Maximilian.

We have read that very many wise men of the ancients, philosophers, kings, and princes, once devised various and manifold methods by which they might safely entrust to messengers sent to more remote places the secrets of counsel, and whatever mystery of secrecy should occur to be confided; so that they might be fit in carrying them and safe from every assault of the wicked, lest either the simplicity of the cabalists should lay bare the mystery, or the innate curiosity of the bacucei should bring harm to apostolic affairs.

Great among these, Augustus Caesar of the Romans, desiring in difficult matters to use the service of messengers in a darkened way, changed the breathings of the conceived voice from clear things into obscure ones; their barbarousness, resisting his wishes, he made, by the dance of metathesis and by a beautiful invention, to agree at his nod. And that receptive and, as it were, perpetual order, nevertheless subject to will and to the account of time, although it preserves the messengers safe on the road from the assault of the bacucei, yet leaves them anxious for their own affair.

Archimedes of Syracuse, easily the chief mathematician, took a white bird suited to his instructions, bare at head and feet, and fastened it around to a staff cut into the form of a tetragon; and, the attendants having been arranged in due proportion, he entrusted the work to the winged instrument, until the image of the white bird appeared changed into a magpie. When this had been duly performed, he loosened what had been fastened with his own hand; and when he had allowed it to fly away, there suddenly occurred among the familiars of the inner chambers a great separation of appearances, and soon there arose the previously too-wandering monster of a twisted monastic image; at the sight of it no one was able to think what it was. Nor did the disagreement of the bubones come to rest before the image of the master had skillfully bound the magpie again with a similar tetragon.

Marcus Tullius Cicero, the eloquent orator, using talent and art, changed the small details of phrase into signs, and set the careful working, or character, of his will in place of the customary phrase. Indeed he used such abundance in this very novelty that his invention could suffice for almost all things in the world. To these heralds of mysteries, moreover, the institution of the art gave a marvelous agility, so that, beyond the nature of all things, they use solid steps of the feet, and not by small points or moments, but by whole degrees they observe the good will of the master. Their service a king can always use very safely, although not without great labor and the manifest suspicion of the bucachei.

But Cyprian, the most holy bishop and martyr of the church of Carthage, wishing to provide for the benefit of Christians, enlarged the very teachings of the Ciceronian institution by no small amount, and added what had been lacking to our customs. Pharamund also, the forty-third after Marcomer, A most powerful king of the Franks in Germany, when, in the four hundred and twenty-fourth year of the Lord’s nativity, he powerfully entered the borders of the Gauls, in order that everything might be done safely, bound foreign minutiae to his secrets.

Clodius, also called Crinitus, the elder son of Pharamund, succeeding his father in the kingdom of the Franks, and after he had violently subjected all Gaul to his rule, ordered all the Gauls, as conquered slaves, to be shorn and shaved as to the beard; but the Franks, the victorious lords of the Gauls, he commanded to let the hair and beard grow. Hence he was called Crinitus. In imitation of his father, he wrapped the mysteries of his counsel in signs of his own and foreign ones.

Charles the Great, surnamed [unclear], the sixtieth king of the Franks after Marcomer, who first of the Franks ruled over the Romans, with Nanno the grammarian as his teacher, desiring to adorn the German language, which was his native tongue, with grammatical rules after the pattern of Latin, began an arduous work, which nevertheless, being entangled in many affairs and overtaken by death, he did not complete. He bound [bubones] with various, numerous minutiae; greater than him Brabant, or Namur in Germany, had not produced. To the individual prefects of the kingdom he assigned individual [bubones] by art.

The Northmen, having gone out from the borders of Gothia, when once they were cruelly devastating Gaul, summoned [bubones] from Greece and prepared a safe hiding-place for their secrets, which today is known to few. Our Bede, a monk in England, not ignorant of the deed of the Northmen, described many inventions of the ancients similar to these, by which they made bright the path that was dark with mysteries. He first commended artrology to the memory of posterity; he invented dactylology. There were those who distinguished minutiae by visible accidents, by whose prudence night was turned into day; without the service of [bubones], light shone in darkness. But concerning these matters of our steganography, when the illustrious count palatine, prince elector, was once solicitous, he received from us a manifest proof of a tested document.

Others, multiplying minutiae by regulated division, after the manner of barbarians, overturned the figures of nature; in darkness, with the shadow of things coming into being keeping the secret dances hidden, where the secrecy of counsel required it, they supplied a cabala to the absent through [diapyrata]. In these things there is great labor and a long exercise of the mind over many years, in which no one suddenly becomes skilled for use. Necessity bears all things. There were also those whom the heavenly harmony taught to compose foreign sounds; for those who understood there was a twofold use of these, while one suspends the sense, the other [raises it?] into the ethereal mind. God can do all things. Many tried to seek light in shadow without light; nevertheless they could not, because the fire lies buried in ashes. Some, practiced painters of masks, divided one wind exactly into two, of which one [misophos] in one always lies hidden in darkness, but the other, a philosopher and lover of light, hates darkness, loves light, and guards the secret by means of the owl. Again, as Bede attests, there were some whose purpose, advancing to broader things, bound the wind, invisible to the eyes, to visible things, and compelled many growing things, and no less stones and shrubs, which lack voices, to speak with a human tongue. Why should I mention brute animals, since all things obey art? This secret is rightly preferred to all discoveries thus far, through which hidden things assume the strength and power of mysteries. Yet reason bids us hide the great in the small, and by no means entrust pearls to swine. From nothing nothing is brought back. The known multitude of visible things is great; but invisible things remain remote from us, if these are prudently fitted to them, the enlightened mind of man would know and behold wondrous things. But to discuss these matters at greater length is not the purpose of the present work; since they are greater and weightier, they require another work and another time. Matthias, the most powerful king of Hungary, and a hammer harder than adamant of the Turks, who in our age waged many victorious battles with the enemies of the cross of Christ, discovered many things by wonderful talent and art; he adorned owls with paraphrases, held his own mysteries, secret in manifold variety, and by manifest industry destroyed the counsels of his enemies. He preferred wisdom to gold; therefore he always triumphed as a glorious victor.

A sound mind is present in a wise man in a well-ordered body; borne upward by desire for higher understanding, when through the likeness of the binary it has returned from the ternary into unity, thereafter it will now easily rise to the denary. Pythagoras of Samos, that philosopher, warned his disciples not to forget the quaternary, in which the first perfection of numbering is comprehended. For thus we count: one, two, three, four. Halt your mind, for you have ten. For the denary is the head of perfection. What are eleven, except ten and unity? What is thirty? Three times ten. What is forty? Four times ten. You have a hundred, and you have by no means departed from the quaternary. And what is a hundred, except ten times ten? Deep mysteries lie hidden in these things, and they are manifest to few.

For love of brevity we pass over many in silence, who, assisting nature by art, applied prudence to secrets, and what seemed impossible to many who did not know, by keen study brought into easy use. A cultivated mind can do great things, and he who cleaves to God becomes higher than the world in understanding. Many are the mysteries of kings, and counsels full of cares, in which confidence and faith are required; and rare faith harms the believer, and doubt, even when present, more often admits [unclear]. Therefore it will have been most advantageous for all princes to be philosophers, and endowed with singular wisdom, just, gentle, benevolent, and distinguished by munificence, so that they themselves may not wish to deceive others, nor easily be able to be overthrown by others. Justice alone, the companion of prudence, makes a prince glorious. glorious.

At the urging of the aforementioned prince and lord elector Philip, count palatine and duke of Bavaria, I, Johannes Trithemius, now abbot of the monastery of Saint James at Würzburg, but then of Saint Martin the bishop at Sponheim in the diocese of Mainz, began to write eight books of mysteries in steganography. But while I was already continuing my night-work on the third book of the same work, an incident occurred, which I shall relate briefly if I can.

In the year of the Lord’s nativity 1499, in the second Roman indiction, when Arnold Bostius, a Carmelite of the town of Ghent, asked me by letter what new thing I was putting forth, or with what studies I was occupied, I wrote back to him as to a friend, through merchants, on the day after Palm Sunday: that I had under the hammer a new and wonderful work of steganography; and I set out in order what was contained in each of the books. But before my letter had reached Ghent, Bostius passed from this life to Christ during the days of Easter. The prior of that place received the letter, opened it, and read it; and, astonished, as I think, by the novelty of the promises, at the request of many others he shared it to be read and copied out. Hence it came about that this very letter of mine, published in a short time through almost all Germany and Gaul, and repeatedly copied out by many people, turned many very learned men also to astonishment and wonder, to such a degree that they hesitated over what they ought, with truth, to think about me. Among these there were some who steadfastly asserted that the promises I had made in the said letter were frivolous, impossible, and false, and had been shamelessly devised by me for the sake of empty glory. Others, however, said: “This abbot Trithemius promises great wonders; if he can perform them, he can do so only by the ministry of demons, since they seem far to exceed the limits of nature. But if he cannot, who will doubt that he is a liar and deservedly to be rejected by all good and learned men?” But let both be far from me, since I promised natural things. Of all those who rashly judged matters unknown to them, the most rash, and at last the most unjust appraiser of things, came forward in public: Charles de Bovelles, a Picard by nation. When, after travelling through the upper parts of Alsace, he had come to me for hospitality at Sponheim, intending to return to Gaul through Trier, I treated him with such courtesy as I could, and showed him all the kindnesses of hospitality, so long as he was with me, with a cheerful face. And since, as is usual among friends, especially those devoted to the study of letters, I showed all my things to my most welcome guest to be seen, among the others the aforementioned work of steganography, not yet completed at that time, also presented itself. Bovelles saw it and read it cursorily, his mind occupied elsewhere; he said he admired the invention, and praised it, but did not take care to understand the manner in which it was to be understood. Hence, when he sought the key of understanding, he did not deserve to hear or perceive anything of what was contained in that night-work of ours.

After this he returned to France and repaid us evil for good, and shamefully violated the bond of Christian friendship. For when he was asked by Lord Germain de Ganay, a mutual friend and later bishop of Orléans, what he had found in my possession and seen at Sponheim, he wrote back falsehoods instead of truths and lies instead of favors, condemning and rashly judging things that he was quite unable to comprehend with his understanding. For since, through envy and falsehood, he believed that the palm of learning would be conferred upon him, he wrote back to the aforementioned most learned man a letter full of falsity, lies, wrongs, and many insults; in it, making mention of steganography, which he had not understood, he proclaims me, falsely, mendaciously, and with too injurious a rash presumption, to be devoted to depraved arts, a magician and necromancer. To his most mendacious wrongs and blasphemies, God having mercy, I shall reply briefly, so that all posterity may understand both that I am innocent and that Bouillus is impious, cruel, rash, and in this matter a liar. I steadfastly affirm, I truly say, and I confidently swear upon my soul that I have never had any commerce with demons, nor with depraved or pernicious, magical or necromantic arts; but that each and every thing that I have either written or promised that I would write is pure, sound, natural, and in no respect at all contrary to the Christian faith. Hence I do not fear to submit my promises for examination before good and learned men, whenever and as often as there shall be need; I in no way intend to resist their determination. There was a reasonable cause why I inserted this history of Bouillus’s rashness into this preface of mine: that all may understand that it was done with mature deliberation that the work of steganography has thus far remained buried in darkness, not because I fear Bouillus’s rash judgments, but lest I seem to give cause to more men of the same sort to suspect similar things about me. Indeed, as far as I am concerned, I would rather appease my rivals by silence than irritate them with letters or provoke them to madness by writings. For I judged it better to condemn all marvelously discovered things to perpetual silence than to incur, even by the false estimation of men, the mark of magical or necromantic pernicious superstition. Let steganography therefore lie hidden in darkness, and let [unclear] not be made [unclear] of Bouillus [unclear] of a good man [unclear] by the lust of depravity. Nevertheless, at the urging of friends, so that our rivals, together with Bouillus, may understand how rash and fabricated an injury he has done us, while steganography remains within its own limits, we consent to bring into the light the work placed below, which we call the Polygraphia, divided into six books. Let those who wish read it, and let friends read this volume without resentment; when they have understood all its hidden mysteries, let them themselves be judges, without envy, whether they are natural or superstitious. For I know and am certain that all things are syn-

... pure, natural, and removed from every pursuit of evil superstition. But whenever the discourse that precedes is more obscure, it is done for this reason: lest a madman abuse, to destruction, the sword of defense which a man sound in mind and spirit carries for his own protection. Yet for that reason nothing evil is contained in it, since the perverse abuse even good things for evil. Whoever, moreover, presumes to condemn this edition of ours is himself conscious and witness against himself that he has never truly understood it. Mysteries are hidden under [unclear], lest the secrets of owls be made manifest in any way to [unclear]. If it delights anyone to know these things, let the reader approach with envy put far away. For I am a Christian, I am a priest under the rule of the divine father Benedict and a monk; I love Christ, and with whatever sincerity of mind I can, I devoutly adore him always. I have no dealings with demons, I have had none, and with God as my protector I shall have none; no pursuits in magical, necromantic, or profane arts; no occupations, no teachings. Whoever thinks otherwise of me thinks wrongly, does me injury, and defends Bouillus’s open lie. But now let us dismiss these matters, and let us set forth in order what is contained in each book of our Polygraphy.

Table Or Index Of The Things Which Are Treated In The First Book

In the first book of this Polygraphy of ours we have arranged and distributed, according to the order of our ternary, the words of the Latin language, as many as are to be seen; by whose use and service all princes throughout the world will find safe obedience in any secret matters whatsoever, which, without danger to the mystery, without mark, and without suspicion of [unclear], will remain forever hidden. It is certain that by these means the journey is safe for owls, never to be violated by any investigation of anyone. Knowledge of the hidden matter is granted to two only, [unclear] when he knows, is brought back to the monad. Ignorance is the mother of error; and he who has scorned to learn the good thing which he does not know, loves blindness. The periphrases themselves are set forth in the manner either of one admonishing or of one supplicating; these we can vary for every visible material thing of this world. For individual [unclear] are suited to mysteries, and the secret matters of the Greeks are not followed but ours are preferred. When you have understood the things that you see, do not rashly despise the hidden things that you do not see. Accidents are perceived; the substance remains invisible. Hence greater things lie hidden, while lesser things are open to those who behold them. Since this is done with reason, no good man will take it for evil, since everyone suitable can from these things, if only he wishes, advance to higher things. But at this point it does not please me to bring forth higher things into the light [unclear].

[unclear]: since an inopportune time seems to stand in the way. I have placed the letters of the Latin alphabet in order before the individual words, so that the operator may have an easy method in the proposed matter, and the reciprocal party, in reporting, may be relieved of excessive labor. The paraphrases that are placed outside the straight order of the lines are not devoid of the mystery of the art, since they serve light-flowing propositions for the consummation of necessary perfection, not obscure ones. Therefore whatever are employed in the former are neglected in the latter. For these are the certain means by which every suspicion of an adversary is removed. All things have been set down with reason, so that not even a proposition is introduced idly. The farther, for example, the sun advances from the equinoctial circle, the more the day is lengthened for those dwelling in those regions. Therefore, so that unity may advance in the right order, by means of the ternary, into the binary, the paradigm that we hand down must be observed rather carefully. And first, with prior consideration, let the intelligent operator of his intention observe what he is going to assign to the ternary through the binary; let him divide day with night into minute parts, and distinguish the minutiæ of the winds by a supposition of phrase that is not foreign but proper. In any mystical business let him take careful heed not to overturn the established order of the art, nor put one paraphrase in place of another, nor grant to one what is due to another; otherwise unity does not admit the binary, and the whole operation will be confused and useless. Let night not be wandering through excessive length, unstable, advancing beyond the limits appointed to it by art; let curiosity not change water into snow, nor let him sleep by day who keeps watch at night. Let the mind, solicitous in intellect, also use art, lest the hand by its own levity commit an error, which, slight and small in the monad, is accustomed to appear [always?] great and very large in the binary. One paraphrase from any order is admitted only into the service of the secret; for it, after the example of the keeper, whenever a particle of daylight has required it, one phrase similarly adhering is taken up, not several. These things must be [commended?] to a vigilant mind, and care must be taken that the wind not be animated. After this a rule is prescribed for the one approaching the practice of the art: that, so far as he can by mystical art, he imitate the one person of a human being, consisting of two natures, namely the soul surpassing visible things and the flesh remaining visible. For just as the soul is not seen, although it is placed in a visible body, so the secret of the mind, in order that it may remain secret and nonetheless operate at will, requires the guidance of light, while continuing in its workshop of darkness. Therefore, as often as the body serves the soul, the servant the master, the will reason, see that the virtue of the principal power in the light of the paraphrase is preserved in its natural vigor. For by this lesson of the Peripatetics the first will duly [pass] to the second, and the monad will enter the binary. Consequently we likewise admonish the one who wishes, that

as often as a leaf is moved by the wind, he may discern the property of each nature, compare night itself with day by degrees and minutes, and conform darkness to light. But if Phoebus has encroached upon night, or night upon the sun, through which the confusion of an eclipse would arise, either let unity resume the binary which it sent forth in the light, or let the shadow of night be brought back to the first line of the sun. Keep fixed in memory whatever has anywhere been produced in number, weight, and measure. Therefore, when you have cut the knot of the difficulty mentioned, count the minutiae of night, note also the paraphrastic expressions of daylight, and so adjust the one by the other that the necessary proportion may follow the operation. Take care not to interrupt the necessary labor while the eclipse of the sun lasts. Attend no less to being mindful of the ancient fathers, Thuyscon, who, Noah's grandson, is the father of the Teutons, and Marcomer, who is read to have first led the people of the Franks from the borders of Scythia into Germany, to the mouths of the Rhine. For the Franks are brothers of the Greeks, and, mingled with the Germans, once made two languages from one. Hence, according to the oracle, g.g.g. are taken up by those who have lost one g. Finally, student and [inquirer?] of polygraphy, you are warned that, after you, being eager for these inventions, have obtained the true method of operation, you should carefully guard everything, and not pour it out indiscriminately into the knowledge of all, especially filthy men. For this reason do not ask, since you know that there is nothing in the world so good and holy that the wicked do not rather often abuse it for evil.

An index of the things treated in the second book of the Polygraphy.

In the second book of the Polygraphy, nothing new is composed apart from the first; in it only the paraphrastic expressions of the day are varied. Therefore, whatever we said must be observed in that book, we warn must also be kept in this one. For the symbols of both books have been arranged in the same order under the path of light, and necessarily changed only in the signification of the paraphrastic expressions. In both books multiple progressions can be made, according to the capacity of human intelligence, when words are varied by metathesis. The [feronomata?] are also changed at will, whenever the minutes are converted into whole degrees. When this is done, a marvelous work in every respect will arise in the art, and the world, produced in an image in light, will stand, and there will be no fear at all of [unclear] for the operator. I could have given these matters a more beautiful face, if I had approached the task induced to write them either by some hope of profit or by the use of my own advantage. But since none of these things induced me to write, it seemed enough to have given those who desire it the occasion and the material to add more polished things to our inventions, and to adorn art with art.

An indication of the things that are contained in the third book of the Polygraphia.

In the third book of the Polygraphia, having passed beyond the prescribed limits of our nation by the counsel of reason, we are led to foreign things; placed [unclear] in the midst of the Franks, we wander farther through images and likenesses of barbarians. For with almost four thousand mythological phrasmata arranged in order by art, we [unclear] a very easy path for the artificial unity, by which it will communicate symbolic notions to its binary more safely at every time. Here the binary is harder for the unity; unless our philologist is clear-sighted with prudence, he will make the binary contrary to the monad. For only the ternary, which proceeds from unity and the binary, connects both within itself as a palindrome. But if the necessary utility of reason extends beyond the limits of the proposed matter, then as often as necessary the paraphrasmata would [unclear] by minutes from the beginning of the day, until the minutes establish a degree or point in the smallest things. The face of this image knows perpetual silence, nor does it fear the deceits of the bacucei. It is extended in whatever abundance you wish; it is varied without number.

A little index or tablet of the things that are treated in the fourth book.

In the fourth book of the Polygraphia we have put much trust in the binary, which, after all obstacles have been removed, without the labor of difficulty, at first sight we have reduced to unity. Hence here we use a circle in great matters, a line or point in the smallest. Nor does it matter if night surpasses day, or if light does not accord with darkness, because a circle receives no end, and fullness admits no void. For they are contraries; as often as they succeed one another, one is corrupted by the other. He hands down in this fourth book of the Polygraphia a singular mystery useful to the binary, since that airy base itself, the old composer, is never designated in anything other than the binary. But in that part the levity of owls is always suspect to us in difficult matters. The construction of this thing makes paraphrasmata with infinite atoms.

Index or tablet of the things that are treated in the fifth book.

In the fifth book of the Polygraphia we have written in order on two tables the letters of the Latins, which we Germans use; one of these speaks straight, while the other is called reversed. Beneath these we have placed ancient dances, so that what we seek with labor among alien things we may see without difficulty in our own. For besides those things that have been placed openly by us, many more secrets still lie hidden in the inner parts; through understanding them the path for the worker is opened to greater things, which nevertheless are by no means proposed to everyone. We have subjected letters to numbers, by which hidden things may be made manifest according to our will. Hence, by the skilled operation of this book, they securely hand over all messages to cabalistic persons, although the mysteries are not free from suspicion of the bacucei. For every form of metathesis of signs generates suspicion in the observer, although it brings no harm to the owls. But you, who have attained the understanding of this work, will easily penetrate every transposition of letters among our Latins.

A Little Index, or Table, of the Things Contained in the Sixth Book

In the sixth book, which is the last book of our Polygraphy, after introducing mental narration, we have set out in order almost all the minutiae of the preceding signs and degrees, and, with arithmetical distributions, have drawn the functions of the letters into the service of a cabalistic operation. One thing lies hidden here in the bark, and another is found in the common operation of the signs. For just as the spirit in the blood gives life to the human body, so the hidden power in the art commends the operation. Therefore whoever needs knowledge of this invention should open the eyes of his understanding, so that he may comprehend what is the property of each operation. For we desire all things to be pure for good men in such a way that, if it were possible, they should never become manifest to the wicked. A cause compelled us to fit Latin letters to numbers, lest, if we were too obscure, the intention of our mind should be plain to no one. Yet this novelty, lest it should become public without reasonable cause, had to be mystically concealed under unknown signs and marks of numbering. For [unclear], nocturnal things are stronger than diurnal ones; and just as night in its order overtakes day, so light shrinks from darkness. What nature denies, no one successfully dares. We ask the reader not to condemn this laborious work of ours before he understands it, but, that he may be a judge without rashness, let him prudently remove the bark, until he comes to the hidden kernel. The work is good and natural, capable of being turned to good use or bad, according as the desire of each one’s will is moved. The sword is a good instrument, and it too is turned to a good use whenever it is carried for defense without injury to one’s neighbor. But if it is stretched out unjustly to harm anyone, by abuse a good thing is relaxed into evil. Therefore, so that good men may have something by which they may prudently attend to their affairs, Polygraphy is written by us; and lest it furnish the wicked with an occasion for sinning, the kernel is hidden in the bark under various enigmas. He who is good does not abuse the good for evil; rather, if he can, he turns evil into good.

What Are the [unclear] of This Work

We undertook the labor of the present work, rare and arduous as it is, for no other reason than to provide for the utility of those in need. I say “in need” not of food, not of drink, but of assistance in the preservation of mystical things without danger. We therefore judge it worthwhile if we briefly note the uses and advantages that may come to those using these inventions of ours. For indeed, since in our private affairs there are no matters such that we need these doctrines for the concealment of secrets, we have certainly labored for those whose [command?] had to be obeyed. The first advantage is that a complete understanding of this work gives the person in need an easy method by which you will make the secret of your mind known, safely, secretly, and without any suspicion on the part of any observers, to one who knows the skill of the art, however widely there may be need, at whatever distance of places, by regulated speech. What lies hidden in these things, the work of Steganography brings out, for it does not require a messenger who knows the secrets he carries. It would be otherwise in matters admitting the light, according to the common custom of us all. Do not take the matter otherwise than it is. The second advantage is that, by the service of this work, in the space of a short time, a man ignorant of the Latin language, provided only that he who knows how to read and write in his mother tongue, you will teach him to write in the Latin tongue as you wish, ornately or concisely, and to conceal and hide all the secret mysteries of his will, and by the art and knowledge to announce them, to whomever he pleases, very widely, safely, secretly, and without suspicion. Again I warn you in advance, lest you understand us to have promised, or to be promising, otherwise. The third benefit is that you will teach one ignorant of the Roman speech, not only in a few hours, as we promise, to write and read, but also to understand, if you prudently apply the duty of the office; this we have thought should not be rejected without reasonable cause. For the disciple of the new art will write in whatever tongue he has known, and, with the Latin discourse composed under regulated instruction, he will understand and interpret it, if you yourself help him word for word; that will suffice. Finally, this instruction can be extended to all the things and affairs of the world. How these things can be done, if anyone wishes to know from me, let him first remember to show himself such that he deserves to receive them. For all things are not owed to all, but one man is to be preferred to another. The fourth benefit is that, by extending the likeness of the thing received, all these things can be extended into any language whatever, the binary instruction being reduced to unity. Yet not just any man can do this, but only he whom God, going before him with his special grace, and art and nature have dignified. The fifth benefit is that, by imitation of likeness, we can communicate by the art of our invented knowledge whatever secrets of our mind we wish, to whomever we wish, in many ways and very widely, by various methods, which can be known or observed by no other person. Here is given a manifold speech without voice, through which safely, securely, very widely, with all suspicion removed, we shall be able to indicate most fully to those who know the art all the conceptions of our mind, however difficult. And this marvelous invention has innumerable progressions, capable of all mysteries. The sixth benefit is that, through understanding this work, you will be able to discover any regulated metathesis, or transposition, of letters, and nevertheless to form them in such a way that it serves only those who know the art, and absolutely no one else in the world. And great is the power of metathesis in form, and likewise in operation, since it both has several modes and is varied in many ways. The seventh benefit is that, through understanding this volume, a very great faculty is given to those who desire to enlarge their memory without labor, whenever the seeds of minutiae are placed in their proper degrees. All things, for the sake of goodness, lie hidden, wrapped in the secrets of words and figures; if anyone desires to understand them more fully, let him call to mind that unrelenting labor conquers all things. For it will have been enough for me to have handed down the principles of the invented art, and the rude, and deliberately unformed, method of writing symbolically. For there was neither time nor reason for our inventions to be shaped in a more polished form, lest honey produce vomiting in those who are nauseated, or truth produce hatred in those who are indignant. Every time must be valued according to its own merits, and swine are not to be adorned with pearls, nor loaded with precious gems. All things are unsuitable that do not accord with customs and the time.

of mortals upon whom they are thrust. Many of the noblest talents of men have existed in times not their own, and more new things are found almost every day in times not suited to them. What did the wonderful invention of the nautical art profit the distinguished [artificer?] Bartholo under Pope Innocent VIII, which in a certain little book he promised for sale for one hundred thousand ducats, when neither the supreme pontiff himself, nor the Venetians, nor the Genoese, to whom he proposed that his device be bought, deigned even for a small sum to come to terms with him? For he promised that within thirty months, by his art, he could preserve a ship unharmed in the middle of the sea, repair it when broken, and recover without danger whatever had been cast into the deep. But no one cared. Nor does it escape me that many have perished, with Naso, through their own talent. It is therefore better to set a limit to knowledge than, without profit, to expose oneself to the hatred and detraction of many, for whom it is more familiar to despise any knowledge whatever than to have learned it.

Here is the end of the preface, on the seventh day of April, in the year of the Lord’s nativity 1508.

The First Book of the Polygraphia, addressed to Caesar Maximilian, by Johannes Trithemius, abbot of [Paeapolis?], formerly of Sponheim.

Twenty-four are the letters, or characters, of the signs of the Latin language; when set in order before just as many significant words, they serve most abundantly in all respects, according to the wish of each person working in this art, for secrets. These paraphrases are arranged artificially in such a way that they make a wholly Latin discourse, if only one is taken from each order. And it should be noted that, by reason of our German speech, the twenty-fourth letter, the letter w, is taken at the end of the alphabet, since all the rest perform service for both languages. We have placed the co-signifying words with such industry in order that, whichever one you take from each line, once the total reckoning has been made, agreement will remain. Yet circumspection is needed, so that from any line of syntax you take no more than one, and no unit do injury to the binary. Provision must also be made that, as often as you approach the cabalistic operation, you first count the minutes of the night, each and every one, and join them in due proportion to the degrees of the following day. But if the minutes, by the secret institution, do not suffice to the end for the degrees of the day, the windy runner must by prudent counsel be led back to the arch-measurer [unclear].

Nor does it matter if by chance night falls back upon the head of the day, since a prudent operator in the art can withdraw by voluntary addition from the front by as much as he sees the night exceed the light of the day. And this is to be understood throughout the whole work of the Polygraphia concerning the individual chapters. Yet we say that this consideration must be assigned to the unit, by which the binary is certified by the known little sign of return, lest it happen to go astray. From the monad, according to what has been established, the binary will stand, and the monad is produced. Nothing is put here in vain, nothing alleged without cause or idly. Therefore we necessarily warn everyone who wishes to transcribe this work of our Polygraphia, either in whole or in part, that he first take diligent care not to depart in anything from our archetype, nor skip, neglect, or transpose any word whatsoever. Indeed, if he has omitted one letter or word in substantial matters, if he has changed a word contrary to its nature, he has made the course of the whole work useless. Therefore let him either transcribe it exactly, or not transcribe it.

There follow the words of the first order, with the minutes, toward the degrees.

1 a God b most clement c pious d most pious e great f exalted g greatest h best i most wise k invisible l immortal m eternal n everlasting o glorious p strongest q most holy r incomprehensible s omnipotent t peace-making v merciful x most merciful y all-powerful z magnificent 2v most excellent A B t a creating b ruling c preserving d moderating e governing f ordering g adorning h embellishing i establishing k directing l producing m decorating n stabilizing o illuminating p beholding q warning r confirming s guarding t seeing v discerning x enlightening y fashioning z saving 20 making a heavens b heavenly things c supercelestial things d world e worldly things f men g human things h angels i angelic things k earth l earthly things m time n temporal things o age p everlasting things q all things s all things universal t sphere v stars x sun y stars z of life 20 living things a may bestow b to all c to all universally d upon believers e upon us f upon Christians g upon the faithful h upon those asking i upon those seeking k upon those entreating l upon those entreating m upon those petitioning n upon those demanding o upon those asking p upon worshippers of Christ q upon those inquiring r upon those requiring s upon those seeking out t upon those wishing v upon those earnestly wishing x upon those preferring y upon those waiting z upon those hoping 2v upon those desiring 7 8 a life a that will remain b pleasantness b eternal c delight c everlasting d consolation d heavenly e joy e super-heavenly f glory f perpetual g happiness g most blessed h blessedness h angelic i vision i seraphic k jubilation k immortal l rest l unfading m repose m ineffable with all n dwelling n incomprehensible with all universally o habitation p luminous q enjoyment q splendid r light r most lucid s exultation t perennial v peace v most holy x tranquillity x endless y glorification y sweetest z contemplation z perfect 20 future 90 a with the saints b with the heavenly ones c with the super-heavenly ones d eternal e perpetual f everlasting g of ages h a holy age i age k in the kingdom of heaven l in the highest places m in the lofty places n in paradise o on Olympus p paradisiacal q Olympian r in splendors s in happiness t with the glorious x in honor y in magnificence z in perpetual light 2v in the heavenly homeland. Amen.

ij 12 a Majesty a of the highest b Goodness b of the great c Sweetness c of the greatest d Charity d of the supreme e Wisdom e of the exalted f Power f of the best g Pity g of the most renowned h Kindness h of the most holy i Gentleness i of the most powerful k Excellence k of the wisest l Piety l of the strongest m Sweetness m of the gentlest n Brightness n of the highest o Mercy o of the mightiest p Divinity p of the almighty q Loftiness q of the all-powerful r Immensity r of the everlasting s Virtue t of the most glorious t Fortitude v of the ineffable x Love x of the immortal y Munificence z of the most eminent z Perfection 2v of the most merciful 13 14 a of the creator a to Christians b of the parent b to worshippers of Christ c of the savior c to the faithful d of the redeemer d to believers e of the beginning e to the baptized f of the founder f to those reborn g of the maker g to the living h of the maker h to mortals i of the preserver i to all k of the ruler k to us l of the author l to the good m of the craftsman m to the just n of the one ruling n always to the pious o of the ruler o everywhere to the saints p of the king p to the gentle r of the emperor r to the justified s of the prince s to the devout t of the mover t to the frail x of the judge x to those hoping y of the liberator y to those falling z of the governor z to those sinning 20 of the protector 20 to sinners 15 a sincerely b sincerely c most sincerely d devoutly e most devoutly f humbly g fervently h most fervently k ardently l most ardently m prudently o wisely p cordially r most cordially s affectionately t most affectionately v reverently x most urgently y most strongly z most constantly 20 cheerfully 16 a to be preached b to be evangelized c to be prayed d to be adored e to be entreated f to be worshipped g to be cherished h to be remembered i to be remembered again k to be thought upon l to be thought upon again m to be contemplated n to be invoked o to be glorified q to be blessed r to be venerated s to be loved t to be cherished v to be praised x to be praised together y to be extolled z to be exalted 20 to be magnified 17 98 a by many a words b by very many b teachings c by [unclear] many c institutes d by several d instructions e by many e warnings f by various f admonitions g by diverse g admonitions h by holy h inspirations i by most holy i doctrines k by sacred k sermons l by consecrated l writings m by most sacred m commandments, us n by necessary n persuasions, us o by useful o precepts p by most useful p counsels q by excellent q commands r by honorable r exhortations s by very frequent s exhortations t by manifest t illuminations u by continual u illustrations x by saving x promises y by examples y promised [things] z by instincts z [unclear] 19 20 a wretched a men b poor little b little men c pitiable c mortals d miserable d Christians e most wretched e worshippers of Christ f most unhappy f orthodox g unhappy g pilgrims h frail h exiles i unstable i exiled ones k fragile k sinners l weak l those sinning m unclean m those living n vain n those straying o most vain o wayfarers p abject p those about to die q most abject q those wandering r lost r workers s unjust s hirelings t wicked t operators v stained v those sleeping x foolish x earth-born ones y stupid y and desolate ones z changeable z worldly ones rv most infirm rv earthly ones 21 a imbues; b the world; c worldly things; d worldly matters; e the age; f secular things; g changeable things; h corruptible things; i vain things; k vanities; l earthly things; m carnal things; n luxury; o riches; p of mortality; q transitory things; r passing things; s lower things; t visible things; u perishable things; x pleasures; y riches; z honors; 20 lowest things.

22 23 a love; b affection; c charity; d reverence; e honor; f veneration; g regard; h memory; i consideration; k attachment; l acquisition; m devotion; n union; o virtue; p choice; q hope; r faith; s confidence; t delight; v attainment; x repayment; z reward.

24 a of the Savior; b of the Redeemer; c of the Liberator; d of the Creator; e of the Founder; f of the Fashioner; g of the Author; h of the Maker; i of the Craftsman; k of the Mover; l of the Preserver; m of the Governor; n of the Commander; o of the Maker; p of the Builder; q of the Illuminator; r of the Enlightener; s of the King; t of the Director; u of the Rescuer; y of the Giver of life; z of the Inspector; 2v of the Producer.

25 a of heavenly things; b of things above; c of supercelestial things; d of angels; e of men; f of the faithful; g of believers; h of those to be saved; k of all things; l of all collectively; m of all; n of eternal things; o of mortal things; p of living things; r of good things; s of future things; t of divine things; x of human things; y of salutary things; z of spiritual things; 20 of immortal things.

26 a to contemn; b to hold cheap; c to reckon as a trifle; d to leave behind; e to abandon; f to spurn; g to cast away; h to despise; i to throw away; k to desert; l to regard as of little account, and also; m to flee; n to tread on; o to trample underfoot; p to deny; q to put after; r to dismiss; s not to care for; t to neglect; u to detest; x to scorn; y to ignore; z not to know; 20 to abhor.

27 a good things; b gifts; c joys; d a good thing; e a gift; f joy; g light; h advantage; i kingdom; k a gift; l gifts; m remuneration; n repayment; o enjoyment; p victory; q life; r glory; s honor; t splendor; u pleasantness; x riches; y banquets; z fellowship.

28 a of eternal; b of everlasting; c of things above; d of everlasting; e of perennial; f of future; g of angelic; h of heavenly; i of supercelestial; k of immortal; l of invisible; m of promised; n of promised again; o of most holy; p of holy; q of prepared; r of perpetual; s of Christian; t of gleaming; v of ineffable; x of inestimable; z of unchangeable; y of highest; z of highest.

29 30 a of happiness; a with care; b of pleasantness; b with diligence; c of blessedness; c with solicitude; d delight; d with vigilance; e of rest; e with zeal; f of a dwelling; f with effort; g of sweetness; g with endeavor; h of habitation; h with striving; i of exultation; i with desire; k of brightness; k with trust; l of pleasure; l with confidence; m of jubilation, with every thought, according to one’s strength; n of joy, with one’s whole thought, according to one’s ability; o of [unclear]; o with assiduity; p of honorableness; p with longing; q of firmness; q with desire; r of security; r with concupiscence; s of tranquility; s with affection; t of repose; t with feeling; v of majesty; v with virtue; x of peace; x with devotion; y of constancy; y with patience; z of festivity; z with humility; [rv] of solemnity; 2v with charity.

31 a to desire; b to seek; c to inquire; d to search out thoroughly; e to require; f to wish; g to long for; h to wish greatly; i to ask; k to seek after; l to desire; m to await; n to expect; o to demand urgently; p to think; r to love; t to cherish; v to remember; y to affect; z to covet; 2v to sigh for.

32 a amendment; b penance; c contrition; d discipline; e instruction; f teaching; g holiness; h modesty; i [unclear]; k correction; l continence; m temperance. Therefore, O; n abstinence. [James?] you; o devotion; p humility; q purity; r chastity; s patience; t obedience; x integrity; y providence; z cleanliness; rv charity; [unclear].

33 34 a wretched; b men; b most wretched; c mortals; c pitiable; d Christians; d to be pitied; e worldly persons; e most unhappy; f earth-born; f unhappy; g worldly; g senseless; h believers; h corruptible; i orthodox; i changeable; k carnal; k most foolish; l pilgrims; l most stupid; m exiles; m most vain; n exiled persons; n poor little wretches; o earthly persons; o foolish; q sinners; p stupid; p carnal persons; q vain; r lovers; r perishable; s neglecters; s corrupt; t despisers; t disgraceful; v mockers; v sluggish; x men; x wicked; y wayfarers; y lost; z living; z calamitous; z deserters; B; B.

35 a receive; b take back; c take up; d undertake; e begin; f commence; g assume; h reassume; i learn; k learn; l take; m love, in order that to [unclear]; n keep; o observe; p guard; q hasten; r put on; s preserve; t practice; v frequent; x celebrate; y perform; z inquire; 20 seek out thoroughly.

36 a everlasting things; b eternal things; c future things; d things to come; e things coming upon; f promised things; g things promised again; h things above; i ineffable things; k inestimable things; l most blessed things; m happiest things; n most delightful things; o wished-for things; p desirable things; q blessed things; r happy things; s prepared things; t things prepared beforehand; v heavenly things; x supercelestial things; y holy things; z desired things; 20 or expected things.

37 a banquets b gifts c goods d joys e consolations f rewards g hidden things h secrets i dwelling-places k abodes l receptacles m sights n lodgings o feasts p revels q gifts r fellowships s solemnities t bowers v festive things x jewels y benefits z pleasant things 20 kingdoms 38 a of the saints b of the just c of the elect d of the angels e of the archangels f of the thrones g of the powers h of those who rule i of the principalities k of the virtues l of the patriarchs m of the prophets n of the apostles o of the martyrs p of the innocents q of the blessed r of those exulting s of friends t of servants v of attendants x of disciples y of lovers z of the faithful 21 of imitators 39 a of the savior b of the redeemer c of the liberator d of the founder e of the deliverer f of the helper g of the [helper?] h of the fashioner i of the comforter k of the benefactor l of the creator m of the king n of the leader o of the lord p of the emperor q of the ruler r of the governor s of the rewarder t of the lover u of the shepherd x of the guardian y of the maker z of the nourisher 20 a of all b of all collectively c of all universally d of human beings e of mortals f of the living g of the world h of us i of the earth k of heaven l of the heavens m of the souls possessed by God n of the faithful. Fare well o of the good p of the humble q of believers r of Christians s of the orthodox t of earth-born people v of the devout x of the pious y of the just z of the meek 20 of those who hope 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 41 a to be brought in b to be admitted within c to be admitted d to reach e to ascend f to climb up g to come h to arrive i to enter k to go in l to enter m to be raised n to be lifted up o to pass over p to migrate q to emigrate r to fly s to fly out t to fly through x [unclear] y to be led through z to be borne 2v to be exalted 42 a forever b eternally c everlastingly d forever e everlastingly f perpetually g perpetually h continually i perpetually k without end l happily m most happily n always o continually p continuously q unceasingly r most sweetly s much t very greatly v ineffably x beyond measure y incredibly z incessantly 43 44 a rejoicing b Beware c May you beware d Take precautions e Withdraw f May you withdraw g Depart h Flee i May you flee k May you depart l Flee m Turn aside n May you turn aside o Abstain p May you abstain q May you attend r Attend s Take refuge t May you take refuge u Spare x May you spare y Spare z Be absent rv Therefore escape, then a 45 a from vain things b from false things c from fleeting things d from foul things e from perishable things f from transitory things g from lying things h from deceitful things i from deceptive things k from vicious things l from contagious things m from most false things n from most vicious things o from corruptible things p from fraudulent things q from treacherous things r from affairs s from riches t from business u from honors v from pleasures x from desires y from consolations z from possessions aa from deceptions bb from traditions of this present [unclear] cc from delights dd from comforts ee from studies ff from cares gg from branches of knowledge hh from frivolities ii from actions kk from curiosities ll from entanglements mm from anxieties nn from exercises 46 48 a life; b weddings; c riches; d joys; e visions; f songs; g consolations; h recreations; i pleasures; k dwellings; l habitations; m modulations; n solemnities; o delights; p contemplations; q speculations; r blessings; s gifts; t praises; u rewards; v of transmigration; zv banquets; x [unclear]; y of exile; z of captivity; A [unclear] to “because you are” to B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z ZV A

Accumulation concerning words in the first book of the divine [unclear]. Its title is: On the Word and on Truth.

But that a word has only one signification, but many modes of application, that is, sometimes to place, sometimes to time, sometimes to person, sometimes to number, sometimes to case, sometimes to accidental words, sometimes to a preposition, sometimes to substantives, sometimes to a participle, sometimes to a pronoun, sometimes to a negative word, sometimes to a doubtful word, sometimes to an interrogative word, sometimes to a conclusive word, sometimes to a [unclear] word, sometimes to a concluding word, sometimes to a continuing word, sometimes to a containing word, sometimes to a terminating word, sometimes to a compelled word, sometimes to a prohibited word, sometimes to a necessary word, sometimes to a possible word, sometimes to possible words, sometimes to an impossible word, sometimes to words of certainty, sometimes to a certain word, sometimes to an uncertain word, sometimes to the word “formerly,” sometimes to the word “while,” sometimes to the word “now,” sometimes to the word “today,” sometimes to the word “nevertheless,” sometimes to the word “therefore,” sometimes to the word “because,” sometimes to the word “if,” sometimes to the word “as,” sometimes to the word “that/as,” sometimes to the word “therefore,” sometimes to the word “but,” sometimes to the word “also,” sometimes to the word “toward,” sometimes to the word “against,” sometimes to the word “then,” sometimes to the word “still,” sometimes to the word “afterward,” sometimes to the word “when/since,” sometimes to the word “surely not?,” sometimes to the word “nor,” sometimes to the word “and also,” sometimes to the word “just as,” sometimes to the word “thus,” sometimes to the word “so,” sometimes to the word “to have,” sometimes to the word “to be,” sometimes to the word “will seem,” sometimes to the word “seems,” sometimes to the word “will have seen,” sometimes to the word [unclear], sometimes to words of truth, sometimes to the word “will be judged,” sometimes to the word “is judged,” sometimes to the word “will be judged,” sometimes to the word “is judged,” sometimes to the word “is known,” sometimes to the word “will be known,” sometimes to the word “may be known,” sometimes to the word “to know,” sometimes to the word “to be believed,” sometimes to the word “will be believed,” sometimes to the word “believed,” sometimes to the word “to be hoped for,” sometimes to the word [unclear], sometimes to the word “to be despised,” sometimes to the word “would despise,” sometimes to the word “let him despise,” sometimes to the word “let me despise,” sometimes to the word “let them be despised,” sometimes to the word [unclear], sometimes to the word “you despise,” sometimes to the word “he despises,” sometimes to the word [unclear], sometimes to the word “he will despise,” sometimes to the word [unclear], sometimes to the word “I despise,” sometimes to the word “despise,” sometimes to the word “you may despise,” sometimes to the word “despise,” sometimes to the word “you will despise,” sometimes to the words [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], “will have awaited,” “will have awaited,” “will have sought,” “it is expedient,” “it would be expedient,” “it will have been expedient,” “to be expedient,” “it will be expedient,” “they will be dispatched,” “quickly,” [unclear], “they dispatched,” [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], “they would have been expedient,” [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], “they had been expedient,” [unclear], “you would be expedient,” “you will be expedient,” “expedient,” [unclear], [unclear], “expedient,” [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear], [unclear].

49 a of the kind b of the heavenly c of the supreme d of the supremely kind e of the most gracious f of the sweetest g of the highest h of the highest i of the greatest k of the best l of the honey-sweet m of the most just n of the merciful o of the compassionate p of the almighty q of the most powerful r of the all-powerful s of the most loving t of the glorious v of the most glorious z of the most excellent of the creator of the maker of the savior of the fashioner of the redeemer of the liberator of the deliverer of the mover of the maker of the judge of the king of the ruler of the emperor of the governor of the life-giver of the illuminator of the lord of the preserver of the administrator of the moderator of the disposer of the ordainer of the adorner 50 51 52 a of heaven b divine c supernal d supercelestial e superdivine f everlasting g spiritual h ethereal i bright k eternal l best m perennial n most blessed o most quiet p most pleasant q [unclear] r most splendid s most bright t splendid v most clear x immortal y holy z glorious zv secure 53 54 a happily called b sweetly summoned c mercifully called to d compassionately recalled e most compassionately chosen f most graciously invited g most happily ordained h most sweetly chosen beforehand i more sweetly foreordained k more gently predestined l lovingly predisposed m specially to be assumed n singularly about to enter o principally about to go in p graciously to be introduced q chiefly to be admitted r most holily to be recalled s originally to be summoned t most gently to be ordained v indulgently to be invited x most indulgently to be brought back y joyfully about to return z gladly about to pass over 55 a Behold b See c Discern d Look e Inspect f Look back g Behold h Perceive i Consider k Weigh carefully l Take notice m Weigh n Think o Attend p Notice q Know r Remember s Recognize t Look around v Acknowledge x Understand y Know z Call to mind 20 corruptible 56 a wretched b poor little wretches c unhappy d pitiable e most wretched f miserable g most unhappy h most abject i most vain k wicked l unjust m perishable n abject fools p foolish q unwise r slothful, most foolish t most foolish v most wicked x negligent y most negligent z most forgetful 2v corruptible 54 a men a quickly b little men b more quickly c worldly persons c most quickly d worldly d swiftly e earthly e most swiftly f earthly f most rapidly g mortals g very quickly h kings h rapidly i rich men i more rapidly k princes k quickly l rulers l more swiftly m prelates m sooner n shepherds than n suddenly o those who rule o more suddenly p common people p most suddenly q hearers q speedily r worshipers of Christ r without delay s Christians s incessantly t readers t most swiftly u peoples u daily x leaders x day by day y pontiffs y continually z monks z always ꝝ priests ꝛv constantly C E8 L 59 60 a are changed b all things b are altered c all things c are changed d worldly things d are transformed e worldly things e are exchanged f secular things f are transformed g earthly things g pass away h earthly things h pass away i temporal things i slip away k desirable things k perish l pleasing things l flee m beautiful things which now n vanish o your desired things which o waste away p desirable things p flee away q transitory things q flee away r bodily things r fall down s lower things s collapse t visible things t are inclined u sensible things u corrupt x delightful things x are alternated y things capable of being desired y fail z material things z fall zv corruptible things 2v withdraw a all things mod d mod d of all things O of all things G of all things I of all things Q of all things P of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things P of all things Q of all things R of all things S of all things T of all things U of all things V of all things W of all things X of all things Y of all things Z of all things A of all things B of all things C of all things D of all things E of all things F of all things G of all things H of all things I of all things J of all things K of all things L of all things M of all things N of all things O of all things 61 a badly b perversely c most wickedly d impurely e ardently f more ardently g most impiously h most fervently k more diligently l most diligently m more fervently with n more studiously o diligently than p fervently q studiously r too much s anxiously t anxious x stubbornly y stubborn z most stubbornly z rashly 62 a from sin b from danger c from damnation d from malignity e from restlessness f from perversity g from loss h from ambition i from pride k from injustice l from impiety m from impurity n from malice o from deceit p from falsity q from crime r from offense s from shameful deed t from crime v from fraudulence x from iniquity y from avarice z from adhesion 2v from stain C ij C ij 63 a you hold b you retain c you have d you love e you cherish f you possess g you covet h you behold i you seek k you desire l you see m you discern [unclear] n you look upon o you inquire after p you seek q you make much of r you make great s you embrace t you gather u you hold back x you occupy y you collect z you bring together 20 you desire 21 wind 22 breath 23 shadow 24 cloud 25 mist 26 straw 27 little cloud 28 dream 29 nothingness 30 sound 31 smoke 32 dung 33 dust 34 snow 35 ice 36 hoarfrost 37 thunder 38 thunderclaps 39 shouting 40 outcry 41 little shade 42 hay 65 a you will fail b you will vanish c you will be dissolved d you will be destroyed e you will be corrupted f you will depart g you will die h you will be snatched away i you will pass away k you will perish l you will [unclear] m you will fall n you will fall down o you will perish p you will be taken away q you will breathe your last r you will migrate s you will go away t you will collapse u you will depart x you will be annihilated z you await 20 66 a you think b you reckon c you count d you will think e you will reckon f you sigh g you will consider beforehand h you will count i you will consider k you [unclear] l you believe m you observe n you will fear o you fear p you will be afraid q you dread r you judge s you take precautions t you await C iiij [unclear]

67 a Now b Therefore now c Now then d Therefore now e Now therefore f Therefore now g Wherefore h For this reason i Therefore k Because l Hence m And for this reason n On account of this o And therefore p Come now q Therefore r Accordingly s Wherefore t You therefore u You then x You therefore y For which reason z You now 2v Now you 68 a brothers b fellow brothers c mortals d little men e fellow soldiers f men g peoples h faithful i Christians k worshippers of Christ l earth-born ones m earthly ones n believers o orthodox p earthly q worldly r worldly s pitiable t most wretched v miserable x poor wretches y wretched z poor 2v very poor 69 70 a think b desirable c sweetest d pleasant e honorable f most pleasant g best h desirable i good k sweet l pleasant m delightful n consoling o most delightful p most beautiful q beautiful r glorious s great t honorable v to be desired x greatest y wondrous z beatifying rv praiseworthy C iiij 51 52 a of choirs b of the elect c of friends d of lovers e of attendants f of servants g of servants h of ministers i of priests k of the blessed l of angels m of archangels n of apostles o of martyrs p of the humble q of the righteous r of prophets s of patriarchs t of heavenly dwellers v of confessors x of beloved ones y of disciples z of dearest ones rv of most loving ones a of God b of Christ c of the Father d of the maker e of the author f of the fashioner g of the creator h of the founder i of the Lord k of the ruler l of the commander m of the governor n of the prince o of the director p of the one who rules q of the mover r of the judge s of the helper t of the aider u of the administrator x of the rewarder y of the almighty z of the all-powerful ab comprehensible ineffable immortal greatest best great powerful perfect ours of all of all collectively of all universally most holy most powerful most merciful most pious sweetest mildest Without without a from an end b from dread c from fear d from fear e from a boundary f from change g from alteration h from disturbance i from perturbation k from turmoil l from termination m from interruption n from mutability o from need p from failure q from disgust r from want s from weariness t from nausea v from poverty x from scarcity y from cessation z from alteration 20 from corruption a always b continually c perpetually d forever e everlastingly f eternally g perpetually h most happily i happily k sweetly l pleasantly m continuously to be present: and to be at hand: and n everlastingly o constantly p constantly q unceasingly r without end s most pleasantly t most sweetly v most quietly x most securely y most joyfully z most gladly 20 rejoicingly a face b of the great c of the greatest d of the most holy e of the highest f of the most pious g of the holy h of the high i of the pious k of the blessed l of the good m of the renowned n of the powerful o of the most renowned p of the almighty q of the all-powerful r of the most gentle s of the most benign t of the most loving v of the most merciful x of the most excellent y of the supreme z of the heavenly 2v of the everlasting a of the ruler; a of all b of the founder; b of all collectively c of the creator; c of all universally d of the lover; d of mortals e of the defender; e of heavenly beings f of the commander; f of the heavens g of the fashioner; g of men h of the enlightener; h of the just i of the illuminator; i of his own k of the preserver; k of the humble l of the restorer; l of Christians m of the life-giver; m of the worshippers of Christ [unclear] n of the restorer; n of principalities [unclear] o of the governor; o of the orthodox p of the justifier; p of believers q of the sanctifier; q of the faithful r of the moderator; r of the poor s of the searcher; s of spiritual things t of the knower; t of spirits v of the examiner; v of souls x of the discerner; x of minds y of the guardian; y of hearts z of the mover; z of bodies rv of the nourisher; rv of the living

[unclear]

83 a continually b always c continuously d pleasantly e incessantly f unceasingly g unceasingly h joyfully i cheerfully k sweetly l gladly m perfectly n sweetly o perpetually p everlastingly q eternally r constantly s happily t ardently u fervently x exultantly y most joyfully z most gladly 84 a to see b to discern c to behold d to gaze upon e to look up at f to look upon g to look back at h to see through i to catch sight of k to inspect l to look ahead m to contemplate n to observe o to participate p to share q to have present r to have before one s to esteem t to love v to wonder at x to admire y to admire z to know w to recognize 85 a of the Blessed b of the Elect c of those rejoicing d of those exulting e of those glad f of those dwelling together g of those dwelling h of those existing i of the Saints k of those remaining l of those abiding m of those living; for in, indeed, in, of all, of everyone n of the Faithful o in eminence p in the firmament q in spiritual things r in promises s in promises t in eternity v in charity x in brightness y in the kingdom of God z on thrones [unclear] supreme 86 a in heaven b in the heavens c in heavenly places d in supercelestial places e in Olympian places f in heavenly places g in eternal places h in paradise i in the places above k in the highest places l in lofty places m in the homeland n in divine things o in eminence p in the firmament [unclear] in spiritual things r in promises s in promises t [unclear] v [unclear] x [unclear] y [unclear] z [unclear] [unclear] 87 88 a one b rest c joy d exultation e jubilation f consolation g refreshment h blessedness i recreation k delightfulness l [unclear] m peace which in no way n life o glory p enjoyment q full enjoyment r fellowship s [unclear] t festivity u solemnity x brightness y happiness z sweetness w concord 89 90 a fails b remains c will last d will remain e will persevere f perseveres g remains h is continued i is extended k is extended l is changed m is made constant n will be made constant o will be continued p is enlarged q is increased r will grow s is widened t will be had u is possessed v is had 91 a ages b an age c an age d eternity e all ages f eternal ages g everlasting h ages of ages i everlasting ages k ages of ages l perpetual ages m perpetual ages n eternal time o infinite ages p all ages q everlasting r perpetual s all time t all time v infinite x everlasting ages y all times z every age 20 See 30 Attend 40 Observe 50 Weigh 60 Consider 70 Take notice 80 Remember 90 Reflect 100 Think 110 Direct your attention 120 Weigh 130 Recognize now, therefore 140 Acknowledge 150 Look into 160 Look back upon 170 Behold 180 Look ahead 190 Weigh carefully 200 Deliberate 210 Recognize again 220 Turn over in your minds 230 Understand 240 Discern 93 94 a brothers b good men c excellent men d beloved men e dear men f Christians g worshippers of Christ h most faithful men i very friendly men k devout men l studious men m wise men n prudent men o intelligent men p distinguished men q learned men r instructed men s lettered men t sensible men u most devout men x most illustrious men z worldly men y mortals 95, 96 a you fear / founder b you believe / creator c you dread / maker d you are afraid of / author e you are terrified of / craftsman f you honor / redeemer g you fear / lord h you adore / savior i you call to mind / redeemer k you invoke / giver of life l you beseech / ruler m you await / commander n you love / preserver o you love / governor p you worship / fashioner q you acknowledge / fabricator r you know / moderator s you venerate / producer t you love dearly / lover v you trust in / adornment-maker x you wait for / adorner y you glorify / revealer z justifier / sanctifier 97 a of the world b almighty c sweetest d most loving e most pious f most merciful g most kindly h most merciful i most gentle k kindly l gentle m of the earth, Jesus God n [unclear]; why are you [unclear] o good p just q good r merciful s indulgent t honey-sweet v glorious y desirable z unchangeable 2v uncircumscribed 98 99 100 a made / Certainly b called / Surely c chosen / Is it not so? d created / Indeed e founded / In truth f fabricated / Undoubtedly g fashioned / Without doubt h baptized / Undoubtedly i ordained / Without doubt k called together / Most certainly l preordained / Most truly m predestined / Indeed, for n gathered / For indeed, for o brought to life / [unclear] p led / Plainly q deputed / Truly r united / I know that s assumed / I say that t summoned / I think that u obliged / I reckon that x united / I affirm that y begotten / Know that z instituted / Know that rv born / Know that 101 102 a to be loved / constantly b to be worshipped / continually c to be feared / always d to be known / continuously e to be sought / fervently f to be sought after / unceasingly g to be searched for / without ceasing h to be sought out / most fervently i to be greatly loved / most cordially k to be praised together / most devoutly l to be blessed / cordially m to be praised / ardently n to be loved / devoutly o to be honored / purely p to be feared / attentively q to be invoked / daily r to be recalled / humbly s to be glorified / most willingly t to be magnified / reverently v to be extolled / most affectionately x to be honored / reverentially y to be exalted / most prudently z to be adored / [unclear] 2v to be venerated / most prudently 103 104 a most merciful maker b most indulgent / creator c most kindly / founder d most merciful / benefactor e eternal / fashioner f most loving / fabricator g most pious / moderator h immortal / protector i greatest / receiver k best / ruler l great / king m pious / judge n just / father o sweet / shepherd p eternal / mover q holy / preserver r kindly / governor s most holy / giver of life t merciful / commander v strongest / redeemer x supercelestial / savior y highest / consoler z brightest / arbiter rv most excellent / director 905 906 a your / you b our / us c of all / all d of all / all e of all / all f of believers / believers g of the supercelestial / men h of the celestial / faithful i of the heavens / his own k of heaven / the living l of the world / mortals m of men / the poor, through n of the faithful / sinners, through o of worldly things / unbelievers p of worldly men / gentiles q of invisible things / the impious r visible things / peoples s of lands / the ignorant t of lands / those who wander u of the earth / those who stray x of the world / the dead y of the living / the sick z of mortals / the weak 2v of angels / those who are perishing a faith; a called b hope; b recalled c confidence; c summoned d victory; d ordained e passion; e preordained f love; f predestined g charity; g restored h compassion; h restored i pity; i reformed k mercy; k formed l indulgence; l brought back m clemency; m redeemed to n piety; n chose in o grace; o established p patience; p restored q sweetness; q received r meekness; r placed s kindness; s placed together t belief; t exalted v love; v raised up x appearing; x confirmed y doctrine; y made firm z gospel; z strengthened 20 munificence; 20 raised up a life b everlasting c eternal d about to come upon us e unfading f incorruptible g endless h heavenly i supercelestial k angelic l celestial m perpetual n immortal o ineffable p abiding q enduring r apostolic s of the apostles t of the angels v of eternity y of divinity z of majesty rv of the prophets a O gracious one; a shaper b O gentle one; b maker c O sweet one; c governor d O one to be worshiped; d emperor e O one to be adored; e preserver f O most dutiful one; f ruler g O most dutiful one; g founder h O blessed one; h creator i O most just one; i maker k O all-powerful one; k ruler l O most holy one; l father m O most powerful one; m judge n O most clement one; n king o O most wise one; o savior p O most worshipful one; p mover q O most kind one; q director r O fearsome one; r lord s O adorable one; s redeemer t O sweetest one; t giver of life v O merciful one; v restorer x O most reverend one; y renewer z O most merciful one; z preserver 2v O most excellent one; 2v inspector a our b of all c of all d of all universally e of movable things f of visible things g of the ages h of the age i of the world k of the world l of the universe m of the whole universe n invisible o of the living p of mortals q of human beings r of the faithful s of the humble t of heavenly beings u of angels x of supercelestial beings y of Christians z of Christ-worshipers 20 of believers A look upon B look at C look into D behold E look through F look ahead for G look up H attend I look upon K look at L look into M behold us N I look through upon us O I look up P may you look upon Q may you look at R may you look into S may you behold T may you look ahead for V attend X attend Y attend Z may you attend 20 may you attend a wretched b ministers c priests d servants e servants f suppliants g sons h subjects i little servants l disciples m hearers n devotees o lovers p exiles q adorers r captives t needy v venerators x ascriptives y redeemed z debtors zv your pupils and your [unclear] a have mercy b forgiving c granting indulgence d releasing e loosening f giving g pardoning h granting i cleansing k forgetting l purging m deleting n expiating o washing p washing clean q wiping r wiping off s wiping away t purging v purging out x purifying y washing away z cleansing rv cleansing to us, to us of all, of all a our; a crimes b of human beings; b harms c of the humble; c offenses d of the faithful; d sins e of the devout; e faults f of petitioners; f crimes g of those who grieve; g sins h of those who pray; h wicked deeds i of those who weep; i impieties k of penitents; k iniquities l of the contrite; l pleasures m of the afflicted; m transgressions, because you n of believers; n guilt, because you o of the baptized; o vices p of Christians; p evils q of the orthodox; q malicious acts r of Catholics; r stains s of those who groan; s impurity t of Christ-worshipers; t negligences v of those who ask; v transgressions x of those who seek; x impurities y of those who desire; y injustices z of those who hope; z crimes rv of those who await; rv shameful deeds a gracious; a king b gentle; b judge c sweet; c emperor d clement; d prince e patient; e preserver f kind; f ruler g most gentle; g administrator h long-suffering; h enlightener i most holy; i illuminator k best; k giver of life l good; l creator m generous; m founder n great are you, Lord Jesus; n maker o most gracious; o author p most dutiful; q governor q merciful; r purifier r sweetest; s redeemer s most patient; t justifier v most clement; u savior x most kind; y founder y meek; z promoter z excellent; z producer rv powerful; rv producer of all; of all; of all; of humanity; of angels; of men; of the heavenly ones; of the world; of the globe; of the earth; of the heavens; of the good; of the saints; of heaven; of worldly things; of the things above; of the living; of mortals; of the universe; of worldly things; of invisible things; of visible things; of natural things; of nature.

Look upon; behold; inspect; look upon; consider; remember; be mindful; be remembering; remembering; call to mind; attend; weigh carefully, therefore [unclear]; attend, therefore, O; direct your mind; think; think again; be mindful; you will be mindful; remember; recognize; recognize; know; know; understand.

Good; holy; venerable; to be cherished; most kind; most dutiful; sweetest; most loving; gentlest; most loving; kind; sweet Lord Jesus; gentle king of heaven; loving; [unclear]; most holy; most worthy of veneration; most excellent; most noble; merciful; most merciful; most indulgent; most clement.

grievous; unworthy; dreadful; very harsh; very grievous; most unworthy; most bitter; most cruel; most sharp; very hard; cruel things; bitter things in; hard things in; contrary things; to be measured; pitiable; most foul; painful; injurious; insulting; oppressive; unjust; lamentable.

altar; wood; gibbet; torment; torture; tree; trunk; high place; log; shrine; altar; sign; branch; wood; lofty place; height; workshop; eminence; rack; shrine; instrument; instrument; column; receptacle.

holy; sanctified; most holy; health-bringing; Christ-bearing; God-bearing; gracious; venerable; honorable; venerable; honorable; of the terrible cross; of the holy cross; life-bearing; vital; sacred; consecrated; consecrated; most sacred; most bright; blood-sprinkled; life-bearing; to be cherished; sweetest.

You endured for wretched, poor little, pitiable, most wretched, miserable, most unworthy, impious, hostile, unjust, vain, perishable, perverse, depraved, sorrowful, calamity-stricken, most vain, useless, very poor, most unjust, most filthy, most impure, most defiled, most infirm creatures.

Most truly; undoubtedly; surely; indeed; because; for this reason; and therefore; accordingly; since; for; for you are; certainly you are; whence; wherefore; for; for which reason; on which account; and therefore; truly; veraciously; assuredly; most truly; since indeed.

God; father; creator; founder; maker; commander; redeemer; governor; lord; prince; craftsman; maker; king; lover; helper; savior; life-giver; consoler; preserver; moderator; beatifier; pitier.

our; of the world; of the good; of the just; of men; of mortals; of the living; of the faithful; of believers; of the orthodox; of Christ-worshipers; of Christians; of all; of all; of all; of the elect; of the devout; of exiles; of sons; of the devout; of the humble; of the afflicted; of pilgrims.

loving, redeeming; good, freeing; powerful, saving; great, lifting up; best, atoning; greatest, relieving; most loving, supporting; most dutiful, renewing; most powerful, making new; most clement, purifying; merciful, illuminating; kind, crowning; glorious, raising up; exalted, rescuing; eminent, guarding; excellent, loving; gentlest, saving; most holy, preserving; most kind, glorifying; most excellent, sanctifying; most merciful, cleansing; most glorious, beatifying; highest, [making zealous?]; most bright, making blessed.

minds; of the faithful; of little servants; of servants; of attendants; of ministers; of the poor; of the humble; of Christians; of Christ-worshipers; of priests; of friends; of the elect; of lovers; of worshipers; of beloved ones; of dear ones; of those who pray; of followers; of temple-servants; of vicars; of messengers; of the obedient; of disciples.

of all yours; of all yours.

[this cipher line is illegible in the source]

We ask to be saved, healed, helped, aided, made happy, beatified, relieved, justified, sanctified, cleansed, taken up, blessed through your, crowned, renewed, made new, reconciled, reconciled again, restored, to rise again, reformed, recover, be defended, be preserved.

141 142 a piety a great b clemency b greatest c sweetness c ineffable d compassion d inestimable e fellow-feeling e unchangeable f humanity f more than divine g gentleness g divine h charity h heavenly i love i exalted k abundance k excellent l brightness l infinite m divinity m inexhaustible n grace n inexhaustible o majesty o most abundant p goodness p incomprehensible q kindness q most luminous r sweetness r most excellent s mildness s highest t power t most blessed v mercy v memorable x glorification x very great y prudence y z magnificence z [unclear] 143 a about to receive b pardon c remedy d health e f release g loosening h dissolution i indulgence k remission l remedy m cure n removal o wiping away p expiation q correction r cleansing s dismissal t emptying out v purification x purging y relaxation z purgation 2v loosening 146 a pardon b remedy c health d release e absolution f loosening g dissolution h indulgence i remission k remedy l cure m care n washing away o wiping away p expiation q correction r cleansing s diminution t emptying out v purification x purging y relaxation z purgation 2v loosening 145 a of crimes b sure c firm d perfect e truest f most certain g firmest h most perfect i most truthful k most constant l most secure m of deeds, because thou art n clear o of faults p secure q constant r clearest s most delightful t most overflowing v most tranquil x sweetest y mildest z safest 2v eternal 146 147 148 a hope a of the faithful b salvation b of the humble c rest c of mortals d confidence d of men e repose e of believers f consolation f of Christians g confidence g of Christ-worshipers h refreshment h of the orthodox i renewal i of the poor k blessedness k of the afflicted l happiness l of the devout m reward m of the good, who [unclear] n life n of the needy, who [unclear] o sweetness o of the wretched p sweetness p of the desolate q support q of the meek r repayment r of the troubled s sanctification s of the hungry t justification t of the just v freedom v of the gentle y pleasantness y of those crying out z exultation z of the penitent rv praise rv of the contrite 149 150 a virtue b adore c proclaim d venerate e honor f magnify g honor h love i recollect k love l beseech m praise n praise together o follow p observe q bless r imitate s await t wait for u invoke x implore y celebrate z exalt rv fear 151 152 a Therefore b Now accordingly c Now therefore d Now then e Hence f Wherefore g For which reason h And therefore i For that reason k On account of this l And therefore m Therefore also n we o Accordingly p Therefore q Then r Whence s Hence t Wherefore v For which reason x For which reason y For indeed z For in fact rv Certainly also a servants b attendants c ministers d servants e priests f ministerials g ministers h attendants i subservers k administrators l fellow-praisers m adorers of thee, who we worshipers of thee, although o boys p little servants q members of the household r obedientiaries s observers t disciples v subjects x men y Christians z Christ-worshipers rv vicars 153 a vain b weak c wretched d unworthy e pitiable f most wretched g most unworthy h vilest k unjust l unjust m perishable n abject o desolate p most vain q most unjust r most unhappy s most desolate t mortal x unclean y unhappy z sluggish 2v ignorant G 154 a we greet b we praise c we praise together d we bless e we glorify f we celebrate together g we bless h we celebrate i we exalt k we honor l we extol m we pray n we venerate o we revere p we invoke q we implore r we honor s we recognize t we know v we proclaim x we sing y we tremble before z we fear 2v we fear

[unclear]

154 158 a us, a you have made b heaven, b you have founded c earth, c you have formed d the world, d you have fashioned e man, e you have brought forth f our race, f you have reformed g all things, g you have renewed h everything, h you have restored i all things, i you have shaped k the heavens, k you have ordered l the globe, l [unclear] m earthly things, m you alone have ordered n worldly things, n you have shaped o things of the world, o you have fashioned p men, p you have created q angels, q you have loved r heavenly things, r you have loved s earthly things, s you have adorned t created things, t you have magnified u the creature, u you have illumined x creation, x you have embellished y those above, y G ij z the living, z 2v spirits, zv you have embellished G ij Bij Cij Dij Eij Fij Gij Hij Iij Kij Lij Mij Nij Oij Pij Qij Rij Sij Tij Uij Vij Xij Yij Zij 159 160 a by goodness, b preparing, c promising, d promising again, e disposing, f ordering, g bestowing, h providing, i giving, k giving, l promising, m granting to us, n establishing for us, o communicating, p ministering, q administering, r contributing, s lavishing, t bringing, v distributing, y forgiving, z pardoning, x by communication, y by wisdom, z by command, u by participation, w distinction, a preparing, b by clemency, c by condescension, d by love, e by charity, f by generosity, g by piety, h by grace, i by kindness, k by will, l by mildness, m by compassion, n by sweetness, o by munificence, p by gentleness, q by mercy, r by indulgence, s by commiseration, t by communication, u by wisdom, v by command, x by distinction, y by distribution, z by [unclear], u by distribution, v by [unclear], x by [unclear], y by [unclear], z by [unclear] 161 162 a life, a to friends b peace, b to the elect c joy, c to the just d happiness, d to angels e enjoyment, e to the beloved f sweetness, f to disciples g pleasantness, g to apostles h communion, h to evangelists i exultation, i to archangels k delight, k to prophets l security, l to servants m brightness with, m your sons n reward, n your thrones o quiet, o to attendants p rest, p to little servants q glory, q to ministers r blessedness, r to servants s jubilation, s to dominions t light, t to familiars v serenity, v to the predestined y a dwelling, y to the most loving z recompense, z to the most elect G iij 163 a eternal b perpetual c everlasting d perennial e sempiternal f ineffable g inestimable h incorruptible i unfading k perennial l immortal m eternal n luminous o most noble p most pleasant q most blessed r most bright t sweetest v most excellent x happiest y endless z heavenly 20 infinite 164 a We have recognized b We recognize c We have known d We know e We have acknowledged f We acknowledge g We have known h We know i We know k We confess l We acknowledge m For we profess, O n For we perceive, O o We assent p We consent q We experience r We consider s We weigh t We ponder u We weigh carefully x We think y We think again z We grieve [unclear] Twofold

165 a ruler b creator c founder d savior e maker f fashioner g commander h governor i restorer k renewer l preserver m liberator n teacher o guardian p God q king r prince s giver of life t governor v illuminator x strengthener z sustainer zy consoler 166 a of the world b of heaven c of the world d of the heavens e of all things f of all g of the universe h of archangels i of Christians k of angels l of human beings m of mortals n of the humble o of the faithful p of the good q of the saints r of believers s of the devout t of the poor v of the just x of penitents y of innocents z of Christ-worshippers zy of the simple 167 168 a most pious a wretched b most dutiful b poor little ones c sweetest c pitiable d most holy d most wretched e most powerful e miserable f most kindly f most unjust g most merciful g most wicked h most to be feared h unclean i most gracious i criminal k greatest k stained l best q l most vain m kindly m we are very wicked and n holy n we are weak and o strongest o wicked p almighty p unjust q most serene q unworthy r wisest r unhappy s most worthy of worship s criminal t most loving t most unhappy v most glorious v most criminal y most sacred y corruptible z most splendid z most unclean rv most merciful rv most stained 169 170 a mortals b hearing c guarding d preserving e attending f taking heed g loving h looking upon i looking back k looking into l observing m taking n perceiving o receiving p taking up q esteeming r doing s working t fulfilling v completing x carrying out z following y desiring zv deaf 171 172 a commandments a of goodness b precepts b of piety c utterances c of holiness d counsels d of mercy e commands e of sweetness f laws f of gentleness g beginnings g of love h law h of charity i counsel i of wisdom k utterance k of kindness l precept l of divinity m commandment m of your deity, but in n justifications n of your virtue, who in o instruction o of grace p tradition p of truth q teachings q of instruction r doctrine r of excellence s ordinances s of humanity t warnings t of will v Gospel v of calling z of illumination z of illustration y of preaching y of election x x x [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear]

153 174 a by many a vices b by great b harms c by very great c offenses d by grave d sins e by very grave e [unclear] f by horrendous f crimes g by continual g crimes h by very bad h misdeeds i by harmful i offenses k by pernicious k iniquities l by very frequent l impieties m by daily m offenses against your n by graver o evils o by detestable p words q by abominable q deeds r by exceedingly great r thoughts s by very greatest s desires t because by many t pleasures v by death-dealing x desires y by deadly y impurities z by lethal z defilements [unclear] by mortal [unclear] pollutions

155 156 a piety b evils c faults d offenses e sins f crimes g evil deeds h desires i impieties k iniquities l [unclear] m our offenses n and also our harms o malices p follies q crimes r offenses s negligences t vanities v misdeeds x transgressions y rash acts z pleasures w desires 177 178 a requiring a they find b deserving b they found c demeriting c they surrounded d deserving d they enveloped e demanding e they surround f requiring f they envelop g causing g they approached h occasioning h they approach i making i they wrap around k impelling k they obtain l causing l they occupy m compelling m they hold us n intervening o they have occupied us o decreeing p they enclose p intervening q they enclosed r mediating s they have preoccupied t of co-operators r they obtained v by intermediary [unclear] t they have preoccupied x occurring x they have hemmed in y bursting in y they hemmed in z overflowing z they hem in 2v they preoccupy 179-180 a: wretched; b: men; c: earth-born; d: Christians; e: worshippers of Christ; f: Germans; g: Alemanni; h: Pannonians; i: Hungarians; k: Teutons; l: Germans; m: Italians; n: earthly; o: worldly; p: mortals; q: faithful; r: orthodox; s: believers; t: little servants; u: ministers; x: priests; y: religious; z: cloistered; zv: poor.

181 a: many; b: numerous; c: great; d: very great; e: infinite; f: dreadful; g: several; h: very many; i: innumerable; k: incredible; l: incalculable; m: very grave; n: unbearable; o: unceasing; p: very hard; q: daily; r: continual; s: constant; t: hard; u: fearful; x: fearsome; y: horrible; z: cruel; rv: most cruel.

a: miseries; b: besiegings; c: incursions; d: tribulations; e: persecutions; f: disturbances; g: commotions; h: invasions; i: vexations; k: confusions; l: mockeries; m: derisions; n: insults; o: adversities; p: entreaties; r: devastations; s: desolations; t: overthrows in war; v: molestations; x: destructions; y: contradictions; z: reproaches; rv: infestations.

183-184 a: of evil men; b: of the depraved; c: of the iniquitous; d: of the impious; e: of the worst; f: of the most impious; g: of the most iniquitous; h: of the most depraved; i: of the most unbelieving; k: of the most wicked; l: of the criminal; m: of the cruel; n: of the perverse; o: of unbelievers; p: of the proud; q: of criminals; r: of the most cruel; s: of the hardest; t: of the most savage; u: of the most perverse; x: of the most treacherous; y: of the most criminal; z: of thieves.

a: of enemies; b: of robbers; c: of men; d: of Turks; e: of Saracens; f: of Ruthenians; g: of Tartars; h: of Thracians; i: of Pelasgians; k: of pagans; l: of [heathens?] who us; m: of Palestinians who us; n: of Egyptians; o: of tyrants; p: of Mamluks; q: of unbelievers; r: of flatterers; s: of scoundrels; t: of [unclear]; u: of incubi; x: of creatures of darkness; y: of [unclear]; z: of Gentiles.

185-186 a: they trouble; b: they disturb; c: they throw into confusion; d: they sadden; e: they press down; f: they oppress; g: they overturn; h: they press; i: they deceive; k: they trample underfoot; l: they offend; m: they despoil; n: they vex; o: they trouble; p: they invade; q: they injure; r: they shake; s: they destroy; t: they dash together; v: they overthrow; x: they overturn; y: he exterminates; z: they blaspheme; rv: they persecute.

a: piety; b: right; c: cause; d: reason; e: judgment; f: justice; g: discretion; h: compassion; i: pity; k: commiseration; l: honesty; m: modesty, with no; n: cessation, with no one, without; o: honor; p: fear; q: fellow-feeling; r: reverence; s: mercy; t: consideration; v: interruption; x: [unclear]; y: moderation; 2v: two.

187-188 a: rescuing; b: delivering; c: caring for; d: saving; e: helping; f: assisting; g: preventing; h: suffering with; i: defending; k: redeeming; l: contradicting; m: intervening. Your [unclear]; o: grieving with. But by your; p: thinking; q: thinking again; r: consoling; s: sustaining; t: refreshing; v: coming to aid; x: resisting; y: opposing; z: fighting back.

a: most pious; b: most gentle; c: most loving; d: sweetest; e: most merciful; f: very sweetest; g: most benign; h: most merciful; i: most indulgent; k: most meek; l: most worthy of worship; n: highest; o: strongest; p: most powerful; q: most loving; r: most excellent; s: wisest; t: most unconquered; v: most virtuous; x: most radiant; y: most eminent; z: [unclear].

189-190 a: shepherd; b: of all; c: of all; d: of Christians; e: of worshippers of Christ; f: of believers; g: of the faithful; h: of the good; i: of the holy; k: of the just; l: of the elect; m: of the humble; n: of the sorrowful; o: of the grieved; p: of the poor; q: of the afflicted; r: of those who groan; s: of the orthodox; t: of Catholics; u: of the innocent; x: of the frail; y: of the weak; z: of the needy; 2v: of the destitute.

191-192 a: blot out; b: we ask; c: we ask; d: we pray; e: we beseech; f: we supplicate; g: we demand; h: we seek; i: we urgently demand; k: we entreat; l: we urgently ask; m: we earnestly demand; n: we implore; o: we desire; p: we wish for; q: we long for; r: we desire; s: we greatly desire; t: we most greatly wish; u: we have entreated; x: [unclear]; y: we implore; z: [unclear].

a: we pray; b: wash; c: wash away; d: cover; e: wipe away; f: expiate; g: hide; h: may you hide; i: may you remit; k: remit; l: dismiss; m: may you take away; n: may you blot out; o: may you wash; p: may you wash away; q: may you cover; r: may you wipe away; s: may you cover over; t: cleanse; v: may you cleanse; x: purge away; y: forgive; z: forgive; 2v: forgive.

193-194 a: harms; b: vices; c: faults; d: offenses; e: crimes; f: sins; g: misdeeds; h: crimes; i: sins; k: shameful deeds; l: offenses; m: excesses of all, you; n: guilty acts; o: [unclear: created thing]; p: offenses; q: desires; r: deviations; s: transgressions; t: iniquities; v: injustices; y: depravities; z: uncleanness.

a: of those who worship; b: of those who love; c: of those who adore; d: of those who praise; e: of those who proclaim; f: of those who venerate; g: of those who love; h: of those who sing; i: of those who fear; k: of those who are afraid; l: of those who invoke; m: of those who sustain, through; n: of those who bless, on account of; o: of those who believe; p: of those who follow; q: of those who seek; r: of those who seek out; s: of those who praise together; t: of those who await; v: of those who glorify; y: of those who exalt; z: of those who honor; 20: of those who imitate; 20: of those who imitate.

195a a holy b ineffable c most holy d glorious e health-bringing f saving g lovable h greatest i life-giving k admirable l unconquered m exalted n highest o deep p venerable q blessed r everlasting s uncircumscribed t incomprehensible v unchangeable y deepest z infinite [unclear] eternal

196 a piety b goodness c sweetness d gentleness e mercy f kindness g divinity h majesty i godhead k grace l glory m your power n your blessedness o clemency p loftiness q serenity r brightness s long-suffering t eminence v omnipotence x wisdom y prudence z happiness [unclear] all-powerfulness

197 a king b hope c life d salvation e crown f creator g founder h prince i emperor k preserver l governor m life-giver n renewer o restorer p sustainer q consoler r defender s protector t refuge v father x God y judge z savior [unclear] redeemer

198 a of the faithful b of the humble c of all d of the whole universe e of men f of believers g of angels h of mortals i of visible things k of invisible things l of Christians m of Christ-worshippers who us n of the poor who us o of the meek p of the good q of the just r of nations s of the living t of those hoping v of those trusting x of those loving you y of those esteeming you z of those praising you [unclear] of those praising you together

199 200 a you save b nativity c institution d incarnation e circumcision f manifestation g baptism h victory i preaching k instruction l teaching m passion, concerning, by your n death, from o piety p charity q resurrection r ascension s humanity t glorification v mercy x [unclear] y crucifixion z scourging [unclear] crowning

201 202 a of the malignant one b rule c captivity d tyranny e cruelty f domination g dominion h savagery i right k service l servitude m damnation n violence o fellowship p subjection q lordship r detention s rashness t oppression v severity x malice y net z capture [unclear] deception

203 204 a of the devil b Nourishing One c Greatest One d Most Pious One e Almighty One f Most Pious One g Most Powerful One h Everlasting One i All-powerful One k Most Unconquered One l Most Just One m Best One n Highest One o Strongest One p Meekest One q Most Worthy of Worship r Most Holy One s Most Clement One t Most Kindly One u Most Merciful One x Most Excellent One y Most Illustrious One z Most Wise One v Most Glorious One 205 a of the whole universe b of all things c of all d of the heavens e of the world f of the globe g of the earth h of heaven k of the cosmos l of the sea m of man n of humanity p of mortals q of the living r of souls s of spirits t of angels x of heavenly things z of earthly things [unclear] of supercelestial things

206 a creator b founder c shaper d maker e institutor f preserver g illuminator h enlightener i renewer k restorer l emperor m judge who n king who o maker p author q craftsman r mover s moderator t ordainer v life-giver x sanctifier y reformer z purifier [unclear] governor

207 208 A: standing; B: in the high place; C: in the heavens; D: from on high; E: in the highest places; F: in the loftiest places; G: in heavenly places; H: above; I: in majesty; K: in supercelestial places; L: in sublime places; M: in the higher regions; N: in the more eminent places; O P: among dominions; Q R: among principalities; S T: among powers; in eternity; V X: everlasting; Y Z: eternal; shining, with brightness, shining again.

in heaven [unclear] in a book my seats residing remitting ruling reigning commanding leaving behind shining existing flashing shining brightly ruling as chief governing triumphing preeminent shining eminent exulting rejoicing shining shining again I blunt book my to sit he was residing to remit he was ruling he was reigning he was commanding [unclear] to illuminate they exist [unclear] they were associating they were proclaiming they admonished they had composed contempt for the despisers the despised things despised of the despised by the despiser contempt of the despiser contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt with the despised contempt a usefully a you rule b beautifully b you care for c fittingly c you cherish d powerfully d you bear e prudently e you order f wisely f you provide g sweetly g you provide for h virtuously h you dispose i in order i you preserve k moderately k you moderate l modestly l you govern m in ordered fashion m you administer [all things?] n happily n you dispense [all things?] o gloriously o you distribute p immovably p you discern q most bravely q you adorn r most beautifully r you embellish s most sweetly s you adorn t most pleasantly t you sustain v most happily v you uphold x most sweetly x you support y most modestly y you preserve z most rightly z you give life rv most benignly rv you restore a small things b lesser things c the least things d men e human things f earthly things g terrestrial things h worldly things i things of the world k lower things l the lowest things m visible things n mortal things o present things p bodies q bodily things r transitory things s secular things t the world u the earth x time y perishable things z individual things rv all things a great things b greater things c the greatest things d angels e angelic things f heavenly things g supercelestial things h archangels i Olympian things k higher things l the highest things m invisible things n immortal things o future things p souls q spiritual things r eternal things s heavenly things t heaven u minds x spirits y souls z an age rv the universe I 3098. S S 465. D 700. G 100. E 100. F 100. B 100. C 100. A 100. M 100. N 100. O 100. P 100. Q 100. R 100. S 100. T 100. U 100. V 100. X 100. Y 100. Z 100. [unclear] [unclear] I [unclear] N [unclear][unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear]

a see b receive c receive d receive e hear f hear g listen h attend i attend k admit l turn your attention m remember n call to mind o remember p recollect q remember r remember s consider t weigh carefully v think over y weigh z behold zy have mercy a weepings b groans c a groan d tears e weeping f weepings g lamentations h implorations i lamentations k entreaties l supplications m prayers n prayers o prayers p sighs q laments r weeping s wailings t wailing v miseries x cries y invocations z afflictions zy adversities Weepings Groans A groan Tears Weeping Weepings Lamentations Implorations Lamentations Entreaties Supplications Prayers Prayers Prayers Sighs Laments Weeping Wailings Wailing Miseries Cries Invocations Afflictions Adversities a of servants b of little servants c of servants d of ministers e of those serving f of those serving under g of those ministering h of those in attendance i of servants k of priests l of the elect m of your poor n of your boys o of sons p of the humble q of the faithful r of believers s of Christians t of worshippers of Christ v of the orthodox x of temple-servants y of sacrificing priests z of confessors rv of disciples a of those worshipping b of those loving c of those enduring d of those esteeming e of those commemorating f of those praising g of those adoring h of those honoring i of those seeking k of those requiring l of those seeking m of those singing you, God n of those fearing you, God o of those fearing p of those praising together q of those glorifying r of those exalting s of those blessing t of those desiring v of those excelling x of those expecting y of those entreating z of those confessing rv of those affirming a alone a all things b true b all things c best c individual things d greatest d each and every thing e most pious e the universe f most pious f the world g ineffable g worldly things h inestimable h things of the world i immortal i supercelestial things k invisible k everlasting things l pious l perpetual things m one m eternal things n gentle n the globe o powerful o heaven p omnipotent q heavenly things r uncircumscribed r earthly things s inaccessible t terrestrial things v incorruptible u mortal things x most powerful x the age y strongest y visible things z gentlest z men rv wisest rv human things a: seeing; b: the frail; c: the wretched; d: beholding; e: the unjust; f: gazing upon; g: the poor; h: governing; i: the poor little ones; k: fulfilling; l: those deserving pity; m: taking care of; n: the most wretched; o: prudent; p: pitiable; q: ordering; r: the most abject; s: directing; t: the most unworthy; u: preserving; l: the most unhappy; x: discerning; m: the most ruined; y: looking upon; n: the poorest; z: for our sake; o: distinguishing; p: the vainest; q: adorning; r: the ungrateful; s: preserving; t: the unjust; u: governing; v: the impious; x: disposing; y: the wicked; z: giving life; v: the rejected; z: the most unjust; ru: unwise; w: the wicked.

221 222 a mortals a salvation b earthly ones b usefulness c terrestrial ones c deliverance d human beings d liberation e little men e redemption f sinners f making-alive g worldly persons g renewal h worldly ones h restoration i little servants i repair k frail ones k leading-back l servants l fruitfulness m exiles and our m advantage You willed n needy persons and our n consolation you deigned o poor persons o recall p captives p renewal q deceived persons q sanctification r desolate persons r justification s worms s instruction t little worms t blessedness v wounded persons v happiness x apostates x reconciliation y condemned persons y cleansing z deserters z purification rv transgressors rv purgation 223 224 a to be incarnate b to be baptized c to be circumcised d to be tempted e to appear f to become man g to fast h to be wearied i to labor k to preach l to be persecuted m to suffer n to be handed over o to thirst p to teach q to hunger r to be sold s to be captured t to be bound v to be crowned x to be wounded y to be scourged z to be buried 2v to die a most chaste b most pure c most blessed d most holy e most illustrious f most noble g thrice-most-holy h most loving i most pious k undefiled l unstained m born from n the untouched Virgin Mary o begotten from n Mary ever perpetual o an inviolate virgin p immaculate q most adorned r most innocent s most beautiful t most comely v most modest x most glorious y most kindly z most splendid 2v most merciful 225 226 a We recommend b highest b We commend c best c We commit d greatest d We set forth e highest e We intimate f most pious f We open g sweetest g We assign h most loving h We consign i most worshipful i We resign k most merciful k We signify l most kind l We make known m most awe-inspiring n We notify o eternal o We submit q most gentle p We offer r most loving q We render s most noble r We prostrate ourselves t perpetual s We lead back v adorable t We bring x worthy to be honored v We defer y everlasting x We sacrifice z glorious y We present ineffable z We admonish rv inestimable K 227 228 a goodness b deity c majesty d divinity e fatherhood f dominion g charity h loving-kindness k power l might m holiness n wisdom o virtue p brightness q clemency r providence s munificence t mercy v compassion x greatness y blessedness z gentleness zv serenity a God b Father c maker d creator e guardian f founder g savior h governor i fashioner k preserver l defender m ruler of your [unclear] n king, Jesus Christ, of your [unclear] o guardian, Christ Jesus p judge q emperor r establisher s renewer t restorer v giver of life x governor y illuminator z enlightener zv redeemer 229 230 a of all b souls c minds d lives e strengths f affairs g cares h sorrows i miseries k affections l consciences m the beginning of man n infirmities o of humanity p adversities q little temptations r anxieties s lacks t necessities u hardships x afflictions y tribulations z intentions rv operations k ij 231 232 a devoutly b adoring c beseeching d praying e entreating f supplicating g asking h groaning i asking repeatedly k knocking l invoking m desiring that, through n wishing that, through o earnestly wishing p crying out q crying aloud r desiring s petitioning t demanding v urgently demanding x urgently imploring y seeking z asking 2v shouting 234 a compassion b mercy c compassion d fellow-feeling e liberality f sweetness g loving-kindness h gentleness i grace k goodness l charity m your love n your clemency o sweetness p gentleness q humanity r kindness s munificence t generosity v benevolence x long-suffering y indulgence z sweetness rv magnificence k iij a great b infinite c very great d most high e very broad f deep g abundant h deepest i most abundant k inexhaustible l unconquerable m insuperable n everlasting o ineffable p lovable q praiseworthy r most gentle s singular t very rich v unchangeable z uncircumscribed of them 234 a may you grant pardon b of the faithful c of the humble d of the devout e of the contrite f of those confessing g of those believing h of the poor i of the sick k of the wretched l of the afflicted m of all n of those groaning o may you wipe away p may you hide q may you overlook r may you extinguish s may you break apart t may you cleanse u may you purify x may you purge y may you amend z may you justify v may you take away w our x may you pardon y may you remit z may you release a may you wipe off b may you wash away c may you wash d may you wipe e may you wash away f may you wipe away g may you hide h may you overlook i may you break apart j may you cleanse k may you purify l may you purge m may you amend n may you take away o our p of the faithful q of the humble r of the devout s of the contrite t of those confessing v of those believing x of the poor y of the sick z of the wretched, of the afflicted m of those groaning p of those weeping q of Christians r of the orthodox s of the ecclesiastical t of the compunct v of the desolate x of those in exile, of those supplicating z of those beseeching v of those desiring

[unclear]

a bringing through b pleasantness c consolation d happiness e fellowship f blessedness g rejoicing h banquets i rejoicings k banquets l gladness m receiving us to n the joys of all o receiving p fellowship q triumphs r mansions s dwellings t spectacles v dwelling-places x communion y participation z brightness rv rest a of the elect b age c eternal d perpetual e everlasting f in the things above the heavens g everlastingness h ages of ages i holy age k everlasting ages l in the heavens m of your worshippers in n the highest places o age p heaven q the heights r the heights s upper things t the hall of heaven v the court of the heavens x the highest places y the highest place z paradise rv heavenly things a O wretched b men c little men d common people e sinners f princes g barons h counts i dukes k kings l judges m rulers from every n governors in every o prelates p pontiffs q emperors r priests s presbyters t prelates v pastors x seculars y cloistered persons z Christians 2v worshippers of Christ 2tt a mortals b pitiable c most unhappy d most foolish e most [unclear] f sitting g good h you i about to cover j most lost k therefore you l you therefore m most vain n unbelieving o most poor p most abject q foolish a earth b Bavarians c Austrians d Franks e Frenchmen f Germans g Alemanni h Belgians i Noricans k Bohemians l Hessians m in the east under heaven n Monappians and especially, most of all, or o [unclear] Gauls p Frisians q Frisians r [unclear] s Cleves-men t Sicambri v Guelders-men x [unclear] y Lotharingians z Moravians ẜv Saxons Thuringians; Burgundians; Lombards; Burgundians; Brabantians; Hollanders; [Bavarians?]; Huns; Hungarians; Poles; Poles likewise; Danes likewise; Dacians; Swedes; Swedes; Swedians; Frisians; Helvetians; Frisians; Helvetians; Alsatians; Alsatians; Alsatians; Vangiones; [unclear].

Suebi; Suebians; Vindelici; Triboci; Triboci; [unclear]; Nemetes; Spirensians; Nemetici; Spirani; [unclear]; Anglians; Albinians; English; Scots; Scots; Raetians; Raetians; Irish; Norwegians; Norwegians; Zeelanders; Zeelanders.

Spaniards; Spaniards; Normans; Normans; Normans; Icelanders; Icelanders; Icelanders; Britons; Britons; Britons; Slavians also and; Slavs and you; Slavians; Slavs; Slavs; Rugians; Rugii; Rugi; Ruthenians; Ruthenians; Prussians; Prussians.

Lithonians; Lithuanians; Lithuanians; Flemings; Flemings; Cassubians; Cassubians; Lusatians; Lusatians; [unclear]; [unclear]; Savoyards; [unclear]; Savoyards; Savoyards; Savoyards; Styrians; Styrians; Dalmatians; Dalmatians; Dalmatians; Pannonians; Majorcans; Picards; Picards; Picards; Picardians; Mauritanians; Mauritanians; Mauritanians; Portuguese; Portuguese; Lusitanians; Lusitanians; Gaetuli; Gaetulians; Ethiopians; Ethiopians; Ethiopians; Scaldes; Scaldes; Scaldes; Africans; Africans; Majorcans.

Sicilians; Sicilians; Neapolitans; Neapolitans; Italians; Italians; Italici; Italians; Calabrians; Calabrians; Romans; Romans; Etruscans; Etrurians; Allobroges; Celtiberians; Greeks; Gauls; Cabini; Sabines; Latins; barbarians; Indians; [unclear]; Armenians; Armenians; Palestinians; Hebrews; Jews; Rhodians; Cypriots; Egyptians; Asians; Asiatics; Tartars; Cappadocians; Chaldeans; Medes; Parthians; Persians; Numidians; Numidians; Pelasgians; Thracians; Thracians; Amazons; Arcadians.

Atrebates; Aduatici; Avarici; Ambari; Auverni; Aulerci; Andes; [unclear]; Antuates; Aremorici; [unclear]; Bigerriones; Brannoces; [unclear]; Bituriges; Bactavi; Bellovaci; Centrones; Caturiges; [unclear]; [unclear]; [unclear]; Condrusi; Curiosolites; Ambiani; Ambluariti; Ancalites; Ambilates; Agendones; Ambibareti; Ambibari; [unclear]; [unclear]; Arenarii; Bellovaci; Bibroci; Brigantes; [unclear]; Baetasii; Bingiones; [unclear]; [unclear]; Bructeri; Cimbri; [unclear]; Caletes; Cadetes; Cadurci.

a Cavillones b Occosates c Ceuimagni d Caninefates e Cyranores f Gammani g Cerocates h Diablinthres i Eburonices k Flustates l Garocelli m Aedui n Harudes o Helveceti p Helvii q Iceni r Lingones s Lentii v Lexonienses x Levaci y Mandubii z Marcomanni 20 Morini a Carnutes b Cantabri c Canci d Cassii e Cerusii f Chathi g Duracii h Ebutones i Eusubii k Essui l Gaballi m Garites n Grudii o Gorduni p Gugerni q Hermonduri r Lenonices t Leopontii u Lemonices y Ligiones z Ligii 21 Mediomatrici L iii a Mesii b Nervii c Nanetes d Nantuantes e Novesii f Osissini g Parisii h Pictones i Pretiani k Sebusiani l Sequani m Gandavii o Gandanises p Senones q Sueiones r Sibuzates t Silute v Sinici x Sarmatians y Turones z Tarusacii 20 Tarbelli a Ordoluce b Pemani c Pleuosii d Petrocorii e Primigeni f Ehemi g Remenses h Rhedones i Santones k Sedusii l Seduni m Sesdunenses n Bisuntini o Bisuntini p Suessii q Segni r Sessuvii s Sonciates t Sengoriaci u Tholosates y Tholofani z Trinobantes 21 Toctuses a take up b receive c receive d accept e conceive f hear favorably g hear h listen to i listen attentively k listen l pay attention m apply your mind n turn your attention o observe p weigh carefully q consider r weigh thoughtfully s ponder t weigh v understand x think y think back z discern 2v preserve L iii a warnings b admonitions c admonitions d forewarnings e preauifications f preauifications g auifications h exhortations i exhortations k exhortations l suggestions m consultations n introductions o allegations p insinuations q instructions r predictions s preachings t declarations u denunciations x declamations y exclamations z informations 2v attestations a of God b of Christ c my d divine e of the Scriptures f Christian g evangelical h of the evangelists i of the apostles k apostolic l of the saints m holy and n true o useful p health-giving q salutary r best s of the prophets t prophetic v ecclesiastical x paternal y of the fathers z of the faithful 2v faithful a amend b purify c rectify d compose e justify f cleanse g purge h sanctify i make straight k cleanse l cleanse thoroughly m wash n wash away through n most pure o reform p restore q restore r illuminate s prepare t examine v cast away x despise z clarify a true b pure c right d whole e faithful f holy g continuous h fervid i fervent k burning l unceasing m most true n most pure o most whole p most faithful r most holy s most fervent t most burning v catholic x Christian y ecclesiastical z necessary 20 owed .100.

a faith a inventions b knowledge b desires c repentance c occupations d penitence d exercises e confession e iniquities f contrition f impieties g attrition g injustices h satisfaction h filths i humiliation i stains k humility k souls l chastity l affections m belief m your faults, lest n mortification n your harms, lest o continence o causes p wisdom p ways q chastisement q paths r opinion r minds s charity s consciences t conversion t works v instruction v estimations x subjection x estimations y obedience y desires z conduct z desires ꝛv life 20 actions a death b seize c lay hold of d envelop e wrap up f enfold g cover over h anticipate i consume k consume utterly l invade m take away when not n snatch away while not o devour p overturn q overthrow r extinguish s exterminate t swallow up v destroy x break y destroy z lay waste 2v surround a do you think b Apply your mind c Consider d Ponder e Weigh thoughtfully f Weigh g Remember h Think back i Think k Behold l Look upon m Inspect n Look back o Perceive p Discern q Discern r Contemplate s Turn your attention t See u Acknowledge x Recognize y Recognize z Recognize Now I [unclear] you Now therefore, you.

a vain b worshippers of Christ c pontiffs d prelates e chief priests f pastors g bishops h kings i judges k faithful l peoples m governors n tribunes o rulers p princes q emperors r elders s human beings t mortals x magnates y worldly men z praetors 2v prefects N D a I pray to avert; b miseries; c disturbances; d calamities; e adversities; f tribulations; g persecutions; h perturbations; i infestations; k annoyances; l desolations; m vexations; n hardships, which; o I ask, or late; q collisions; p troubles; r acts of treachery; s destructions; t insolences; u depopulations; v tramplings; y oppositions; z afflictions; 2v mockeries.

a holy; b venerable; c worthy of remembrance; d most blessed; e most holy; f fruitful; g worthy of honor; h honorable; i venerable; k undefiled; l unstained; m uncontaminated; n untouched mother; o uncorrupted; p happy; q immaculate; r catholic; s universal; t gracious; x chaste; y sweet; z living.

a of the faithful; b of believers; c of the humble; d of the orthodox; e of Christians; f of worshipers of Christ; g of the redeemed; h of those restored; i of the elect; k of the just; l of the innocent; m church of the apostles; n church of the martyrs; o of confessors; p of those confessing; q of the predestined; r of the good; s of the saved; t of virgins; u of the blessed; x [unclear]; y of the contrite; z of mortals; 20 of the living; ij.

a suffers; b has suffered; c endures; d endured; e experiences; f has experienced; g undergoes; h has undergone; i tolerated; k tolerates; l bears; m carries through; n bore; o takes up; p took up; q receives; r accepts; s accepted; v awaits; x waits for; y waited for; z had; 2v has.

a from deceitful; b reprobate; c perverse; d wicked; e cruel; f most cruel; g most perverse; h most deceitful; i most reprobate; k most criminal; l villainous; m worst and; n shameful but; o bestial; p most shameful; q criminal; r most wicked; s most savage; t polluted; v hardest; x most vain; y filthiest; z most faithless; 2v faithless.

a impious; b unjust; c unclean; d unbelieving; e most impious; f most unjust; g most unclean; h most unbelieving; i most unhappy; k most filthy; l most absurd; m most abject; n most wretched; o most ignorant; p most envious; q most foolish; r most stupid; s most slothful; t most unlearned; u most inactive; x most avaricious; y most covetous; z fierce; 20 most fierce.

a Turks; b pagans; c Saracens; d heathens; e nations; f gentiles; g Bulgarians; h Mohammedans; i Mohammedans; k Pelagians; l heretics; m Greeks; n Tartars; o tyrants; p Armenians; q Ruthenians; r Bulgarians; s schismatics; t idolaters; v persecutors; x plunderers; y Parthians; z robbers; 21 [unclear]. N.B. four.

a daily; b continually; c continuously; d gravely; e exceedingly; f enormously; g most gravely; h most cruelly; i horribly; k miserably; l most wretchedly; m cruelly; n hostilely; o most savagely; p wickedly; q incessantly; r frequently; s most wickedly; t most unjustly; v most frequently; x most insolently; y most furiously; z enviously; [unclear] assiduously.

a they disturb; b they perturb; c they trouble; d they devastate; e they attack; f they assault; g they storm; h they invade; i oppressed; k cast down; l they harass; m they infest; n they afflict; o they overturn; p they subvert; q they despoil; r they tear apart; s they cast down; t they annihilate; v they trample; x they plunder; y they persecute; z they shake; [unclear] they exterminate.

a They hold; b Africa; c Greece; d Thrace; e Bulgaria; f Carmania; g Armenia; h Cappadocia; i Mauretania; k Ethiopia; l Gaetulia; m Libya; n Egypt; o Arabia; p Antioch; q Alexandria; r Palestine; s Assyria; t Judaea; v Syria; x India; y Tartary; z Barbaria; 2v Hellenistia; M four.

a Epirus; b Persia; c Persia; d Albania; e Dardania; f Magrabia; g Negroponte; h Taprobana; i Calicut; k Scoyra; l Parthia; m Samaria; n Numidia; o Mesopotamia; p Babylon; q Hydruntum; r Media; s Aetolia; t Chalolea; u Damascus; x Arcadia; z Aeolia; A Alania; B Galatia; C Bithynia; D Macedonia; E Amazonia; F Melindia; G Gargisa; H Coritum; I Repsiana; K Agizimba; L Marchosa; M Logonia; N Perodia; O Camaroela; P Tacharnia; Q Dalagum; R Musameli; S Hesperia; T Malachat; U Turamida; X Pharasata; Y Zyphia; Z Tyrrhenia; aa Amathia; ab Alypia; ac Acaria; ad Adriania; ae Aerium; af Fabrum; bg Balcania; bh Balcania; bi Balcania; bo Balcania; bp Balcania; bq Balcania; br Balcania; bs Balcania; bt Balcania; bu Balcania; bv Balcania; bw Balcania; bx Balcania; by Balcania; bz Balcania.

a Reala b Salitana c Eleones d Nigritae e Tumelica f Sagabacia g the Fish-eaters h Cyrenaica i Marmarica k the Sisophagi l of Azania m the Mascitae n Abrochides o Mynothorae p Troglodytica q Smyrnophora r Gargisa s Sabara t Rapata v Phasagar x Malachias y Cassanithae z Megobardi [unclear] Catramonicae a Sachas b Maras c Aschytae d Lydiae e Phrygiae f of the Asabi g Thamisdes h Labonophas i Sachasta k Susiana l Hyrcaniae m Parfantidae n Thurciae o Cariae p Lyciae q Ciliciae r Coele-Syriae s Colchisdes t Argoliae v Sarmatiae x Nogurisiae y Cyropolitae z Arsiae [unclear] Iberiae

a Bosna b Lissa c Sissa d Zibala e Corancoli f Benagurum g Triliphin h Bisingni i Alasonga k Chrysoana l Monirundae m Nangoletae n Aminathae o Armachora p Bactriana q Margiana r Soarthum t Tectosates v Astatantae x Darusae y Messeii z Dabase [unclear] Biolingae a Cassia b Biltae c Cylindi d Tagari e Lestana f Codupae g Calcites h Basanatae i Bragmani k Archimara l Abischitae m Achassa n Caraneia o Alanorsia p Massagetae q Sacharni r Isidomseytes s Taurana t Chersonesus u Palliana x Cathobae y Iberingae z Coniedes [unclear] Sindi a Troana b Solana c Semantines d Nicomedia e Octotoraces f Madarith g Seylana h Rabantia i Garnei k Ambastae l Rabana m Cathigara n Theriotis o Coronia p Mohabar q Chayra r Stoyra s Thinea t Sina u Inurfulim x Loath y Edissa z Olach [unclear] Varrh

[unclear]

a most beautiful | b most handsome | c splendid | d handsome | e beautiful | f wealthy | g very wealthy | h most powerful | i most populous | k very rich | l populous | m strong | n very strong | o comely | p noble | r most noble | s principal | t precious | v named | x most renowned | y most precious | z most spacious | [unclear] very firm | a our | b of the faithful | c of the baptized | d of believers | e of the orthodox | f of Catholics | g of churchmen | h of Christ-worshippers | i of Christians | k of saints | l of Nazarenes | qz in certain provinces of the elect | qzn formerly in kingdoms of the blessed | o of confessors | p of martyrs | q of apostles | r of evangelicals | s of those evangelizing | t of those preaching | v of Romans | x of spiritual persons | y of those justified | z of those predestined | [unclear] of the righteous | N a inhabitants; b citizens; c Christians; d worshippers of Christ; e believers; f faithful; g our people; h men; i just persons; k saints; l good people; m all children everywhere; n those found; o those discovered; p credulous persons; q religious persons; r human beings; s inhabitants; t living persons; v orthodox persons; x ecclesiastical persons; y Catholics; z disciples.

a impiously; b bitterly; c severely; d cruelly; e unjustly; f wickedly; g most impiously; h most bitterly; i most severely; k most cruelly; l most unjustly; m most wickedly; n most iniquitously; o wickedly; p most bitterly; q shamefully; r terribly; s dreadfully; t horribly; v most harshly; x most miserably; y savagely; z most shamefully; av violently.

a slain; b killed; c put to death; d burned; e burned up; f slain; g destroyed; h killed; i consumed; k butchered; l exterminated; m martyred; n strangled; o perishing; p mortified; q intercepted; r suffocated; t crucified; v mutilated; x slaughtered; y burned; z set on fire; 2v ruined. And alas; Ah; Woe; Truly; Meanwhile; In the meantime; And yet; Nevertheless; But yet; Behold; [unclear], there is no one who; Alas, who is there who; Finally; Yet; Good God; But behold; O sorrow; O shame; Nevertheless; And alas; O God; Behold; And yet behold.

a may rescue; a may suffer with; b may snatch away; b may contradict; c may grieve; c may oppose; d may grieve with; d may resist; e may grieve inwardly; e may defend; f may mourn; f may come to aid; g may avenge; g may meet; h may help; h may obstruct; i may intervene; i may assist; k may reconsider; k may take up; l may think; l may sustain; m may free; m may cherish all his own; n may save; no one who; n may attend to all his own; o may redeem; o may give attention; p may help; p may console; q may look upon; q may groan; r may notice; r may have mercy; s may attend to; s may take pity; t may fear; t may tremble; v may be afraid; v may be saddened; y may beware; y may be moved; z may take precaution; z may reckon; ꝯ may judge; 20 may sigh.

a they care for; b they think; c they reconsider; d they attend to; e they devise; f they seek out; g they inquire into; h they seek; i they love; k they desire; l they search thoroughly; m they pursue; n they look upon; o they look back upon; q they consider; r they long for; s they follow; t they prefer; v they practice; x they handle; y they treat thoroughly; z they contemplate; ꝛ v they preserve.

A of God; b of Christ; c of the Lord; d of the Crucified; e of the Savior; f of the Redeemer; g of the Fashioner; h of the Maker; i of the Reformer; k of the Liberator; l of the Founder; m of the Creator; n of our Author; o of the Maker; p of the Craftsman; q of the Father; r of the Nourisher; s of the Enlightener; t of the Governor; u of the Preserver; y of the Protector; z of the Emperor; ꝛ of the Rewarder.

a portion; b people; c inheritance; d household; e little people; f church; g honor; h precept; i commandment; k good pleasure; l will; m ministers; n priests; o servants; p little sheep; q clergy; r common people; s sheep; t faith; u doctrine; y gospel; z religion.

a neglecting; b spurning; c despising; d looking down upon; e esteeming lightly; f valuing little; g esteeming as worthless; h making little of; i forgetting; k disparaging; l passing over; m abhorring; n mocking; o deriding; p casting away; q deserting; r trampling underfoot; s ridiculing; t accounting as nothing; v detesting; x reproaching; y corrupting; z loathing; rv execrating.

a On account of this; b Wherefore; c Therefore; d For that reason; e For which reason; f Accordingly; g Whence; h On account of it; i Therefore; k Therefore; l But; m But woe to you; m moderators; n And woe to you; n cardinals; o And so; o patriarchs; p From this; p primates; q Therefore; q lords; r Because of which; r leaders; s And therefore; s prefects; t On account of this; t greater men; u Now therefore; u counts; x Accordingly; x rulers; y Now therefore; y captains; z Now therefore; z emperors.

a of Christians; b to vices; c to lust; d to avarice; e to desires; f to pleasures; g to vanities; h to impurity; i to baseness; k to feasting; l to drinking; m to transitory things; n to useless things; o to earthly things; p to perishable things; q to vain things; r to banquets; s to delights; t to pride; v to frivolities; x to arrogance; y to hunting; z to covetous desires; 20 to dances, far too continuously.

a intent; b of the faithful; c of the just; d of churches; e of believers; f of those perishing; g of Christians; h of worshippers of Christ; i of ecclesiastics; k of fellow Christians; l of the baptized; m of the orthodox; n of Catholics; o of saints; p of innocents; q of the poor; r of the afflicted; s of the desolate; t of brothers; v of the wretched; x of captives; y of priests; z of servants of Christ; rv of the oppressed.

a dangers b danger c necessities d necessity e close relationships f desolations g destruction h by destruction i ruin k ruins l labors m miseries n sorrows o misery p tribulations q afflictions r adversities s oppression t overthrows u persecutions x vexations y collisions z you attend a you take care b you think c you consider again d you behold e you look ahead f you look back g you inspect h you look upon i you grieve k you judge l you weigh m you ponder n you weigh carefully o you consider p you notice q you defend r you defend t you discern v you see x you help y you assist z you understand w you attend Amen, amen | I say b Most certainly | b I proclaim c For certain | c I disclose d Most truly | d I make known e Truthfully | e I set forth f As true | f I express g Amen | g I intimate h Behold | h I foretell i Now | i I signify k Therefore | k I announce beforehand l Sorrowful | l I announce m Weeping | m I denounce to you unless n Grieving | n I announce to you that unless o Groaning | o I reveal p Sad | p I disclose q Firmly | q I report r Boldly | r I affirm s Confidently | s I confirm t With confidence | t I protest v Without doubt | v I attest y Undoubtedly | x I bear witness z Without doubt | z I prophesy rv Certainly | rv I profess | 2097 a you keep watch b you awake c you will have kept watch d you will have awakened e you anticipate f you hasten to aid g you come to help h you meet i you fight back k you resist l you stand by m you withstand otherwise n you rise up o you run together p you intervene q you will have defended r you take counsel s you think t you act u you take care x you do z you will have done a they will overthrow b they will invade c they will destroy d they will enter e they will occupy f they will obtain g they will subvert h they will usurp i they will overcome k they will have l they will subject m they will take away n they will seize o they will snatch p they will afflict q they will shake r they will defile s they will seize t they will claim v they will trample x they were contaminating y they were storming z they were attacking 2v they were assaulting, successively, gradually a Europe b Hungary c Pannonia d Austria e Dalmatia f Croatia g Styria h Cilli i Silesia k Dacia l Poland m Bohemia n Lusatia o Sweden p Norway q Moravia r Sarmatia t the March v Saxony x Thuringia y Bavaria z Franconia 2v Swabia a Frisia b Hesse c Meissen d Pomerania e Westphalia f Neustria g Lombardy h Calabria i Italy k Istria l Etruria m Tuscany n Venice o Sicily p Sardinia q Carinthia r Slavonia s Germany v Teutonia x [unclear] y [unclear] z Burgundy 2v Lotharingia O a Helvetia b Alsace c Prussia d Pruthenia e Wallachia f Vindelicia g Lithuania h Spain i Aquitaine k Lusitania l Portugal m Aragon n Catalonia o Granada p Castile q Galicia r Gascony s Australia t Gaul u France x Britain y Normandy z Picardy 20 Flanders a Zeeland b Holland c Brabant d Sycambria e [unclear] f Alsace g England h Albion i Scotland k Ireland l Hainaut m [unclear] and all things n [unclear] and all things o [unclear] p [unclear] r Navarre s Luxembourg t Majorca u Minorca x Campania y Candia z Rhodes 20 Cyprus a ours b they will take away c they will plunder d they will carry off e they will scatter f they will receive g they will take up h they will receive i they will divide k they will seize l they will overthrow m they will subvert n they will destroy o they will burn p they will break in pieces q they will despoil r they will depopulate s they will invade t they will obtain v they will occupy x they will preoccupy y they will hasten in z they will put up for auction 2v they will withdraw D ii a killing b killing outright c slaying d choking e suffocating f destroying g extinguishing h killing i putting to death k submerging l exterminating m disemboweling n beheading o crucifying p hanging q flaying r torturing s punishing t mutilating x y z 2v impiously everywhere openly everywhere wickedly hostilely cruelly horribly most impiously most cruelly most furiously terribly most savagely tearfully furiously publicly suddenly soon most wickedly most monstrously most shamelessly most greedily most wretchedly a us b you c our people d your people e our countrymen f men g the orthodox h believers i any men whatsoever j as many boys as k mortals l Christians m ecclesiastics n the baptized o the called p the elect q they shall have seen r they shall have found s they shall have discovered t they shall have met u they shall have invaded x they shall have occupied y he shall have preoccupied z they shall have stormed A they shall have seized B they shall have apprehended C they shall have detected D they shall have overcome E they shall have conquered F they shall have prevailed G they shall have conquered H they shall have looked upon I they shall have looked back J they shall have beheld K they shall have taken captive L they shall have deceived M they shall have led astray N they shall have seized. D iii a Pray b leaders c counts d rulers e governors f prelates g pontiffs h princes i bishops k mortals l Christians m worshippers of Christ n emperors o marquises p provincials q believers r priests s ecclesiastics t bishops v pastors x Catholics y orthodox z prefects 2v peoples a riches b of the maker c power d of the author e goodness f of the creator g clemency h of the fashioner i majesty k of the governor l patience m of the preserver n generosity o of the ordainer p goodness q of the defender r charity s of the protector t indulgence u mercy x of the helper y of the craftsman z compassion v excellence of the prince w meekness of the redeemer x long-suffering of the restorer y of the renewer O four a of all b of everyone c of all collectively d of Christians e of worshippers of Christ f of Catholics g of the orthodox h of believers i of the baptized k of the faithful l of the humble m of saints n of the elect o of the good p of the upright q of the just r of the living s of mortals t of the meek u of suppliants x of the wretched y of the poor z of us 20 of you a best b most pious c greatest d mildest e most renowned f most devout g most holy h powerful i almighty k all-powerful l strongest m most high God, so that n most blessed o glorious God, so that p great q eternal r merciful s everlasting t most sacred v most beautiful x most merciful y most mighty z most glorious 2v most benign a servants b by deceits c faithful ones by evils d servants by snares e humble ones by dangers f worshippers g by inconveniences h ministers by frauds i believers by evil deeds k priests by reproaches l credulous ones by vexations m lovers by devastations n imitators by tribulations o confessors by persecutions p preachers by attacks q the uncultivated by assaults r little servants by devices s peoples by incursions t orthodox by terrors x Catholics by fears y ecclesiastics by fears z worshippers of Christ by threats 20 a of nations a piously b of Gentiles b always c of heathens c everywhere d of perverse men d continually e of adversaries e continuously f of unbelievers f benignly g of barbarians g most piously h of Saracens h mercifully i of Mohammedans i more mercifully k of depraved men k most mildly l of Turks l most mercifully m of all impious men m most benignly n of the iniquitous n most mercifully o of evil men o mercifully p of tyrants p most swiftly q of heretics q most powerfully r of Tartars r most strongly s of criminals s powerfully t of idolaters t swiftly v of malignant men x v sweetly y of apostates y at all times z of schismatics z z forever ꝛv of infidels ꝛv perpetually a preserve b conserve c fortify in advance d fortify e defend f defend g protect h save i fortify k rescue l snatch away m guard n cherish o exempt p hide q free r draw back s keep v protect x redeem y strengthen z make firm 2v confirm a allow b cause c grant d favor e concede f permit g admit h assent i consent k be pleasing l overlook m please n will o provide p give r suffer s endure t contribute v indulge x nod assent y look upon z inspect 2v behold likewise in the same place G.

a to fall b to be struck out c to be overturned d to be subverted e to be destroyed f to be laid waste g to fail h to be weakened i to be trampled underfoot k to be annihilated l to be exterminated m to be troubled n to be disturbed o to be driven away p to be devastated q to be corrupted r to be violated s to be defiled t to slip down v to be extinguished x to perish y to collapse z to be vexed 20 to be scattered a chosen b sacred c holy d faithful e beloved f inviolate g venerable h honorable i venerable k uncorrupted l beloved before others m dear n sweet o pure p called q catholic r Christian s believing t assumed v most holy x most pure y most beloved z most beautiful 21 predestined a part b ascension c preaching d humanity e incarnation f circumcision g resurrection h killing i slaying k passion l gore m death n violent death o death p capture q captivity r blood s pains t sweats v labors x crucifixion y scourging z humility 2v patience P a beloved / a piously b eternal / b sweetly c coeternal / c powerfully d sweet / d kindly e holy / e virtuously f loved / f graciously g most sweet / g worthily h dearly beloved / h liberally i only-begotten / i most sweetly k only-begotten / k mercifully l most dear / l most liberally m his dear son / m most piously n his only Word / n most virtuously o like unto him / o most kindly p most holy / p most mercifully q everlasting / q most mercifully r coessential / r most indulgently s co-omnipotent / s mercifully t consubstantial / t most graciously v most beloved / v most powerfully x most dearly beloved / x kindly z most exceedingly sweet / z most piously 20 most dearly beloved / 20 freely a he chose b Let us cry out c Let us exclaim d Let us proclaim e Let us cry aloud f Let us shout g Let us weep h Let us wail i Let us arise k Let us rise up l Let us rise together m Therefore let us rise to n let us now return to o Let us turn p Let us pray q Let us entreat r Let us love s Let us proceed t Let us approach v Let us go forward x Let us flee for refuge y Let us flee back z Let us adore 2v Let us ask a pious b good c holy d best e greatest f honey-flowing g most generous h most pious i kindly k most gentle l sweetest m most merciful n most kindly o most indulgent p most excellent q most loving r merciful s lovable t glorious x gracious y sweet z gentle a creator b founder c savior d deliverer e redeemer f maker g giver of life h fashioner i reformer k maker l helper m our author Jesus n our God Christ o craftsman p king q judge r lord s [unclear] t sustainer v preserver x governor y rewarder z illuminator 2v enlightener a devoutly b sincerely c daily d continually e most humbly f most devoutly g most ardently h most fervently i most insistently k trustfully l confidently m assiduously saying n purely saying o rightly p piously q truly r truthfully s sincerely t most purely v humbly x ardently y fervently z affectionately 20 cordially A O pious one B O sweet one C O merciful one D O greatest one E O most pious one F O sweetest one G O most compassionate one H O all-powerful one I O most powerful one K O most merciful one L O most kindly one M O most loving one N O most indulgent one O O most merciful one P O most excellent one Q O most glorious one R O most victorious one S O most unconquered one T O strongest one V O most gentle one X O merciful one Y O crucified one Z O adorable one 20 O one to be worshiped a king / a of heaven b ruler / b of the world c maker / c of the earth d author / d of the heavens e creator / e of the lands f founder / f of the heavenly things g prince / g of earthly things h emperor / h of worldly things i fashioner / i of the things of the world k maker / k of the things above heaven l renewer / l of all things m restorer / m of all things n illuminator / n of all o enlightener / o of the universe p founder / p of the faithful q God / q of men r craftsman / r of angels s savior / s of humanity t ruler / t of visible things v preserver / v of mortals x governor / x of living beings y sanctifier / y of bodily things z moderator / z 20 rv establisher / rv 21 a have mercy b on the falling c on the wretched d on the abject e on the desolate f on the poor wretches g on the weak h on the slothful i on the feeble k on the most humble l on the acedia-stricken m on us unworthy ones n on the most vain o on the humble p on the frail q on the pitiable r pitiable s on the most abject t on the most unworthy v on the poor little ones x on the most wretched y on the poor z on the poor little ones 2v on the unclean a to servants / a sacred b to attendants / b holy c to little sheep / c consecrated d to sheep / d glorious e to little servants / e renowned f to ministers / f venerable g to worshipers / g venerable h to prayers / h memorable i to lovers / i to be recalled k to creatures / k most sacred l to those called / l most blessed m to the faithful / m most glorious n to your followers, [unclear] / n most excellent o to boys / o most kindly p to those saved / p most holy q to those redeemed / q honorable r to those delivered / r honorable s to those called together / s to be honored t to those gathered together / t health-giving v to servants / v praiseworthy x to believers / x most bright y to worshipers of Christ / y renowned z to Christians / z great a death b passion c teaching d institution e preaching f nativity g incarnation h humanity i annunciation k divinity l deity m your compassion, and o conception n your apparition, and p circumcision q baptism r captivity s scourging t resurrection v coronation x ascension y condescension z mercy 2v grant, give, bestow, furnish, confer, to provide, display, give gifts, pour in, forgive, may you forgive us, may you bestow upon us, bestow, concede, inspire, may you inspire, breathe upon, send in, may you send in, grant a true b faith c peace d charity e love f holiness g innocence h contrition i devotion k conversion l cleanness m chastity n concord, which, so that of your o patience p chastity r compunction s observance t abstinence v holiness x temperance y humility z goodness 2v obedience a praiseworthy b goodness c deity d virtue e majesty f wisdom g divinity h kindness i greatness k magnificence l omnipotence m mercy n dominion o sublimity p loftiness q will r providence s gentleness t blessedness v ordering x beauty y ineffable z eternal beauty a rightly a to serve b well b to obey c devotedly c to be in service d worthily d to deserve e worthily e to serve under f gratefully f to minister g steadfastly g to administer h unceasingly h to be pleasing i most devotedly i to be reconciled k incessantly k to serve l laudably l to serve as a soldier m most steadfastly m to obey n most worthily n to live o most gently o may we deserve to be joined together, and; p most rightly p may we be able to be associated, and q sincerely q to be united r blamelessly r to be joined s innocently s to be presented t perpetually t to communicate v continually v to cling x always x to adhere y assiduously y to share z continually z to be present 2v cheerfully a life b peace c light d rest e quiet f glory g portion h enjoyment i sweetness k pleasantness l brightness m vision n grace o dwelling p happiness q delight r consolation s exultation t joyfulness v habitation x jubilation y blessedness z reward 2v gladness a with the chosen b with the holy c with the called d with the servants e with the little servants f with the attendants g with the archangels h with the saviors i with the worshipers k with the friends l with the apostles m with the beloved n with the faithful o with the lovers p with the dearest q with the confessors r with the predestined s with the justified t with the martyrs v with the disciples x with the followers y with the native-born servants z with the household members 2v with the justified Q.

a may we have b everlasting c perpetual d eternal e enduring f incorrupt g incorruptible h lasting i supernatural k inestimable l heavenly m infinite n unending o supercelestial p unfailing q spiritual r intellectual s superintellectual t incircumscriptible v supereminent x superhuman y ever-abiding z ineffable 2v immutable a O life b of all and every one d Lord, salvation of all e Lord, ruler of believers f Lord, lover of Christians g Lord, savior of Christ-worshipers h Lord, redeemer of Catholics i Lord, governor of the orthodox k Lord, consoler of the faithful l Lord, life-giver of the poor m Lord, illuminator of [nations?], Jesus Christ n Lord, enlightener of the pious, Christ Jesus o Lord, sweetness of men q Lord, receiver of mortals r Lord, preserver of the humble s Lord, emperor of the devout t Lord, reward of the penitent u Lord, prince of the contrite x Lord, father of those who groan y Lord, defender of the living z Lord, rewarder of the wretched 2v of those who trust Q ij a crucified b Nazarene c most just d most strong e most loving f most merciful g most kind h most excellent i most glorious k most tender l sweetest m most pious n gentlest o most holy p brightest q dearest r most pleasant s most powerful t most worthy of worship v most merciful x most indulgent y unconquered z most victorious 20 wretched 21 weak 22 pitiable 23 most wretched 24 miserable 25 unclean 26 most filthy 27 most vain 28 frail 29 poor little ones 30 useless 31 unworthy 32 slothful 33 wicked 34 vain 35 most wandering 36 most wicked 37 foolish 38 silly 39 little fools 40 needy 41 poor 42 most unworthy a servants b divine c greatest d glorious e superdivine f most worthy g venerable h to be venerated i honorable k praiseworthy l to be honored m eternal n everlasting o enduring p infinite q perpetual r sacred s holy t most holy v sacrosanct x most sacred y inexplicable z inestimable 2v ineffable Q .iiij.

a virtue b perfection c majesty d clemency e sweetness f kindness g compassion h mercy i gentleness k blessedness l goodness m your grace n your piety o love p serenity q humanity r munificence s generosity t mildness u pleasantness x brightness y loftiness z excellence a devoutly b more devoutly c as suppliants d ardently e suppliantly f fervently g urgently h more urgently i steadfastly k more steadfastly l most urgently m most steadfastly n most fervently o most ardently p most diligently q most devoutly r most humbly s trustingly t confidently v reverently x prostrate y bowed down z assiduously a we pray; b may you remit; c may you pardon; d may you hide; e may you forget; f may you cleanse; g may you purify; h may you make clean; i may you purge away; k may you amend; l may you wash away; m may you dilute; n may you blot out; what, on the contrary, [unclear]; o may you wash; p may you relax; r may you purge; s may you take away; t may you grant; v may you defer; x may you forgive; y may you correct; z may you take away; [unclear] may you dissemble.

a justice; b we have done; c we have completed; d we have accomplished; e we have perpetrated; f we have desired; g we have coveted; h we have passed over; i we have sought after; k we have left off; l we have committed; m we have omitted; n we have loved; o we have desired; p we have loved; q we have cared for; r we have sinned; s we have offended; t we neglect; u we have practiced; y we have reconsidered; z we have thought; 2v we have admitted. Amen. O Amen. P Amen. Q Amen. R Amen. S Amen. T Amen. U Amen. V Amen. W Amen. X Amen. Y Amen. Z Amen. [unclear] Amen. [unclear] Amen.

The End of the First Book of Our Polygraphy

We rejoice that the end of the first book of our Polygraphy is at hand; by it, made readier for the matters that remain, we judge that the powers of our talent must be tested. For newly invented things sometimes trouble the beginner, because the one whom all follow has no one preceding him. The first beginning of any invention is the more difficult; afterwards, when it has been made firm, it brings greater confidence to the author. Therefore, completing the first book of our invention with God’s favor and help, we have divided the whole into three hundred eighty-four minutiae, assigning to each, in order, as is seen, its proper degrees of periphrases. And these form a sufficiently beautiful Christian harmony: sixteen different stations, with two hundred and nine thousand phrases duly joined together in all respects. Nothing is lacking here for students of these inventions of ours, so that in mystical, secret, and hidden matters, even those to be announced more remotely with the greatest safety, they may have the fullest knowledge and faculty. All things that are contained in the circle of the art proceed from a point; their atoms constitute a circular line, and, by a multitude of light, a straight one. Whatever is outside the line is said always to be enclosed among the minutiae and paraphrases, and never goes out. Therefore, whenever you have crossed the straight line of the day and have not fulfilled the purpose of the nocturnal syntax, turn the head back to the tail, and, once a joining has been made, let there be a binding of both to one another. Arrange the shadow in such a way that it does not confuse the sun by similarity of sound. Nor should you fear shame if, in the first calculation, the day has not comprehended the shadow; count it together with the other until the necessary proportion follows according to your wish. You will also be able to make a leap from the first to the second, knowing that in the first creation of days there was evening and morning, one day. Therefore, in the evening when it has been completed, bring the day back into the following one, and, when the sign has been given by a point, fix the mystery known to the binary together with the monad.

But in order that you may be able to avoid this difficulty, distinguish the great revolutions of our whole sphere by arithmetical degrees; where the day is repeated in place of the night, set the mark of Archimedes upon the flying thing, lest the untimely ternary, on its return to unity, be shut off by the binary. For on this account we would relieve [unclear] the paraphrases of counting by single minutiae. If you are industrious, diligent, and studious in these things which we have handed down as the principles of a new art, believe me, you will find greater things hidden there than we have promised. Indeed, since many natural secrets are contained in these things, know one thing, not the least: that by the prudent operation of metathesis, whenever you wish, you will make even one most skilled in this art ignorant, the seeing man blind, the learned man unskilled. If the false opinion of the Hebrews were true, namely that there are eighteen thousand worlds for each individual human being, this invention of ours would give to each one individual ways of safely and secretly writing and very widely communicating whatever secrets they wished in Latin.

The end of the first book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of the monastery of Saint James the Apostle at Wurzburg, is here, on the twelfth day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord's nativity one thousand five hundred and eight.

Here begins the second book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of [Peapolitan?], of the Order of Saint Benedict.

The reckoning-method of mortals, by art, tries to imitate nature, which admits no calculation of the monad. Hence, although the arrangement of the preceding book of the Polygraphy, through the extension and metathesis of particular things, may suffice as it were for the universals of this art in the infinite progressions of number, nevertheless a certain consideration has moved us to join another to it. The condition of light is different in each; but night preserves inviolate in both the order of its course. The prudent reader, from these small inventions of ours, not sufficiently polished to the rule, will easily be able, if he is strong in excellent talent, to discover greater and more polished things. Whatever visible thing is set within the whole circle of the universe supplies ready support for the service of this new art of ours. Air and fire, water and earth, springs and rivers, trees and fruits, flowers and grasses, words and names, accident and substance, stones and sand, dung and excrements, things and terms, honorable and modest things, wood and metals, hard and liquid things, things existing and non-existing, history and fable, men and beasts of burden, particular and universal things, whatever speech can express or the soul can think, provide a very broad field for our Polygraphy, and promise that the art, so far as it can be established for mortals, will be enlarged to infinity. For just as from unity through the binary the ternary generates the perfect number in the quaternary, so the invention of this ...the completion through the quaternary in the twice-perfect binary, establishing the root, grants us an infinite number under the minutiae of things and of the paraphrases of polygraphy. For even if among us all our things are terminable, nevertheless many things very often occur which, because of the slowness of our understanding, seem infinite to us. Who will be able to count the drops of the sea? And who will penetrate the inscrutable heart of man? Just as a finite and circumscribable number can be led by progression into infinity, so the instruction of this art is enlarged immeasurably by varied transposition. Whatever is seen anywhere in the whole world is in all respects conformed to our instruction; nor is there anything known to us that is free from mystery, if the method is understood from the master. But we, persuaded by reason, remain under the service of the binary, and briefly explain the smallest part of the whole. Nor is occasion given us to raise our undertaking to weightier matters; if it is offered to us as acceptable, we shall not refuse to make them manifest to those who desire it. For it is written: Where there is no hearing, never pour out speech. Therefore, adding the second book of Polygraphy to the first, we keep its form and method, placing three hundred and eight paraphrases in the light of day by simple progression, as an honorable memorial to the most chaste Mother of God. If a suitable time had been at hand, we could have given things both more elegant and, with sufficient broad spreading, more extensive. But studious posterity will easily provide both: that it may add polish to the material, and sufficient progress to the form. The first inventor of any art passes on greater things to posterity, because, since the beginnings of an art are hard and unfamiliar, no subtle invention is found perfected from its origin. From Peapolis, which is also Herbipolis, a city of the eastern Franks, on the twelfth day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord 1508.

A: beginning; B: life; C: morals; D: merits; E: praises; F: lineage; G: origin; H: commendations; I: offspring; K: genealogy; L: kindred; M: integrity; N: virginity; O: chastity; P: justice; Q: piety; R: virtues; S: holiness; T: institution; V: beauty; X: kindness; Y: mercy; Z: of the untouched, most blessed, undefiled, unstained, most innocent, most splendid, most shining, most honorable, health-bringing, inviolate, blessed Virgin Mary, of holy Mary the Virgin, consecrated, most pure, most modest, most beautiful, most kind, most serene, most sweet, most gentle. B.

A: mother; B: coequal; D: consubstantial; E: nurse; G: immutable; F: parent; H: conceiver; I: bearer; K: carrier; L: producer; M: receiver; N: educator; O: bridal chamber; P: armory; Q: shrine; R: nourisher; S: temple; T: citadel; V: bride; X: shepherdess; Y: tabernacle; Z: workshop; [ʒv]: treasury; 40: architriclinium; A: coessential; D: consubstantial; G: incomprehensible; H: inconceivable; I: inestimable; K: unfailing; L: everlasting; M: ineffable; N: eternal; O: beloved; P: perennial; Q: only-begotten; R: sole-begotten; S: coexisting; T: immortal; V: most loving; X: dearest; Y: sweetest; Z: strongest; 41: of the Son, the Word. O T A S R V C I Q D P M L E N H G F B K J I U X Y Z W V E.

A: highest; B: friends; C: brothers; D: almighty; E: fellow-soldiers; F: fellow-worshippers of Christ; G: fellow-Christians; H: fellow-Catholics; I: uncircumscribable; K: fellow-believers; L: companions; M: of the most high God the Father; O: my monks; N: of the most glorious God the Father; O: fellow-monks; P: fellow-cloisterers; Q: fellow-priests; R: fellow-presbyters; S: supereminent; T: fellow-pastors; V: superessential; X: fellow-mortals; Y: supremely good; Z: fellow-believers; 2v: supreme; 2v: companions at table; R ij.

A: best; B: most gentle; C: sweetest; D: strongest; E: most learned; F: dearest; G: most loving; H: most studious; I: most erudite; K: most vigilant; L: most skillful; M: most beloved; N: most pleasant; O: most cautious; P: most honorable; Q: most devout; R: most virtuous; S: most excellent; T: most laborious; V: most patient; X: most noble; Z: most prudent; 2v: devoutly; 3b: assiduously; 4c: willingly; 5d: continually; 6e: continuously; 7f: fervently; 8g: humbly; 9h: most humbly; 10i: most devoutly; 11k: zealously; 12l: unceasingly; 13m: most ardently; 14n: most fervently; 15o: most constantly; 16p: most joyfully; 17q: constantly; 18r: more fervently; 19s: more ardently; 20t: more joyfully; 21v: daily; 22y: cheerfully; 23z: always.

[unclear]

A: our; B: your; C: of good men; D: of holy men; E: of just men; F: of the elect; G: of believers; H: of orders; I: of the faithful; K: of the humble; L: of the upright; M: of the pious; N: of the devout, through which; O: of minds; P: of souls; Q: of the saved; R: of Christians; S: of penitents; T: of the orthodox; V: of Catholics; X: of the living; Z: of human beings; [unclear]: introduction. A: gate; B: approach; C: access; D: return; E: passage; F: entrance; G: entry; H: return; I: progress; K: ascent; L: agreement; M: doorway; to us, to the roads; to us, to the way; path; track; means; guidance; confidence; passage; leading by the hand; departure; introduction.

A: life; B: lies open; C: is made open; D: opens; E: will lie open; F: is opened; G: is restored; H: is granted; I: is bestowed; K: is contributed; L: is supplied; M: is repaid; N: is reformed; O: is returned; P: is given back; Q: is displayed; R: is shown; S: is declared; T: is pointed out; V: rest; X: fourteen; Y: [unclear]; Z: [unclear]; [unclear].

A: eternal; B: blessed; C: O holy; D: O untouched; E: O bright; F: O perpetual; G: O inviolate; H: O blessed; I: O undefiled; K: O uncontaminated; L: O most blessed; M: O most holy; N: O most bright, and; O: O venerable, and; P: O glorious; Q: O most exalted; R: O beautiful; S: O gracious; T: O notable; V: O most glorious; X: O most glorious; Y: O most beautiful; Z: O most pure; [unclear]: O most pure.

A: most pious; B: mother, nurse; C: most dutiful; D: guide; E: sweetest; F: lamp; G: most kindly; H: patroness; I: mercy, advocate; K: most shining; L: helper; M: most honorable; N: promoter; O: virgin, helper; P: most happy; Q: protectress; R: most chaste; S: preserver; T: most adorned; U: intercessor; V: most serene; X: restorer; Y: most noble; Z: comforter; Z: most beautiful, lover; T: most innocent; V: savior; Z: most fruitful; Y: empress; 20: most gentle.

A: of the needy; B: to guilt; C: to fault; D: to sin; E: to stain; F: to liability; G: to excess; H: to crime; I: to offense; K: to sin; L: to wickedness; M: of Christ-worshippers, which; N: by no blemish, least of all, never; O: to disgrace; P: to malice; Q: to displeasure; R: to negligence; S: to transgression; T: to indignation; V: to temptation; X: to vanity; Y: to the wrath of God; Z: to offense; [unclear]: to pleasure.

A: subject; B: clean; C: innocent; D: immune; E: harmless; F: unstained; G: most pure; H: most bright; I: most clean; K: most luminous; L: blameless; M: most just, and always; N: inviolate, and always; O: most holy; P: most innocent; Q: immaculate; R: uncontaminated; S: most shining; T: most beautiful; V: most beautiful; Y: beautiful; Z: beautiful; [unclear]: bright.

a protected, b fortified beforehand, c fortified together, d preserved, e most carefully reserved, f [unclear], g most firmly confirmed, h immune, i very remote, k very alien, l exempt, m removed, n far away, o free, p defended, q separated, r confirmed, s privileged, t you lived, u you shone, x you remained, y you continued, z you remained from every; a you persevered, b you flourished again, c you shone brightly, d you flourished, e you shone forth, f you existed, g you were, h you endured, i you gleamed, j you lasted on, k you flashed, l you were bright, m you advanced, n you shone upon, o you escaped, p you shone, q you shone back from a stain, a wretched b from harm, b frail c from filth, c most wretched d from fault, d pitiable e from guilt, e miserable f from transgression, f deserving pity g from blemish, g most unworthy h from rottenness, h corruptible i from pollution, i most wicked k from vanity, k most vain l from stench, l most foul m from the vice of sin, us, m most unjust n from the blemish of sin, us, n most abject o from blight, o most unhappy p from defilement, p most filthy q from displeasure, q unclean r from contraction, r humble s from corruption, s weak t from uncleanness, t poor v from transgression, v useless x from offense, x perishable y from foulness, y unjust z from incursion, z abject a human beings b of the almighty b little men c of the all-sustaining c worshipers of Christ d of the all-knowing d Christians e of the super-luminous e Catholics f of the immortal f orthodox g of the everlasting g faithful h of the inestimable h worms i of the unfailing i mortals k of the ineffable k living persons l of the sweetest l believers m of your most dutiful son, your son m trustful persons o of the most illustrious p of the most gentle n debtors q of the most loving r of the most beloved o sinners s of the most merciful t of the most kind p little worms v of the most excellent x of the unchangeable q ecclesiastics y of the incomprehensible z of the supercelestial r cloistered persons zv of the most glorious s regulars 20 carnal persons 21 of the omnipotent 22 by authority 23 decretal 24 canonical 25 episcopal 26 patriarchal 27 papally 28 apostolic 29 generally 30 particularly 31 universal 32 specially 33 ultimately 34 immediately 35 directly 36 indirectly 37 by divine precept 38 by human law 39 by the authority of Christ and his Church. 40 by the power and influence possessed by the Church. 41 by the consent of the whole Church. 42 by the consent of all good Christians. 43 by the consent of holy men. 44 by the consent of learned men. 45 by the consent of those who are to be consulted. 46 by the consent of bishops. 47 by the consent of priests. 48 by the consent of laymen. 49 by the consent of religious. 50 by the consent of children. 51 by the consent of adults. 52 by the consent of young people. 53 by the consent of old people. 54 by the consent of sick people. 55 by the consent of healthy people. 56 by the consent of rich people. 57 by the consent of poor people. 58 by the consent of powerful people. 59 by the consent of powerless people. 60 by the consent of free people. 61 by the consent of enslaved people. 62 by the consent of conquered people. 63 by the consent of victorious people. 64 by the consent of defeated people. 65 by the consent of vanquished people. 66 by the consent of conquerors. 67 by the consent of subordinates. 68 by the consent of masters. 69 by the consent of rulers. 70 by the consent of subjects. 71 by the consent of governors. 72 by the consent of the governed. 73 by the consent of commanders. 74 by the consent of the commanded. 75 by the consent of leaders. 76 by the consent of followers. 77 by the consent of inspirers. 78 by the consent of the inspired. 79 by the consent of enforcers. 80 by the consent of the enforced. 81 by the consent of promoters. 82 by the consent of the promoted. 83 by the consent of protectors. 84 by the consent of the protected. 85 by the consent of supporters. 86 by the consent of the supported. 87 by the consent of upholders. 88 by the consent of the upheld. 89 by the consent of maintainers. 90 by the consent of the maintained. 91 by the consent of preservers. 92 by the consent of the preserved. 93 by the consent of sustainers. 94 by the consent of the sustained. 95 by the consent of procurators. 96 by the consent of the procured. 97 by the consent of receivers. 98 by the consent of the received. 99 by the consent of givers. 100 by the consent of the given. 101 by the consent of senders. 102 by the consent of the sent. 103 by the consent of bringers. 104 by the consent of the brought. 105 by the consent of bearers. 106 by the consent of the carried. 107 by the consent of transporters. 108 by the consent of the transported. 109 by the consent of conveyers. 110 by the consent of the conveyed. 111 by the consent of deliverers. 112 by the consent of the delivered. 113 by the consent of releasers. 114 by the consent of the released. 115 by the consent of rangers. 116 by the consent of the ranged. 117 by the consent of warders. 118 by the consent of the warded. 119 by the consent of bannisters. 120 by the consent of banished persons. 121 by the consent of excommunicators. 122 by the consent of excommunication. 123 by the consent of interdictors. 124 by the consent of interdiction. 125 by the consent of incarcerators. 126 by the consent of incarceration. 127 by the consent of emoluments. 128 by the consent of emolument. 129 by the consent of advantages. 130 by the consent of advantage. 131 by the consent of benefits. 132 by the consent of benefit. 133 by the consent of services. 134 by the consent of service. 135 by the consent of favors. 136 by the consent of favor. 137 by the consent of graces. 138 by the consent of grace. 139 by the consent of mercies. 140 by the consent of mercy. 141 by the consent of indulgences. 142 by the consent of indulgence. 143 by the consent of pardons. 144 by the consent of pardon. 145 by the consent of remissions. 146 by the consent of remission. 147 by the consent of absolutions. 148 by the consent of solvency. 149 by the consent of liberation. 150 by the consent of liberty. 151 by the consent of redemption. 152 by the consent of recompense. 153 by the consent of reward. 154 by the consent of encouragement. 155 by the consent of support. 156 by the consent of sustenance. 157 by the consent of assistance. 158 by the consent of aid. 159 by the consent of help. 160 by the consent of comfort. 161 by the consent of consolation. 162 by the consent of pleasure. 163 by the consent of joy. 164 by the consent of mirth. 165 by the consent of laughter. 166 by the consent of tears. 167 by the consent of sorrow. 168 by the consent of grief. 169 by the consent of anguish. 170 by the consent of distress. 171 by the consent of affliction. 172 by the consent of woe. 173 by the consent of despair. 174 by the consent of hopelessness. 175 by the consent of despondency. 176 by the consent of melancholy. 177 by the consent of gloominess. 178 by the consent of sadness. 179 by the consent of misery. 180 by the consent of calamity. 181 by the consent of misfortune. 182 by the consent of adversity. 183 by the consent of tribulation. 184 by the consent of persecution. 185 by the consent of torment. 186 by the consent of torture. 187 by the consent of suffering. 188 by the consent of pain. 189 by the consent of agony. 190 by the consent of tormentor. 191 by the consent of the tormented. 192 by the consent of oppressors. 193 by the consent of the oppressed. 194 by the consent of tyrants. 195 by the consent of the tyrannized. 196 by the consent of despots. 197 by the consent of the dominated. 198 by the consent of masters. 199 by the consent of the subjugated. 200 by the consent of governors. 201 by the consent of subjects. 202 by the consent of commanders. 203 by the consent of the commanded. 204 by the consent of leaders. 205 of the Creator; servile; of the creature; little dependents; servants; priests; hierophants; ministers; preachers; attendants; hearers; servants; very small worshippers; disciples; heralds; lovers; adorers; venerators; obedient ones; imitators; followers; suppliants; ministers; adherents.

accustomed; clemency; charity; sweetness; pity; kindness; mercy; compassion; meekness; love; gentleness; grace; goodness; abundance; maternity; fecundity; plenty; abundance; graciousness; serenity; majesty; humanity; munificence.

devoutly; ardently; continually; humbly; most humbly; most devoutly; most ardently; most insistently; most fervently; most cordially; most desirously; most affectionately; tearfully; most reverently; desirously; cordially; fervently; confidently; reverently; suppliantly; suppliant; humble; trustfully; we pray; we ask; we entreat; we beseech; we request; we implore; we invoke; we beg; we urgently entreat; we demand; we adore; we ask; we beseech; we knock; we call upon; we repeatedly ask; we request; we intercede; we demand; we ask earnestly; we ask; we sigh for; we seek.

may you scorn; should you have scorned; scorn; may you despise; despise; should you have despised; may you contemn; contemn; should you have contemned; may you set little value on; should you have set little value on; should you have made light of us; may you abominate us; may you make light of; should he have deemed worthless; may you forget; should he have deemed worthless; may you deem worthless; should you have cast away; may you cast away; may you throw away; may you deny; should you have denied; may you abandon; may you put to shame. Most infirm; most corrupt; corruptible; contemptible; little men; men; poor; unhappy; frail; perishable; vain; idle, therefore because; vile, for this reason, because; slothful; needy; destitute; idle; wretched; poor little wretches; most wretched; pitiable; miserable; lost; desolate.

of evil; may you remember; remember; may you be mindful; call to mind; be mindful; be mindful; remember; consider; think back; think; weigh; look upon; recall; look back upon; look into; behold; weigh carefully; attend; [unclear]; attend; may you turn your attention; turn your attention. Take heed.

had been; men; living; fleshly; parents; foreparents; sinners; worldly; worldly; earthly; earthly; infirm; wretched, in such [unclear] in such; unjust; wicked; harmful; guilty; frail; weak; pitiable; lamentable; first parents; first-formed; transgressors; had utterly degenerated; mortal.

in power; in honor; in majesty; in dignity; in eminence; in preeminence; in honorableness; in magnificence; in excellence; in prerogative; in principality; by no means in might; least of all in glory; in state; in worship; in brightness; in height; in blessedness; in beauty; in exaltation; in veneration; in dominion; in greatness. You would shine; you would reign; you would shine forth; you would glitter; you would gleam; you would shine; you would glow; you would radiate; you would reside; you would shine; you would gleam; you would shine forth; you would exist; you would be; you would rejoice; you would be glad; you would exult; you would be held; you would rule; you would prevail; you would be worshipped; you would exult; you would stand.

infirmity; strength; fragility; insufficiency; deficiency; want; weakness; failing; misery; poverty; destitution; cause; need; ruin; calamity; abasement; unhappiness; condition; poverty; desolation; affliction; our; all things; of individual living mortals, believing, earthly, fleshly, exiled, wandering, weeping, infirmity, crying out, lamenting, supplicating, imploring, requesting. Therefore, accordingly, O Mary, O Mary.

most chaste queen; most blessed mother; most modest lady; most holy princess; most beautiful patroness; fairest advocate; most powerful consolation; most glorious restoration; most renowned restorer; most bright consoler; purest refuge; venerable virgin, protection of all; sweetest help for all things; most pious aid; most sweet helper; most merciful helper; most kind assistant; most fruitful mirror; most flourishing confidence; most innocent trust; most excellent hope; most shining glory; most gentle joy.

a our; b of the faithful; c of the good; d of mortals; e of the living; f of believers; g of Christians; h of Christ-worshippers; i of penitents; k earthly; l of creatures; m of men and of all; n of angels and of all; o of saints; p of the just; q of the pious; r of the humble; s of those who hope; t of Catholics; v of exiles; x of the poor; y of the devout; z of the contrite; 2v storehouse. a fountain; b urn; c chest; d well; e streamlet; f river; g spring; h dwelling; i beginning; k depth; l outflow; m depth; n shelter; o dining-room; p habitation; q dwelling; r abode; s garden; t little garden; u sanctuary; x upper room; y paradise; z workshop; 2v storehouse.

a of peace; a piously b of grace; b most piously c of piety; c kindly d of purity; d mercifully e of charity; e kind f of love; f kindly g of indulgence; g more mercifully h of mercy; h favorably i of compassion; i most kindly k of consolation; k most mercifully l of beauty; l mercifully m of innocence; m most graciously n of loveliness; n most tenderly o of virtue; o graciously p of goodness; p unceasingly q of salvation; q continually r of happiness; r daily s of holiness; s assiduously t of humility; t constantly v of blessedness; v always x of gentleness; x willingly y of joyfulness; y compassionately z of integrity; z patiently 20 of clemency; 21 compassionately T a hear; b nurse; c patroness; d advocate; e helper; f comforter; g preserver; h aider; i defender; k promoter; l mediatrix; m savioress; n receiver; o healer; p rescuer; q spokeswoman; r intercessor; s reconciler; t protection; v place of flight; x refuge; y compassionate one; z protectress; 2v liberator.

a of the weak | b of the needy | c of the poor | d of the wretched | e of the sick | f of the sick [unclear] | g of Christians | h of Christ-worshippers | i of Nazarenes | k of Catholics | l of churchmen | m of the desolate | o of the compunct | p of the contrite | r of the afflicted | s of the devout | t of the faithful | v of the humble | x of believers | y of those who mourn | z of those who deserve | 2v of penitents | a show: | b may you show: | c show thou: | d remember: | e may you remember: | f recall | g demonstrate: | h demonstrate: | i show: | k declare: and for “and,” “for” | m declare: | n know | o may you know: | q recognize thou | r recognize: | s understand: | t may you know | v you will have known | 2v exhibit | T ij | a from faults; b from [unclear]; c from stains; d from sins; e from impieties; f from iniquities; g from enormities; h from transgressions; i from imperfections; k from impurities; l from offenses; m from depravities; n from crimes; o from wicked deeds; p from wrongdoings; q from sins; r from transgressions; s from offenses; t from injustices; v from things committed; y from negligences; z from uncleannesses; 2v from evil deeds. a our; b of all; c of the faithful; d of the humble; e of believers; f of penitents; g of Christians; h of Christ-worshippers; i of the predestined; k of Catholics; l of churchmen; m of the compunct; n of the orthodox; o of the afflicted; p of the afflicted; r of those who mourn; s of the good; t of the pious; x of those who seek; y of those who ask; z of those who hope; 2v of those who desire.

a by holy; b interventions; c deprecations; d petitions; e prayers; f invocations; g assistances; h prayers; i petitions; k entreaties; l suffrages; m by your protections before; n by your aids before; o merits; p benefits; q patronages; r favors; s helps; t supplications; v reliefs; y alleviations; z sins; 2v demands T iiij.

a best; b author; c creator; d founder; e maker; f fashioner; g preserver; h governor; i illuminator; k enlightener; l redeemer; m liberator; n savior; o emperor; p maker; q judge; r king; s ruler; t lord; v moderator; x preserver; y disposer; z ordainer; 2v director.

a of heaven; b constantly; c more gently; d assiduously; e daily; f continually; g willingly; h more willingly; i voluntarily; k graciously; l cheerfully; m sweetly intercede; n appeal; o [unclear]; p without interruption; q more sweetly; r more mercifully; s as quickly as possible; t mercifully; v perpetually; x fully; z more fully T iiij.

a eternal; b best; c greatest; d heavenly; e supreme; f immortal; g omnipotent; h all-powerful; i most strong; k all-holding; l omniscient; m exalted, and indeed exalted, for; n of worldly things; o virtuous; p invisible; q highest; r everlasting; s sempiternal; t most wise; v most praised; x most prudent; y most excellent; z most radiant; ru of the elements; au of heaven; bu of the world; cu of the earth; du of the heavens; eu of lands; fu of the world; gu of men; hu of humanity; hv of all things; mi of worldly things; mo of supercelestial things; mp of intellectual things; mq of sensible things; mr of mortals; ms of celestial things; mt of the sea; nu of the abyss; nv of the universe; nx of universality; ny of the elements.

a author b uncircumscribable c incomprehensible d most merciful e most clement f unchangeable g most benign h most perfect i most devoted k most blessed l sweetest m ineffable n infinite o most pious p most illustrious q God [unclear] r incorruptible s inconceivable t most glorious x inaccessible z immutable 2v above all 3v maker a virgin b queen c lady d dove e empress f pearl g little virgin h Theotokos i little ewe k girl l lamp m Mary n woman o root p rose q phoenix r violet s mistress t daughter v star x female y little virgin z childbearing woman 20 bearer of the Word a most pure b most chaste c most bright d most noble e most illustrious f most modest g most renowned h most beautiful i fairest k most graceful l most splendid m most radiant in n most adorned in o most devoted p most happy q most pious r most gentle s most powerful t most celebrated v sweetest x most intact y most prudent z most illustrious 20 most serene a mother b parent c begetter d childbearing woman e conceiver f educator g procurer h dwelling i sacred thing k ark l nourisher m fosterer n nurse o suckler p temple q caretaker r [unclear] s domicile t [unclear] v habitation x receptacle y resting-place z tabernacle 20 shelter of the beloved, coeternal, dearly beloved, only-begotten, sole-begotten, ever-begotten, sweetest, most loving, most beloved Jesus Christ, Jesus her Son, before the only Word of his own, before [unclear], bright, dearest, coessential, sweetest, most pleasing, most powerful, most glorious, co-omnipotent, consubstantial a of heaven .3. b of earth .4. c of the world .8. d of the heavens .19. e of the world .28. f of things .33. g of the spheres .24. h of the cosmos .24. i of the creature .24. k of creatures .24. l of man .24. m of men .24. n of angels .24. o of visible things .24. p of sensible things .24. q of mortals .24. r of the universe .24. s of all things .24. t of the firmament .24. u of the stars .24. y of the sun .24. z of the moon .24. [unclear] of the sea .24. a beginning .24. b commencement .24. c principle .24. d first beginning .24. e placing .24. f operation .24. g existence .24. h creation .24. i founding .24. k establishment .24. l constitution .23. m fabrication .22. n production .22. o ordering .22. p beginning .22. q procreation .22. r construction .22. s [unclear] .22. t composition .22. v disposition .22. x appearance .22. y formation .22. z publication .22. [unclear] location .22.

a piously b called c read beforehand d prepared e prepared beforehand f ordained g preordained h predestined i named beforehand k pre-canonized l privileged m predisposed, so that through you n magnified, so that o preconstituted p placed beforehand q reckoned beforehand r recognized s proposed t looked upon v looked into x looked back upon y looked upon z saw 2v foresaw A a life b salvation c savior d of those set free e redemption f of those set free g reparation h of those led back i vivification k vivifier l sanctification m reconciler n purification o renewer p renewal q innocence r liberty s might be given t might appear u might be bestowed x might come y might be born z might be rendered aa might be restored bb might be given back cc might be forgiven dd might be distributed ee might draw near to us all ff might be ministered gg may overflow hh might rise up ii might come forth kk might burst forth ll might come to aid mm might arise nn might be raised up oo may draw near pp might be ministered qq may overflow rr might burst forth ss might come to aid tt might arise uu might be raised up xx may draw near yy might be ministered zz may overflow aaa might burst forth bbb might come to aid ccc might arise ddd might be raised up a from the wretched b by deceit c by envy d by malice e by persuasion f by treachery g by falsehood h by [unclear] i by virulence k by fraudulence l by [unclear] m by malignity n by perversity o by flattery p by envy q by madness r by poison s by frenzy t by cunning u by suggestion V ij a of evil b of Baalim c of the devil d of Satan e of Astaroth f of Lucifer g of Beelzebub h of Leviathan i of Paymon k of Merhezin l of Amaymon m of Satan n of Barban o of Vulcan p of Pluto q of Misotheus r of Misanthropus s of Sachmach t of Asmodeus v of Acheron x of Belial y of Zagan z of Buffyn 2v of Zabulus a cunningly b unjustly c wretchedly d most wickedly e deceitfully f unjustly g maliciously h most wretchedly i cruelly k most deceitfully l most cruelly m pitiably n slanderously o most wickedly p most fraudulently q most perniciously r [most audaciously?] s most unjustly t stealthily u craftily x shamefully z wickedly A deceived b overthrown c led astray d subverted e stripped d despoiled g supplanted h dishonored i defiled k prostrated l cast down m conquered n killed o vanquished p captured q slain r slaughtered s intercepted t corrupted v depraved y circumvented Z ii a True b showing c pointing out beforehand d setting forth e making manifest f protesting g intimating h declaring i confirming k affirming l crying out m bearing witness n saying o teaching p reporting q asserting r instructing s showing t revealing v explaining x speaking between y calling to witness z attesting 2v confirming scripture, page 013.

a we read b Father c creator d founder e author f maker g fashioner h monarch i governor k preserver l emperor m our Lord God n our ruler God o king p maker q judge r artificer s rectifier t confirmer v distributor x ordainer y disposer z moderator 2v moderator U iv a eternal b exalted c best d greatest e heavenly f supreme g glorious h most gentle i almighty k all-powerful l most merciful m most excellent n most merciful o incomprehensible p unchangeable q most benign r everlasting s most loving t most glorious v magnificent x most holy y sweetest z immense 2v most pious loved b esteemed c weighed d valued e weighed carefully f magnified g made great h reckoned i accounted k was loving l had loved m loved n loves o cares for p loves q esteems r values s honors t accounts u had loved x had esteemed z honored 2v honored a the world b beloved c coeternal d blessed e sweetest f only-begotten g only-begotten h most loving i dearest k like l resembling m the abject as his Son n beloved beforehand o loved p loved beforehand r most pious s most loving t commensurate v coessential x [unclear]-begotten y everlasting z most beloved 2v consubstantial a mortal b man c visible d flesh e passible f human g fleshly h body i body k bodily l perceptible m made mediator n made savior o liberator p redeemer q like us r human s suffering t humble v needy z naked a to give b to offer c to bestow d to send e to expose f to grant g to destine h to expend i to sacrifice k to present l to transmit m to be killed for n to be slain for o to be killed p to be slaughtered q to be incarnate r to be scourged s to be sold t to be beaten v to contribute x to bestow y to furnish z to die 2v to suffer a for the salvation a of the world b for the raising-up b of man c for the snatching-away c of all d for the salvation d of all e for the liberation e of all f for the re-creation f of men g for the repair g of the penitent h for the redemption h of believers i for the restoration i of those desiring k for the renewal k of those trusting l for the making-new l of those confessing m for the renewal m of the humble, he would not doubt n for the reformation o of the poor, he would not refuse o for the sanctification p of the frail p for the rectification q of exiles q for the justification r of mortals r for the vivification s of those groaning s for the cleansing t of the wretched t for the beatification x of the contrite v for the glorification y of the fallen x for the consolation z of those going astray y for the recall z of those returning z for the leading-back zv redemption.

a O rosy b most blessed c most holy d most beautiful e most lovely f most adorned g most fruitful h most precious i most benign k most merciful l sweetest m most happy n most pious, through whom o most gentle, from whom p most pure q most chaste r most loving s most modest t most virtuous u most innocent v most powerful x most serene y most illustrious z most noble 2v most renowned a life for the wretched b hope for the poor wretches c peace for the faithful d salvation for the humble e virtue e for those to be pitied f goodness f for the poor g happiness g for the pitiable h security h for those in exile i concord i for those groaning k consolation k for sinners l vivification l for the penitent m glorification m for believers n tranquility n for Christians o resuscitation o for Christ-worshipers p resurrection p for those supplanted q restitution q for those despoiled r salvation r for those led astray s health s for those deceived t cure t for the contrite v rest v for the afflicted y grace x for the desolate z glory z for human beings rv joy rv for those deserving X a has come; b has arrived; c has proceeded; d has come forth; e has shone; f has sprouted; g has germinated; h is communicated; i has been restored; k is restored; l germinates; m sprouts; n has arisen; o arises; p has grown; q grows; r flourishes; s flourished; t has shone forth; u has flashed forth; x proceeds; y has burst forth; z is prepared; 20 has been prepared.

a most pleasant; b most beautiful; c most delightful; d most sweet; e sweetest; f everlasting; g most renowned; h perpetual; i perennial; k angelic; l greatest; m most luminous; n most abundant; o most illustrious; p most excellent; q most abounding; r most divine; s very sweet; t most gentle; v highest; x truest; y safest; z happiest; 20 freest.

a pray; b entreat; c plead; d adore; e beseech; f request; g demand earnestly; h implore; i intercede; k speak; l pray; m knock; n ask; o press; p stand by; q cry out; r exclaim; s beseech; t intervene; v intercede; x may you intervene; z may you come to aid; 20 come to aid.

a from faults; b from offenses; c from sins; d from evils; e from guilty deeds; f from excesses; g from wickednesses; h from crimes; i from misdeeds; k from negligences; l from crimes; m from our committed acts to; n from our injustices to; o from evil deeds; p from impieties; q from iniquities; r from necessities; s from imperfections; t from imperfections; v from transgressions; x from calamities; z from tribulations; 20 from sins.

a God; b of all; c of the anointed; d of all collectively; e of the ages; f of human beings; g of angels; h of humanity; i of the universe; k [unclear]; l of the supercelestial; m of the world; n of mortals; o of the living; p of the faithful; q of the humble; r of the creature; s of souls; t of spirits; x of heavenly beings; y of minds; z of hearts; 2v author; 2v of souls.

a Jesus Christ; a chaste; b most beautiful; b pure; c most powerful; c virgin; d most kindly; d luminous; e most pious; e untouched; f most merciful; f most chaste; g most indulgent; g most pure; h [most merciful?]; h undefiled; i most wise; i most whole; k most radiant; k most modest; l most just; l most luminous; m most gentle, whom you; m beautiful; n most pious, whom [unclear]; n comely; o dearest; o modest; p highest; p whole; q most equitable; q unstained; r unchangeable; r inviolate; s most holy; t incorrupt; v almighty; v most comely; x most excellent; y splendid; z incomprehensible; z most beautiful; 2v uncircumscribable; 2v most innocent mother.

a of the world b of a creature c of creatures d of man e of men f of humanity g of worldly things h of mundane things i of supercelestial things k of natures l of visible things m of sensible things n of lands o of angels p of principality q of principalities r of earthly things s of corruptible things t of material things v of spiritual things x of spirits y of waters z of mountains and of hills a mother b parent c nurse d begetter e receiver f conceiver g bather h consoler i caretaker k preserver l giving birth m generating her own n conceiving her own o bearer p carrier q educator r healer s nurse t fosterer v nourisher x washer y bride z friend and woman in childbirth X four a special b foresaw c pre-elected d ordained e prepared f predisposed g predestined h prenamed i pre-assumed k exalted l separated m disposed n foresaw o prepared p called q constituted r consecrated s preconstituted t consecrated v proclaimed beforehand x sanctified y preserved z granted in prerogative and privileged and also a happily a the heavens b gloriously b the angels c most happily c heavenly things d honorably d angelic things e worthily e the stars f reverently f powers g most worthily g principalities h most reverently h archangels i most gloriously i dominions k magnificently k the universe l most powerfully l every creature m mercifully now above m eternity n joyfully now above o powers o most joyfully p virtues q most brilliantly q seraphim r most eminently r cherubim s most excellently s all things t munificently t thrones v perpetually v the ether x most beautifully x everything z most peacefully z the moon 20 most graciously 20 the sun a placed b exalted c adorned d raised up e super-exalted f constituted g advanced h set in place i elevated k translated l lifted up m introduced n set over o crowned p illuminated q assumed r brought to s deputed t counted v numbered x ascribed y enrolled z assigned and separated a more preeminent b more eminent c more excellent d more glorious e more sublime f more powerful g brighter h more illustrious i greater k better l higher m more blessed, so that the more you are, so much you n happier, so that the more you are, so much you o freer p more serene q more renowned r more outstanding s more distinguished t worthier u more excellent x holier y more exceptional z more beautiful and more fair a milder b sweeter c more pleasant d kinder e more clement f more merciful g more indulgent h nearer i more favorable k more abundant l readier m more appeased toward us n more peaceful toward us o more cheerful p closer q more inclined r gentler s more humane t more munificent v more excellent x more familiar y more frequent z more beneficent 20 to consign 21 to grant, to show, to declare, to reveal, to demonstrate, to present, to manifest, to recognize, to acknowledge, to know, to offer, to show, do not refuse, to intimate, to reveal, to esteem, to reconsider, to remember, to reckon, to be mindful, to expend, to understand, to consign a truly b we know c we believe d we perceive e we acknowledge f we have acknowledged g we have known h we know i we recognize k we have recognized l we understand m we have understood n we protest o we attest p we bear witness q we profess r we confess s we consent t we trust v we hope x we acknowledge y we hold z we teach and we are taught a mother b of light c of peace d of salvation e of piety f of radiance g of happiness h of charity i of sweetness k of goodness l of grace m of joy n of justice o of virtue p of wisdom q of clemency r of innocence s of perfection t of mercy v of blessedness y of pleasantness z of purity Y a by all a worthy b by eternal things b to be sung c by unceasing things c to be adorned d by continual things d to be adorned e by the greatest things e to be crowned f by all things f to be honored g by most renowned things g to be celebrated h by all persons h to be venerated i by immense things i to be commended k by everlasting things k to be celebrated together l by the most devout l to be canonized m by humble persons m to be commemorated n by immortal things n to be remembered o by most abundant things o to be remembered p by most plentiful things p to be solemnized q by perpetual things q to be kept as a feast r by the humblest r to be extolled s by perpetual things s to be loved t by immense things t to be cherished v by everlasting things v to be prayed to x by outstanding things x to be sung y by ample things y to be proclaimed z by many things z to be exalted 20 by holy things 20 to be adorned greatly a by merits b by prayers c by praises d by proclamations e by services f by honors g by prayers h by laudations i by commendations k by supplications l by solemnities m by dances n by songs o by favors p by voices q by joys r by feasts s by vows t by songs v by verses x by hearts y by poems z by honors 2v by festivities; a life b peace c salvation d piety e justice f holiness g redemption h sanctification i justification k reconciliation l deliverance m freedom through you n security through you o consolation p innocence q immortality r blessedness s glorying t happiness u health x goodness y virtue z light 2v hope, ys ij a is given b to the weak c to the wretched c is restored d to the meek d is forgiven e to the poor e is restored f to the gentle f is bestowed g to the humble g is assigned h to mortals h is assigned i to human beings k to earth-born ones k is shown l to exiles m to penitents, whom n to wanderers, whom o to believers p to Christians q to Christians r to the faithful s to Catholics t to the orthodox v to the desolate x to the frail y to the guilty z to sinners 2v to worldly people a deceit b of the worst c of the malignant d of the lying e of the most foul f of the filthiest g of the most unclean h of the most criminal i of the most foolish k of the most unspeakable l of the most wicked m of the most worthless n of the most impious o of the most stupid p of the most foolish q wicked r most venomous s persuasion t malice u flattery x madnesses y poison z invention 2v contrivance 2v of the criminal, ys iii a of the enemy b of the snake c of the serpent d of the adversary e of the opponent f of the slanderer g of the slandering one h of the accuser i of the corrupting one k of the corrupter l of the betrayer m of the apostate n of the enemy o of the hater p of the wolf q of the lion r of the robber s of the spirit t of the murderer v of the deceiver x of the one lying in wait y of the transgressor z of the supplanter 2v of the poisoner 3v misalethis a of Zabulus b of the devil c of Satan d of Lucifer e of Asmodeus f of Paymon g of Amaymon h of Rambant i of Radamant k of Hamelon l of Ammon m of Alaphant n of Astaroth o of Nerget p of Argeet q Belial r Berich s Egyn t Orson v Ursur x Asant y Schuraym z Lutheal 3v misalethis a wretchedly b held c detained d had held e was detaining f had occupied g was preoccupying h preoccupied i occupied k was holding l had m had had n was possessing o had possessed p possessed q had tortured r was obtaining s obtained t most furiously v most wickedly x z y u w x z y u v w x z y u v x z y u v w z y u v x z u v w z y u x z u v w z u v x z u w z y u x v w z u v x w z u v x v w z u x v w z u x w z u v x w z y u x v z u w z u v x w z v u x w z u x v z u w z v u x v z u x w z v u x z u w z v x z u x w z v x z u w z u x v z v u x w z v x z v u x w z u z v x w z u x v z z u w z u x w z z u x v z u v x w z z u x z u w z z u x v a captives b of hell c of death d of misery e of sadness f of grief g of miseries h of darkness i of bitterness k of sorrows l of desolation m of unhappiness n of damnation o of aversion p of poverty q of exile r of deviation s of error t of ignorance v of corruption x of anathema y of malignity z of curse 2v of indignation a Is born b Was born c Was being born d Appeared e Was appearing f Had appeared g Will appear h Was appearing i Appeared k Is conceived l Was conceived m Will be conceived n Will come o Had come p Came q Was shining r Was gleaming s Had shone t Was beginning to shine v Gleamed x Proceeded y Flourished z of the eternal, great, best, highest, greatest, ineffable, almighty, all-powerful, incomprehensible, unsearchable, inconceivable, incorruptible, all-powerful, most merciful, most kindly, most pious, everlasting, immortal, invisible, magnificent, most pious a of God b begotten of the eternal c consubstantial d only-begotten e coessential f only-begotten g ever-begotten h coeternal i coequal k coeval l beloved m only n one alone o eternal p pleasing q well-pleasing r promised s most gentle t sweetest u most loving x most beloved y most innocent z incomprehensible 2v a of Jacob b visible c touchable d palpable e bodily f perceptible g tractable h capable of suffering i mortal k audible l lowly m carnal n lowly o poor p needy q destitute r alone s despised t unknown v incarnate y made man z made human 2v enathropyson a the most noble form b form b most holy c appearance c most beautiful d matter d most comely e little burden e most splendid f participation f most radiant g weakness g most glorious h communion h most shining i participation i most modest k weakening k most chaste l humiliation l most pure m humility m most pious virgin n humanity n greatest virgin o becoming human o most renowned p incarnation p most honorable q little body q most merciful r prison r most innocent s human being s most compassionate t flesh t most excellent v body v most eminent x body x most excellent y our y most precious z sense z most worshipful 20 most dutiful a taking b of flesh c of weakness d of humanity e of frailty f of condition g of likeness h of mortality i of passibility k of generation l of humility m of feebleness n of poverty o of abasement p of substance q of essence r of nature s of want t of need u necessity x of exile y of weakness z Z a impious b enemy c wicked d thief e worst c wolf d lying d lion e criminal e spirit f savage f devil g most criminal g demon h most lying h robber i most savage i murderer k most malignant k apostate l most wicked l deserter m most treacherous n waylayer o [unclear] p slanderer q most proud r transgressor s malignant t hater of mankind v malicious u hater of truth x treacherous y tyrant z ancient v snake y twisted z serpent z envious 2v cruel adversary a by great b justice c equity d humility e courage f fighting g struggle h contest i combat k perseverance l gentleness m encounter n conflict o combat p compassion q swiftness r ease s goodness t reason v piety x mercy y charity z love 2v endurance Z ij a he overcame b of the humble c of the poor d of the wretched e of captives f of the deceived g of the abased h of the lost i of the frail k of human beings l of mortals m of penitents n of the contrite o of those groaning p of those in exile q of the desolate r of those crying out s of those invoking t of believers v of Christians x of Catholics z of the orthodox 20 .

a life b he recalled c he renewed d he made new e he restored f he re-established g he reformed h he refitted i he reordered k he restored l he brought back m he received n he remitted o he brought in p he introduced q he instituted r he ordained s he re-elected t he chose beforehand v he invited x he admitted y he rehabilitated z he sanctified 2v he brought to life Z iij a eternal b Born c everlasting d Having suffered e everlasting f Captured g lost h Killed i heavenly k Slain l perpetual m Dead n beatifying o Detained p everlasting q Struck r most shining s Put to death t most beautiful u Nailed [unclear] v most wholesome x Scourged [unclear] y inestimable z Wounded 10 super-celestial p Incarnate q unchangeable r unending s desirable t Humbled u perennial x Crowned y saving z Beaten 20 deifying Colaphized 30 divine Blasphemed 40 Martyred a by vices b of the fallen c of the collapsed d of the wretched e of the poor f of the weak g of the needy h of human beings i of mortals k of the desolate l of the dying m of the dead, by death, us n of earth-born beings, by death, us o of believers p of all universally q of all collectively r of all s by others' t of others u of the world x of the world y of the faithful z of the humble 2v of penitents Z iiij a bitter b bitter c precious d holy e painful f pitiable g pitiable h worthy of compassion i most virtuous k most victorious l most innocent m most precious n most bitter o most atrocious p most wretched q most sorrowful r most cruel s dreadful t most shameful x contemptible z most cruel 20 inaccessible a best b greatest c highest d most high e most gentle f sweetest g almighty h all-powerful i most holy k most blessed l most sacred m most merciful n unchangeable o uncircumscribable p most compassionate q most kind r most worshipful s most pious t most serene u most placid y most renowned z inaccessible a to God b to the Father c to the author d to the maker e to the fashioner f to the creator g to the founder h to the ruler i to the preserver k to the governor l to the fabricator m to the molder n o beginning p principle q to the ruler r to the judge s to the king t [unclear] x to the inspector y to the knower z to the consoler 20 to the searcher a our b of the globe c of the world d of all e of all collectively f of the universe g of the whole universe h of worldly things i of worldly things k of heavenly beings l of the heavens m of the lands n reconciled heaven o reconciled earth p of spirits q of souls r of mortals s of living beings t of angels v of earthly beings x of the faithful y of breathing beings z of breathing beings 20 of each single one 316 Most diligently for us; most wisely for the wretched; most prudently for the poor wretches; most worthily for earthly people; most humbly for the desolate; most faithfully for mortals; unceasingly for the living; most justly for earthborn people; most rightly for the poor; joyfully for exiles; cheerfully for the frail; deservedly for all who are defective; constantly, therefore, for the faithful; rightly for Christians; justly for worshippers of Christ; by right for believers; always for sinners; continually for Catholics; continuously for the penitent; ardently for the compunct; fervently for the contrite; diligently for those who groan; most fervently for the afflicted.

With great alacrity; with charity; with love; with integrity; with purity; with innocence; with exultation; with jubilation; with diligence; with cheerfulness; with holiness; with affection; with goodness; with boldness; with faith; with reverence; with rectitude; with observance; with benevolence; with simplicity; with chastity; with sobriety; with chastity.

Salvation to be praised; saving to be honored; freedom to be venerated; liberation to be extolled; redemption to be especially honored; renewal to be proclaimed; resurrection to be preached; reconciliation to be greatly loved; restoration to be especially loved; restoration to be loved; vivification to be cherished; you are to be implored, because through you [comes] blessing; you are to be venerated, because through you [comes] grace; peace to be recalled; life to be marveled at; light to be admired; rest to be invoked; repose to be adored; security to be remembered; tranquility to be glorified; mercy to be celebrated; kindness to be sought; clemency to be observed.

Arisen for the humble, for the upright in heart, for believers, for the meek, for all, for everyone, for the predestined, for the justified, for the sanctified, for the penitent, for suppliants, for those who request, for those who entreat, for those who seek, for those who pray, for those who ask, for the compunct, for the contrite, for the wretched, for the poor wretches, for those to be pitied, for exiles, for mortals.

We ask; we seek; we desire; we seek earnestly; we believe; we hope; we trust; we desire; we long for; we wish for; we pray; we pray [therefore]; we beseech; we entreat; we implore; we beg; we request; we await; we urgently ask; we wait for; we demand; we supplicate; we desire earnestly. Most pious; most gentle; most loving; most worthy; most beautiful; fairest; most kindly; most merciful; most reverend; most glorious; most precious; most innocent; most excellent; most eminent; most splendid; most shining; most renowned; most powerful; most noble; most modest; most chaste; most pure; most holy; most blessed.

Virgin of all; queen of all; woman of all; lady of the poor; helper of the humble; patroness of the faithful; advocate of human beings; restorer of the wretched; empress of believers; ruler of Christians, Mary; preserver of pilgrims; defender of the orthodox; reconciler of imploring Catholics; restorer of those who invoke; reliever of those who wait; refreshment of those who wait; comforter of the living.

To be saved; to be brought to life; to be justified; to be set right; to be purified; to be cleansed; to be sanctified; to be formed; to be enlightened; to be glorified; to be reconciled; to be fortified; to be made new; to be renewed; to be beatified; to be gladdened; to be helped; to be amended; [unclear]; to be preserved. By holy, constant, great, very great, continual, sweetest, frequent, most pious, magnificent, most holy, most pleasing, most effective, most powerful, most kindly, most glorious, most distinguished, most merciful, daily, [unclear], fruitful.

By your merits, aids, suffrages, prayers, intercessions, interventions, succors, reliefs, alleviations, protections, defenses, supports, before [him]; by entreaties, favors, helps, petitions, [unclear], agitations, supplications, defenses, requests, petitions; before the eternal, heavenly, most pious, supreme, highest, everlasting, sweetest, most loving, almighty, all-powerful, most merciful, most kindly, most merciful, most indulgent, most excellent, most meek, most tranquil, most glorious, unconquered, strongest, most holy, highest, most powerful, most eminent.

a by the author b by the savior c by the creator d by the founder e by the emperor f by the maker g by the fashioner h by the restorer i by the renewer k by the reconciler l by the preserver m by the governor n by the confirmer o by the comforter p by the illuminator q by the [enlightener?] r by the consoler s by the justifier t by the repairer v by the promoter x by the liberator z by the mediator 2v of those who trust a our b of the world c of the universe d of all e of all collectively f of all things g of the whole universe h of the whole world i of the globe of lands k of creatures l of Christ-worshipers m of Christians, by Jesus Christ, than n of the humble, by Christ Jesus, whom o of the faithful p of the living q of those hoping r of mortals s of the frail t of lands u of men x of humanity y of believers z of Catholics 2v of those who trust a you conceived b he will hear c he will hear favorably d he hears favorably e he receives f he will receive g he admits h admit i he honors k he will honor l he reveres m he will revere n he listens o he will listen t he will not despise x he will regard y he regards z he will behold auspiciously 2v he beholds a four a you will have asked b he accomplished c he established d he constituted e he placed f he raised up g he exalted h he adorned i he embellished k he ordered l he crowned m he appointed n he wished o he instituted p he chose q he chose beforehand r he promoted s he declared t he demonstrated v he proposed y he set over z he preordained 2v he honored .3. O .4. C .19. H .20. D .13. E .16. F .18. G .18. H .17. I .16. K .17. L .16. M .16. N .16. O .16. P .16. Q .16. R .16. S .16. T .16. V .16. Y .16. Z .16. 2V .16. a he made b he accomplished c he [unclear] d he constituted e he placed f he raised up g he [unclear] h he adorned i he embellished k he ordered l he crowned m he appointed n he [unclear] o he instituted p [unclear] q [unclear] r he proclaimed s I declared t he showed v he demonstrated y [unclear] z he preordained 2v he honored .3. O .3. C .19. h .18. i .17. k .17. l .16. m .16. n .16. o .16. p .16. q .16. r .16. s .16. t .16. v .16. y .16. z .16. 2v .16.

a powerful b great c glorious d greatest e worthy of honor f honorable g empress h moderator i princess k lady l queen m patroness n advocate o most renowned p preeminent q highest r excellent s omnipotent t most powerful v most glorious x most eminent y most preeminent z most excellent 2v chosen angels, archangels, principalities, powers, cherubim, seraphim, virtues, thrones, heavenly beings, all saints, all heavens, blessed ones, good spirits, creatures, souls, men sanctified, beatified, dominions, glorified, predestined a subjecting b handing over c granting d handing over in return e contributing f submitting g permitting h committing i promising k dismissing l donating m giving n furnishing o offering p conferring q conceding r assigning s administering t exhibiting u v x y z 2v a to vows b to merits c to prayers d to commands e to mandates f to orders g to wills h to precepts i to supplications k to prayers l to desires m to all your precepts n to all commands o to counsels p to protections q to aids r to suffrages s to good pleasures t to petitions v to intercessions x to helps y to interventions z of patronage 2v to petitions a We ask b most pure c most holy d most pious e most modest f most noble g most beautiful h most fair i most innocent k most precious l most chaste m most gentle n most pious o most adorned, and four times virgin Mary p most renowned r most glorious s most merciful t most excellent v most splendid x most merciful y most powerful z most kind 2v sweetest a praise b joy c sweetness d sweetness e refreshment f pleasantness g delight h empress i glorification k glorifier l exultation m exaltation n lady o glory p glorying r lover s adornment t adornress v comfortress x crown-giver y crowning z crowning a of the just b of the pious c of the upright d of the good e of the saints f of angels g of the blessed h of the elect i of the humble k of believers l of the faithful m of all virtues and n of all the happy and o of the heavenly p of apostles q of martyrs r of virgins s of innocents t of confessors v of prophets x of patriarchs y of Christ-worshipers z of Christians zv of principalities a pious b powerful c ready d willing e most worthy f most ready g most powerful h most pious k merciful l sweet m gentle n true o certain p unique q sole r solid s firm t best v greatest x most certain y truest z most loving 20 most kind a mother b parent c favorer d patroness e advocate f mediatrix g helper h promotress i preservatrix k defender l helper m trust n fosterer o hope p peace q salvation r healer s savioress t confidence v restauratrix x renewer y pitier z procuratrix 20 refreshment b a of the faithful b may you entreat c may you adore d may you plead e may you ask f may you demand g may you intercede h may you intervene i may you appeal k may you speak between l may you speak forth m may you implore for us n may you speak for us o may you demand p may you demand earnestly q may you ask r may you request s may you seek t may you seek earnestly v may you pray x may you beseech y may you demand urgently z may you demand very urgently 2v may you assist [unclear] a may you pray b may you entreat c may you adore d may you plead e may you ask f may you demand g may you intercede h may you intervene i may you appeal k may you speak between l may you speak forth m may you implore for us n may you speak for us o may you demand p may you demand earnestly q may you ask r may you request s may you seek t may you seek earnestly v may you pray x may you beseech y may you demand urgently z may you demand very urgently 2v may you assist [unclear] a may you pray b may you entreat c may you adore d may you plead e may you ask f may you demand g may you intercede h may you intervene i may you appeal k may you speak between l may you speak forth m may you implore for us n may you speak for us [unclear] a from the wretched b from human beings c from humiliations d from mortals e from sinners f from earthly people g from worldly people h from earth-born people i from earthly people k from exiles l from servants m to believers n to the orthodox o to servants p servile q to Catholics r to Christians s to worshippers of Christ t to ecclesiastics v to pilgrims x to the poor y to carnal people z to cloistered people 2v to ministerial people b ij a pious b just c great d best e greatest f most pious g most mild h most devoted i sweetest k almighty l everlasting m most benign n most merciful o most glorious p most indulgent q most powerful r unchangeable s immortal t glorious v eternal x benign z sanctifier 2v emperor 3b redeemer 4c savior 5d liberator 6e founder 7f creator 8g maker 9h raiser-up 10i lord 11k judge 12l king 13m God 14n craftsman 15o author 16p father 17q helper 18r ruler 19s receiver 20t dominator 21x preserver 22y life-giver 23z governor a our b little hour c of all d instant e of the faithful g point h of believers i instant j of all people k severity l of visible things m cruelty n of mortals o anguish p of spirits q necessity r of souls s rawness t and when u moment, disturbance x calamity y of the elect z tribulation v of the poor t violence x sadness y of human beings x groaning z fear of Christians 20 b iiij a, of death; b, of decease; c, of going; d, of going out; e, of departing; f, of migrating; g, of emigrating; h, of going forth; i, of returning; k, of advancing; l, of migrating together; m, of transmigration; n, of dissolution; o, of decease; p, of dying; q, of being dissolved; r, of dying; s, of dying utterly; t, of withdrawing; v, of going away; x, of departing; y, of being dissolved; z, of flying away; 2v, of flying off. To be present, to come, to be imminent, to stand by, to arrive, to press in, to emerge, to burst in, to burst forth, to hasten, to rush in; it began to press, then it began to prevail, then to press urgently, to rise up, to arise, to draw near, to approach, to come near, to trouble, to leap forth, to stand by, [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear] [unclear].

a most pious b mother c parent d lady e patroness f advocate g helper h empress i auxiliatrix k succorer l intercessor m interlocutor n intermediatrix o preserver p merciful one q mediatrix r procuratrix s savioress t promoter v woman in childbirth x Theotokos y nurse z woman 2v queen b four a pious b gentle c sweet d pleasant e merciful f maternally g most piously h piously i pleasantly k faithfully l sweetly m mercifully n most gently o most sweetly p most piously q most faithfully r most pleasantly s kindly t personally v most kindly x constantly y cheerfully z wholesomely ꝓv powerfully a be present b appear c may you appear d come to aid e may you come to aid f may you succor g succor h succor i show favor k may you show favor l favor m be present, lest n stand by, lest o may you stand by p be before us q be before us r be present s have mercy t may you have mercy v have compassion x have mercy y you will stand by z stand by ꝓv shine upon us a may we be condemned b unjust c reprobate d criminal e wicked f worst g apostate h treacherous i worthless k unbelieving l unfaithful m may we be reckoned with n demons in o [unclear] p most impious q most unjust r may we be joined to the most criminal s may we be ascribed t most wicked v may we be enrolled among the most perverse x may we be numbered y obstinate z may we be snatched away by malefactors 2v may we be scourged by evils a dreadful b fearsome c to be feared d horrible e terrifying f severe g most severe h most severe i most horrible k most fearsome l most equitable m most just n future o equitable p just q certain r impending s ordained t to come v most certain x infallible y inevitable z evident 2v manifest a of God b of Christ c of the Lord d of the Creator e of the Founder f of the Savior g of the Fashioner h of the Redeemer i of the Sanctifier k of the Giver of life l of the Ruler m of the Emperor n of the Governor o of the Preserver p of the Maker q of the Sustainer r of the Moderator s of the [unclear] t of the Inspector u of the Maker x of the Ruler y of the Craftsman z of the King 2v of the Judge a our life b the gladness of the world c the sweetness of all d the rest of all e the glory of all f the pleasantness of the universe g the delight of the Almighty h the joy of the All-powerful i the blessedness of the Omniscient k the enjoyment of the most just l the brightness of the most upright m the peace of the Greatest with all n of the Best, not judgment but light with all o the quiet of the Highest p the dwelling of the Powerful q the habitation of the most equitable r the happiness of the Most Powerful s the jubilation of the Incomprehensible t the delight of the Uncircumscribable v of the Undeceivable y exultation z the glorification of the Infallible ꝛv the freedom of the Terrible a with the holy b with the elect c with the good d with the just e with the apostles f with the angels g with the blessed h with the upright i with the happy k with the justified l with the sanctified m with the heaven-dwellers n with the glorious o with the pious p with the pure q with the faithful r with Christians s with worshipers of Christ t with the virtuous x with archangels y with evangelists z with confessors 2v with the predestined a eternal b everlasting c perpetual d perennial e sempiternal f joyful g most delightful h unending i incomparable k unfading l indescribable m inestimable n light-flowing o ineffable p most beautiful q unceasing r infinite s promised t promised again v angelic y heavenly z celestial divine a Father b our c of all d of all together e of all universally f of the universe g of Christians h of worshipers of Christ i of the predestined k of the supercelestial l of the universal m of the general n of [unclear] o of men p of the just q of the good s of the meek t of the faithful u of the holy x of believers y of angels z of spirits 2v of the orthodox C a you are in the heavens b you are present b in heaven c you live c in the heights d you stand forth d in the height e you exist e in the high place f you remain f in the high places g you abide g in the highest place h you shine h in the highest places i you rule i in the heavenly places k you are chief k over all l you triumph l over the universe m you flash m in the things above n you command n in the heavens o you reign o in heaven p you shine p for an age r you sit r for eternity s you reside s everlastingly t you take refuge t perpetually u you dwell u sempiternally x you gleam x in eternity y you shine forth y in the most eminent place z z you are glorified z in the most eminent places 2v in the highest places 2v in the highest places

[unclear]

A may come; B may come together; C may arrive; D may proceed; E may be united; F may be gathered together; G may be magnified; H is multiplied; I may be sanctified; K may be enlarged; L may be gathered; M may prosper; N may be increased; O may be extended; P may be pacified; Q may prevail; R may grow strong; S may be exalted; T may be increased; U may be made firm; X may be strengthened; Y may grow; Z may come. A kingdom; B empire; C dominion; D institution; E teaching; F good pleasure; G promise; H established thing; I promise; K utterance; L counsel; M your word; N your doctrine; O sheepfold; P work; R pleasing thing; S reward; T amulet; V remedy; X help; Y dwelling; Z testimony; 2v sanctifying thing.

A may it be done; B institution; C constitution; D precept; E disposition; F ordination; G consultation; H providence; I predestination; K compassion; L mercy; M pity; N thought; O willing; P mind; Q command; R law; S justice; T veneration; X consolation; Y justification; Z sanctification; 2v illumination. C. iii.

a: as; b: in the heavens; c: just as; d: in the heights; e: together; f: heavenly; g: likewise; h: in the highest places; i: as if; k: above the heavens; l: in order that; m: in the highest place; n: in what manner; o: heavenly; p: after the likeness of; q: in the heights; r: always; s: righteous; t: continually; u: on high; v: constantly; x: equally; y: good; z: as; [unclear]: to the blessed; and by happiness; perpetually; to archangels; continually; to principalities; to dominions; 20: and in.

a: earth; b: lands; c: earth-born beings; d: earthly beings; e: terrestrial beings; f: men; g: in pilgrimage; h: in wanderings; i: those living in exile; k: sinners; l: mortals; m: worldly persons; n: human beings; o: in the world; p: the lowest beings; q: in the lowest place; r: in the depths; s: in the lowest depth; t: to us; v: in exile; x: frail beings; y: faithful persons; z: living persons; 20: lower beings.

a: bread; b: sustenance; c: clothing; d: cup; e: garment; f: covering; g: nourishment; h: increase; i: clothing; k: victual; l: support; m: food; n: feeding; o: drink; p: mixture; q: food; r: adornment; s: progress; t: consolation; v: aid; x: refreshment; y: nourishment; z: provision; 20: support.

a: our; [unclear]: daily; b: necessary; c: everlasting; d: prepared; e: of angels; f: eternal; g: of the heavenly ones; h: desired; i: of blessedness; k: pure; l: of innocence; m: bright; n: of goodness; o: life-giving; p: salvation-bringing; q: of peace; r: very strong; s: of life; t: very solid; u: of virtue; v: magnificent; x: of charity; y: bright white; z: of perfection; 20: longed-for.

a: give / to us; b: grant / to the wretched; c: forgive / to the pitiable; d: concede / to the needy; e: may you concede / to the faithful; f: grant / to those in need; g: bestow / to the poor; h: may you bestow / to believers; i: bestow / to those asking; k: may you distribute / to supplicants; l: distribute / to those earnestly asking; m: bestow generously / to those waiting; n: bestow / to those beseeching; o: furnish / to those waiting; p: confer / to penitents; q: offer / to those in need; r: bring / to mortals; s: may you offer / to those praying; t: may you confer / to those seeking; v: may you provide / to those desiring; x: provide / to those praying; y: grant / to those entreating; z: may you grant / to those asking; 20: provide / 21: to those requesting.

a: today; b: may you forgive; c: may you forgive; d: may you remit; e: remit; f: forgive; g: pardon; h: may you pardon; i: cleanse; k: may you cleanse; l: may you wipe away; m: I wipe away for us; n: wipe away for us; o: release; p: may you release; q: forgive; r: may you forgive; s: release; t: may you release; v: release; x: take away; y: may you take away; z: take away; 20: dissolve.

a debts b crimes c offenses d crimes e wicked deeds f demerits g evil deeds h wrongs i sins k shameful acts l sins m hidden things n vices o evils p depraved things q neglected things r things committed s things committed t things omitted v things transacted x imperfect things y more hidden things z things perpetrated 2v trespasses; a as b just as c like d just as e because f insofar as g insofar as h in what manner i since k as often as l whenever m as often as. and we n just as. and we o provided that p as soon as q indeed r while s when t who v as x that y if z for 2v for.

a we forgive b we remit c we pardon d we are reconciled e we suffer together f we forgive g we grant h we grieve with i we have mercy k we release l we loosen m we spare n we do o we perform p we bestow q we lavish r we pray against s we yield t we come to aid v we do good x we consent y let us show z we show; a debtors b those owing c those doing injury d evildoers e those doing evil f those insulting g detractors h those detracting i injurers k adversaries l adversaries m our enemies, and not n our foes, and not o rivals p opponents q [unclear] r injurers s those harming t persecutors v plotters x slanderers y those slandering z those persecuting 2v offenders.

a us b lead c pious d you are led e righteous f you have led away g bring the good h lead the gentle i bring k bring the faithful through l you are brought through as fragile m bring forth men n bring together the wretched o you have brought mortals together p believers brought together q headlong r bring back the pitiable s Christians t humble x little ones y contrite z you are led in v lead away 2v weak d.

a temptation b deliver b temptations c may you deliver d g c trial e deliver f relieve d trials e may you relieve f relieve e trials f preserve f trial g alienation h may you preserve i apostasy m preserve k aversion l may you preserve calamity p preserve m depravity n I preserve, but may you preserve o sin q may we be preserved from destruction r may you guard against death s perdition t may we be kept v impenitence x may you keep y obstinacy z defend against displeasure redeem 2v desolation 3y redeem.

a us b from evils c from sin d from sins e from malice f from evil deeds g from an evil deed h from evil deeds i from danger k from dangers l from perdition m from liabilities n from diseases [unclear] amen o from death p from liability q from vices r from vice s from fault t from faults u from offense x from offenses y from crime z from curse 2v from curses d ij.

Hail b Hail c Hail d Hail e May you be well f Rejoice g May you rejoice h Rejoice i Be glad k Applaud l May you applaud m Applaud n Rejoice together o May you rejoice together p Rejoice together q May you be glad together r Be glad together s May you exult t Exult v May you be well x Farewell y Live z May you live 20 most gracious; a Mary b virgin c queen d lady e child-bearing woman f empress g little virgin h mistress i bearer of the Word k parent l mother m rose n untouched o inviolate p patroness q God-bearing r advocate s incorrupt t undefiled u unstained z most gracious.

a with grace b filled c filled d filled e adorned f adorned g adorned h fullest i most filled k heaped up l richest m most abundant n most overflowing o most adorned p surrounded q sublime r [unclear] s abounding t overflowing u suffused v rich z iiij.

[unclear]

a by women; a blessed b by ladies; b more-than-blessed c by virgins; c supremely exalted d by mothers; d supremely praised e by women giving birth; e most noble f by parents; f most renowned g by the continent; g most excellent h by women in labor; h most delightful i by principalities; i most glorious k by supercelestial beings; k supremely praiseworthy l by dominions; l most excellent m by powers and; m most kindly n by virtues; n most preeminent o by human beings; o most preeminent p by angels; q most powerful r by girls; r most sweet s by the heavens; t most sweet v by the things above; v venerable x by creatures; z to be worshiped y by heavenly beings; y noble z eternal; 2v four a fruit; b conceived; c only-begotten; d only-begotten; e firstborn; f begotten of God; g heaven-born; h God-bearer; i little boy; k Lord; l born; m son; n boy; o offspring; p infant; q little infant; r inhabitant; s preparer; t sanctifier; v illuminator; x preserver; z glorifier; 2v of the breast; a of the womb; b of the belly; c of the stomach; d of the navel; e of the ventricle; f of the dwelling-place; g of the workhouse; h of the little shade; i of the tabernacle; k of the little body; l of the body; m of the body; n of the womb; o of the breast; p of the belly; q of the sanctuary; r of the prison; s of the seed; t of the blood; u of the blood; x of the viscera; y of [unclear]; z of the milk; 2v of the breast a Jesus; b best; c Lord; d exalted; e emperor; f Most High; g redeemer; h almighty; i giver of life; k all-powerful; l sanctifier; m most merciful; n governor; o most kindly, amen; p moderator; q unchangeable, amen; r maker; s magnificent; t merciful; u judge; v thundering on high; x liberator; y pious; z fashioner; most [unclear]; 20 ordainer; incomprehensible Christ a Hail; b Be hailed; c May you be well; d May you rejoice; e Rejoice; f Rejoice; g May you be well; h Farewell; i Farewell; k Hail; l Be hailed; m Rejoice; n May you rejoice; o Exult; p Be exalted; q Rejoice together; r May you greatly rejoice; s May you applaud; t Applaud; u Live; x May you live; z live; 20 live; a queen; b little virgin; c little maiden; d empress; e receptacle; f dwelling; g tabernacle; h treasury; i ruler of the feast; k repository; l inventory; m renewer; n mistress; o fullness; p storehouse; q lady; r well; s ark; v urn; t little garden; y mother; z 20 mother a of mercy; b salvation; c virtue; d trust; e strength; f confidence; g compassion; h giving of life; i preservation; k renewer; l preserver; m sanctifier; n justification; o sanctification; p exultation; q crown; r joy; s happiness; t coronation; u exaltation; x blessing; y glorification; z defender; 2v of happiness; 2v life a sweetness a hope b sweetness b praise c delight c piety d gladness d praise e charm e patroness f beauty f advocate g management g gladdening h manager h she who gladdens i tranquility i praising together k restorer k comforter l reformer l she who has mercy m restorer and n rest n reformation o quiet p comforter p peace q consolation q light r protection r mother s rejoicing s parent t festivity t devotion v cheerfulness v relief y helper x reliever z helper z mediatrix [unclear] promoter [unclear] intercessor

a our b dear c hail d may you be well e rejoice f may you rejoice g may you rejoice together h I rejoice together i rejoice together k rejoice l be glad m exult To you n may you be glad To you o hail p hail q live r live on s may you live t farewell v may you be well x applaud y [unclear] z may you applaud [unclear] of mortals e a we cry b we cry out c we declaim d we exclaim e we cry together f we call upon g we call from below h we proclaim i we call back k we cry aloud l we entreat m we provoke n we flee o we flee back p we run back q we run to meet r we shout s we hasten t we hurry y we strive z exiles wretched frail poor poor little ones mortal exiled rather sordid most wretched poorest most unhappy weak wandering most unclean most abject distressed weak unhappy useless sordid a sons b children c boys d little sons e little boys f begotten g descended h procreated i little branches k little men l followers m descendants n branches o forsaken p infants q survivors r begotten s of Eve t of Adam c of earth d of soil e of Adam f of death g of sorrow h of error i of sadness k of vanity l of the first-formed m of perdition To you n of displeasure To you o of deviation p of concupiscence q of indignation r of transgression s of wrath t of the vine x of sin y of injustice z of abjection [unclear] a we sigh b groaning c groaning together d lamenting e sighing f sighing together g sighing continually h weeping i lamenting together k wailing l weeping m asking and n entreating o praying p seeking q adoring r seeking earnestly s troubled t disturbed v humbled y desolate z abject [unclear] afflicted a weeping b of tears c thirsting d of weepings e praying f of distresses g [unclear] h of calamities i lamenting k of bitterness m imploring n of infirmities o awaiting p of miseries q lamenting r of corruption s of mortality t deserving u of poverty v of desolation x mourning out y of groans z of disturbance [unclear] urgently demanding [unclear] of deception [unclear] wandering r of impiety struggling [unclear] of vanity [unclear] of sorrow [unclear] of death [unclear] of weeping [unclear] of depravity [unclear] of disturbance [unclear] of darkness e [unclear] a valley b hollow valley c cavern d little cavern e dwelling f habitation g obscurity h density i depth k roughness l density m exile n captivity o capture p shadow q delay r pit s way t land u house x little delay y brevity z path [unclear] cave a Come then b Now c Now d Just now e Always f Continually g Constantly h Continuously i Cheerfully k Unceasingly l Unremittingly m We ask therefore n We seek therefore o We ask p We pray q On this account r Therefore s But t And x Ah y And z We beseech [unclear] We implore a advocate b of the good c of the pious d of the just e of the faithful f of the saints g of the humble h of the wretched i of the frail k of the poor l of all m of the weak n of the needy o of mortals p of the orthodox q of the penitent r of believers s of those deserving t of those groaning v of those mourning x of those weeping y of those weeping z of Christians [unclear] of intermediaries [unclear] of worshippers of Christ e [unclear] a merciful a eyes b dove-like b little eyes c sweetest c nods d beautiful d gazes e beautiful e looks f modest f lookings g bright g gazings h ruddy h sights i bright i eyes k gentle k entreaties l chaste l interventions m pure m embraces to n most excellent n supplications to o placid o embraces p most chaste p inspections q clearest q thoughts r most beautiful r prayers s most beautiful s regard t most kindly t manners u [unclear] v motions x most simple x sights y most modest z speech z most merciful [unclear] senses a us b turn c our b may you turn d faithful c turn e weak d turn f all e may you turn g all f turn h universal g lead back i men h may you lead back k believers i leading back l feeble k incline m suppliants l incline, and n those entreating o bend down, and p pitiable q may you bend down r worshippers of Christ s bend t compunct r may it bend back u wretched s bend back x humble t may you raise up y groaning z extend z may you offer [unclear] mortals [unclear] may you confer a Jesus, a blessed; b Christ, b best; c Lord, c greatest; d Savior, d venerable; e Redeemer, e praiseworthy; f giver of life, f supercelestial; g sanctifier, g most highly blessed; h justifier, h most holy; i mediator, i most noble; k founder, k sweetest; l creator, l glorious; m author, m most pious; n maker, n mildest; o judge, o noble; p God, p heavenly; q ruler, q saving; r shepherd, r health-bringing; s physician, s sweetest; t pitier, t most wholesome; v consoler, v most sacred; x fashioner, x most renowned; y governor, y most excellent; z preserver, z most glorious; 20 enlightener, 20 most merciful.

a fruit; b of the body; c of the body; d of the navel; e of the belly; f of the dwelling; g of the little body; h of the workshop; i of the prison; k of the race; l of the belly; m of your sanctuary; n of your breast; o of the womb; p of the belly; q of blood; r [unclear]; s of the shelter; t of the tabernacle; u of blood; x of nourishment; y of childbirth; z of seed; 2v of birth.

a for us; b for the wretched; c for the poor wretches; d for those praying; e for those entreating; f for those earnestly imploring; g for those earnestly desiring; h for those earnestly imploring; i for those [unclear]; k for those believing; l for those seeking; m for those desiring; n for the weak; o for the devout; p for the just; q for the good; r for the pious; s for the afflicted; t for the desolate; x for the contrite; y for the humble; z for the penitent; 2v for Christians. a exile; b span; c struggle; d sigh; e breathing-place; f [disturbance?]; g prison; h workshop; i exercise; k promenade; l momentary thing; m shelter; n dwelling; o little body; p spectacle; q moment; r dream; s age; t time; u instant; x weariness; y little span; z dead thing.

a show; b gentle; c gentlest; d most chaste; e chaste; f modest; g most modest; h most merciful; i most beautiful; k most splendid; l merciful; m beautiful; n fair; o noble; p most noble; q most excellent; r bright; s brightest; t [unclear]; v most renowned; x fairest; y most powerful; z most mighty; 2v mighty.

a pious; b blessed; c pure; d comely; e gracious; f excellent; g choice; h glorious; i sweetest; k most blessed; l purest; m most exalted Virgin Mary; n illustrious Virgin Mary; o honey-flowing; p fruitful; q deific; r innocent; s most innocent; t venerable; v most virtuous; x unstained; z most glorious; 2v most benign.

a Hail; b hail; c may you be well; d be exalted; e may you rejoice; f rejoice; g rejoice; h be glad; i farewell; k may you be well; l farewell; m hail; n ah!; o live; p may you live; q live; r exult; s applaud; t [unclear]; v may you applaud; x rejoice together; y may you rejoice together; z rejoice; 2v [unclear]. Grandmother, grandmother of Christ, of the Lord, of the author, creator, founder, Savior, Redeemer, fashioner, giver of life, emperor, mediator, Jesus Christ, of salvation, virtue, piety, truth, deity, of the high-thundering, almighty, supreme king, heavenly king.

a mother; b parent; c lady; d patroness; e advocate; f promoter; g consoler; h preserver; i intervener; k helper; l reconciler; m procurer; n refresher; o lover; p lover; r favorer; s guardian; t liberator; v defender; x helper; z assistant. a of the faithful; b of the humble; c of believers; d of the afflicted; e of the desolate; f of exiles; g of the shipwrecked; h of those weeping; i of those crying; k of those groaning; l of those mourning; m of those weeping, Anna; n of the meek, Anna; o of exiles; p of the needy; q of the deserving; r of those grieving; s of the poor; t of the wretched; v of the pitiable; y of Christians; z of worshippers of Christ; 2v of mortals.

a most holy; b light; c support; d exemplar; e protection; f refuge; g refuge; h example; i refuge; k ornament; l mirror; m [solace?]; n asylum; o norm; p form; q lamp; r crown; s [rule?]; t institution; v teaching; x edification; y instructress; z empress; 2v guide.

a of married women; b entreat; c supplicate; d intercede; e intervene; f may you intervene; g may you intercede; h may you implore; i implore; k may you ask; l ask; m of all mothers; n ask of the pious; o pray for nobles; q beseech nursing women; r ask for the continent; s appeal to mortals; t may you appeal to spouses; x pray for mistresses; y pray; 2v demand; 3 [unclear].

a to us; b to the wretched; c to crowds; d to poor wretches; e to peoples; f to the faithful; g to common folk; h to the humble; i to the orthodox; k to nations; l to Christians; m to nations; n to believers; o to priests; p to ecclesiastics; q to princes; r to Catholics; s to emperors; t to Europeans; u to cloistered persons; v to Germans, to; x to monastics; y to Alemanni, to; z to little men; p to Teutonics; q to [unclear]; r to lovers of Christ; s to lovers of the Lord; t to lovers of faith; u to the penitent; v to Teutons; x to all; y to all collectively; z to the contrite; 2v to the compunct.

a God; b of the globe; c of the world; d of the faithful; e of the heavens; f of spirits; g of souls; h of angels; i of the universe; k of archangels; m of Christ-worshippers; q [unclear]; n principality; o of the supercelestial beings; p of men; q of all; r of the humble; s of believers; t orthodox; x of mortals; y author; z 2v of mortals; 3v of mortals.

a willed; b made; c effected; d established; e placed; f appointed; g ordered; h preordained; i confirmed; k foreknew; l predisposed; m disposed; n deputed; o consecrated; p created; q founded; r preferred; s brought forth; t exalted; v took up; y foreknew; z consented; 2v predestined. a powerful; b great; c greatest; d sublime; e glorious; f distinguished; g lofty; h excellent; i preeminent; k surpassing; l eminent; m most renowned in; n most splendid in; o honorable; p honorable; q most powerful; r most glorious; s most excellent; t most surpassing; v most preeminent; x most eminent; y most noble; z most worthy; 2v most adorned.

a in the kingdom; b in the palace; c in joy; d in empire; e in dominion; f in dwelling; g in tabernacle; h in habitation; i in receptacle; k in habitation; l in exultation; m in sanctuary; n in inheritance; o in mansion; p in principality; q in consistory; r in solemnity; s in rejoicing; t [unclear]; v in house; x in gladness; y in hall; z in buildings; 2v in the midst. a of the heavens; b of the blessed; c of the elect; d of the just; e of the heavenly beings; f of the saints; g of angels; h of divinity; i of the things above; k of blessedness; l of pleasantness; m of eternity. Amen. So be it. n of eternity; o of felicity; p of deity; q of piety; r of rest; s of peace; t of light; u heavenly; x of the pious; y of the good; z of enjoyment; 2v of tranquility.

With the help of our Lord Jesus Christ, savior of faithful souls, who lives in sacred trinal unity with the Father and the Holy Spirit, threefold in persons and one God in substance, incomprehensible, almighty, and everlasting, from whom, in whom, and through whom everything good, beautiful, and true proceeds, we have brought this book of Polygraphy to its end. To him be praise, honor, virtue, and glory for this, who through the innocence of his death freed our race from the destruction of eternal perdition, and by perpetual mercy opened again the entrance to eternal life for all who believe in him with a pure conscience. Line by line we have set down three hundred and eight paraphrases, avoiding, by [unclear] counsel, a more extended wandering digression. For at the beginning of this little work it seemed enough to us if we gave those who wished it cause to seek fuller things, since both time and reason failed us for them. Farewell, friendly reader. From Peapoli, on the penultimate day of the month of February, in the year of the Lord 1508.

The Second Book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot, is concluded by its end.

The Third Book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, Abbot of Peapoli, of the Order of Saint Benedict, begins.

What confounded the unity of language from the beginning of human creation? Was it not the division of bodies and the variety of minds? For as Truth declares in the Gospel: from the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. For the tongue is the instrument for bringing outward those conceptions which the mind has thought within itself in its inner parts. Yet of this ministry of the mind's secrets to sense there are many modes, whose properties vary by practice and by art. Practice, introduced at pleasure, is common to many; art, however, to few. Finally, no one will quickly estimate how much the very practice of speaking, unregulated, has varied among the Teutons alone in six hundred years, unless he has often reread Otfrid, monk of Weissenburg, in his poems in the German tongue. The sea flows and flows back; men, once they have died, return no more to the present life. Customs succeed customs; the vigor of mortal minds always falls toward softer things. Who today, among the Germans, the ancient rivals of the Greeks, possesses knowledge of the old idioms? In chronicles and old histories of the Franks, Hunibald, Doracius, and the other writers who preceded us by a thousand years mixed many things, in old [unclear], said in the prose of the Teutonic language, into their compositions, which today are understood by few. Why do I speak of ancient times, when our own idiom among the Eastern Franks, Swabians, Bavarians, Rhinelanders, Mosellans, Cologne people, Saxons, Thuringians, undergoes notable variation every day? They are changed in time

[unclear] men, and customs vary; minds change, and clothing too varies; the simplicity of languages is altered, the ancient propriety of idioms is varied; nothing stable is found among human things. For there is a vicissitude of all things; variety succeeds to the simplicity of minds. Who will be able to bring back this continual flowing-away, so to speak, to the concord of unity? For many times pass, as Scripture says: knowledge will be manifold. But that to the two preceding books of the Polygraphy we add a third has not lacked a special reason. For, since the wills of human beings are varied, varied methods are rightly given for honorable operations. In the former, night illumines the days; in these, however, day is without light. There light leads shadow around in light; here, however, a blind man illumines a blind man, and, being and remaining sight without eyes, ministers to the darkness what he does not have. Here night darkens the day with perpetual mist; walking in darkness, it offers blind guidance without light. These paraphrases serve all people throughout the world; in every language they transmit any secret safely, securely, and without danger to the cabalistic binary. Latinity moves barbarians to laughter; barbarism itself generates suspicion in Latins. Yet it matters nothing, or little, since however great the suspicion may have been, it will nonetheless contain every mystery most secretly. Let the diligent operator call back to mind the rules and precepts which we have handed down, lest he labor uselessly and in vain for himself and for others. For understanding is needed; without it the utility of no art will stand firm. In a few words we have shown the path to the greatest things; for finite things we have given a method toward infinite things. From things given and received, greater things are easily prepared for friends. Reader, remember that the retrograde sign can be fixed in every place, until you attain the desired rest. Farewell. From Peapoli, on the first day of March, in the year of the Lord 1508.

[Pages here are illegible cipher-table material in the source; the page image is the authoritative witness.]

a cadalan b cadesen c cadilin d cadolon e cadulun f cadalas g cadeles h cadilis i cadolos k cadulus l cadalap m cadelep n cadilip o cadolop p cadulup q cadalar r cadeler s cadilir t cadolor v cadulur x cadalax y cadelex z cadilix 20 zv cadolor pasa pasen pasi paso pasu pasan pasen pasin pason pasun pasas pases pasis posos pusus palpas pelpas silpus solpus sulpus sarpas serpas sirpas solasola adam adem adam adum adas ades adis ados adus adan aden adin adon adun adar ader adir ador adur adel adiladol 21 26 27 28 39 30 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ij g a lora b masare c masari d masaro e masaru f masarat g masaret h masarit i masarot k masarut l masaran m masarin n masarin o masaron p masarun q masaras r masares s masaris t masaros v masarus x masaral y masarel z masaril 2v masarol a dama b dame c dami d damo e damu f damal g damel h damil i damol k damul laman m damen n damin o damon p damun q damas r dames s damis t damos u damus v damer z damir 70 71 72 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 73 i 2 a boda a oma a droma 73 b bode b ome b drome 74 c bodi c omi c dromi 75 d bodo d omo d dromo 76 e bodu e omu e dromu 77 f bodal f omas f dromas 78 g bodel g omes g dromes 79 h bodil h omis h dromis 80 i bodol i omos i dromos 81 k bodul k omus k dromus 82 l bodar l oman l droman 83 m boder m omen m dromen 84 n bodir n omin n dromin 85 o bodor o omon o dromon 86 p bodur p omun p dromun 87 q bodan q omar q dromat 88 r boden r omer r dromet 89 s bodin s omir s dromit 90 t bodon t omor t dromot 91 v bodun v omur v dromut 92 x bodes x omal x dromal 93 y bodis y omel z dromil 94 z bodds zv omol zv dromol 95 g iij i 2 3 a dra a vara a mastra 97 b dre b vare b mastre 98 c dri c vari c mastri 99 d dro d varo d mastro 100 e dru e varu e mastru 101 f dran f varan f mastran 102 g dren g varen g mastren 103 h drin h varin h mastrin 104 i dron i varon i mastron 105 k drun k varun k mastrun 106 l dral l varal l mastral 107 m dril m varel m mastril 108 n drol n varil n mastrol 109 o drul o varol o mastrul 110 p dras p varul p mastras 111 q dres q varas q mastres 112 r dros r vares s mastris 113 s dris t varos t mastros 114 v drus v varus v mastrus 115. x dret x varax z mastraff 117 y drit y varex y mastref 118 z drot z varix z mastrif 119 rv drot rv varox rv mastrof 120 1 2 3 a pba a lara a meda 121 b pbe b lare b mede 122 c phi c lari c medi 123 d pho d laro d medo 124 e phu e laru e medu 125 f phan f laran f medar 126 g phen g laren g meder 127 h phin h larin h medir 128 i phon i laron i medor 129 k pbun k larun k medur 130 l phal l laras l medan 131 m phel m lares m meden 132 n phil n laris n medin 133 o phol o laros o medon 134 p phul p larus p medun 135 q phas q larat q medas 136 r phes r laret r medes 137 s phis s larit s medis 138 t phos t larot t medos 139 v phus v larut v medus 140 x phar x laral x medal 141 y pher y larel y medel 142 z phir z laril z medil 142 rv phor rv larol rv medol 144 g iiij a rassa b rasse c rassi d rasso e rassu f rassan g rassen h rassin i rasson k rassun l rassal m rassel n rassil o rassol p rassul q rassat r rasset s rassit t rassot v rassut x rassar y rasser z rassir 2v rassor a madeba b madebe c madebi d madebo e madebu f madebar g madeber h madebir i madebor k madebur l madeball m madebel n madebil o madebol p madebul q madebas r madebes s madebis t madebos v madebus x madebã y madebẽ z madebin 2v madebõ thara b thare c thari d tharo e tharu f tharal g tharel h tharil i tharol k tharul l tharan m tharen n tharin o tharon p tharun q tharas r thares s tharis t tharus u tharos y tharat z tharit 2v tharot 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 a mesa b baie c mesi d meso e mesu f mesal g mesel h mesil i mesol k mesul l mesar m meser n mesir o mesor p mesur q mesan r mesen s mesin t meson v mesun x mesas y meses z mesis 20 mesos a phosa b phose c phosi d phoso e phosu f phosan g phosen h phosin i phoson k phosun l phosar m phoser n phosir o phosor p phosur q phosal r phosel s phosil t phosol v phosul x phosat y phoset z phosit 21 phosot 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177. 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192

[unclear]

a lemora b lemore c lemori d lemoro e lemoru f lemoras g lemores h lemoris i lemoros k lemorus l lemox m lemox n lemox o lemox p lemox q lemox r lemox s lemox t lemox v lemox x lemox y lemox z lemox 2v lemox 3v aras bares caris aros arus arosa arose arosi aroso arosu arosel arosil arosol arosul arosar aroser arosir arosor arosur arosat aroset arosit arosot cabar caber cabir cabo e cabur cabad cabed cabid cabod cabud cabal cabel cabil cabol cabul cabas cabes cabis cabos cabus caba cabe cabi cabo 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 a nesa bama a helia 241 b nese bame b helie 242 c nesi c hami c helij 243 d neso d hamo d helio 244 e nesu e hamu e heliu 245 f nesar f hamal f heliat 246 g neser g hamel g heliet 247 h nesir h hamil h helijt 248. i nesor i hamol i heliot 249 k nesur k hamul k heliut 250 l nesal l hamas l helias 251 m nesel m hames m helies 252 n nesil n hamis n helijs 253. o nesol o hamos o helios 254 p nesul p hamus p helius 255 q nesan q hamar q helial 256 r nesen r hamir s heliel 257 s nesin t hamor t heliol 258 v nesun v hamur v heliul 260 x nesay x hamat x helian 261 y nesey y hamet z helien 262 z nesoy z hamit z helijn 263 ꝟv nesuy ꝟv hamot ꝟv helion 264 1 2 3 a rhama a fesia a dora 265 b rhame b fesie b dore 266 c rhami c fesij c dori 267 d rhamo d fesio d doro 268 e rhamu e fesiu e dorn 269 f rhaman f fesial f doral 270 g rhamen g fesiel g dorel 271 h rhamin h fesijl h doril 272 i rhamon i fesiol i dorol 273 k rhamun k fesiul k dorul 274 l rhamal l fesian l doras 275 m rhamel m fesien m dores 276 n rhamil n fesijn n doris 277 o rhamol o fesion o doros 278 p rhamul p fesiun p dorus 279 q rhamas q fesiar q doran 280 r rhames r fesier r doren 281 s rhamis s fesjr s dorin 282 t rhamos t fesior t dorun 283 v rhamus v fesiur v dorax 284 x rhamat x fesias z dorix 285 y rhamet y fesies z dorox 286 z rhamit z fesijs z dorox 287 rv rhamot rv fesios h 288 a huba b hube c hubi d hubo e hubu f hubal g hubel h hubil i hubol k hubul l hubas m hubes n hubis o hubos p hubus q hubar r huber s hubor t hubur v huban x huben z hubin 20 hubon a rodan b roden c rodin d rodon e rodun f roda g rode h rodi i rodo krodu l rodas m rodes n rodis o rodos p rodus q rodax r rodex s rodix t rodux u rodux v rodux w roduc x rodal y rodel z rodil 2v rodol a medra b medre c medri d medro e medru f medrax g medrex h medrix i medrox k medrux l medral m medrel n medril o medrol p medrul q medras r medres s medris t medros u medrus x medran y medren z medrin 312 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 a ophiran b ophireu c ophirin d ophiron e ophiren f ophira g ophire h ophiri i ophiro k ophiru l ophiras m ophires n ophiros o ophirus p ophiral q ophirl r ophirel s ophiril t ophirol v ophirul x ophirax y ophirex z ophirix 2v ophirox 3 darach b darech c darich d daroch e derach f derach g derech h derich i deroch j dirach k diruch l diroch m direch n durech o dorach p durach q duroch r duzech s duroch t duroch u duroch v duroch w duroch x duroch y duroch z duroch 2v duroch 3 van a b vane c vani d vano e vanu f vanal g vanel h vanil i vanol k vanul l vanay m vaniy n vanoy o vanuy p vanar q vaner r vanir s vanor t vanur v vanas y vanes z vanis 2v vanos 3 ij a comar b hasacha c allac 337 b comer b hasache b allec 338 c comir c hasachi c allic 339 d comor d hasacho d alloc 340 e comur e hasachu e alluc 341 f coman f hasachar f allat 342 g comen g hasacher g allet 343 h comin h hasachir h allit 344 i comon i hasachor i allot 345 k comun k hasachur k allut 346 l comal l hasachel m alla 347 m comel n hasachil n alli 348 n comil o hasachol o allo 350 o comol p hasachul p allu 352 p comul q hasachan q allax 353 q comas r hasachen r allex 354 r comes s hasachin s allix 355 s comis t hasachun t alloy 356 t comos v hasachuy v allen 358 v comus x hasachay x allan 359 x comax z hasachoy z allin 360 y comex zv hasachu y zv allon 361 a pana b pane c pani d pano e panu f panas g panes h panis i panos k panus l panar m paner n panir o panor p panur q panax r panex s panix t panox v panel x panal z panil 2v panol a meda b mede c medi d medo e medu f medar g meder h medir i medor k medur l medas m medis n medos o medus p medal q medan r medel s medil t medul v meden y median z medin 2v medon a iobas b iobes c iobis d iobos e iobus f ioba g iobe h iobi i iobo k iobu l iobar m iober n iobir o iobor p iobur q ioban r ioben s iobin t iobon v iobun x iobat y iobet z iobot 2v iobot h 3 I 2 I 3 a rama a pada a gera 389 b rame b pade b gere 386 c rami c padi c geri 387 d ramo d pado d gero 388 e ramu e padu e geru 389 f ramal f padal f geral 390 g ramel g padel g gerel 391 h ramil h padil h geril 392 i ramol i padol i gerol 393 k ramul k padul k gerul 394 l ramas l padas l geras 395 m rames m pades m geres 396 n ramis n padis n geris 397 o ramos o pados o geros 398 p ramus p padus p gerus 399 q ramax q padan q gerar 400 r ramex r paden r gerer 401 s ramix s padin t geror 402 t ramox t padon v gerur 404 v ramux v padar x gerai 405 x ramai y pader z gerei 406 y ramij zadir z gerij 407 z rv ramoi rv pador rv geroi 408 a moda b mode c modi d modo e modu f modal g model h modil i modol k modul l modes m modis n modos o modus p modan q moden r modun s modax t modex x modix z modox 2v modox a ascha b asche c aschi d ascho e aschu f aschar g ascher h aschir i aschor k aschur l aschal m aschel n aschil o aschol p aschul q aschra r aschre s aschri t aschro v aschru x aschran y aschren z aschrin 2v aschron a vasma b vasme c vasmi d vasmo e vasmu f vasmai g vasmei h vasmij i vasmoi k vasmui l vasmar m vasmer n vasmir o vasmor p vasmur q vasmal r vasmel s vasmil t vasmul x vasman y vasmen z vasmin 2v vasmon h 4 a dolan b dolen c dolin d dolon e dolun f dolar g dolor h dolir i dolor k dolur l dolat m dolit n dolot o dolux p dolut q dolax r dolex s dolix t dolox v dolux x dolaf y dolef z dolif 2v dolof a merapa b merape c merapi d merapo e merapu f merapan g merapen h merapin i merapon j merapun k merapas l merapes m merapis n merapos o merapus p merapat q merapit r merapot s meraput t merapor u meraper v merapir w merapor x meraport y merapoz z merapor 2v merapor fanera 433 fanere 434 faneri 439 fanero 436 faneru 437 faneral 438 fanerel 439 faneril 440 fanerol 441 fanerul 442 faneras 443 faneres 444 fanerus 445 faneros 446 faneren 447 fanerin 448 faneron 449 fanerun 450 fanerat 451 faneret 452 fanerit 453 fanerot 454 a adra b pesa c mezana 457 b adre b pese c mezane 458. c adri c pesi d mezani 459. d adro d peso e mezano 460. e adru e pesu f mezanu 461. f adral f pesan g mezanas 462. g adrel g pesen h mezanes 463. h adril h pesin i mezanos 464. i adrol i peson k mezanus 465. k [adrul?] l pesal m mezanut 466. l adran n pesil o mezanet 467. m adrin p pesul q mezanol 468. n adron r pesar s mezanut 470. o adras t pesir u mezanan 471. p adrun v pesur x mezanon 472. q adres z pesas y mezaner 473. r adros zv pesos zv mezano 474. s adres zv pesos 475 t adres zv pesos. 476 u adres zv pesos. 477 x adres zv pesos, 478 y adres zv pesos, 479 z adres zv pesos: 480 a gomar b gomer c gomir d gomor e gomur f goman g gomen h gomin i gomon k gomun l gomal m gomel n gomil o gomol p gomul q gomas r gomes s gomis t gomos v gomus x gomay z gomoy 2v gomuy a tharsa b tharse c tharsi d tharso e tharsu f tharsal g tharsel h tharsil i tharsol k tharsul l tharsat m tharsit n tharsot o tharsut p tharsan q tharsen r tharsin s tharson t tharsun v tharsay x tharsoy z tharsoy 2v tharsuy a fodral b fodrel c fodril d fodrol e fodrul f fodra g fodre h fodri i fodro k fodru l fodras m fodres n fodris o fodros p fodrus q fodran r fodren s fodrin t fodron v fodrun y fodray z fodroy 2v fodruy 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 798 499 500 501 502 503 504 1 2 3 a meroham a cama a sebara 505 b merohem b came b sebare 506 c merohim c cami c sebari 507 d merohom d camo d sebaro 508 e merohum e camu e sebaru 509 f meroha f camel f sebras 510 g merohe g camel g sebares 511 h merohi h camil h sebaris 512 i meroho i camol i sebaros 513 k merohu k camul k sebarus 514 l merohal l camas l sebaran 515 m merohel m comes m sebaren 516 n merohil n camis n sebarin 517 o merohol o camos o sebaron 518 p merohul p camus p sebarun 519 q merobas q camar q sebaral 520 r merobes r camer r sebarel 521 s merohis s camir s sebaril 522 t merohos t camor t sebarol 523 v merobus v camur v sebarul 524 x merohat x caman x sebarat 525 y merohet y camen z sebaret 526 z merohit z camin z sebarit 527 2v merohot 2v camon 2v sebarot 528 a phal b phel c phil d phol e phul f phat g phet h phit i phot k phut l phas m phes n phis o phos p phus q phar r pher s phir t phor v phur x phay y phoy z phuy a nomysa b nomyse c nomysi d nomyso e nomysu f nomysar g nomyser h nomysir i nomysor k nomysur l nomysal m nomysel n nomysil o nomysol p nomysul q nomysas r nomyses s nomysis t nomysos u nomysus v nomysan x nomysin y nomysen z nomysin 2 zabar 529 3 zaber 530 4 zabir 531 5 zabor 532 6 zabur 533 7 zabal 534 8 zabel 535 9 zabil 536 10 zabol 537 11 zabul 538 12 zabas 539 13 zabes 540 14 zabis 541 15 zabos 542 16 zabus 543 17 zaban 544 18 zaben 545 19 zabin 546 20 zabon 547 21 zabun 548 22 zabat 549 23 zabet 550 24 zabit 551 25 zabot 552 1 2 3 a nemas a hosan a flagara 553 b nemes b hosen b flagare 554 c nemis c hosin c flagari 555 d nemos d hoson d flagaro 556 e nemus e hosun e flagaru 557 f nemat f hosar f flagaran 558 g nemet g hoser g flagaren 559 h nemit h hosir h flagarin 560 i nemot i hosor i flagaron 561 k nemut k hosur k flagarun 562 l nemal l hosal l flagaras 563 m nemel m hosel m flagares 564 n nemil n hosil n flagaris 565 o nemol o hosol o flagaros 566 p nemul p hosul p flagarus 567 q nemar q hosay q flagarel 568 r nemir r hosiy s flagaril 570 t nemor t hosoy t flagarol 571 v nemur v hoses x flagarat 573 x nema y hosis z flagarit 575 z nemi z hosis z flagarot 576 2v nemo 2v hosos i 1 bedar 2 nysan 3 ramas 577 b beder b nysen b rames 578 c bedir c nysin c ramis 579 d bedor d nyson d ramos 580 e bedur e nysun e ramus 581 f bedan f nysar f ramal 582 g beden g nyser g ramel 583 h bedin h nysir h ramil 584 i bedon i nysor i ramol 585 k bedun k nysur k ramul 586 l bedal l nysas l raman 587 m bedel m nyses m ramin 588 n bedil n nysis n ramon 590 o bedol o nysos p nysus q nysal q ramat 592 r bedes r nysel s nysil t nysol v nysul x nysat y nyset z nysit 2v ny sot 2v ramuy 600 2 3 a astrofal a guara a lodan 601 b astrofel b guare b loden 602 c astrofil c guari c lodin 603 d astrofol d guaro d lodon 604 e astroful e guaru e lodun 605 f astrofan f guaras f lodana 606 g astrofen g guares g lodane 607 h astrofin h guaris h lodani 608 i astrofon i guaros i lodano 609 k astrofun k guarus k lodanu 610 l astrofas l guaral l lodar 611 m astrofes m guaril n lodir 612 n astrofis n gurol o lodor 614 o astrofos p guarul p lodur 615 p astrofax q guaran q lodes 616 q astrofix r guarin s lodis 618 s astrofox t guaron t lodos 619 t astrofux v guarat v lodus 620 v astrofar x guaret y lodex 621 x astrofir z guarit z lodix 623 z astrofur z guarot z lodox 624 ij a hamar b charsel c charsil d charsol e charsul f charsa g charse h charsi i charso k charsu l charsan m charsen n charsin o charson p charsun q charsat r charset s charsit t charsot v charsut x charsay y charsey z charsoy 2v charsuy a planas b planes c planis d planos e planus f planat g planet h planit i planot k planut l planar m planer n planir o planor p planur q planan r planen s planin t planon v planun x planay y planey z planoy 2v planuy 629 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 a merafa b merafe c merafi d merafo e merafu f merases g merafis h merafos i merafal k meraful l merafel m merafil n merafol o meraful p merafat q merafit r merafot s merafur t merafar x merafer y merafir z merafor 2v harmoy 2v pharor a harmal b harmel c harmil d harmol e harmul f harman g harmoni h harmin i harmon j harmus k harmun l harmat m harmet n harmit o harmot p harmut q harmas r harms s harmis t harmos u harmus v harmay x harmey y harmoy z harmy ij iiij 1 2 3 a merapas a holam a derman 673 b merapes b holem b dermen 674 c merapis c holim c dermin 675 d merapos d holom d dermon 676 e merapus e holum e dermun 677 f merapan f holas f dermas 678 g merapen g holes g dermes 679 h merapin h holis h dermis 680 i merapon i holos i dermos 681 k merapun k holus k dermus 682 l merapat l hola l dermal 683 m merapot m hole n dermel 684 n merapit n holi o dermol 685 o merapol p holo q dermul 686 p merapel r holat r derma 687 s merapol s holit t dermi 688 t merapol t holot v dermo 689 v merapul v holut x dermat 690 x merapax x holay y dermet 691 y merapix z holoy z dermit 692 z merapox z holuy z dermot 693 23 a solama a afar a mesan 697 b solame b afer b mesen 698 c solami c afir c mesin 699 d solamo d afor d meson 700 e solamu e afur e mesun 701 f solamar f afara f mesal 702 g solamer g afare g mesel 703 h solamir h afari h mesul 704 i solamor i afaro i mesol 705 k solamur k afaru k mesul 706 l solamas l afaral l mesar 707 m solames m afarel m meser 708 n solamis n afaril n mesir 709 o solamos o afarol o mesor 710 p solamus p afarul p mesur 711 q solaman q afaras q mesas 712 r solamen r afares r meses 713 s solamin s afaris s mesis 714 t solamon t afaros t mesos 715 v solamat v afarus v mesus 716 x solamat x afarat x mesay 717 y solamet y afaret y mesey 718 z solamit z afarit z mesoy 719 [unclear] solamot [unclear] afarot [unclear] mesuy 720 i iiij a omena b omene c omeni d omeno e omenu f omenas g omenes h omenis i omenos k omenus l omenar m omener n omenir o omenor p omenur q omenat r omenet s omenit t omenot v omenut x omenal y omenel z omenil 2v omenol a perodas b perodes c peridis d perodos e perodus f peroda g perode h perodi i perodo j perodu k perodan l peroden m perodon n perodin o perodal p perodel q perodix r bare s baro t baru u barax v barex w barix x barox 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 a charas b chares c charis d charos e charus f charal g charel h charil i charol k charul l charat m charet n charit o charot p charut q chara r chare s chari t charo v charu x charan y charen z charin 2v charon a mosal b mosel c mosil d mosol e mosul f mosa g mose h mosi i moso k mosu l mosar m moser n mosir o mosor p mosur q mosan r mosen s mosin t moson v mosun x mosas y moses z mosis 2v mosos a nedria b nedrie c nedrij d nedrio e nedriu f nedrias g nedries h nedrijs i nedrios k nedrius l nedrian m nedrien n nedrijn o nedrion p nedriun q nedrial r nedriel s nedrijl t nedriol v nedrax x nedrex z nedrix 2v nedrox 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 1 2 3 a meda a cadas a lorasan 769 b mede b cades b lorasen 770 c medi c cadis c lorasin 771 d medo d cados d lorason 772 e medu e cadus e lorasun 773 f medas f cada f lorasas 774 g medes g cade g lorases 775 h medis h cadi h lorasis 776 i medos i cado i lorasos 777 k medus k cadu k lorasus 778 l medar l cadan l lorasat 779 m meder m caden m loraset 780 n medir n cadin n lorasit 781 o medor o cadon o lorasot 782 p medur p cadun p lorasut 783 q medal q cadar q lorasa 784 r medel r cader r lorase 785 s medil s cadir s lorasi 786 t medol t cador t loraso 787 v medul v cadur v lorasu 788 x medan x cadal x lorasal 789 y meden y cadel y lorasel 790 z medin z cadil z lorasil 791 ꝛv medon ꝛv cadol 792 a halmoda a elamas a dra 793 b halmode b elames b dre 794 c halmodi c elamis c dri 795 d halmodo d elamos d dro 796 e halmodu e elamus e dru 797 f halmodal f elama f dran 798 g halmodel g elame g dren 799 h halmodil h elami h drin 800 i halmodol i elamo i dron 801 k halmodul k elamu k drun 802 l halmodan l elamar l dras 803 m halmoden m elamer n dris 804 n halmodin n elamor o dros 805 o halmodon p elamur p drus 806 q halmodar q elamat q dray 807 r halmoder r elamet s dry 808 s halmodir t elamot t droy 809 t halmodor v elanut v druy 810 u halmodur x elaman x drat 811 y halmodes y elamin z drit 812 z halmodis z elamon z drot 813 a mera b mere c meri d mero e meru f meras g meres h meris i meros k merus l meral m meril n merol o merul p meran q meren r merin s meron t merun v merai x merij z meroi 2v meroi a doras b dores c doris d doros e dorus f dora g dore h dori i doro k doru l doran m doren n dorin o doron p dorun q doral r dorel s doril t dorol u dorul x dorax y dorex z dorix 2v dorox a adrama b adrame c adrami d adramo e adramu f adramas g adrames h adramis i ad Ramos k adramus l adramal m adramel n adramil o adramol p adramul q adraman r adramen s adramin t adramon u adramun x adramat y adramet z adramit 2v adramot K 1 2 3 a dobar a eloham a holam 865 b dober b elohem b holem 866 c dobir c elohim c holim 867 d dobor d elohom d holom 868 e dubur e elohum e holum 869 f doba l f elohas f hola 870 g dobel g elohes g hole 871 h dobil h elohis h holi 872 i dobol i elobos i holo 873 k dobul k elobus k holu 874 l doban l elobat l holas 875 m dobin m elohet m holes 876 n dobon n elohit n holis 877 o dobun o elohot o holos 878 p dobas p elohut p holus 879 q dobes q elohar q holan 880. r dobos r eloher s holin 881 s dobel t elohor t holon 882 t dobel x elohur v holun 883 v dobele y elohaf x holai 884 y dobelij z elohif z holij 885 z dobeloi zv elohof zv holoj 886 a atropas a megalas a lusanas 889 b atropes b megales b lusanes 890 c atropis c megalis c lusanis 891 d atropos d megalos d lusanos 892 e atropus e megalus e lusanus 893 f atropa f megala f lusana 894 g atrope g megale g lusane 895 h atropi h megali h lusani 896 i atropo i megalo i lusano 897 k atropu k megalu k lusanu 898 l atropai l megalan l lusanar 899 m atropei m megalen m lusaner 900 n atropij n megalin n lusanir 901 o atropoi o megalon o lusanoꝛ 902 p atropui p megalun p lusanur 903 q atropan q megalat r lusanel 904 r atropen r megalit s lusanil 905 s atropin s megalot t lusanol 906 t atropun v megalut v lusanul 908 v atropax x megalar x lusanat 909 x atropex y megaler y lusanet 910 y atropix z megalir z lusanit 911 z atropox zv megalor zv lusanot 912 k ij a helmat b helmet c helmit d helmot e helmut f helman g helmen h helmin i helmon k helmun l helmas m helmes n helmis o helmos p helmus q helmar r helmir s helmur t helmor v helmax x helmix z helmox 2v thosaxo 2b thosare 3a thosara 4b thosari 5d thosaro 6e thosaru 7f thosaras 8g thosares 9h thosaris 10i thosaros 11k thosarus 12l thosaran 13m thosarin 14n thosaron 15o thosarat 16p thosarun 17q thosaret 18r thosarit 19s thosarot 20t thosarut 21u thosaral 22x thosarel 23y thosaril 24z thosarol 25bemaz 26bemes 27bemis 28bemos 29bemus 30bema 31beme 32bemi 33bemo 34bemu 35bemel 36bemil 37bemol 38bemul 39bemat 40bemet 41bemir 42bemer 43bemit 44bemut 45bemor 1 2 3 a dromat a horam a alapas 937 b dromet b horem b alapes 938 c dromit c horim c alapis 939 d dromot d horom d alapos 940 e dromut e horum e alapus 941 f dromas f horas f alapat 942 g dromes g hores g alapet 943 h dromis h horis h alapit 944 i dromos i horos i alapot 945 k dromus k horus k alaput 946 l droman l horal l alapan 947 m dromen m horil n alapen 948 n dromin n horol o alapon 950 o dromon p horul p alapun 951 q dromal q horar q alapay 952 r dromel r horer r alapey 953 s dromils s horir s alapiy 954 t dromolt t horor t alapoy 955 v dromul v horur v alapar 956 x dromay x horat z alapir 957 z dromoy z horit z alapor 958 rv dromuy rv horot 959 k iij a damas b dames c damis damos e damus famar g damer h amir i amor k amur l amal m amel n amil o amol p amul q aman r amen s amin t amon v amun x amax y amix z amox 2v amox a genedal b genedel c genedil d genedol e genedul f geneda g genede h genedi i genedo j genedar k genedu l geneder m genedir n genedor o genedur p genedas q genedes r genedis s genedos t genedus u genedat x genedit y genedot z amena b amene c ameni d ameno e amenu f amenas g amenes h amenis i amenos k amenus l amenal m amenel n amenil o amenol p amenul q amenar r amener s amenir t amenor u amenur x amenay y amenoy z ameny 2v amenuy a baschay a nas a caman 985 b baschey b nes b camen 986 c baschiy c nis c camin 987 d baschoy d nos d camon 988 e baschuy e nus e camun 989 f baschar f nax f camas 990 g bascher g nex g comes 991 h baschir h nix h camis 992 i baschor i nox i camos 993 k baschur k nux k camus 994 l baschal l nal l camel 995 m baschel m nel m camil 996 n baschil n nil o camol 997 o baschol p nul p camul 998 q baschata q nan q camar 1000 r baschat r nen s camir 1001 s baschati s nin t camor 1002 t baschato t nun v camur 1004 v baschas x nay y camet 1005 x basches y ney z camit 1007 z baschis z moy z camot 1008 zv baschos zv muy k iiij.

1 maracha 2 cobar 3 fasan 1009 b marache b cober b fasen 1010 c marachi c cobir c fasin 1011 d maracho d cobor d fason 1012 e marachu e cobur e fasun 1013 f marachat f coban f fasal 1014 g marchet g coben g fasel 1015 h marachit h cobin h fasil 1016 i marachot i cobon i fasol 1017 k marachut k cobun k fasul 1018 l marachel l cobal l fasar 1019 m marachil m cobil n fasir 1020 n marachol o cobol o fasor 1022 p marachul p cobul p fasur 1023 q marachas q cobas q fasat 1024 r maraches r cobes s fasit 1025 s marachis t cobos t fasot 1026 t marachos v cobus v fasut 1028 x marachai x cobai x fasai 1029 y marachei y cobij z fasij 1031 z marachij z cobor z fasoi 1032 1 2 3 a pasa a gomar a vadan 1035 b pase b gomer b vaden 1034 c pasi c gomir c vadin 1035 d paso d gomor d vadon 1036 e pasu e gomur e vadun 1037 f pasan f gomasa f vadar 1038 g pasen g gomase g vader 1039 h pasin h gomasi h vadir 1040 i pason i gomaso i vador 1041 k pasun k gomasu k vadur 1042 l pasal l gomal l vadas 1043 m pasel m gomel m vades 1044 n pasil n gomil n vadis 1045 o pasol o gomol o vados 1046 p pasul p gomul p vadus 1047 q pasar q gomat q vadai 1048 r paser r gomet r vadei 1049 s pasir s gomit s vadij 1050 t pasor t gomot t vadoi 1051 v pasur v gomut v vadui 1052 x pasai x gomai x vadal 1053 y pasei y gomei y vadel 1054 z pasij z gomij z vadil 1055 rv pasoi rv gomor rv vadol 1056 What we promised at the beginning of the third book of our work Polygraphia, for obtaining the shadow and likeness of a new gloss before the inexperienced, we have sufficiently fulfilled by way of example in a compendium of labor. We have entrusted night, safely serving secrets, to be led through the shadows of periphrases; we have inserted numbers in the order of four lines down to the end, adapted for the use of those who wish. The places are degrees of minutiae, having fixed 3,150, although moments of hours remain, if you wish, infinite, for making secret in every nation and language of the world whatever secret matter may occur. The circle, arising linearly from a point, as often as night exceeds the image of light, by as much as you wish: if there is need, you will be able to bring the work back to the path by which you came. If there is much left over of night, bring back the dragon's tail to the original tail-place, into the head. But the pair must by all means be certified from the known signs of unity. He who hungers much should labor much, so that he may have something to eat. Nor is it a matter of great labor to lead wherever you wish that which advances of its own accord. Here, therefore, we set an end to the third book of our Polygraphia, in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Gentle reader, farewell. From Peapoli, on the seventh day of the month of March, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ our Savior 1508, in the eleventh Indiction.

Here is the end of the third book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Peapoli, of the Order of Saint Benedict.

Iobav Y ismor V islaq V ibav ? jmmor E iliaq A Iobav vs somor V toseq V

The fourth book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of the monastery of Saint James the Greater, Apostle, at Würzburg, formerly of Sponheim, of the order of Saint Benedict, begins.

The order of reason demanded that the fourth book of our Polygraphy be made unlike the preceding ones in character, invention, and ease, so that those wishing to share in the secrets of our matters may attain this not in one way, but by various and different ways. We have extended [the practice?], comprehensible by a very easy invention, so that the word, through the minutia always joined to the monad, may be recognized in the light in any order [unclear]. No distinction is found here between unity and the binary; nor will one who wishes to work need to have the instrument of the art at hand, since what follows the first without an intermediary reveals the hidden mystery. Hence the prudent, intelligent person, experienced in the science, will satisfy the operation at every time and place. The binary received from unity, whence it produces the ternary. The first recognition of this cryptology is easy at first sight, after the moon has been illuminated by the sun even with a single point. [Unclear] and it can come about that the diligent knower may succeed without the guidance of a teacher. Yet I think this is to be understood only in this book, and in none of the preceding ones. Concerning the following ones, judgment will be given in its proper place. Among all the cabalistic methods of secrets that we have given up to the present, the easier progression of this fourth book can be extended to infinity. Therefore it is enough that I have handed down to those desiring fuller things both the form and the reason of an example. This light of understanding easily penetrates all things. I wrote at Peapolis, on the ninth day of March, in the year of the Lord 1508.

a Baldach b Abrach c Ecorach d Adonach e Merach f Afalach g Agalach h Charach i Misach k Akarach l Elamach m Amolach n Anesach o Morach p Eparach q Aqualach r Cromach s Asarach t stomalach v Cusafach x Axiomach y Lynafach z Azarach 2v Ervenalach 2v sꝛvadamar 2v orvanifar a hanasar b abasar c acamar d adamar e mesar f afasar g agasar h thamar i nibasar k akasar l elasar m omasar n anefar o bonefar p spenafar q aquasafar r arofafar s isachar t stenafar u busafar x exulafar y mynafar z azafar 2z orvanifar 2z cathai abrai achai adamai lemai afrai aglai cholai disari ekami elami emai gnosai comani spadai aquarsai dramoi athamar dubari ixioman pyroman eziamer a malach b oban c abran d calach e icaban f odilan g adobarach h sebalan i melan o melech p afelan q afran r chamelech s agelan t ogeran u nisan v tharan w akamech x lisaran y elamech z akabzan m olafan n omilan o roman p apri man q equilan r orm an s osterman t stulman v durman axime r dy lidelle ezelfus z ervalti l 2v orvamelech 2v ervalman 1 a manas b abdelas c ocadas d adalas e semelas f ofelias g agaras h choras i rimasas k akarias l cleopas m amasias n anobias o sodias p epynosas q aquisas r arabias s asyphas t atharas v quolas x aximas y syrihas z azarias 2v tuuilas a baron b abaron c ocaron d adelon e meron f ofilon g agion h ch Orion i libion k akyon l elybon m amaron n enorion o morison p aporion q aquilon r armaon s osarion t atharon v cuburon x axion y tymeon z azaron 2v ervariel a sadiel b abdiel c scoriel d adriel e sebiel f ofiel g agiel h thoniel i misiel k akriel l almiel m amiel n oniel o soiel p apiel q aquiel r ariel s osiel t othiel v suriel x axiel y aymiel z azariel 2v ervariel a nasor b abnasor c acanasor d adamor e pesanor f afasor g agenor h chabor i sichor k ekamor l almasor m amaphor n nohabor o palifor p aquapor q oraphor r ethymor s pusanor t axisor v nycanor z izachior 20 duuesor a paranas b abranatas c scharabas d adramas e demonas f ofilamas g agilimas h thombas i lidomas k akrofilas l pliadas m amadias n antipas o ponadas p spartanhas q aquillas r triphas s asanapas t athanas u busaphas x aximaas y tymolas z azarias 2v iuuaras a nabat b abarat c scarafat d adrapat e nesarat f afilat g ogesarat h charisat i libafat k okobizat l almonat m imefat n anorat o donesat p apraxat q equarat r bronisat s afarat t etomat u bufarat x axifolat y tyrazat z azifarat 2v vuebrat ij a iaymalo b abraylo c ochafilo d adymado e vemalo f afemalo g agemalo h chrysalo i vimalo k ekraso l alefalo m amefalo n anybalo o poymalo p spinasalo q aqualo r dramalo s asymalo t atymalo u axifalo y pyrifalo z ozycalo [unclear] ruuelo a cadon b ibathon c echaton d adelon e merison f ifrason g agedion h christion i siradon k ekaton l pladion m amedon n anydion o coridon p epadion q aquilon r tropon s asydion t ethion v durion x axion y tymon z ozamion [unclear] buuelon a samelech b ebramelech c achalech d adelmech e nemelech f afemelech g ageselech h thomelech i diralech k akafelech l alanech m amalech n onamelech o somelech p apomelech q aquifelech r tramelech s asomelech t stomelech v tumelech x axomelech y pymelech z ozyfelech [unclear] iuuemelech a hasar b abhasar c achasar d adomar e behasar f ofehasar g aganiar h thomasar i dipasar k okriasar l eleasar m amasar n anthosar o comasar p spanosar q aquosar r arnosar s asamar t athabar v luphasar x axiomar y tymasar z azomar 20 huuosar a mathan b obedan c acharan d adoran e medoran f afiofan g agian h choran i pidaran k akastan l alman m amoran n gnocian o comesan p sphanhan q equilan r arosan s osaran t stayran u musan x exusian y synaran z ozialan 20 buuelan a saday b abray c achay d adonay e penay f effray g aglay h chrisay i filofoy k akoy l almay m omelay n antifoy o dolay p apenoy q aquoy r droy s asamay t athenoy v cusay x axosay y symay z ozimay 20 duuelay 53 a malochym a basan a hamal b abelochym b abasan b abamal c scomachym c ocosan c achitofal d adonachym d adosan d adramal e melochym e mesan e penefal f effrahym f ofaran f afaral g agelochym g aglan g agynial h thomachym h chosan h thorafal i milochoym i piran i siraphal k okriachym k akran k okramal l alexochym l elisan l alaphal m amelochym m aman m amosal n enochym n anan n enophal o molochym o posan o mosal p spanachym p opian p epaphal q equilachym q aquian q aquial r dromechym r orian r bronefal s osiachym s osian s asapha t stolachym t athian t etiphal v cusachym v axian x aximal y syrachym y lysian y gyrophal z azachym z ozian z azahal [unclear] ervalachym [unclear] iuuasan [unclear] buuasal

a dabri b abori c achori d odari e medri f afri g agri h chori i piri k akri l elori m ambri n anatri o moari p apenori q aquari r trosari s aschari t athari v subari x oxiry y nysari z azari 20 duuori a camelon b abelion c achryphon d adylon e merapon f ofilason g agelon h churion i pimelon k okalon l alophion m emedion n anabion o nobilon p aporion q aqualon r triphilon s asephilon t atrifon v cubion x axion y tyrion z azyrion 21 buuelion a vamear b abamar c acamear d adamar e lehamar f ofamear g agemar h chomar i pisamar k okamar l alamar m omahar n anemar o posamar p aporesar q aquabar r oremar s asamar t ithamar v busamar x axiomar y synamar z azamar 22 buuesar 53 a damas a harabot a camaran b abaras b abarot b abadian c scheras c achiot c scholian d adamas d adamot d odissean e beormas e lefarot e merisan f afumas f afanot f aforisan g egeas g agihot g agesan h thomas h chabot h chorefan i lisiamas i mirabot i pinosan k akamas k akarot k okaran l plansias l elymot m amalon m amasias n anatot n anasan n onysias o morot o ioran o mohabas p oparsot p spinsan p spanias q aquirot q aquiran q aquinas r aramot r arosofan r artabas s ofyarot s asiaran s asamas t athamot t otherian t athalas v cusabot v dubaran v rupalas x exilarot x oxirian x aximas y hyracot y pysoran y tyronas z azarot z azarian z azarias [unclear]uuelas [unclear] uuarot [unclear]huuorian a nasalo a madas a cabor b abalo b abanas b abanor c achalo c ocadas c achabor d odalo d adonidas d odabor e pesalo e melodas e mesanor f afialo f ofanas f ofamor g agelo g agedas g agenor h charelo h choridas h chabor i sigalo i misanas i sicanor k akastulo k akriphas k ekastor l aluerno l almodas l alamor m amelio m amalas m omanor n anacalo n anabilas n anator o cornelo o norophas o panyor p spareolo p spanolas p epanor q aquilo q equalias q equador r armalo r arnobias r tronabor s aseualo s asonydas s astropor t statulo t atriphas t stanesor v cusaleo v curidas v musifor x axiolo x axyanas x axiphor y tymolo y syradas y pysanor z azulo z azaridas z oziamor [unclear]cuualio [unclear] cuuelas [unclear] cuualor

a saregon b abaragon c schoragon d oderafon e lemarson f afaregon g agiargon h charegon i misargon k akyarson l elaregon m amelagon n anergon o comoron p aparchon q aquilon r trosechon s esaregon t atagion v curegion x axymachon y synarchon z azanofon w iuuarchon a panadox b abarax c scanadox d adrimax e venelix f affrodix g agiolox h thorax i pimanax k akarex l alanax m amelox n antrax o coparax p apanadox q aquilax r tranpax s asanex t othifax v cumerax x axiomax y vymax z azarax w ruuax a hasolam b abalam c schoram d adulam e heralam f afodilam g agesilam h chroalam i hisolam k akolam l olaham m omilam n analam o conesam p aporisam q equilam r fradolam s osauiam t stirulam v hubalam x axifulam y fyculam z azulam w auulam a machras b almutes c obethsames d schorades e adonydes f afroides g agathes h chareses i liburtes k akonites l aleothes m amenides n enomades o ioannes p spanodes q equinodes r drapetes s osiagetes t athenopes v cucuphates x aximades y dymonipes z azofanes w iuuenides a caloni abdon acaron adonion pelion ofarion agelon chorion siphilon akaton elyon amelon enopion colafon epimelon aquilon trasilon asebon museon axion symeon azaron suuelon a manas a padony a rachiel b abranas b abdony b abriel c scatanas c schany c scoriel d adonias d adony d adoniel e helianas e melony e sebaniel f afranas f afanay f ofymiel g agonas g egelnoty g agiriel h thorcas h chalmy h thomiel i pisanas i dilonoy i michael k akaras k akony k akastiel l alnotas l alciony l alexiel m omelias m amoly m ambiel n antras n annay n anadiel o ionas o comaty o mosiel p aponas p apenoy p aprutiel q aquinas q aquay q aquiel r tranapas r cratay r vziel s asaphas s asony s asifiel t storapas t atenoy t athoniel v cucufas v exuby v curiel x axiopas x azapy x axiel z azarias z cauualy z azahel w iuuelas w iuuiel a pasan b abafusa c ocafusa d adonisa e pefusa f afenusa g agnonusa h chorusa i liparusa k akanusa l alanesa m amasa n anorsa o ioanna p spanusa q aquola r dropisa s osiara t itabusa v auensa x axiusa y azasa z tuuesa w cuuarat m cafusa m marat b eborat c scorat d adolat e serafat f aforat g agorat h thorat i micorat k akorat l clapat m emasat n ancorat o iosaphat p aporisat q equipat r dromat s osaphat t stamer v cumat x exaphat y tymat z azarat w iuuesa a malochym b abrachym c scalachym d adoniachyn e lemarchym f effrahym g agiarchym h cherubym i pinarchym k akalochym l elachym m amolchym n anarchym o comarchym p aparchym q aquarchym r armachym s asarechym t stanarchy v dulachym x exarchym y synarchym z aziarchym w ezvarcym a naason b abedon c ocason d adisaon e nebrion f afalon g agrion h chorion i pisaron k akalon l olarion m ameon n antron o ponon p eparon q aquilon r orphion s osyrion t athenon u busidion axylon y tymaron z azurion w buualon a mathan b abaran c acoran d odoran e meran f aferan g agian h thoran i hiran k akrian l elalisan m omilan n anoten o soran p spiran q aquoran r araban s ostisan t atalan v europan x exasan y nysan z azaran w inualan a ramatha b abratha c scarapa d adropa e meratha f afrona g agiopa h thara i siprana k akropa l alania m amana n anna o somata p spania q aquina r armea s astrapa t stanopa v cumana x axiomana y rymata z azamata w cuualta a hamaym b abrohim c schamoym d adonaym e merohym f afrachym g agiarchym h choraym i pinarchym k akurchym l elohym m amalchym n anarsym o molachym p sponaym q aquaym r armachym s osiachym t atrohym v burachym x axiaym y symaym z ozyaym w huuarchym buuaras m ij a hamosin b abasin c acarin d adorin e melosin f afrasin g agusin h tholin i dirosin k akusin l elapin m ematin n anasin o comin p spalin q aquin r arabin s psallin t atolin v hurin x axosin y tymin z ozerin w duuerin a nabal b abral c scoribal d adronal e penadal f aforal g agifal h thoral i rifial k akural l elaphal m amaral n anatal o coriphal p spondal q aquial r trasapal s asephal t stanisal v curapal y syriphal z azadal w iuueral a panargos b abargos c scapagos d adlargos e gemargos f afemeros g agyrios h choridos i dionios k akuatos l alpharos m emathos n anarchos o monados p eparos q aquilos r armoplos s asianos t steganos v populars x exaplos y myriados z azulos w iuualos a barafan; b abaton; c scaran; d odrafan; e merisan; f aforisan; g agenesan; h chorisan; i mirosan; k akorifan; l alorisan; m omaran; n antisan; o porasan; p aporisan; q aquasan; r artosan; s osaran; t stefasan; v euorsan; x exarosan; y tyrosan; z azarian; 20 iuuarian; a matos; b abatos; c scoyros; d adrius; e semiros; f aforos; g agaros; h thoros; i pisaros; k ikalos; l elisios; m amalos; n anatolos; o comaros; p epauros; q equados; r tritemios; s aspidos; t athomos; u busyros; x axiforos; y synaxeos; z azaros; 21 duuaros; a cabarym; b abarym; c scarym; d odarym; e mesarym; f effraym; g agozym; h chatym; i siphaym; k akorym; l alexym; m amraym; n entolym; o sorzym; p spiritym; q aquolym; r armohym; s asarym; t athesym; u cubalym; x axarym; y synthafim; z oziarym; 22 cuuelym; 4.

A hamalach; b abralach; c scolamach; d adonisach; e mefalach; f afrilach; g ageldmach; h charolach; i misarach; k ekorach; l almanach; m emalach; n antrofach; o romelech; p sparamech; q aquilech; r tramelech; s asterech; t stauronach; v ruselech; x examiner; y tyronach; z azach; zv arvgelach; a nadas; b abonas; c achoras; d adamas; e bedamas; f eforas; g egeas; h thobias; i micheas; k akanias; l alethias; m amalas; n andras; o poniras; p epafras; q aquilas; r tracias; s afimas; t stonapas; u bulcas; axifaras; y hymaras; z aziopas; zv ervalas; a basaran; b abasaran; c icanoran; d odonias; e nemias; f afrodian; g agelan; h thilman; k ekastan; l olofan; m emosan; n anaban; o mosan; p epalasan; q aquiran; r arbasan; s osiafan; t stolan; v musan; x axioran; y pysaran; z azaphan; zv orvelan.

A hamar; b abamar; c acamar; d odamar; e nemar; f efamar; g agemar; h choramar; i fisamar; k okanasar; l almodar; m omenasar; n anasar; o aponasar; p aquosar; q tranasar; r athamar; s cubasar; t examar; x y z; 20 srynamar; 21 srvyniel; a pariel; b abriel; c achriel; d adriel; e sebiel; f afesiel; g agiel; h choriel; i gimiel; k akariel; l almiel; m emmanuel; n andriel; o mosiel; p spiriel; q aquiel; r ariel; s osiel; t atriel; v huriel; x axiel; y aymiel; z azariel; 22 srvintiriam; m 4.

A famero; b abaro; c acaro; d adamo; e neparo; f aframo; g agaro; h chorilo; i hipaso; k akralo; l elamo; m amelo; n anefalo; o moraso; p apenalo; q aquilo; r dromelo; s esaphyro; t athanato; v hubanafo; x aximaco; y lysimaco; z azabulo; 2v izvamalo; 2v arvalemer; a nader; b abner; c october; d odacer; e meser; f afer; g agener; h choramer; i pisamer; k akamer; l alaber; m emaser; n onyder; o somater; p aponer; q aquefer; r trapeser; s asamer; t storamer; u musander; x exadamer; y rymaser; z azanaber; 2v ervameram; a faram; b abram; c acaram; d oderam; e perasam; f afaram; g agaram; h thoram; i sisaram; k akarisam; l alpharam; m ameriam; n entropam; o coranesam; p sparoniam; q aquilam; r armoniam; s asamaram; t athiram; v pusaram; x exarasam; y tympariam; z azariam; 2v ervameram.

A fabion; b abra; c acra; d adra; e fedra; f afera; g agara; h chora; i hisara; k akoyra; l elora; m amyra; n ancyra; o cosera; p opira; q aquyra; r trasera; s asyra; t stymara; v dubera; x axiora; y symera; z azara; 2v arvimilon; 2v orvymora; a nasas; b abenasas; c ocasas; d edramas; e penosas; f afenosas; g agenoras; h chrysopas; i piramas; k akoras; l elasas; m amasas; n enodrias; o nosamas; p spirosas; q aquofas; r arnosas; s asiapas; t stabulas; v rusifas; x aximas; y rypidas; z azarepas; 2v ervenulas.

A hamalym; a marbas; a parason. B abolym; b abaras; b abaron. C scarolym; c scaras; c achion. D adoalym; d adamas; d adonio. E hemalym; e demas; e penason. F afialym; f afimas; f efameron. G agiolym; g agemas; g agirion. H thorym; h choras; h thobion. I mirsalym; i pisaras; i biradion. K akoalym; k akras; k akrion. L eleosym; l plutas; l olarion. M amalym; m amesas; m emason. N anasym; n anaras; n antyrion. O somalym; o cosmas; o dorion. P eparolym; p aponas; p spodion. Q aquasym; q squillas; q sequilon. R archadym; r droypas; r triphon. S ispalym; s astrolas; s osiason. T stanosym; t statulas; t atheron. V rumalym; v rupas; v nusaon. X axiorym; x exusias; x axion. Y pymalym; y hyrmas; y symalon. Z azarym; z azamas; z azarion. rv ruuarym; rv iuuerulas; rv cuualion.

A camer; b abrami; c scalmodi; d adelmi; e hemuri; f affemari; g ageladi; h choladi; i hilmesi; k akriali; l alphai; m amadi; n onemadi; o comari; p apenati; q aquiroti; r armeni; s astrophili; t stanopoli; v cumadi; x axiomi; y symachy; z oziafali; 2v huueni; a passan; b abassan; c achasan; d edosan; e mesan; f efaresan; g agersan; h chorisan; i ripasan; k ekasan; l elysan; m omesan; n enosan; o corsan; p spirosan; q squisan; r cranesan; s osturan; t atrasan; v cursan; x axiosan; y myrsan; z azarsan; 2v buuolan.

a vamelo b abymalo c scamelo d adonylo e persalo f ofimalo g agimelo h chorelo i vibulo k ikastulo l almelo m omalo n enmelo o romulo p epanilo q squatilo r tramelo s esatulo t athalo u burello x exialo y tymelo z ezinalo 2v cuuesulo 2u duuelas a cadas b abadas c ochas d adrias e medas f afiras g agias h thorcas i hironas k okaphas l alenas m emodas n antras o colonas p spiridas q squurcas r troadas s esonidas t atridas u busulas x axiodas y pyrolas z azimas 2v duuelas a dorafyn b abrofyn c echofyn d edofyn e perafyn f afefyn g agefyn h chrasyn i nicasyn k akasyn l clarosyn m ernolsyn n eneafyn o colasyn p aparsyn q aquolyn r druysyn s afothyn t athalyn v guresyn x exufyn y rynesyn z azaryn 2v buualyn a hamar b abamar c fcomar d adamar e lemar f efamar g agamar h thama i pifamar k akomar l alemar m amphar n anaphar o comar p epamar q squafar r tramar s osamar t ithama v husamar x aryimar y syfamar z azacher zv huuafar a parulen b abzulen c schalen d aduren e pesilen f afesen g agufen h chalen i bilen k akulen l almen m omylen n enafylen o hosalen p spirasen q equalen r dzoylen s asuben t sturasen v cusalen x examen y pyramen z azalen zv cuualen a samas b abaras c achias d adamas e hermas f ofirmas g agamas h thymas i hilmas k ikomas l elomas m amelas n antras o somas p epatras q squillas r dzomas s asomas t stormas v gurgas x arymas y hyrpas z azaras zv puualas a cabalan b abalan c scalan d adulan e herman f osilan g aglan h chrosian i hifalan k okalan l plrisan m omesan n annan o ioannan p eparan q aquilan r proylan s esalan t athoran v hulman x exusian y tyresan z azarian 2v cuuelman a haroem b abroem c scaroem d adroem e meroem f effroem g agroem h throem i siroem k akroem l alroem m amram n antroem o coroem p spiroem q squiroem r troem s aschroem t sturoem v suroem x extroem y myroem z azaroem 2v cuualroem a maraber b abaner c achaber d odoacer e geseber f affaner g eganer h haber i sicher k akaber l cleser m omaer n anaber o dosaber p spinter q squaler r arbaser s psaller t athner v hubaser x axamer y tymaser z azuber 2v huueser a panas b aberas c icomas d adrias e selenas f afrodias g egeas h thoras k okadas l alphas m omeras n entholas o corydas p spurnas q aquinas r orcadas s asonias t stoicas v musas x exubias y lybidas z azaras 2v puuenas a labana b abana c schiona d adonia e melona f afronia g agonia h thorna i liburna k akrania l alphona m amphena n ancona o posena p aprona q squilina r troiana s asonia t athonia u cusana x axula y mytela z ezanula 2v iuuenula a rabinu b abinu c achiu d odanu e sebau f offenu g agelau h choleu i cisleu k akolu l olenu m amalu n aneu o rosalu p aponu q squileu r aradu s asebiu t stratiu v burelu x axialu y ryfilu z azariu 2v cuualu n ij a cades b ebales c ichanes d odipes e nefeles f afanes g agires h chares i pisares k akales l alores m amoles n andres o dorpes p spintres q aquiles r orcades s efrades t atriles v curades x exarpes y myriades z azifanes 2v ruuares a madan b abadan c scholan d adilan e mesan f efilan g aglan h choran i sisaran k akaran l eluran m omylan n onysan o horisan p apasan q squillan r arnan s asaran t stenosan v europan x exusian y hyaran z azarian 2v huualan a samaym b abraym c scazym d adoraym e mezrym f afroym g agozym h chorazym i riphaym k okarym l aluarym m amoryzym n anarsym o romulym p spirazym q aquolym r arazym s osyrym t stasyrym v curasym x axarym y tynarym z azarym 2v buualym a hasor b abenor c achior d adasor e mesior f affasor g egenor h chrysor k akusor l alaphor m amador n anthenor o gomor p epinasor q equador r orsamor s asiphor t stephasor v hupator x exanor y symetor z azagor 2v cuualor a masael b abadiel c sconiel d adoniel e mersiel f afrael g agiel h chosiel i michael k okariel l almiel m amesiel n anasel o poniel p spudiel q squariel r archael s israel t statuel u euseuiel x axiel y aymiel z azael 2v iuuiel a nason b abnason c achyon d adrion e penason f ofirion g agedon h thobion i pigion k akaron l almon m emason n anason o coroson p spirason q aquilon r arphon s astron t athion v musaron x axaron y symon z azabon 2v huuelon n iij a salaam b abraham c schroam d odaram e henoram f afimeram g agorisam h charesam i hidaram k akonesam l alinoram m amasam n andrasam o corasam p spartiam q aquitiam r archasam s asiphoram t athenosam v axiolam y vymosam z azaram [unclear] ruueram a batros b abaros c acharios d adamos e seluros f afiaros g agiaros h thabros i himaros k akaros l eluros m amelos n antyros o cotyros p apocapos q aquyros r orcados s assyrios t styrios v tuberos x exameros y symeros z azaros [unclear] cuuaros a halen b abauen c acharen d adalen e hearen f afrasen g egusen h chelen i ripen k ikosen l pleren m aman n anoben o nosiren p spalen q squyen r archen s esamen t aterosen v buralen x examen y tymen z oziaren [unclear] huualen a fanasar b abomera c schoyra d ademera e hemara f afymera g agymera h chymera i ciparasa k akeloma l clusara m omefama n anafora o domara p spanyra q aquyra r treuira s asubera t stiburna v budora x axifera y pynosara z azeofera 20 tuuerasa a tabam b abalam c acham d adam e gelam f effram g agoram h thoram i fibulam k okasam l alpam m amesam n anasam o ponesam p aporam q squillam r arosam s asaram t sturisam v curisam x axiosam y tyrosam z azaram 21 huualram n 4 a marpas b abranas c achaias d adonias e nebrias f afroas g agaras h thornas i hiberas k akronas l alopas m omylas n andras o corbas p spatas q aquilas r archeas s aseras t athenas v auatas x exameras y symeras z azurias [unclear] cuuaras a dabrai b abrai c schorai d adrai e seraphi f afrai g aglai h cholai i dilai k akri l alcinoi m amrai n anai o morfai p apotoi q squyi r tranai s asiani t storapi v culsani x axioli y ryniasi z azuli [unclear] cuuali a nameso b abraneso c achimeo d odaneso e menaso f afamero g aganeso h chorulo i pilarso k okaro l elmaro m amefalo n anthropo o bonalo p spiraso q aquilo r archado s asamelo t stamelo v dusaralo x exaphilo y tyrialo z azuphilo [unclear] ruvero a baron a madel a nafasor a parasan b abaron b abanel b abrasor b abrasan c achron c achael c achior c schoyran d adon d adriel d adomor d adrian e meron e meroel e penasor e perosan f afron f afriel f afrisor f aforisan g agion g agiel g agenor g agiosan h choron h choriel h chamor h thomasan i sifaron i riffiel i piramor i nisan k akaron k akiel k alephior k akusan l elyon l alaliel l amasor l aleman m amon m amyel m anydor m omasan n enason n andriel n o monor n anathan o dorion o mosiel o apenor o poneran p apason p spaniel p squifor p spirisan q equilon q aquiel q aramor q sequilisan r argadon r orifiel r osanesor s orphiran s asebon s athesiel t budaor v aserasan t atheneon t cumael v axiosor x sturistan u examiner u aymiel y synasor y exusian z azaron z azael z tuuesor [unclear] luonisan [unclear] a ramelech b abralech c achiolech d adifelech e merech f afalech g ageselech h chroserech i pimelech k akarech l aldonech m amalech n andrech o somelech p epimolech q aqualech r armalech s osiphalech t stamelech v sumarech x examelech y myfalech z azamelech [unclear] cuuelech a cadon b abadon c icaron d adelon e peron f ofarion g agaron h thosiron i mirason k akolon l oleron m ameron n andron o homeron p spodion q aquilon r cromason s astrofilon t stamon v purason x axilon y tyrolon z azarion [unclear] tuuelon a vamelo b abramelo c schomalo d adremalo e vemalo f afrodilo g agymelo h charifo i misalo k akifalo l alpharo m omerilo n enopio o romefo p spanolo q equisaro r orchalo s asymero t athelo v cusario x examero y pynalo z azuro [unclear] huualo a maserat b abronisat c scharesat d adromat e mesauerat f eforbisat g agemerat h chorasat i pidonesat k okamerat l clonephat m amaresat n androsat o comerat p aporisat q squisarat r aranesat s astronesat t stromesat v hubanat x axiophat y symorat z azahelat [unclear] iunarat a naser b abner c achior d adamer e nemeser f afiaser g ogieser h thomer i dinamer k ikuser l eleeser m amaser n anther o moser p spatiser q aquoser r armaser s ostiafer t stenaser u cusamer x exuser y rynose z azame [unclear] suualer a madian b abrasan c achasan d adonian e melchan f afasan g agathan h christan i milian k akosan l plerisan m omeran n anasan o mosan p spanian q aquilan r trapesan s asiphan t athenan v subulan x axulan y cytharan z ozian [unclear] ruueran a saday b abray c scotay d adonay e semey f afrodey g agareny h chosay i risany k akolay l alphoy m amary n andrasy o dobry p sparalty q squiny r archasy s aschry t stomay v axiosy y cyprasy z azanay 20 iuualy a malachym b abelohym c ocreachym d adrohym e melochym f effraym g agiachym h cherubym i hiarchym k akulym l elemoym m ameloym n anthiachym o comarchym p aparchym q squilaym r arachym s osiarchym t stuparchym u cusarym x axiarym y synarchym z azariagym 21 guuesym 22 huualan a harman b ebaran c acharan d oderan e herman f afalian g aglasan h thoran i hileman k okopan l pliasan m ameran andran n poneran o porian p squillan r tranesan s asaphan atenosan v huran x axoran y tyaran z azaran 23 huualan a sarabar b abrason c icharon d adelon e meson f afirion g agiron h charon i pirason k okaron l olueon m ameron n onalon o cormon p spayron q aquilon r prosopon s psalmon t athenon v curaton x examon y tyrison z ezafilon 20 duuelon a hamaym b abroym c achiozym d adoraym e heroym f afiarym g aglaym h chyroym i sibarym k akarym l almachym m emarchym n enarchym o comarchym p aponarym q aqualym r tritaym s osiachym t stenorym v cumachym x axiolym y synaxym z azarym 21 cuuerulym Once the demonstration of our possibility has been shown as briefly, and no less sufficiently, as possible, I do not think that I should weary myself longer in this same matter, since the method provides a path without end, if anyone should need an example for further things. Nor do I think it at all necessary to recall to memory the things that have been set out in the preceding pages, since a keen reader, if he is studious, will also be able, with the Lord’s help, to find the greater things that lie hidden in them. We have handed over to the wise and studious man both the material and the cause; if he wishes to use these prudently, by his own talent he will surpass ours. But whoever desires this arrangement to be more beautiful in its shadow, let him join hand and mind to talent, and make for himself a path more beautifully adorned by paraphrase. Let anyone whom these things delight keep firmly in memory that he must always remain within the prescribed circle; if he passes beyond it in any way, the whole operation vanishes uselessly. There are many names of men; finally, there are almost infinite words for things, villages, cities, provinces, herbs, stones, and words, all of which serve our purposes. From these it is clear that it is not impossible for a book to be made according to the method, if talent is present with diligence, which may surpass our discoveries without limit. But he who is of such dullness that he cannot understand these childish things of ours, when will he penetrate the subtler things that remain? We set an end to the fourth book of the Polygraphy, to which we join a fifth in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Here is the end of the fourth book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot, on the fourteenth day of March, in the year 1508.

[unclear] Do not cast out the discourse, but explain autumn and winter. And [unclear] his own path in nearness, and the charges of the priests and the observations, And the sacred dates and roads and councillors and civic officials, and the eyewitness accounts, and earth and cold and water Beside the invasion; not with the discourse. And he explained autumn and snow. And from those among whom Petrius was, [unclear] under [unclear], the successor of the Gauls, and the sons born to him, This man became like Makarios, and being the king of his sons who had been born, and being the father of the younger ones Of the kings who had been born. And he said: The discourse has not harmed you, but you will explain autumn and snow. And he explained autumn and [unclear], and giving to those nearer to his own path, and the priests of the priests and the observation, and the eyewitness accounts and the councils and the civic affairs, and the eyewitness accounts and earth and cold and water Beside the invasion; not with the discourse. And he explained autumn and snow. And from him, Petrius, the successor of the Gauls, and the sons born to him: this [unclear], blessed, and [unclear] of the kings of his sons born to him, Those being the father of the younger ones. And they are seen by you, God, word of life, of the Athenian voice of Christ. All my faith in God, saying: Jesus. [unclear] the new [unclear] of the brothers does not come, but to see life. And their sons [unclear] the earth and the planted things and the rivers and the soul and the waters and the images and the eminences and the discourse of sacred things.

Of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James the Apostle [unclear], Book Five of the Polygraphia: beginning of the chapter.

Those things which, with the help of our Lord Jesus Christ, we have set forth, as best we could, in the four preceding books for the completion of our Polygraphia, reasonably require that in the fifth book we briefly treat the remaining precepts and methods of this instruction that are left over. We shall therefore give in it a sufficiently concise method by metathesis, that is, by the transposition of letters, by which a friend may write securely, safely, and most secretly to a friend whatever he wishes. We read that Caesar Augustus used this manner of writing in secret matters. This method of sending messages, although in many ways secure, is nevertheless always regarded as suspect by those who look upon it, because as soon as a transposition of letters is seen, anyone curious immediately suspects that something lies hidden beneath them. But the methods of this invention are almost infinite; from them we have marked out the following for the reader as a necessary introduction, reserving the rest to be searched out by his own ingenuity. First, therefore, we have put before him the standard table of this practice, to which we have added a second, reversed one. In these two tables the root and foundation of the aforementioned transposition are wholly laid down, upon which the structure of the whole edifice is placed. For once these two tables have been properly known and understood, no transposition of letters will be able to escape one who works diligently. To these we have joined the order of twenty-four alphabets. The use of these, as one wishes, consists in each individually, or, if you prefer, even in all of them. If you have secret dealings with many people, assign individual alphabets to each of your confidants, while you commit to memory what you have given to each one. Let the first alphabet be entrusted to the first person, the second to the second, the third to the third, and so on with the rest. But if, because of a very great number of affairs or of associates, the alphabets which we have marked out should not suffice for all things, or if some of them seem too open and obvious, we shall be able to introduce various new transpositions, whose number may be very great, while the method of the secret always remains perpetually hidden. Let us give an example of this matter: let B be a, f be b, l be c, p be d, t be e, z be f, c be g, m be h; and so let it be done consequently through the whole customary alphabet, so that between any chosen letter three lie idle and transposed. Afterwards four, then five, more or fewer, yet in such a way that the whole alphabet, as though revolved in a circle, comes together, and no letter at all is omitted, but each one is placed in its own order in the same sequence for another. In whatever way you write, that very method must be firmly entrusted either to writing or to memory, lest, having slipped through forgetfulness, you can no longer read what you yourself had written. For the transposition of letters can be varied in so many ways that, according to the estimate of human understanding, which, enclosed by temporal operation in a mortal body, does not properly grasp infinities, there will arise for a mortal an innumerable number. Hence whoever wishes to have more methods of writing by metathesis, apart from our instruction, if he is even a little ingenious and diligent, will easily achieve the effect in his work. For the mind of man can do very great things if it is aided by study; but art that despises the smallest things never reaches the greater. I know that there will be very many who will mock these studies of ours as vain and childish; to them we give this answer: that we shall be entirely content provided they please those at whose request they were composed by us. The straight table follows.

Direct table of transposition.

[table of letters and numerals] multiplied the same number of times, they make a little less than fourteen thousand.

Reverse table of transposition.

[table of letters and numerals] In this reverse table, you have just as many alphabets through the transposition of letters as in the preceding one, which we also set down as the direct table. For, as you see, under metathesis there are twenty-four toward the right. Likewise the same number toward the left; downward, twenty-four; and upward, ninety-eight. Multiplied four times twenty times, reduced in the form of a cross to the four sides, they make no fewer than one hundred and twelve alphabets.

The same table follows, expanded.

First figure of the expansion of the direct table.

[expanded table of letters] This is the first figure of the expansion of the direct table: five alphabets by metatheses, as is seen, with transposition of the letters. For in the first alphabet b is taken for a, c is taken for b, and so on consecutively, as is clearer to one who looks closely. In the second alphabet g is taken for a; in the third, d; in the fourth, e; in the fifth, f, as the placement of the order teaches.

The expansion is continued.

Second figure of the expansion of the direct table.

[expanded table of letter-pairs] In this second figure of the expansion of the direct table there are likewise contained five alphabets in number, from which by metathesis many others also can be made; their arrangement, for the sake of brevity, we have omitted. [unclear].

The expansion is continued.

Third figure of the expansion of the straight table. | am | b n | c o | d p | e q | f r | g s | h t | i u | k x | l y | m z | n w | o a | p b | q c | r d | s e | t f | u g | v x | w z | x b | y k | z l | [unclear] m | w n | s o | p q | r a | s b | t c | u d | v e | x f | y g | z s | [unclear] a | b s | c z | d e | e s | f b | g s | h a | i z | j e | k s | l b | m s | n s | o s | p s | q s | r s | s s | t s | u s | v s | w s | x s | y s | z s | s a | s b | s c | s d | s e | s f | s g | s h | s i | s j | s k | s l | s m | s n | s o | s p | s q | s r | s s | s t | s u | s v | s w | s x | s y | s z | [unclear] s a | [unclear] s b | [unclear] s c | [unclear] s d | [unclear] s e | [unclear] s f | [unclear] s g | [unclear] s h | [unclear] s i | [unclear] s j | [unclear] s k | [unclear] s l | [unclear] s m | [unclear] s n | [unclear] s o | [unclear] s p | [unclear] s q | [unclear] s r | [unclear] s s | [unclear] s t | [unclear] s u | [unclear] s v | [unclear] s w | [unclear] s x | [unclear] s y | [unclear] s z | am | b n | c p | d q | e r | f s | g t | h u | i v | j x | k y | l z | m w | n a | o b | p c | q d | r e | s f | t g | u h | v i | x k | y l | z m | s n | o s | p q | s r | s s | t s | u s | v s || aq | br | cs | dt | cu | fx | gx | hy | bz | iw | ka | lb | mc | nd | oe | pf | gb | rb | si | tk | ul | xm | yn | zo | wp | There are also in this expanded figure of the straight table five alphabets, distributed in order as is seen; in the first of them, by the principle of metathesis, m is taken for a, in the second n, in the third o, in the fourth p, in the fifth q. Their number can be enlarged in many ways, as was said above.

Continuation of the expansion. C iiii

Fourth figure of the expansion of the straight table. | a r | s t | u x | | b s | b u | b y | | c t | c x | c z | | d n | d y | d w | | x e | f [unclear] | g a | | f y | f w | f b | | g z | h b | i d | | i a | k c | k e | | k b | l d | l f | | m d | m e | m g | | h e | o g | o i | | o f | p b | p k | | p g | q i | q l | | r i | r k | r m | | s k | s l | s n | | t l | t m | t o | | u m | x o | x q | | x n | y p | y r | | y o | z q | z s | | z p | w r | w t | wq | | | | This is the fourth table of the expansion of the metaphorical letters in straight order; it comprises up to and including the twentieth. Translation is carried out in these just as also in the others, for many purposes; whoever wishes may use them most securely in secret matters.

Continuation of the straight table.

Fifth figure of the expansion of the straight table. | a y | b [unclear] | c w | d a | e b | f c | g d | h i | k g | l h | m i | n k | o l | p m | q n | r o | s p | t q | u x | v z | w x | | | | a [unclear] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b w | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c a | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b [unclear] | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a g | | | b w | c a | d b | e c | f d | g e | h f | i g | k h | l i | m k | n o | p q | r s | t u | x y | z z | w z | | | | | | | | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | b w | c a [unclear] | d b | e f | g h | i k | l m | n p | o q | r s t u x y z | | | | | | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | | | || | | | | | | | | | w z | | | | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | | | || | | | || | | | | [unclear] | b w | c a [unclear] | d b | e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u x y | | | | | | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | | | | | | | z | w z | | | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || | || |

First figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

|a w | b z | c y | d x | e u | f t | g s | h r | i q | k p | l o | m n | o l | p k | q i | r b | s g | t f | u e | x d | y c | z b | w a | |a z | b x | c u | d t | e r | f q | g p | h n | i m | k l | l k | m i | n b | o g | p f | q e | r d | s c | t b | u a | x w | y 3 | z y | w x| This is the first figure of the expansion of the reversed table, which, since it proceeds from the opposite direction against the regular one, is deservedly called irregular. For, with the alphabets alternated in order, it introduces an error backward from the twelfth, and not in [unclear], nor [unclear]. Since the rule had given this, he did not think it should be altered. Continuation.

Second figure of the expansion of the reversed table.

|a t | s | r | a q m | a p n | o| |b s | b r | b q k | b p l | b o m | b n| |c r | c q d | c p i | c o j | c n | c m| |d q | d p g | do d | n i | d m k | d l| |e p | e o f | e n | e m d | e l | e k| |f o | f n | f m | f l | f k | f i| |g n | g m | g l | g k | g i | g h b| |h m | h b | h k | h i | h b | i g b| |i l | i k | i i | i b | i g | i f b| |k k | k i | k b | k g | k f | k e| |l i | l b | l g | l f | d l | e d| |m b | m g | m f | m e | m d | m c| |n g | n f | n c | n d | n c | n b| |o f | o c x | o d | o c | o b w | a z| |p e | p d | p c | p b y | p a | p w| |q d | q c | q b | q a x | q v | r 3| |r c | r b | r a | r w u | r 2 | r y| |s b | s a | s w | t 3 | s y | s x| |t a | t w | t z | t y | t x | t u| |u w | u z | u y | u x | u u | u t| |x 3 | x y | x x | x u | x t | x s| |y y | y x | y u | y t | y s | y r| |z x | z u | z r | z o | z q| |w u | w t | w s | w r | w q | w p In this second figure of the expansion of the reversed table, the alphabets are six in number. In the first of them k, in the third i, and in the fifth h are not changed. Since the rule has given this, it is of no importance, because in so great a multitude of variety there will be no one, however expert, who could weigh the constancy of a single sign or character. Continuation.

Third figure of the expansion of the reversed table

| o | a | n | q | a | m | p | - | a | l | 2 | a | k | e | a | i | s | a | b | | h | b | m | o | b | l | g | b | k | p | b | i | r | b | b | g | f | c | d | e | | m | c | l | n | c | k | o | c | i | g | c | b | p | c | g | w | c | f | d | e | | j | d | k | m | d | i | n | d | b | o | d | g | f | d | f | d | c | e | d | | H | e | i | T | e | b | t | e | g | n | e | f | o | e | e | e | d | f | c | | J | f | b | S | f | g | I | f | f | e | n | f | d | O | f | C | B | | D | g | g | g | f | A | g | e | l | g | d | M | g | c | N | G | B | | R | b | f | - | b | e | L | b | d | b | c | I | b | a | I | W | | E | i | e | P | i | d | d | i | c | I | b | K | Y | I | A | I | W | | 3 | k | d | K | b | k | b | d | k | a | I | k | w | K | Z | L | Y | | h | l | c | L | b | L | a | L | w | L | 3 | L | X | M | Y | M | X | | m | b | M | a | M | w | M | 3 | M | y | M | U | T | Q | R | S | P | | d | n | a | N | w | N | z | N | y | N | x | N | u | V | T | O | T | | o | w | d | O | 3 | O | y | H | O | x | O | u | O | t | q | r | s | | p | 3 | P | y | D | P | x | P | u | P | t | P | S | q | r | r | q | | q | y | Y | q | X | q | u | D | q | S | q | S | p | o | t | o | T | | Y | r | X | R | U | W | T | R | S | R | S | q | D | S | P | q | r| | X | S | U | S | T | S | S | R | A | S | q | I | K | Z | k | l | i | | J | u | S | U | R | X | U | q | U | P | U | O | U | N | L | M | m| | 2 | X | R | X | Q | U | X | P | X | O | X | n | X | m | L | M | M| | J | y | q | E | Y | P | Y | O | Y | N | X | Y | M | Y | L | L | L| | P | 3 | P | T | 3 | N | T | 3 | M | T | 3 | L | K | L | Z | K | K| | q | w | o | P | W | N | W | M | W | L | W | K | W | I | I | I | H|

[unclear]

The fifth figure of the expansion of the reversed table,

|a | w | . | 3 | c | m | n | |b | z | b | w | d | o | p| |c | y | c | x | e | q | r| |d | u | d | y | f | s | t| |e | k | e | t | g | i | u| |f | u | f | u | h | j | v| |g | t | g | s | i | l | x| |h | r | h | i | k | m | y| |i | q | k | p | l | n | z| |k | p | k | n | o | m | w| |m | n | m | o | p | q | b| |n | m | n | l | r | s | a| |o | l | o | q | t | u | b| |p | k | o | r | v | x | c| |q | i | p | s | y | z | d| |r | b | q | t | a | w | e| |s | g | r | u | b | a | f| |t | g | u | x | b | c | d| |x | d | . | 3 | b | d | e| |y | c | . | 2 | b | e | f| |z | b | . | 1 | b | f | g| w | a | . | 0 | b | g | h| In this fifth figure of the expansion of the reversed table there are only the first two alphabets in order looking back upon it, in the number of which, first, a is eclipsed. But we have set down the remaining four as an example, so that one who wishes may have material for coining names according to his desire.

Orchema

| a c | b e | d g | f i | g n | h p | i r | j x | k q | l z | m a | o w | p b | q u | r s | t y | u z | v g | w c | | a e | b f | c g | d b | e i | f d | g c | h b | i w | j k | l p | m n | o q | p k | q i | r b | s g | t w | u x | v z | w a | | a q | b r | c s | d t | e u | f x | g y | h z | i 3 | j l | k m | l o | m n | n c | o d | p e | q f | r g | s h | t i | u k | v l | w m | x n | y o | z p | w q | x r | y s | z t | w u | x v | y w | z x | w y | z u | w z | x c | y b | z a | w b | x d | y c | z b | w a | x w | y z | z c | w a | x b | y d | z w | w b | x a | y c | z x | w z | x y | z w | y x | z u | w v | x y | z t | w z | x u | y v | z c | w b | x w | y a | z b | w c | x d | y w | z a | w c | x b | y z | z w | y b | x a | y d | z x | w b | x c | y d | z a | w d | x b | y w | z c | w d | x a | y b | z w | w d | x c | y a | z x | w d | x b | y c | z a | w e | x f | y g | z h | w e | x i | y j | z k | w e | x l | y m | z n | w e | x o | y p | z q | w e | x r | y s | t u | w e | x t | y v | z u | w e | x u | y z | t v | w e | x v | y a | t z | w e | x w | y b | t c | w e | x z | y c | t d | w e | x a | y d | t e | w e | x b | y e | t f | w e | x c | y f | t g | w e | x d | y g | t h | w e | x e | y h | t i | w e | x f | y i | t j | w e | x g | y j | t k | w e | x h | y k | t l | w e | x i | 3 | y l | t m | w e | x j | 3 | y m | t n | w e | x k | 3 | y n | t o | w e | x l | 3 | y o | t p | w e | x m | 3 | y p | t q | w e | x n | 3 | y q | t r | w e | x o | 3 | y r | t s | w e | x p | 3 | y s | t t | w e | x q | 3 | y t | t u | w e | v x | 3 | y u | t v | w e | z y | 3 | z x | t z | w e | | a p | b q | c r | d s | e t | f u | g x | h y | i z | k a | l b | m c | n d | o e | p f | q g | r h | s i | t k | u j | v m | w n | x p | y o | z q | In the present orchema a manifold alphabet is handed down, by transposition and leap, both according to the rule of order and according to the position of the letters. All these things are sufficient as an example for those who cannot be content with fixed ones, so that they may have a method and form for discovering the rest, since they can be varied without number.

ii

Johannes Trithemius, Abbot [unclear], to the reader, greeting.

Since all the letters of the Greeks and Hebrews are numerical, I have often wondered that the inquisitive Latinity of the ancients did not also make its own letters serve the reckoning of numbers. The Hebrews, by doubling certain letters, established twenty-eight signs sufficient for every number. The Greeks, however, with like foresight relieved this lack of letters by the addition of four characters. Since we therefore have twenty-four letters, why do we not also make our own numerical, seeing that we can similarly find four doubled letters? Let us give four as an example, and all will be sufficient for number: final m and n; likewise closed v and open u. When we add to these the twenty-four usual letters, we have characters sufficient for all twenty-eight numbers. And it will be no matter of very great labor to commit this number to memory.

For this invention of ours will be able to be useful to many, since in number it comprehends many thousands in few letters, all of which at first glance, without any calculation, can be discerned and understood more clearly than light. Many who are less experienced in the art of calculation think that this cannot be done so easily by the figures of algorism, especially in large numbers. For as soon as you have looked with your eye upon any number, however great, you will be able both to understand it fully and to express it without circumlocution or division of speech. Since this is done so easily, it is fitting that we mark the letters themselves reduced into number. Written 16 [unclear] 1508.

Order of numerical letters.

a 1 ma 31 oa 61 ra 91 wd 1004 b 2 mb 32 ob 62 rb 92 we 1005 c 3 mc 33 oc 63 rc 93 wf 1006 d 4 md 34 od 64 rd 94 wg 1007 e 5 me 35 oe 65 re 95 wh 1008 f 6 mf 36 of 66 rf 96 wi 1009 g 7 mg 37 og 67 rg 97 bw 2000 h 8 mh 38 oh 68 rh 98 cw 3000 i 9 mi 39 oi 69 ri 99 dw 4000 k 10 nj 40 p 70 q 100 cw 5000 ka 11 nja 41 pa 71 r 101 fw 6000 kb 12 njb 42 pb 72 s 102 gw 7000 kc 13 njc 43 pc 73 t 103 bw 8000 kd 14 njd 44 pd 74 u 104 iw 9000 ke 15 nje 45 pe 75 v 105 kw 10000 kf 16 njf 46 pf 76 w 106 lw 20000 kg 17 njg 47 pg 77 x 107 mw 30000 kh 18 njh 48 ph 78 y 108 nw 40000 ki 19 nj i 49 pi 79 z 109 ow 50000 l 20 n 50 q 80 a 200 pw 60000 la 21 na 51 qa 81 b 300 qw 80000 lb 22 nb 52 qb 82 c 400 rw 90000 lc 23 nc 53 qc 83 d 500 sw 100000 ld 24 nd 54 qd 84 e 600 tw 200000 le 25 ne 55 qe 85 f 700 vw 300000 lf 26 nf 56 qf 86 g 800 uw 400000 lg 27 ng 57 qg 87 h 900 xw 500000 lh 28 nh 58 qb 88 i 1002 yw 600000 li 29 ni 59 qi 89 z 1003 p ij

Order of numerical letters.

| yw | 800000 | ozw | 6000000 | t2w | 40000000 | | zw | 900000 | p2w | 7000000 | v2w | 50000000 | | k2w | 1000000 | q2w | 80000oo | u2w | 60000ooo | | l2w | 200000o | r2w | 9000oooo | x2w | 7000uooo | | m2w | 3000000 | s2w | 1000oooo | y2w | 800ooooo | | n2w | 4000ooo | s2w | 200ooooo | z2w | 900ooooo | | n2w | 500oooo | S2w | 300ooooo | K22w | 100ooooooo | Behold, reader, you have the method by which you can adequately mark down and write every writable number with a few letters; their range, as you see, proceeds to infinity. But, as people once used to say in a proverb, “The weary ox plants his foot firmly”: whoever wishes there to be a limit to the preceding things, let him follow the ancient method.

So that those who do not know it may understand it more easily, it will not be tedious for me to give in what follows the form which Hunibald the Frank, historiographer of the Franks, and also Bede, Rabanus, the monks Helpericus, and many of the ancients used in chronicles and ecclesiastical computations, as follows.

The method of numbering of Hunibald the Frank and others.

| j. | x | 10 | xviiij | 19 | C | 100 | | ij | 2 | xi | 11 | xx | 20 | cc | 200 | | iij | 3 | xij | 12 | xxx | 30 | ccc | 300 | | iiij | 4 | xiiij | 13 | xxxx | 40 | cccc | 400 | | v | 5 | xiiij | 14 | L | 50 | D | 500 | | vij | 6 | xv | 15 | lx | 60 | dc | 600 | | viij | 7 | xvj | 16 | lxx | 70 | dccc | 700 | | viij | 8 | xviij | 17 | lxxx | 80 | dccx | 800 | | viij | 9 | xviij | 18 | lxxxx | 90 | dcccc | 900 |

The ancient order of numerical letters

| c̄ | 30000000 | c̄ | X | 100000000 | | ---: | :---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---:| | ccccc | 40000000 || lxx | 70000000 || | D | 50000000 | c̄ | XX | 20000000 | c̄ | lxxx | 80000000 || | d̄c | 60000000 | c̄ | XXX | 300000 | c̄ | LXXX | 90000000 || | dccc | 700000 | c̄ | C | 4000 | c̄ | CCC | 1000 || | dccc | 8000 | c̄ | L | 50 | c̄ | CC | 100 || | dcccc | 9000 | c̄ | LX | 60 | c̄ | XLX | 10 || We have thus far set forth, by way of example, the ancient manner of the Franks of Germany in writing numbers with Latin letters, so that we might also provide knowledge of it to those who do not know it. But the fact that, in setting down the figures of algorism, we have departed from the common rule of computation was done not by mistake but for a reasonable cause, namely so that we should not be burdened by an excessive progression. There were also some who wrote larger numbers in this manner.

| cm. || dcccm. || lxxcm. | | ---: | :---: | ---: | :---:| | ccm. || dccccm. || lxxxcm. | | ---: | :---: | ---: | :---:| | cccc m. || xcm. || iicm. | | ---: | :---: | ---: | :---:| | dm. || xxcm. || xxxxcm. || | ---: | :---: | ---: | :---:| | dcm. || xxxcm. || iccm. || | ---: | :---: | ---: | :---:| | dccm. || lcm. || xccm. || With these matters concerning the method of numbers duly completed, we also bring the fifth book of the Polygraphia to an end. In the year of the Lord 1508.

The sixth book of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James the Greater the Apostle at Würzburg, begins.

Before every invention and use of letters, in the beginning of the world, when human beings were still rough in understanding and uncultivated in manners, under the governance of a succession shared among three, as certain persons think, of intelligences succeeding one another in order for one thousand sixty-three years, the influences of the planets were in the world, acting in their own way upon bodies on earth. The ancient investigators of this matter say that Saturn, from the beginning of the world, presided by his influence over the things sprouting and growing on earth, principally through the governance of his intelligence, which they called Orifiel, that is, the life-giving one of God, for three hundred fifty-four lunar years, likewise four months, and as many days and hours. These things we recount as poetic; we do not affirm them.

After Saturn, Venus, and after Venus, Jupiter is held to have assumed dominion. After Jupiter, however, Mercury, fourth in order as ruler, adorned the talents of human beings with various arts. But under the three intelligences mentioned, namely while Saturn, Venus, and Jupiter were ruling, they assert that human beings did not have the use or knowledge of letters. Hence whenever one person wished to announce some secret to another, he did so not by writings, since the function of letters was lacking, but symbolically, by certain likenesses of animals, trees, plants, or other sensible things, according as each had agreed among themselves.

The age of Saturn, as they say, gave human beings manners suited to the influence proper to it. For it made farmers, hunters, founders of cities, rough men, woodland-dwellers, gloomy men, simple men, uncultivated in life and manners, living in the flesh for a long time. After Orifiel of Saturn, as those who hold such opinions say, the intelligence Anael, mover of Venus, received the governance of the world by influence for three hundred fifty-four

[unclear], months, days, and four hours; under him human beings began to be more cultivated, to build houses more frequently, and cities, and also to invent various manual arts, namely weaving, wool-working, and many other things similar to these. They also began to sink more deeply into the pleasures of the flesh, to take beautiful wives, and, when many children had been begotten from them, they notably fell away from natural simplicity. They invented games and songs, began to play the lyre, and whatever they declare to pertain to the influence of Venus they devised rather eagerly, following too much the impulse of the flesh.

They named the third intelligence, that of Jupiter, Zachariel; taking up dominion over the world after Anael, it made men restless with desire for ruling, to engage in hunts, to make tents, and to adorn them with various coverings. While he held sway there came about, in accordance with the quality of Jupiter, who deprived his father of the kingdom, a great division between the good and the evil: the former calling upon God, the latter given over to the flesh and the world. Under that rule Adam, the first man, died, leaving to all posterity the testament of dying once.

The fourth mover, or angel of Mercury, Raphael, after Zachariel, pouring influence upon worldly affairs, began in the year of the world 1055 at the end of February, and lasted until the year 1410; under him the use of letters is said first to have been invented. At that time, however, the letters were, as they report, different from those which the world has today, devised in the form and likeness of trees, plants, and animals; yet afterward, with time, they were changed in many ways, and took on an easier manner of forming and a more cultivated ornament. For the fictions of the poets said that Mercury was the presiding deity of all literature, promising that great secrets of things lay hidden beneath fables.

After this, when the human race had multiplied and had spread everywhere over all the earth, the unity of letters did not long remain; rather, the division of bodies and minds far from one another found diverse and various modes of writing, concerning which there is a long narrative for us. Plato the philosopher, in the Phaedrus, relates that a certain philosopher named Theuth first invented letters and the use of writing, together with the reckoning of weights, numbers, and the game of dice, and taught Thamus, king of the Egyptians. But concerning the other ancient men who are said to have handed down special letters to almost each nation and people, letters which remain in use among them down to the present day, it is not my purpose on this occasion to set down or indicate the narrative.

For all our teachers know that Cadmus, son of Agenor, king of the Phoenicians, is said first to have brought sixteen letters into Greece: α, β, γ, δ, ε, η, ι, λ, μ, ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, ϖ. To these Palamedes, at the time of the Trojan War, is reported to have added four: ξ, θ, φ, χ. And Pythagoras afterward added the letter v, so that there should be twenty-one. ζ, κ, and ω were subsequently invented by others. Jordanes, bishop of the Goths, gave letters proper to that people. When the unity of language had been confounded, the simplicity of characters too was varied in many ways.

Hence it came about that the use of letters, in the course of time, usurped such license for itself that not only individual peoples, but also individual men, fashioning new characters for letters at their own discretion, prepared hiding places for their mysteries. Yet every writing in an unusual character will not be free from suspicion among those who see it. Notwithstanding this, many kings, tyrants, and princes of old once devised for themselves a familiar mode of writing, separate from the common one, caring little for the suspicion of others, provided only that what they wanted to remain secret was not perceived. Moved by imitation of them, and desiring to bring this work of Polygraphy, as far as can be done, to a perfect conclusion, in this sixth book, which is also the last, I have resolved to call back from the dead certain characters of the ancients, which have long since passed out of mortal use, lest they perish altogether. And first indeed we shall set down the ancient mode of writing of the Northmen.

On the alphabet and mode of writing of the Northmen, wonderful at the time when they were ravaging Gaul by their incursion.

[unclear]

All the letters of the Greeks and Palestinians are numerals, as was said before, while of the letters of the Latins, which we Germans also use, only seven [unclear] into numbers [unclear].

are referred, namely c, d, i, l, m, v, and x. The Normans, however, together with the Asiatic Dacians, having once come forth from the Scandinavian islands, which are now called Gothic, roamed through Gaul for more than forty years and devastated it most grievously. In order to provide for their secret affairs, as Bede the English monk bears witness, they devised from the letters of the Greeks a new and elegant method of writing of this kind. For they adapted the numbers of the Greeks up to twenty-four, comprised in ten letters, to Latin characters, and prudently hid our letters under a foreign form, namely in the way in which we use numbers in place of letters: that is, when for a we put 1, for b 2, for c 3, for d 4, and so on successively to the end of the alphabet. It was indeed a fine and sufficiently safe invention, which neither a Greek nor a Latin will easily understand. For the whole alphabet is not found in it, but only nine letters and one numerical sign, namely q̄, which among them signifies six; and in this manner of writing it stands for f, the sixth letter of the Latins. Furthermore, paying regard to our German tongue in which we were born, we have placed w, double, at the end as the twenty-fourth letter of our nation, which we have formed according to the Greek number thus: kδ. We shall set out this script of the Northmen from the following order of Greek letters, in imitation of them.

A α | 1 | i | [unclear] | 9 | T ζ | 17 B β | 2 | k | t | 10 | Γ υ | 18 C γ | 3 | l | τ | 11 | δ κ | 19 D ∂ | 4 | m | π | 12 | v λ | 20 E ε | 5 | n | ψ | 13 | X κ̄ | 21 F φ | 6 | o | ω | 14 | Y κρ | 22 G g | 7 | P | q | 15 | Z κυ | 23 H h | 8 | r | θ | 16 I i | 9 | s | ϖ | 17 | kɔ | 24 They represent the Latin letters, and they will be readable neither by a Greek nor by a Latin who has not first acquired knowledge of this device. This method of writing can also be varied in many ways, when the letters are changed by transposition of the number. This can be done in Greek letters in full, according to the chosen will of each industrious writer. Nor will the manner of forming these characters be very difficult, especially for one who has become somewhat practiced. The characters written above also suit the German language sufficiently well, since with them we can denote everything that occurs to us, in whatever speech we may be skilled. Whenever iota is placed by itself, so that it may be known to denote the letter k, the tenth of the alphabet, thus ĩ, it is marked above.

On the Alphabet and Method of Writing of the Ancient Franks.

The opinion of very many holds that the Germans once had letters from the Greeks, and they steadfastly affirm that they used the Greek language especially in their sacred rites. For they say that a great correspondence exists between the Greek language and our own, although the long interval of time has utterly extinguished that agreement. That most learned man, once my teacher, Johannes Camerarius Dalburgius, most reverend bishop of the church of Worms, had collected several thousand Greek words which signify the same thing in both languages, Greek and German. And Caesar testifies in the Commentaries that the ancient Druids, priests of the sacred rites in Gaul, used the Greek language, especially in sacred matters. But when the Romans were laying waste the world, they at length violently imposed the use of their letters, together with their dominion, upon many nations. Finally the remnants of the Trojans, who were afterward called Franks, in the year before the incarnation of the Lord four hundred in the [unclear] fortieth [year], having gone out from the borders of the Scythians, with King Marcomer providing leadership, they came into Germany, and from their Saxon brothers received settlements at the mouths of the Rhine. Thereafter, waging war almost continuously with the Romans and Gauls for nine hundred and fifty years, as Hunibald is the authority, they finally brought almost all Europe under their empire or kingdom. Yet they did not abolish the letters of the Romans once they had received them, but rather, mingled among the Germans and Gauls, they learned their language, and preserved their letters and form of writing. Wasthald, a writer of the histories of this people, wrote in his native tongue books of the deeds of kings, dukes, and princes over almost seven hundred and fifty-eight years, with the following characters appended, as Hunibald says; he mentions them in his volume, which he published in eighteen books on the origin of the Franks.

Λα θε ϖν ζη υζ υβ φθ ξχ λι ρβ λγ ηι ιο χρ ψch Δδ θκ επ θτ πγ ϑς Λι βρ ∗πγ Εζ Ψμ στ ωω Unless the fault of the scribe has deceived me, I have represented Wasthald’s alphabet suitably, as I think. In it some characters differ entirely from the Greek, while some also seem partly to resemble them. Yet I do not know what to judge: whoever their inventor was, although he did not keep the form of the Greek letters, he nevertheless observed the order of the letters. The manuscript, crumbling from excessive age, could scarcely be read; hence I fear that I have rather been deceived by some interpolator than found Hunibald’s true and certain meaning.

But let us pass on to what remains, since if Hunibald’s statement is true, it will have been well written by us; but if it is someone’s fiction, it will neither harm us nor do injury to the reader. There follows another fictitious alphabet found in Hunibald’s manuscript, to which this was inscribed:

The Alphabet of the Franks, which Doracus invented.

A Π F M ρ ζ q T φ Π b D h P n C r Δ w Π g Q i H n Ṗ s F ꝑ̄ Τ d E k A p η t X x Π c M l W ph b th X z Whoever wishes to use the characters written above should know that they must be written below the lines in the manner of the Greeks, not above as the Latins do. Likewise it must be observed that, of double letters, the first are written at the beginning and in the middle of words, but the second always at the end.

From the grammars of Otfrid, monk of Wissembourg.

We read that Charles, king of the Franks, surnamed the Great, taking pity on the barbarous condition of his nation, with Nanno, Theobald, Albinus, and Berenger as helpers, attempted to give rule to the German language. And although, as Turpin bears witness, he had begun so arduous a work, he did not complete it, being hindered by frequent incursions of wars; but, forestalled by death, he left it unfinished, nor did another arise after him who would recall care for this matter to mind. Otfrid, however, the already mentioned monk, formerly hearer and disciple of Rabanus of Fulda, under Louis the Pious, son of that Charles, having mastered that grammar, however imperfectly, wrote many things in our German language, which seem to sound forth the admirable gravity of a regular instruction. For he worked out many poems according to that same rule, in heroic and also elegiac meter; moreover he composed some things also in prose to Louis, king of Germany, son of Louis the Pious and brother of Emperor Lothar; also to Otgar, archbishop of Mainz, to the monks of Saint Gall, and to others. Having obtained fragments of this grammar, I too have extracted the present characters from many, lest they should perish entirely. It is established, with Otfrid as witness, that Charles devised several alphabets of his own, which his very extensive kingdom might use securely in secrets with individual prefects. From these, with Otfrid supplying the letters, we commit these few things.

𝔒 𝝁 𝔄 𝟐 𝏂 𝟑 𝓕 𝟖 𝓗 𝟙 𝓘 𝟚 𝓙 𝟛 𝓚 𝟜 𝓛 𝟝 𝓜 𝟞 𝓝 𝟟 𝓞 𝟠 𝓟 𝟡 𝓢 𝟢 𝓣 𝟣 𝓤 𝟤 𝓥 𝟦 𝓦 𝟧 𝓨 𝟧 𝓩 𝟧 𝓪 𝟧 𝓫 𝟧 𝓬 𝟧 𝓭 𝟧 𝓮 𝟧 𝓯 𝟧 𝓱 𝟧 𝓲 𝟧 𝓳 𝟧 𝓴 𝟧 𝓵 𝟧 𝓶 𝟧 𝓷 𝟧 𝓸 𝟧 𝓹 𝟧 𝓺 𝟧 𝓻 𝟧 𝓼 𝟧 𝓽 𝟧 𝓾 𝟧 𝓿 𝟧 a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z Charles the Great, king and most Christian emperor, fought for no less than thirty years with the Saxons, whom at last, overcoming them by the sword, he converted to the Christian faith. But fearing lest they should again apostatize from the faith, as they had done many times, he appointed certain secret inspectors, to whom he granted judicial power, who, traveling through all Saxony, were to inquire secretly and diligently concerning the faith and morals of the people; and whomever they found to have apostatized from the faith, robbers, adulterers, blasphemers, contemners of the church or of its priests and commands, or those [unclear] by notorious crimes the Christian disturbing the public [peace], or recalling or soliciting the people to paganism, they should without delay, by imperial and royal authority, hang them with a noose with impunity, or otherwise kill them as they could. And so that this institution might remain perpetually unshaken, he gave the same men the power of substituting also others, fit men under certain conditions, who, enjoying the aforesaid faculty, might with impunity exercise the office of inquiry and of death against the guilty. Finally he prescribed for them secret laws and hidden signs, together with a form of oath, by which they might proceed justly in judging and punishing, and, known mutually to themselves, might remain hidden from others, and might preserve perpetually in Saxon land the necessary judgment in greater secrecy. They also used certain alphabets among themselves for a time; these, however, at length fell entirely out of use. Yet the office of this sort of inquisition remains down to the present time, whose ministers are commonly called [felmeri?].

n a s b n s e y b x b v o p e s e x i et p q t p d x k x r t o t e x l h r t h f e t m s Although these characters do not appear sufficiently beautiful and elegant, nevertheless it has pleased me to join them with my aforesaid new inventions, for the honor and reverence of antiquity, since there is no one, even of slight industry, who cannot devise prettier ones for himself at his own discretion. Yet continued practice in writing will be able, by an easy correction, to amend this misshapen crookedness, and by frequent use to make it pleasing by habit. For no one, however learned or educated he may be, is a good writer in any language unless by long habit he has transformed the practice of writing into an art. Another also follows.

| theta | 2 | g | <3> n | o t | i b | psi h | 9 o | q̄ v | e | infinity i | x p | T X | d | tau k | H q | ꝯ y | r e | 8 l | V T | s z | chi F | lambda m | phi S | d w If anyone at his own discretion wishes to fashion a new alphabet for himself, let him know that two things especially must be observed, which nevertheless I do not always find preserved in the preceding examples. The first is that he form characters of easy drawing; and the simpler they are, the better they will be. The second is that he arrange the individual letters so that, when joined together into words, they present a beautiful and elegant appearance. I add a third, not promised: if you wish the writing to remain secret, make some letters of the alphabet double, after the manner of the Hebrews.

The alphabet of Hichus, ancient seer of the Franks.

| Omega | diamond | q̄ g | x m | h q | dagger o | delta b | v b | ṫ n | k r | cross w | alpha' e | phi i | r o | y Gamma | chi x | d ' | H k | E P | Y sc | X z | + c | X l | F ph | Y sch | ꝯ ch | lambda f | ⋉ m | ± vs | H t | ꝯl y This Hichus the Frank came with Marcomer from the borders of Scythia to the mouths of the Rhine in Germany, and, as a supplement to the German language, is said to have invented these characters, which seem to agree sufficiently with it in many respects. Pharamund also, king of the Franks in Germany, the forty-third after Marcomer, who had brought in the nation, died in the four hundred twenty-sixth year of the Lord’s Nativity; when he had sent his scouts through Gaul for the purpose of invading it, he ordered them to write in such characters as these.

Z A Z g N n m S t P b K h R o p v C c M i M P x x S d H k z q y y M e l L r h s I F Ae m T s xi io Besides that alphabet of the Northmen which we placed at the beginning of this sixth book, we have also found the one that follows written out in Bede, which we commend to letters.

A a X g pi n I t B b V h dagger o ḣ v P c L i N P Upsilon x Q d Y k ™ q Upsilon y H c L r P T z D f W m T s psi io From Latin letters also manifold alphabets are made, when either they are reduced to number according to the example which we transmitted in the preceding fifth book, or otherwise, in imitation of the Northmen, with Greek letters as well as our own, they provide a very secure method of communicating whatever we wish. Let us consequently set down, according to number, q iiij and the order of our usual alphabet, the letters themselves not altered in the usual way, and we shall have a secret and mystical mode of writing, quite fine and pleasing, confirmed by practice. This mode of numbering is different from the one which we set down in the fifth book, and more suitable to the purpose.

| a 1 | b 2 | c 3 | d 4 | e 5 | f 6 | g 7 | h 8 | i 9 | k 10 | l 11 | m 12 | n 13 | o 14 | p 15 | q 16 | r 17 | s 18 | t 19 | v 20 | x 21 | y 22 | z 23 | a 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 | 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 | 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 | 410 | 420 | 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 | 490 | 500 | 510 | 520 | 530 | 540 | 550 | 560 | 570 | 580 | 590 | 600 | 610 | 620 | 630 | 640 | 650 | 660 | 670 | 680 | 690 | 700 | 710 | 720 | 730 | 740 | 750 | 760 | 770 | 780 | 790 | 800 | 810 | 820 | 830 | 840 | 850 | 860 | 870 | 880 | 890 | 900 | 910 | 920 | 930 | 940 | 950 | 960 | 970 | 980 | 990 | 1000 | 1010 | 1020 | 1030 | 1040 | 1050 | 1060 | 1070 | 1080 | 1090 | 1100 | 1110 | 1120 | 1130 | 1140 | 1150 | 1160 | 1170 | 1180 | 1190 | 1200 | 1210 | 1220 | 1230 | 1240 | 1250 | 1260 | 1270 | 1280 | 1290 | 1300 | 1310 | 1320 | 1330 | 1340 | 1350 | 1360 | 1370 | 1380 | 1390 | 1400 | 1410 | 1420 | 1430 | 1440 | 1450 | 1460 | 1470 | 1480 | 1490 | 1500 | 1510 | 1520 | 1530 | 1540 | 1550 | 1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640 | 1650 | 1660 | 1670 | 1680 | 1690 | 1700 | 1710 | 1720 | 1730 | 1740 | 1750 | 1760 | 1770 | 1780 | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 | 2060 | 2070 | 2080 | 2090 | 2100 | 2110 | 2120 | 2130 | 2140 | 2150 | 2160 | 2170 | 2180 | 2190 | 2200 | 2210 | 2220 | 2230 | 2240 | 2250 | 2260 | 2270 | 2280 | 2290 | 2300 | 2310 | 2320 | 2330 | 2340 | 2350 | 2360 | 2370 | 2380 | 2390 | 2400 | 2410 | 2420 | 2430 | 2440 | 2450 | 2460 | 2470 | 2480 | 2490 | 2500 | 2510 | 2520 | 2530 | 2540 | 2550 | 2560 | 2570 | 2580 | 2590 | 2600 | 2610 | 2620 | 2630 | 2640 | 2650 | 2660 | 2670 | 2680 | 2690 | 2700 | 2710 | 2720 | 2730 | 2740 | 2750 | 2760 | 2770 | 2780 | 2790 | 2800 | 2810 | 2820 | 2830 | 2840 | 2850 | 2860 | 2870 | 2880 | 2890 | 2900 | 2910 | 2920 | 2930 | 2940 | 2950 | 2960 | 2970 | 2980 | 2990 | 3000 | 3010 | 3020 | 3030 | 3040 | 3050 | 3060 | 3070 | 3080 | 3090 | 3100 | 3110 | 3120 | 3130 | 3140 | 3150 | 3160 | which, as we said above, the Normans once made for themselves from Greek letters; with it, if the necessary diligence is observed, you will safely write to a friend who knows the invention whatever you wish for the time. Let us add also another, which we judge safer.

| a | o | g | t | n | c | t | m | | b | p | h | y | o | a | v | M | | c | q | i | v | p | u | x | e | | d | r | k | w | q | z | y& | | | e | i | l | x | r | g | 3 | n | | f | s | m | z | s | w | N | | Although in the Latin language we have no need of k, y, and w, nevertheless, because we use k and w in German, we have extended this alphabet also to the twenty-fourth number, so that it too may be prolonged. This mode of writing also can be varied in many ways at pleasure. uiꝰ mgocꝝuaꝯvqvaciʒ xvmmigogMʒ M m rvqmMʒiꝰm vcugiqiricmvPmꝰ, according to the will of every writer.

There follows another alphabet of Honorius, surnamed the Theban, by whose service he concealed his follies in magic, as Peter of Abano testifies in his greater fourth book.

[unclear]

N B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z I K l m n o p q r s t u v x y z R U g m y m y m o x i T s c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q n J A b c d e f g h I k l m n o P Q R S T V X Y Z I have found also another alphabet, newly devised by a certain alchemist, which he was accustomed to use for hiding his secrets, forming a great estimate of his art, which contains little in itself besides words. For alchemy is loved by very many; she is chaste.

O a O g O n O t b ♀ b ♦ h ♦ m o ♦ ♠ ♩ c ☉ c ☉ i ☉ u p ♣ ♧ ♪ d ♦ d ♦ k ♦ ♦ ♥ ♦ ♡ ♢ e ♦ e ♦ l ♦ ♦ ♦ ♤ ♦ ♥ f ♦ f ♦ m ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♧ ♨ ♩ Alchemy has many domestic attendants, who guard their mistress with perpetual vigilance and put themselves forward under her name, so that they may preserve her forever untouched from intercourse with so many importunate lovers. Vanity, fraud, deceitfulness, deception, sophisticating, greed, lying confidence, foolishness, want, poverty, despair, flight, outlawry, and beggary are the handmaids of alchemy; while pretending that their mistress is loved, they guard her inviolate, and gladly prostitute themselves to the moneyed, avaricious, greedy, and silly seekers of her.

R

On the signs and wonderful, but excessively laborious, method of writing of Marcus Tullius Cicero, and afterwards of Saint Cyprian, bishop and martyr.

Marcus Tullius Cicero, the eloquent orator of the Romans, wrote a book of signs of no small size. Saint Cyprian, bishop of Carthage and martyr, enlarged it with many signs and words, adding terms necessary for Christian uses, so that the work itself became useful not only to pagans, but much more also to the faithful.

The manuscript is rare; I have found it only once, and bought it at a cheap price. For when, in the year of the Lord's nativity 1496, I was examining many libraries out of love for books, I found the aforesaid manuscript in a certain monastery of our order, neglected because of its extreme age, cast away under dust and contempt. I asked the abbot, a doctor of law, at what price he valued it. He answered: he would prefer to it the little works of Saint Anselm, recently printed. I went to the booksellers, since the matter happened in a metropolitan city, and bought the requested little works of Anselm for one sixth of a florin; I gave them to the abbot, with the monks rejoicing, and freed the manuscript, which had already nearly been brought to destruction. For they had resolved, out of love for the parchment, that it should immediately be scraped.

Almost two years after this, I rode to Strasbourg on business of my order, and, being admitted by Johannes Keisersberg, the distinguished preacher of the place, into the library of the cathedral church, I found a psalter written wholly in the same signs of Tullius and Cyprian, and most handsomely written with golden capitals. But an inscription had been placed on the outside by someone ignorant of the mystery, as follows: “Psalter in the Armenian language.” I brought in a scholar, showed the falsity, and advised that it should be rewritten thus: “Psalter written in Ciceronian signs.” Whether he did so or not I am uncertain, because I did not afterwards return to that library. So that you may see, reader, the form of Cicero's notation, we have decided to append a few signs.

[unclear]

Vī = approves; W = modest; ʒ = epistle 21 = approves; h = immodest; b = letter V = wicked; M = moderate; ḣ = letters V = upright; In = immoderate; syllable V̄ = uprightness; M = suitable; t = time A = wickedness; D = unsuitable; p = through time B = probable; T = accommodates; g = the same time N = rejects; T = excessively; r = temporal M = measure; H = greatly; V = extemporaneous M = measure; M = in what manner; Y = man This method of writing requires great memory and an altogether immense labor of reading, since any character signifies either an entire word, or a final syllable, or some part of speech suitable for the composition of the whole. Therefore, omitting all the signs, let us draw an alphabet from a few: W = a; X = c; F = k; [unclear] = o; [unclear] = s; [unclear] = y U = b; A = f; N = l; P = m; ph = z X = bb; G = [unclear]; [unclear] = m; PP = t; [unclear] = ph V = c; W = g; N = L; q = v; [unclear] = th Λ = cc; W = h; U = n; ψ = r; w = fp ν = d; Ψ = I; Λ = n; X = rr; x = st Many other new alphabets could also be formed from the signs of Cicero; we leave their extraction to the judgment of anyone who wishes to undertake it. For the book is abundant, and contains many signs notably differing from one another, all of which serve writers.

a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u x z y ω α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν π ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ This was the alphabet of Iaimiel, great king of the Artici, surnamed Megalopis, a very wise man, which he used in secret matters; it too can be altered in many ways. To it we also, out of love for our prince, have appended this one, in which writing, when more frequently used over time, will become easier.

a b c d e f g ἡ k l m n Ω H ϒ G L Θ C T Λ Π H O P Q R S sch t th v X Y Z ω ϖ

How, also by numbers and in many other various ways, we can safely write any secrets whatever.

These things are childish, I admit, since each person, according to his own capacity and judgment, can devise more and more elegant alphabets than we have recorded in this volume. Therefore we knowingly omit many things which, for a similar reason, are childish and we judge [it] to be of little usefulness. We fear that someday we shall be ashamed to have applied our mind to these trifles, while more useful matters were left aside. But, I pray, the readers will forgive me; for my own inclination indeed drew me back from these childish studies, not to say [unclear], vain ones, but the insistence of certain friends compelled me to write them, to whom I neither could nor ought to deny this without injury to the bond contracted. Nevertheless, led by their entreaty, I also had to join the following little chapter to the preceding ones, and to place numbers in place of letters. The ancients established various and multiple modes of writing by means of figures of numbers, by which, for subtle discovery, they safely transmitted their secrets to one another. Therefore, persuaded by the prayers of friends, we have placed at the end of this sixth book a few methods out of many, by which a way to knowledge of others may lie open to those who do not know them. For if anyone takes pleasure in knowing these things, he will easily be able, once these are known, to climb to higher things, and to vary the discovered methods in manifold alternation according to his own judgment. As a beginning for this matter we have placed a table beneath the figure, which, varied [unclear], will contain in itself an alphabet in the form of a cross, ninety-six.

The numerical circle in place of letters.

A b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u x y z w w 3 y x u t s r q p o n m l k i b g f e d c b A A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 E 10 F 11 G 12 H 13 I 14 K 15 L 16 M 17 N 18 O 19 P 20 Q 21 R 22 S 23 T 24 U 25 V 26 W 27 X 28 Y 29 Z 30 W 31 A 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 E 36 F 37 G 38 H 39 I 40 K 41 L 42 M 43 N 44 O 45 P 46 Q 47 R 48 S 49 T 50 U 51 V 52 W 53 X 54 Y 55 Z 56 A 57 W 58 A 59 B 60 C 61 D 62 E 63 F 64 G 65 H 66 I 67 K 68 L 69 M 70 N 71 O 72 P 73 Q 74 R 75 S 76 T 77 U 78 V 79 W 80 X 81 Y 82 Z 83 B 84 W 85 B 86 A 87 C 88 D 89 E 90 F 91 G 92 H 93 I 94 K 95 L 96 M 97 N 98 O 99 P 100 Q 101 R 102 S 103 T 104 U 105 V 106 W 107 X 108 Y 109 Z 110 C 111 W 112 C 113 A 114 D 115 E 116 F 117 G 118 H 119 I 120 K 121 L 122 M 123 N 124 O 125 P 126 Q 127 R 128 S 129 T 130 U 131 V 132 W 133 X 134 Y 135 Z 136 D 137 W 138 D 139 A 140 E 141 F 142 G 143 H 144 I 145 K 146 L 147 M 148 N 149 O 150 P 151 Q 152 R 153 S 154 T 155 U 156 V 157 W 158 X 159 Y 160 Z 161 E 162 W 163 E 164 A 165 F 166 G 167 H 168 I 169 K 170 L 171 M 172 N 173 O 174 P 175 Q 176 R 177 S 178 T 179 U 180 V 181 W 182 X 183 Y 184 Z 185 F 186 W 187 F 188 A 189 G 190 H 191 I 192 K 193 L 194 M 195 N 196 O 197 P 198 Q 199 R 200 S 201 T 202 U 203 V 204 W 205 X 206 Y 207 Z 208 G 209 W 210 G 211 A 212 H 213 I 214 K 215 L 216 M 217 N 218 O 219 P 220 Q 221 R 222 S 223 T 224 U 225 V 226 W 227 X 228 Y 229 Z 230 H 231 W 232 H 233 A 234 I 235 K 236 L 237 M 238 N 239 O 240 P 241 Q 242 R 243 S 244 T 245 U 246 V 247 W 248 X 249 Y 250 Z 251 I 252 W 253 I 254 A 255 J 256 K 257 L 258 M 259 N 260 O 261 P 262 Q 263 R 264 S 265 T 266 U 267 V 268 W 269 X 270 Y 271 Z 272 J 273 W 274 J 275 A 276 K 277 L 278 M 279 N 280 O 281 P 282 Q 283 R 284 S 285 T 286 U 287 V 288 W 289 X 290 Y 291 Z 292 K 293 W 294 K 295 A 296 L 297 M 298 N 299 O 300 P 301 Q 302 R 303 S 304 T 305 U 306 V 307 W 308 X 309 Y 310 Z 311 L 312 W 313 L 314 A 315 M 316 N 317 O 318 P 319 Q 320 R 321 S 322 T 323 U 324 V 325 W 326 X 327 Y 328 Z 329 M 330 W 331 M 332 A 333 N 334 O 335 P 336 Q 337 R 338 S 339 T 340 U 341 V 342 W 343 X 344 Y 345 Z 346 N 347 W 348 N 349 A 350 O 351 P 352 Q 353 R 354 S 355 T 356 U 357 V 358 W 359 X 360 Y 361 Z 362 O 363 W 364 O 365 A 366 P 367 Q 368 R 369 S 370 T 371 U 372 V 373 W 374 X 375 Y 376 Z 377 P 378 W 379 P 380 A 381 Q 382 R 383 S 384 T 385 U 386 V 387 W 388 X 389 Y 390 Z 391 Q 392 W 393 Q 394 A 395 R 396 S 397 T 398 U 399 V 400 W 401 X 402 Y 403 Z 404 R 405 W 406 R 407 A 408 S 409 T 410 U 411 V 412 W 413 X 414 Y 415 Z 416 S 417 W 418 S A b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z ...

We have not expanded the orchemata, for a reason that moved us: because, since with its progression it ranges farther afield, the immense labor has frightened the mind. We have also deliberately passed over unity, not assigning it a place, since we judge it rash to set it in order before our inventions. For from those things which we have already shown by way of example, one who is fit in understanding will easily attain greater things. All things serve secrets.

The second table of anomalous expansion.

A 24 A3 4 A51 A67 A89 A1011 b3 23 b45 b63 b78 b910 b1112 c4 22 c56 c72 c89 c1011 c1213 ... w1 1 w2627 w2825 w2930 w3132 w3334 Whoever wishes to observe the rule of the orchema will have an easy and ready method alike of writing and of reading the things that are secret. But whoever transgresses the norm of the art will have labor along with his wish.

r iij V Y II ♉ ♌ ☾ ♐ ♒ A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 b 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 b 11 b 12 ... z 32 z 33 w 33 w 34 To each of the twelve divisions of the zodiac we have assigned individual alphabets by numbers, so that the sign of Aries, for a, has the numerical cipher 6; ♐, 7; II, 8; of Cancer, 9; ♋, 10; [unclear], 11; and so throughout the whole alphabet.

V Y II ☾ ♐ ♒ a 12 b 13 c 14 d 15 e 16 f 17 g 18 h 19 i 20 k 21 l 22 m 23 n 24 o 25 p 26 q 27 r 28 s 29 t 30 u 31 v 32 x 33 y 34 z 35 A 36 B 37 C 38 D 39 E 40 F 41 G 42 H 43 I 44 J 45 K 46 L 47 M 48 N 49 O 50 P 51 Q 52 R 53 S 54 T 55 U 56 V 57 W 58 X 59 Y 60 Z 61 a 62 b 63 c 64 d 65 e 66 f 67 g 68 h 69 i 70 j 71 k 72 l 73 m 74 n 75 o 76 p 77 q 78 r 79 s 80 t 81 u 82 v 83 w 84 x 85 y 86 z 87 Aa 88 Ba 89 Ca 90 Da 91 Ea 92 Fa 93 Ga 94 Ha 95 Ia 96 Ja 97 Ka 98 La 99 Ma 100 Na 101 Pa 102 Ra 103 Sa 104 Ta 105 Ua 106 Va 107 Wa 108 Za 109 Ba 110 Ca 111 Da 112 Ea 113 Fa 114 Ga 115 Ha 116 Ia 117 Ja 118 Ka 119 La 120 Ma 121 Na 122 Pa 123 Ra 124 Sa 125 Ta 126 Ua 127 Va 128 Wa 129 Za 130 Ba 131 Ca 132 Da 133 Ea 134 Fa 135 Ga 136 Ha 137 Ia 138 Ja 139 Ka 140 La 141 Ma 142 Na 143 Pa 144 Ra 145 Sa 146 Ta 147 Ua 148 Va 149 Wa 150 Za In this figure we have placed the individual alphabets of the remaining six signs by numbers, just as they appear set beneath the letters of the Latins in order, so that whoever wishes through them may veil his mysteries more securely.

r iiij The sixth and last book of our Polygraphy we have, by God’s mercy, brought to its close. In it, concluding our discourse with the wandering stars, we warn the reader in certain points. First, that as often as he uses an alphabet, he should prudently add the character or mark of some sign or planet, for the sake of a twofold usefulness. For by this means excessive labor is removed from the friendly reader, and the mystery will remain secret, since anyone ignorant of the craft, seeing a table written with numbers and marked beforehand with the characters of signs or planets, will think that it pertains to the method of astronomy, and will suspect that no mystery at all lies hidden. For this reason we have not begun [unclear] with the official letters, but from a distance, lest we give anyone occasion for suspicion. Nevertheless prudence must be used by writers, since an astute reader who is touched by suspicion of something hidden, if he detects the function of one number, will easily compute the whole alphabet.

Second, let anyone who desires to be a shrewd practitioner of this matter remember that whenever in any word a letter is doubled, as often happens, it should be written only once and marked above with a point. For example, I wish to write “Ioannes” from the alphabet of Aries: I do not duplicate 18, which is n, but write thus, 14. 19. 6. 18. 10. 23., “ioanes,” “abas,” so that every sign of suspicion may be removed. In similar cases similar caution must be exercised; for unless the practitioner is endowed with skill, and knows that greater things are to be found from small ones, he will not be a fit person to whom these very small matters of ours ought to be revealed. Not everything is to be communicated indiscriminately to everyone, especially things whose use can be turned to good and to evil. Moved reasonably by this consideration, we have plainly handed down in these six books of the Polygraphy many things to those who wish to know them, but we have allowed far more secrets to lie hidden beneath things manifest. Finally, we have written a key that lays open the whole work, showing how each metaphor is to be understood; yet by the counsel of certain men we have ordered it to remain hidden, so that studious persons may not lack material for exercising their memory, and that the cause of knowing it may be taken away from the wicked, who are not willing to use it well. In each passage many mysteries lie hidden, and the greater the things you discover from these, the more ample are those that remain to be found.

A way is prepared for beginners; for those who advance in it, it will not be difficult, in the course of time, to discover many rare and very great things. Here he who did not know how will learn to write Latin, and prudently to wrap all the mysteries of his will in a foreign language. But so that the ignorant man may be able to understand not only his own mysteries which he wraps up, but also open speech of which he has until now always been ignorant, the matter is not one of great labor, if the paraphrast has fully followed our intention in this volume. For beneath the bark lie the kernels of our Steganography, buried by just reason, lest they lie open to unworthy babblers. Finally it was worth the trouble that one work should not prejudice the other, but that its own right should be distributed to each unimpaired.

We, weary after a long voyage, here cast anchor in the sea under the name of JESUS CHRIST, the savior of the faithful, on the twenty-first day of the month of March, in the year of the Lord’s nativity 1508, in the eleventh indiction of the Romans, at [Paeapolis?], a city of the eastern Franks, which they call Würzburg, Herbipolis.

The end of the sixth book of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot at St. James in Würzburg, formerly of Sponheim, of the order of the divine father Benedict, is here.

Printed at the cost and expense of the most upright bookseller Johannes Haselberg of Aia, of the diocese of Constance, in the year 1518, in the month of July.

[unclear]

The Key of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of St. James at Würzburg, formerly of Sponheim, of the Order of Saint Benedict, of the observance of the Bursfelde fathers.

With privilege that it is not to be printed or sold by another for ten years, under penalty as stated in the letters.

Johannes Trithemius 83

Preface to the explanation of the whole work of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of Saint James of Würzburg.

I trust that no one who reads these things will judge me either arrogant or superfluous because I myself have written a commentary on the Polygraphy recently composed by me, especially if he has been able to weigh precisely what reason induced us to speak obscurely. For whatever can do harm when made public had reasonably to be concealed in mystical language. But the subject that we treat in the Polygraphy is, for the advantage of the commonwealth among good men, very good, useful, and honorable; and for that reason, persuaded by a reasonable cause, we wrote it, so that by its service we might make good men safe and secure from the investigation of the wicked when they communicate their secrets to one another. But lest an opportunity be offered to the wicked and perverse, who even more frequently misuse good inventions, to deceive the simpler and those less cautious in judging matters, we handed down in it mystical or hidden methods of writing, and covered the truth lying hidden in the marrow with certain coverings of figures. Yet we do not at all doubt that any industrious man, eager with desire for these things, will easily grasp everything, if he applies even a modest persistence in searching them out. For the things I have handed down are neither so difficult nor enveloped in such great mysteries that they cannot be wholly penetrated by a studious man. For everywhere we have so tempered the riddles of our words that they may easily be accessible to learned and studious men, and nevertheless remain inaccessible to sluggish children of darkness. But after it pleased me to offer the very work of the Polygraphy, dedicated, to the most serene and most unconquered Caesar of the Romans, Maximilian, ever august emperor of the world, I thought it would be worthwhile if, with a few brief explanations, I should make it clear open, lest the mind of his sacred majesty, which is daily stretched by many affairs and cares, be drawn back from understanding it by the obscurity of the mysteries. For unless my opinion deceives me, the work will be the more pleasing and useful to his majesty the shorter and clearer it is. First, therefore, with the Lord’s granting, we shall briefly explain the meaning of our proposal, which in the prologue is contained wrapped in various enigmas; then, through the individual books of the Polygraphy, we shall succinctly unfold, according to the powers of our talent, the methods of working, the rules, cautions, and differences, in the order in which they stand as necessary. All these things, so that they may more quickly become accessible to those who desire to know, we shall show one by one through examples, and we shall be as brief as the reasoning of the matter permits.

Key to the Explanation of the Polygraphy of Johannes Trithemius, [Paeapolitan?] Abbot.

Exposition on the Prologue.

Our whole intention in the entire work of the Polygraphy turns upon this proposition: that we should hand down certain methods of writing secretly, by which kings, princes, nobles and commoners, priests and laymen, the learned together with the unlearned, may secretly, safely, and without any suspicion of a hidden secret, communicate to one another, and to any friends, even those far distant from one another, by the service of letters, whatever conception of their minds they need, as often as there is need. And lest we seem to have presumed to be either the first or the only ones to do this, we give notice beforehand that many of the ancients long ago, especially tyrants, princes, and kings, moved by a similar consideration, devised for themselves familiar and various methods and canons of writing, by which they themselves attempted in particular what we have promised universally in our Polygraphy. From their number we first introduced, for the sake of the proposed example, Caesar Augustus; take his secret method of writing as thus [unclear].

Mystery. He changed the breathings of conceived speech, with [unclear] excluded, into obscure things; their barbarousness, resisting his wishes, he makes obedient to his nod by a certain fine invention, the scheme of transposition.

Explanation. That is: the great Caesar Augustus, in order to write secretly and safely what he wished, changed the letters of the alphabet by varied transposition, so that he put b for a, c for b, and so consequently for each. And so that the writing might remain more twisted and more secret, at his own discretion he transposed the letters breadthwise and lengthwise, at any distance of order, number, and place.

Mystery. And this receptive order, as though perpetual, subject to the will and to the reckoning of time, although it preserves messengers safe on the road from the attack of the [Bacuceans?], nevertheless, since it has no regulated bounds, makes all who encounter it anxious with suspicion of a hidden thing.

Explanation. Although no one can easily grasp with the understanding the secret mystery lying hidden under the transposition of letters, nevertheless this writing makes those into whose hands it comes suspicious about the hiding place of the thing enclosed.

Mystery. Archimedes, that Syracusan, easily the foremost of mathematicians, a white bird suited to his devices, bare through head and feet, etc.

Explanation. Archimedes had two little rods of one length and thickness planed round or square; one of them he kept for himself, the other he entrusted to his absent friend. And as often as one wished to write something more secret to the other, he wound the white bird, that is, a strip of papyrus of small width but of twice the rod’s length, around the wood and fastened it with wax below and above. Afterwards he wrote on the strip, along the sides, continuously upon what had been artfully joined together into a mass, whatever he wished; then he loosened the strip from the rod, and at once so great a distance appeared between the letters that not even one word cohered with another. He turned the strip when he wished; on the other side he wrote likewise. Nor was there anyone ignorant of this device who could have discovered the secret. But the man who had the other rod, when he had received the strip, attached it and restored the letters to their former order.

Mystery. Marcus Tullius Cicero, the eloquent orator of the Romans, using art with talent, changed the minute parts of phrase into signs, etc.

Explanation. He wrote a book of signs for his son, which the blessed martyr Cyprian afterwards enlarged for the use of Christians, namely in the form of a dictionary.

where, in due order, the characters or signs are first set down, and after them the words designated by those same characters, so that each word is signified by the sign placed before it. With these signs or characters we once saw an entire Latin psalter, beautifully written, in the library of the greater church of Strasbourg. Some ignorant judge of such matters had put this title on the outside: “A Psalter in the Armenian language.” But he was mistaken, since it should rather have been written thus: “A Latin psalter written in Tullian characters.” For each character represents one whole Latin word. Nor is my judgment deceived, since I possess the very dictionary of Cicero, corrected by Saint Cyprian, written complete and uncorrupted in an ancient volume, which I have seen nowhere else. So great, indeed, is the abundance of signs or characters, with the words assigned to them, that they are entirely sufficient for writing in the Latin tongue whatever you wish.

Mystery. Faramundus, the forty-third from Marcomer, king of the Franks, when in the year of the Lord’s nativity 424 he entered the borders of Gaul [unclear] and powerfully, etc.

Explanation. The kings of the Franks, from the time when, in the year 430 before the birth of Christ, they left the Scythian borders with their people and settled at the mouths of the Rhine, where Guelders now is, waged continual war with the Gauls for almost nine hundred years, and at last violently made them subject to themselves, as we have written in the first volume of our Annals. Of these kings Faramundus, the aforementioned king, in order to send messengers safely through the kingdom, devised new letters proper to himself, which no one could know without his voluntary instruction. Nor did he use one alphabet only, nor a few, but many new alphabets.

Mystery. Clodius Crinitus, son of Faramundus and afterward king of the Franks, who subjected all Gaul to himself after the Romans, whom he found there, had been destroyed, used his father’s inventions in secret writings.

Explanation. This king fashioned alphabets of his own, new ones, and handed one to each of his dukes, while he alone retained with himself the knowledge of them all.

Mystery. Charles, surnamed the Great, the sixty-third king of the Franks, who was the first of the Franks to wear the Roman diadem of empire, etc.

Explanation. This man, the elder son of King Pippin, is read to have been born in Brabant, in the county of Namur, bordering on Liege, although someone asserts that he was born in the village of Ingelheim not far from Mainz. He too discovered various modes of writing, and, with Nanno the grammarian supplying assistance, devised different alphabets, by which he communicated secrets to the individual prefects of the kingdom in a singular fashion.

Mystery. The Northmen, who long ago came out from Gothia and its borders, when they were devastating Gaul with a cruel invasion, having been summoned from Greece, prepared a safe hiding place for [unclear] with owls for secrets, etc.

Explanation. The Northmen, ravaging Gaul, as Bede the monk in England bears witness, in order that they might safely write their secrets among themselves, set Greek numerical letters under the Latin letters, from a, the first, up to the twenty-fourth point, such as w, or gu, according to the custom of the Gauls. This mode of writing is altogether very beautiful: in it all the letters are Greek, and according to numerical order they designate Latin letters in Pelasgian figures, as a, 1; b, 2; c, 3; d, 4; e, 5; f, 6; g, 7; and so successively up to w, which is 24. Neither a Greek nor a Latin will understand this writing, unless he has first learned the method by diligence and art.

Mystery. Our Bede, a monk in England, ignorant of the deeds of the Northmen, described many old inventions similar to these, by which they in turn made a clear mystery obscure. He himself [wrote] Artrology, etc.

Explanation. This Bede, the monk, in his little book on the inventions of the ancients, reviewed many and various noteworthy methods of writing secretly, by which he safely announced his secrets to friends, and by which those present spoke without voice. He was the first of all to commit artrology and dactylology to letters; by their use one person may very safely reveal to another whatever secret he wishes, which none of those standing by will notice, and much less understand. Bede himself taught that this could be done in many of these and other ways. Since we have written nothing about it in the Polygraphia, we rightly decline to say more of it here too. We long ago assigned this very matter, in its own place, to the Steganographia, which we do not yet intend to publish publicly. And who could set forth all the methods of secret writing used by the ancients? For some, in the service of the art, had familiar [spirits] set over owls, the Philophoti; others had the Misophoti; others summoned both into practice by art. Again, others, having been made known, transposed the letters of the common alphabet; others, under the guise of barbarians, fashioned their own characters for themselves. Again [unclear].

Others used the service of visible letters, writing with red lead or with common ink; but others formed invisible characters at their own discretion and command. The methods of visible characters for secret writing are exceedingly many and altogether innumerable, and to make mention of them all is neither our wish nor within our power. But of invisible characters there are three kinds more commonly used among mortals today. The first is called dermatic, by which writing is made on the back of messengers, visible only with liquids; no one can penetrate it who does not know the secret of the art. The second is called hyphasmatic, by which something is written on cloth with certain substances; when dry it cannot be seen at all until, moistened in cold water, it is perceived. The third kind is called alleotic; it is manifold and varied, both in form and in material, and has almost innumerable methods of writing secretly. Its writing is made on paper or without paper, with [unclear] and [unclear], with [unclear], [unclear], and other diverse things. Likewise letters are written in various ways and hidden also in places, such as under [unclear], under [unclear], in [unclear], in [unclear], [unclear], in [unclear], in [unclear], and in other threads almost infinite in number. But because none of these things serves our present purpose on this occasion, we must therefore hasten to the matters that reason requires. There is also another kind, dactylethron, not indeed of writing, but by signs, by which in most subtle ways one can communicate to another the conception of one’s mind. This too is varied by so many distinctions that there is no one in the world who could enumerate all the forms of so great a mystery. By the principal method, and by many others deriving from it, the practitioner, sitting at table or in any other place whatever, will be able safely, most securely, and without anyone’s suspicion, to communicate whatever you wish to one who knows the art. Finally, how you may by letters declare the secret of your mind to an absent person, even without the knowledge of the very man who performs the office of messenger, remains assigned to the discoveries of steganography. For indeed, since kings and princes encounter many affairs of which they do not at times trust that knowledge can be given with sufficient safety by ordinary letters to their deputies far away, it will be necessary for each of them to have certain special methods of writing and sending messages, by which they may most safely make known their secrets to friends, especially in these times, in which, as license to sin prevails, no safe trust is found in the world.

Now the messengers of princes are seized everywhere by savage robbers, despoiled, beaten, and very often killed; nor do wicked plunderers spare even the letters of kings, sealed and closed with rings. Therefore it would be necessary for your commonwealth, O most glorious Caesar Maximilian, that you put on the skin of Hercules and brandish the club in your hands, and purge the world for yourself, by God, of these savage monsters. He who disturbs the peace of the kingdom shows himself to be the enemy of the king. These are the robbers who beset the roads of travelers; they seize what belongs to others. The earth is full of them today, and nowhere is the road safe for those who walk.

Brief Explanation of Those Things Which Seem Rather Obscure in the First Book of the Polygraphy

Although nothing obscure is contained in the first book of the Polygraphy, nevertheless, lest its composition perhaps seem profound to the simpler, we shall briefly explain the things that are thought more difficult. We have distributed the words of the Latin language in order, more than nine thousand of them, under almost four hundred alphabets, in such a serial way that if from each alphabet only one after another has been taken from the beginning to the end, they will cohere with one another and will make a fitting Latin sentence. For it will be a suitable method of writing most secretly whatever we wish, since each word represents the letter placed before it at the head. And let it not trouble you, reader, that the multitude of words in the open contains a brief sense in secret, since there lies hidden in this childish arrangement of ours another, higher method of writing whatever you wish more broadly and much more secretly, which public reason has forbidden us to disclose to all. But whoever is endowed with intelligence and applies the necessary powers and resources to the inquiry will find subtler things among the hidden teachings in these matters, and will understand things wonderfully unknown before and plainly more wonderful. Nevertheless, this suitable method of writing will suffice for all things, since you can repeat it as often as you wish, and by frequent repetition the narrative is varied. For if, as we have said, from the first alphabet you take one word, and from the second likewise one, and so successively one from each, and also one from the interposed words outside the ordered line, until the period or the end of the book, and a sufficiently fitting Latin discourse will arise for you. But one must take care that at one time, all at once, no more than one word be taken from one alphabet, lest the writer, through negligence or excessive haste, pass over some alphabet and confuse the order of the narration. By “day” understand the open narration, but by “night” the hidden, concealed one, which is not made too long but brief. The paradigms that follow in the text, concerning the invisible soul and the body that is seen, pertain to both narrations, the hidden and the manifest. “As often as a leaf is moved by the wind,” and the rest: we advise that you count the secret narration in relation to the open one in such a way that both end together at the close of each period. But if anything remains over from the secret matter, let it be extended with such moderation that both narrations end at one point, lest confusion of the eclipse be produced. The other things that follow in the first lesson of the explanation of the Polygraphy are all implicitly referred to what we have said.

It should be noted, however, that under the order of the alphabets no word is empty, but each represents the letter set before it at the head. So that the reader may not lack perfect knowledge of this matter, let us explain by an example. Let us suppose the case that a wicked man seeks through you to be advanced with some friend of yours; but you, in order to cut off his importunate entreaties and yet not advance an unworthy man, decide to write more secretly to your friend through the man who is asking, so that he may not understand: “Beware of this man, because he is a thief, worthless, most wicked.” Go to the first alphabet; write the word that signifies C. In the second, “clemens,” which gives A; in the third, “discernens,” which represents V; in the fourth, “mundana,” signifying E. Now in the hidden narration you have: “Beware.” Proceed successively also through the other alphabets, and a discourse like this will emerge: “Conditor clemens discernens omnibus sanctis suis in caelis, amen. Mansuetudo gloriosissimi principis a sanctis ubique reverenter rememoranda, optimis praeceptis nos abiectissimos dormientes hortatur praesentia propter venerationem directoris bonorum derelinquere, gloriam perpetuae quietis omni affectu [unclear] expectare. Eruditione igitur [unclear] derisores accipite, [unclear] ad felicissima tripudia archangelorum remuneratoris orthodoxorum valeatis ingredi felicissime decori. Refugite igitur a spurcissimis honoribus huius peregrinationis, cum sitis ad iucunditates benigni salvatoris saeculorum beatissimas sanctissime ingressuri.”

In this public narration written above there is contained in secret this hidden sentence, namely: “Beware of this man, because he is a thief and worthless, most wicked; but be silent, I pray.” One must proceed in the same order in all other cases whatsoever, and begin from the head as often as necessary, until you have enclosed the hidden narration of your mystery in the manifest one. But the words that are placed outside the alphabetical order designate no letter, nor do they serve the hidden narration; they have been inserted because of a lack of synonyms, so that the sequence of the Latin discourse might be completed. For we could not always have so many words of the same meaning, especially among pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections, that we could have arranged an alphabet in place of the twenty-four roaming letters, as is clearly evident after the eighth alphabet, where we placed two words outside the order, lest we leave the discourse defective. For thus we put: “Cum omnibus”; and thus: “Cum universis.” Of these the writer may take the two he wishes, so that the Latin discourse may be completed. Let him do likewise in other cases, whenever he finds similar ones. We have adopted the double w because of our native speech, since in our German language we often need it. For whoever is ignorant of the Latin tongue may write his hidden secret in German under a Latin discourse without any difficulty.

Now follow the rules or cautions to be observed in the operation of this book.

The first rule or caution warns you that the secret of your mind which you wish to announce to an absent friend, one who knows the art and has the book of Polygraphy, you should write as carefully as you can on a sheet, in Latin or German, or in whatever other language you wish that can be comprised in Roman letters. Then place the paper so written before you, so that for each individual letter of the secret you may be able to fit a corresponding word suitably. For, as we have shown, in this practice of writing a whole word is taken. We gave an example a little earlier in what was set out above.

II. The second precaution instructs you, as has been said, not to take from any alphabet more than one word at a time in one narrative of public Latin discourse; otherwise you would confuse the open meaning and would entirely draw away from the understanding of the mystery the friend to whom you had written.

III. Third, one must take the utmost care not to skip through negligence any alphabet from which you do not take one word suited to the secret. Likewise one must provide that, whenever one or more words occur outside the series of the alphabet, you take the whole upper line, or the lower one, not both.

IV. Fourth, care must be taken that whenever the speech of the open discourse has been brought to a complete sentence, the next sentence should take its beginning from a larger, thickened letter, according to the form of the preceding example, in which, according to the sense of the Latin speech, we have taken large letters at the beginning and small letters in the rest, in the common manner. When the secret of your mind is lengthy, so that it exceeds the narrative of the open discourse, if much remains you should begin again from the beginning; if little remains, let the discourse be brought back at will from any place. For no one even slightly skilled in this art will be unable to know where you have begun again. Nor is there need to fear the harmony of the discourse, since the manifest narrative will always be varied with the hidden one; as often as one begins from the beginning, a new appearance of the speech will follow. The continuation can also be made from the end of the first book through the second.

V. Fifth, we advise that whenever you wish to write on a difficult matter by this paper, prepare for yourself a small booklet in which you write your secret mystery in manifest speech. Whoever sees or reads this booklet will think that no secret lies hidden, nor, even if he has suspicion, will he be able to discover any of the things that you write.

VI. Sixth, it should be noted: if, throughout the whole Polygraphia, you transpose the order of the words in each alphabet by changing it through metathesis, and write two volumes according to it, one for yourself and one for any friend, you will write between yourselves with the greatest security whatever you wish, and there lives no one on earth who can penetrate your secrets. This transposition, however, can be made in infinite ways.

VII. Seventh, we warn you beforehand that one must write polygraphically in one way to a man ignorant of Latin speech, and in another way to one skilled in it. For the former, all words must be written whole, without abbreviation, distinctly, completely, beautifully, and entirely legibly, without partition, without division, and without confusion, lest, being deceived, he think one to be two, or suppose two to be one. The things that are set down must be attended to.

VIII. Eighth, one must provide that the person to whom you write mystical things by this art should have a book exactly like yours in every respect; otherwise you would write vainly and fruitlessly to one who does not understand.

IX. Ninth, if you wish this art to remain forever secret and hidden, rewrite the Polygraphia anew, but do not set the letters of the alphabet before the words, and no one will easily suspect the method of the secret. But so that no difficulty may occur for the writer and the reader of the mystery, let the letters of the alphabet be written on a small sheet in the order corresponding to the words, and let a movable [unclear] be fitted to their headings. The letters can also be engraved on a copper plate, so that they may be moved from one order to another.

X. Tenth, it must be known that although we do not use the Pythagorean y in German and Latin words, nevertheless we have admitted it on account of the Greek language, so that we may have a doubled twelvefold set. Likewise we have adopted the doubled w as the twenty-fourth letter, which is altogether necessary for us in the German language.

XI. Eleventh, let the person who receives letters written from the Polygraphia to be read know that understanding is needed in the reading. And therefore, whenever he receives a paper or booklet written polygraphically, let him go to a secret place and, with the [book?] of the Polygraphia opened, consider the written words, and very diligently note with chalk on the table, or with ink on paper, what letter each one represents. And when he has gone through the whole letter in that way, let him compose the letters into words, and he will easily understand what has lain hidden in secret.

XII. Twelfth, let kings and princes note, who have many men in different places, [unclear] it is not safe. Therefore, so that they may have for each individual person their own secret manner of writing, let them change the order of the words as many times as [unclear].

they wished to have separately. And thus they themselves will possess all the modes of writing, and no one of their subjects will understand another’s mode. For there are infinite variable modes of writing more secretly in this art.

XIII. Thirteenth, it should be noted that, in order to stop the mouths of those who speak unjust things, we show that the truth of this new invention of ours is possible, placing the words in the alphabets of the first book so that they cohere with one another in such a way that, in the manner of an exhortation of supplication offered to God, they render a fitting and Latin prayer. Beneath the narrative of this prayer we can conceal whatever secrets occur to us, and write them in such a way to a friend skilled in the art that, if all the men of the whole world came together as one, they could never discover the secret lying hidden beneath the open discourse, provided it has been rightly arranged.

XIIII. Fourteenth, it must be known that in this very invention of our polygraphy there still lie hidden certain things far better than those prescribed above, namely how you will be able to instruct someone ignorant of the Latin language in a few days, not to say hours, so that he may know how to write, read, speak, and understand Latin, not indeed all things universally, but, according to a certain mode, whatever necessary matter may occur to him in his affairs on any subject. Likewise, how you may make known to your friend far away, who knows the method of the art, all the conceptions of your mind, securely, safely, and most secretly, without written messages and without the messenger knowing them, and sometimes even without a messenger, naturally and without any superstition, danger, or fear. But reason has moved us to let these things remain buried in their hiding-places, together with the rest, because it neither pleases me nor is at all advantageous to cast precious stones, once found, away, or to accomplish difficult things without the fruit of gratitude. Finally, there lie hidden beneath these things no small mysteries of subtlety concerning medicines, herbs, plants, precious stones, rivers, the members of the human body, brute animals, saints, nations, cosmography, astronomy, the seven liberal arts, and also all things that are held in human use; concerning the universal world, both of visible and of invisible things. And, lest we be more prolix than is proper, all things that are in the world, shown beforehand through the enlargement of likeness, serve the mystical teaching of the art of polygraphy.

XV. Fifteenth, note that all these inventions which we have handed down in the Polygraphy are certain small introductions in comparison with those which still remain to be discovered and written in this same faculty; concerning these we pass over in silence, lest we seem to boast vainly. For we have given to ingenious men cause for discovering greater things than we have either written or perhaps been able to discover. Let him who can add, for the completion of this invention, the things which he knows to be useful; but let him who cannot do so not rashly judge what he does not understand.

Explanation of those things which seemed more obscure in the second book of the Polygraphy.

In the second book of the Polygraphy, apart from the order and sequence of the words, nothing new is handed down from the first; and therefore one and the same method of working will apply in both. All the things which we said must be observed in the first, we diligently warn must also be observed in the second. In the narrative of the prayer alone a manifest difference is seen to have arisen, since the former is composed concerning our Lord, the Son of God, but the latter is raised to his mother, the ever-untouched virgin. In the second book, however, there are three hundred and eight alphabets set before the words in order, though under different subjects. For from the beginning the narrative of the discourse is directed to that lady of ours; afterward the Lord’s Prayer is expanded under twenty-four alphabets; then the angelic salutation is appended; consequently the Salve Regina; and last, a brief prayer concerning holy Anna, mother of the Virgin Mary, mother of God. In all the books of the Polygraphy one must beware that a single word not be doubled in any alphabetical order, that is, that it not be placed twice, nor that any be omitted, because it would create great confusion for the reader. Therefore the greatest care must be taken that the copies be corrected in every respect and emended exactly, lest you, in writing, fall into error. But if, through the negligence of the scribe or the carelessness of the printer, you find some word duplicated under one alphabet, erase the last and put in its place another suitable one, which has not previously occurred in the same alphabet. Know also that these two books of our Polygraphy sufficiently serve the promised operation; through them not only may you write most safely and most securely to friends whatever you wish at any time and you will be able to announce it, but also, without any suspicion, to make one who is wholly ignorant of Latin speech, provided only that he knows how to form letters, a participant in and instructed in this art, which we believe was previously unheard of in such a manner. But because this method of writing secretly under a long narrative of open discourse contains rather few sentences of hidden intent, it will perhaps therefore be usable only in great and difficult matters, especially among those who like leisure and dislike labor. We shall therefore give, in the four following books, easier methods of writing, though indeed, when looked at, they are not wholly free from suspicion, because they elude the understanding of very many. But in the Steganographia the methods of writing most secretly and without any suspicion are richer, where a word does not represent a letter, but one whole word represents another whole word suited to the mystery. Let us set down an example of this matter: if you wish to warn a friend of some impending danger under such a narrative of words: Melancius, Tiberius, John, and Peter, servants of the count of [aloto], have conspired to kill you, and on the fourth day after Lawrence’s day, at night, they will surround your house; consider what you should do. Steganography thus veils this secret: I beg you, dearest friend, to send me by the bearer of the present letter ten florins as a loan, because they are very necessary to me for the construction of a certain building; I shall faithfully repay them to you. Who would seek or suspect that this secret lay hidden in the discourse written above? Let us set down the same thing also under another narrative: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, who willed to become man for us, to suffer, and to die, have mercy on me, an unworthy sinner, now and in the terrible hour of my death. Behold, now you have one hidden sentence of your heart in two narratives, veiled within the bounds of steganography, in brief but faithful discourse, by which the whole method can not even be suspected, nor, if one should seek for a hundred years, could it be found [unclear], even if all the learned came together. Finally, steganography teaches you to hide this very secret sentence of your heart not only in one or two written narratives, but in almost infinite ones, by the method already mentioned, and to announce it to whomever you wish most safely, most secretly, and most securely. All methods of this sort can also be changed by metathesis into infinite [unclear], and all things can be written and announced through them. But why the work of the Steganographia remains buried in silence has been said sufficiently at the beginning of our Polygraphia; therefore it did not have to be repeated here. Let it lie hidden, then, lest it be seen by the ungrateful.

Obscure Explanation of the Things Contained in the Third Book of Our Polygraphia

In the third book of the Polygraphia we have handed down a newly devised method of writing secretly, quite secure and safe indeed, but, to all who look at it, suspect because of the hidden secret. For no one, however learned, will discover the hidden mystery without knowledge of the tradition, since he cannot understand even the open writing. We have arranged fictitious words, signifying nothing in themselves, but representing only the letters of the alphabet set before them, through which you may write and make known all the secrets of your mind to a friend most securely, however absent he may be. But the unskilled, ignorant of the art, when they have seen the writing, will think it is some foreign language; they will be wholly ignorant of what it contains. But when you wish to write or announce something to an absent person by the method of this book, take care first of all that you distinguish every single word properly from the others, so that each one can be very clearly discerned from another, lest the person to whom you write take one for two, or two for one, because that would give birth to a great error. Let us set down an example of this matter.

Abrin madon badis, cadulur pasu, adin loroff masara damis, boda omodromi drus uares mastron pha lares medas rassut mandebor tara, mesen baiu phosat, galos, prosol fane lemoros, aroso cabilneso, hamol heliet rhamil fesia doron hubur rodex. In this narrative of fictitious speech is contained this brief sentence of a secret: a friend warning a friend about danger. Do not come to court, because the king is angry with you. You see how easy, safe, and secure this method is for writing and announcing whatever you wish to a friend who understands it. In all cases, however, you should know that care must be taken, as was said before, that you do not take more than one word from any alphabet, nor again skip over any alphabet. As often as a narrative

[unclear] of the contrived discourse to the end of the book, before the secret of your mind has yet been completed, you should begin again from the beginning, and do this as often as necessary. Nevertheless anyone may, at his own discretion, change these words of ours, improve them, and add more, provided however that he avoids a consonance breaking out awkwardly into words.

Explanation of the fourth book of our Polygraphia.

[unclear]

In the fourth book of the Polygraphia we have in like manner placed, in alphabetical order, words contrived by us, but in one point alone we deliberately differ from the preceding book. For in the preceding book the words of their own proper force contain nothing other than that they represent the letters set before them at the head. But in the fourth book, which we now have in hand, each word contains its own proper force, and nevertheless designates the letters placed before it. They contain within what they display without, because the second letter of each word always serves the hidden mystery, as we shall make clear by the following example: Ecorach banasar dulay semalas, chorion suriel anephor schabaras, busarat vimalo tumelech amasar. To understand the mystery of this, take only the second letter from each word; you will find this hidden sense: “Beware this man.” For the second letter in Ecorach is c, in banasar a, in dulay u, in semalas e. Join these four letters and they will make this word: “Beware.” And so one proceeds with the rest up to the end of the book; if anything of the hidden mystery remains to be written, one must return to the beginning as many times as necessary, until the secret has been wholly completed. In this very secret mode of writing, if someone has been trained by long practice, he has no need of a book, but will readily compose ex tempore words suited to his purpose. But someone less practiced in composing must have a copy of the book from which to write, since without the book he may easily find the hidden secret everywhere by means of the second letters. Yet in great, difficult, or dangerous matters, this method of writing is not to be trusted quite safely, because the industry of a skilled man could, by chance, discover the hidden mystery. This method of writing can also be altered by an intelligent man, so that the significant letters are placed in the third or fourth position of the word, with the words altered.

Brief Explanation of the Fifth Book of our Polygraphia.

In the fifth book of the Polygraphia we have transmitted various modes of writing secretly by transposition of ordinary letters, arranged in such coordination that under their veil we shall be able safely to write and announce everything to an absent friend. Now, to speak in our own manner, the progression of the transposition of letters is almost infinite, since from one alphabet innumerable alphabets arise by metathesis. First we described a straight table containing twenty-four alphabets; by understanding it, as many alphabets can be composed as there are stars counted in the firmament of heaven. For as many characters as there are in that table, so many times, by art and in order, do ten hundred thousand alphabets arise. After this we distributed an inverted table, which arises into another as often as you change the first letter at the head. The first letter in the straight table is b, in the inverted table z. Whenever you put any other letter in their place, you will find the table varied and entirely new in all respects, and so on to infinity. Then we expanded the first straight table, placing over the head of each black letter, in red, the letter which it represents, so that we might provide the reader with an easier mode of writing. This is the mode of writing: in the first black alphabet, take one letter of the hidden sentence; from the second, another; from the third, a third; and so consequently up to the end. When you have reached it, remember to return as often as necessary to the first order, until by concealing it you have completed the secret mystery of your mind. But so that you may see the order, let us give an example: Hxpf gfbmcʒ fueib gmbt ege rbd qopma uwu.wf xegk ak.tnr qxyx. The meaning of this mystical discourse

[unclear] is. Beware this man, because he is evil, a thief, a deceiver, a liar, and unjust. You now see, reader, what a remarkable transposition of the letters of the alphabet this table produces, since there is no one who, without knowledge of it, can penetrate this secret. For this method of writing exceeds every common transposition of letters, since each individual letter is always changed from one series of the alphabet into another. From the reversed table also, which we have expanded in order with a similar arrangement, let us set down this example by way of introduction: Rdkt, stznyb, tevq[unclear], snzf, sdrgh, vfd. Its secret meaning is this: Beware this man, because he is evil. And note that under the example of the right-hand table already set down, we led the hidden series from the beginning through the whole of it, and then, continuing in like manner through the reversed table, we again make a circle, as you see, to the beginning of the right-hand table. Hence it must be considered that one series of writing can be led through both tables, as we have already done in the demonstration of the first example, or, if you prefer, through one alone, as we have sufficiently shown in the reversed table. Nor will it cause difficulty for the reader to whom you send the hidden message; he will easily understand everything if he has had even a little practice in the art. But the strongest lesson, which increases knowledge, is frequent use in any art.

After the expansion of the tables there follow certain orchemata, in which there is not only a transposition of all the letters, but also an ordered leaping of one over another. For orchema is called transilitio, “leaping across,” in Latin. And first we marked the leap of the letters in expanded form; afterward we reduced it into an orchema. In the operation of this orchema there is a remarkable leap. There are twenty-four alphabets in it. In the first no letter intervenes; in the second, one; in the third, two; in the fifth, three; in the sixth, five; in the seventh, six; in the eighth, seven; in the ninth, eight; in the tenth, nine; finally in the eleventh, ten, and so on successively as far as the twenty-fourth alphabet, in which twenty-three letters intervene. Afterward there is a return by likeness to the beginning. The method in the orchemata for the mystery of writing is similar to that which is observed [unclear] of the orchema: from any black alphabet take only one letter, which has been shown written in red at the head. For understanding this, let us set down an example: Prdb. ifyqyn. bdyen. zbkt. sxfol. inq. Its sentence is this: Beware this man, because he is evil. When, in writing, you have reached the end of the orchemata and the secret begun in your heart has not yet been completed, you should know that you must return to the beginning as often as necessary, until the mystery has been completed through all things. And know that from one orchema of letters as many alphabets are composed as the diligent investigator may wish to have. Finally, this method of writing by orchemata, that is, by transilitions and leaps, is the most secure of all, because the transposition of letters arises not in one uniform way but varied in many ways. And it should be noted that true and perfect knowledge of the tables and orchemata, if you are industrious and studious, will give you understanding of all writings that are written in any way by transposition of letters. And it is a great secret, known to few, that all meanings hidden in any transposition of letters can be found.

Brief Explanation of the Sixth and Last Book of the Polygraphy

In the sixth and last book of the Polygraphy we have brought together certain characters of the ancients which were used in place of letters, so that, if anyone wishes to appropriate his own alphabet from it, he may be able to do so, although anyone moderately skilled, if he wishes, can devise for himself characters more beautiful than these. All the systems of this book are sufficiently open and clear, and therefore they need no explanation, even a brief one. Yet those which have been newly invented by us require a definite declaration, lest perhaps they seem to have been set down without reason. First of all, we have made all the letters of the Latins numerical, after the manner of the Hebrews and Greeks, thinking it shameful for us if we should be found inferior to them in this respect. For what is it that we have doubled certain letters so that they might suffice for an infinite number, when the Jews long ago did the very same thing, compelled by the same necessity? And the Greeks, because of the lack of letters, admitted certain marks into their number, since they were unable to double the letters. But we, because we are pressed by an equal lack of letters, have admitted two marks, namely this one and the one which our writers put for et; nor does it matter if it is written thus, et, provided that it represents six in number. The other, however, we have added, [unclear], which our writers, in abbreviating They write for con and com indifferently, and here in the order of numbers it represents six hundred. We have also, by the same necessity, doubled two letters, namely r, r and s, s; of these, r signifies ninety, but curved r one hundred; long s two hundred, and closed s three hundred. Further, w, born as a double letter, which because of the nature of the German language we have placed in the order of the alphabet, represents the last letter, and in the series of numbers one thousand. Let us set down in a table an example of the numerical method of this new invention of ours, so that anyone who wishes to know the method may have a sure instruction before his eyes. For what has always been easy for both the Hebrews and the Greeks will not be impossible for us. The table of numbers follows.

[unclear table of numbers] We have sufficiently shown the method of numbering by Latin letters after the manner of the Hebrews and the Greeks; we have reasonably placed it here by way of digression, although it is also found earlier in the sixth book. But by the fact that, as we proceeded, we have here enclosed our numbering in thirty times one hundred thousand, we plainly declare that it can be extended to infinity. If this method of numbers displeases anyone, he will easily be able to devise a better one. Also in imitation of the Normans, from the numerical letters written above, we have arranged a new alphabet, by which you will be able safely to write and announce to an absent friend any secret whatsoever that you wish. This method of writing is so secret, because it is both new and before us was never seen or heard, that it seems to me wholly impossible for it to be understood by anyone without the service of a teacher. But now let us set down its alphabet.

[unclear alphabet table] C - ij Behold, you now have here this alphabet made from Roman numeral letters in imitation of the [Normans?], with which you will be able to write and report very safely to an absent friend whatever you wish; and no one lying in wait will be able to penetrate your secret except him who knows the hidden principle of the art. For all who see the writing will think that the letters have been transposed, and they will labor in vain in reckoning them up. Iaaibid ifeib, ieifeigeicbkib. cakeibid. ikabk. gidibid. eigih. iceigigh ibkig. kif. iaaihifid, ibeicdakaieb. icei kaib. The hidden meaning of this writing is as follows: Beware the bearer of the present letters, because he is a very wicked man, a thief, a robber, a liar, and worthless. From the demonstration of this example it is easy to understand how safe and secure this method of writing is universally, in every language known to the writer, and in every matter or business, however difficult, secret, great, or lengthy. Nor do I think that there lives in the world a man who, by his own wit and without a teacher, could read this writing itself. For all who see it will think it is nothing other than transposed letters; and when they have been unable to obtain an understanding of them, at last worn out by despair, they will cease from investigation, and whatever you have written will remain hidden. For no one, as I think, will find out this craft of writing secretly by his own powers, as it is in itself, unless he either has the Polygraphy, or this key to it, at hand, or has been taught by another. From these numeral letters also many other alphabets can be made according to the order of numbering, when the beginning for writing alphabetically is taken not from unity but from any other following number. But in that progression you should know that care must be taken that no more than two numerable signs are taken to represent one letter. Hence, when you have come to ww, that is, ten times one hundred thousand, stop your step and do not go further, lest the multitude of signs, by deforming it, confuse the beauty of the writing. For, after unity has been set aside, ten times one hundred thousand signs included are sufficient for almost thirty individual alphabets. Yet the method of the first alphabet, beginning with unity, is the more elegant for enveloping written secrets, inasmuch as it is shorter and simpler. Finally, it makes the writing less tortuous. We have also arranged another alphabet with Latin letters distributed in confused order and transposed away from [unclear] rule, in imitation of which others too can be made almost without number. Its likeness is now set down.

| o | a | t | g | c | n | 9 | t | | p | b | b | a | k | u | | q | c | u | i | b | n | x | | r | d | w | k | y | m | y | | i | e | x | l | d | l | z̃ | | s | f | õ | m | g | f | w | Let us set down an example of this alphabet, so that we may prove that a secret can lie hidden in it. Gquog, ozuqi, ykar, din, uc, qacquxua, ríqdikuꝯ 9i, aqqurixrk3, skti, idta, ykoc9aqukg, uc, coddotacuoʒ, osoqui, iu kg, ci, bidiog. This writing, however, contains this meaning within itself: Know, friend, that the king has decreed in council that you are to be killed. Flee therefore as quickly as possible into [Aragon?] from his presence, lest you perish. This method of writing too is tortuous; it is subject to no regular rule, since it can be varied and changed at the pleasure of the writer by a chance transposition as much as anyone wishes. Next it should be noted that at the end of the sixth book of the Polygraphy we have handed down another method of writing by means of numeral signs, which people commonly call ciphers; under its covering you will safely write to an absent friend whatever you wish, and no one ignorant of the art will be able either to discover or to suspect that a secret lies hidden there, especially if the rules that we have given on these matters are observed with diligent caution. This is that the sheet should be formed in the manner of an astronomical table, as though it contained something pertaining to the reckoning of the stars, namely so that characters of the signs or planets are inserted, so that someone into whose hands it may perhaps fall by chance, led on by the likeness of a table, may think that no secret lies hidden in it, but may believe that everything pertains to some astronomical calculation. We have arranged twelve alphabets according to the number of the twelve signs of the zodiac, assigning to each one the number twenty-four in place of letters; the first of these, of Aries, begins from unity and ends at twenty-four. We advise in important matters C iiij

[In great?] and difficult matters one must be on guard against uniformity, because this mode of writing, on account of that very thing, can easily be suspect. But whoever wishes prudently to use his natural industry will find subtler things from ours, and what we have handed down in a not sufficiently polished form he will easily make better. In the numerical orchema great secrets lie hidden; if anyone has properly understood it, he will penetrate many mysteries of numbers. For we had neither time nor reason on this occasion to publish everything, but in our judgment what we have done will be enough for the instruction of those to whom our discoveries will someday be pleasing, so that they may have many methods not only of writing secretly whatever they wish to absent partners in the art, but also one method of extending it into many better and subtler ones, according to each person's capacity of understanding. Likewise, since the numerical orchemata have been made sufficiently open and clear in their places, and at the same time their tables set forth, it was not necessary here to repeat things once said, lest excessive length produce weariness for the reader. But I did not think it necessary to set down an example of writing more secretly by means of numerical figures, since there is no difficulty in the method of knowing it for all who possess even moderate ability. With similar ease the very ancient signs of numbering that we have brought back to light can be understood and grasped; by them the knowledge of numbers is carried on to infinity. For whenever a stroke is placed above a smaller number, a thousand is indicated. Thus X [with a stroke] means ten thousand; C [with a stroke], one hundred thousand; M [with a stroke], a thousand thousand; XL [with a stroke], ten times a thousand thousand; CC [with a stroke], a hundred times a thousand thousand; MM [with a stroke] means a thousand times a thousand thousand, and so consequently as far and as much as you wish to advance in numbering, without limit.

Here ends the Key of the Polygraphia of Johannes Trithemius, abbot of [Paeapolis?], to Emperor Maximilian. Printed under the direction of Johann Haselberg of Aia, bookseller, in the year from the birth of Christ 1518, in the month of July.

Order of the Ternions of the Polygraphia.

a: have mercy; they obtain; heavens; always; earth; bread; l Of the Polygraphia; F; N; d; malach; da To the divine Ma[ximilian?]; you endured; most beautiful; [unclear]; lead us [not?]; nasor; para Table, or; God; the slain; and [unclear]; full of grace; hasar; mat. Through the years; minds; they care for; of God; astutely; [unclear]; women; dabri; cam. b: piety; on account of h.; we read; e; m To the memory; G; O; X; our salvation; pasan; ma. Wax; pure; vain persons; Europe; fri.; life; miserable children of Eve; ramatba As often as; hail; us; our; to be seized; pray; faults; weeping tears; barafan. Little index; life; [unclear]; us; to be seen; Jesus Christ; advocate; hamar; pa. A: ruler of the world; ma; f; n God; H; P; Y; show; hamar; par Let him bestow; to those demanding; part; born; mother of life; Hail, Christ; panas; laba To the saints; more; he chose; Cla; by merits; [unclear]; most holy; hasor; mas. Of the Creator; they trouble; devoutly; deceit; through; to us wretched ones; fanasar; ma. Many; shepherd; have pity; wretchedly; hold; g; o B; Q; Z; concerning man. John Trithemius. Wretched; evil; a certain one; chosen; wise; flesh; cadalam; correct trans[unclear]. Banquets; of all; O life; all; great man; boda; oma; hasor; mas. To be brought in; usefully; servants; mag.; life; reparapha; First figure. Vain things; see; we pray; God; by our vices; h; p C; k; R; a; rhama; fes.; Fourth fi[gure]. Men; recommen[unclear]; arisen; faithful; ophiran; Orchema Badly; of all; of the highest; so.; virgin; all; pana; meda You will fail; great; let us celebrate; by eternal merits; moda; asch; ordolite. Think; vices; acts; you conceived; i; q D; S; b; nemas; ho.; they present Kingdom; Suevi; stain; wretched; loving mother; astrofal. But pass over. Of the blessed; Sicilian; of the Creator; for the wretched; cre; merafa; public. It fails; quibbles; devoutly; pray; our; solama; asa; mouths of the Rhine Brothers; [unclear]; evil; oars; most pious Lord; Book. E; M; T; c; mera; doraf; [unclear]. Deliver. Your; vain persons; Christ; of peace; debts; Our Father; atropas. Orchema. Life; holy; by faith; of the weak; be hallowed; dromat. [unclear]; by the impious; tur.; to the saints; in; thy will be done; baschay; Second ta[ble?]

Canon of the Leaves of the Key of the Polygraphia. A B C The key of the Poly[graphia]; to penetrate; [unclear]; let us place from In the explanation; which still; sufficient [unclear]; Spírami; food; infinite; so; distributed

About this edition

Author
Johannes Trithemius
Edition
Basel : Michael Furter and Adam Petri, for Johann Haselberg, July 1518 (BSB)
English edition
Ian Carlos Fabin, Trithemius Corpus 2026-07-12
Source
institutional source record
Canonical web edition
https://trithemius-corpus.github.io/Trithemius-Corpus/works/prdl-24390_polygraphiae-libri-vi.html
License
CC0-1.0 for generated translation artifacts; see the repository license for documentation, code, and arrangement.

This export was generated from the canonical repository source. Stable passage-level citation is available in the web and TEI editions where passage identifiers have been assigned.

Methodology and limitations · Work errata